2 * Parsing KEY=VALUE,... strings
4 * Copyright (C) 2017 Red Hat Inc.
9 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
10 * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
14 * KEY=VALUE,... syntax:
16 * key-vals = [ key-val { ',' key-val } [ ',' ] ]
17 * key-val = key '=' val
18 * key = key-fragment { '.' key-fragment }
19 * key-fragment = / [^=,.]* /
20 * val = { / [^,]* / | ',,' }
22 * Semantics defined by reduction to JSON:
24 * key-vals specifies a JSON object, i.e. a tree whose root is an
25 * object, inner nodes other than the root are objects or arrays,
26 * and leaves are strings.
28 * Each key-val = key-fragment '.' ... '=' val specifies a path from
29 * root to a leaf (left of '='), and the leaf's value (right of
32 * A path from the root is defined recursively:
33 * L '.' key-fragment is a child of the node denoted by path L
34 * key-fragment is a child of the tree root
35 * If key-fragment is numeric, the parent is an array and the child
36 * is its key-fragment-th member, counting from zero.
37 * Else, the parent is an object, and the child is its member named
40 * This constrains inner nodes to be either array or object. The
41 * constraints must be satisfiable. Counter-example: a.b=1,a=2 is
42 * not, because root.a must be an object to satisfy a.b=1 and a
43 * string to satisfy a=2.
45 * Array subscripts can occur in any order, but the set of
46 * subscripts must not have gaps. For instance, a.1=v is not okay,
47 * because root.a[0] is missing.
49 * If multiple key-val denote the same leaf, the last one determines
52 * Key-fragments must be valid QAPI names or consist only of decimal
55 * The length of any key-fragment must be between 1 and 127.
57 * Design flaw: there is no way to denote an empty array or non-root
58 * object. While interpreting "key absent" as empty seems natural
59 * (removing a key-val from the input string removes the member when
60 * there are more, so why not when it's the last), it doesn't work:
61 * "key absent" already means "optional object/array absent", which
62 * isn't the same as "empty object/array present".
64 * Design flaw: scalar values can only be strings; there is no way to
65 * denote numbers, true, false or null. The special QObject input
66 * visitor returned by qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval() mostly hides
67 * this by automatically converting strings to the type the visitor
68 * expects. Breaks down for type 'any', where the visitor's
69 * expectation isn't clear. Code visiting 'any' needs to do the
70 * conversion itself, but only when using this keyval visitor.
71 * Awkward. Note that we carefully restrict alternate types to avoid
74 * Additional syntax for use with an implied key:
76 * key-vals-ik = val-no-key [ ',' key-vals ]
77 * val-no-key = / [^=,]* /
79 * where no-key is syntactic sugar for implied-key=val-no-key.
82 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
83 #include "qapi/error.h"
84 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
85 #include "qapi/qmp/qlist.h"
86 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
87 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
88 #include "qemu/option.h"
91 * Convert @key to a list index.
92 * Convert all leading decimal digits to a (non-negative) number,
94 * If @end is non-null, assign a pointer to the first character after
95 * the number to *@end.
96 * Else, fail if any characters follow.
97 * On success, return the converted number.
98 * On failure, return a negative value.
99 * Note: since only digits are converted, no two keys can map to the
100 * same number, except by overflow to INT_MAX.
102 static int key_to_index(const char *key, const char **end)
107 if (*key < '0' || *key > '9') {
110 ret = qemu_strtoul(key, end, 10, &index);
112 return ret == -ERANGE ? INT_MAX : ret;
114 return index <= INT_MAX ? index : INT_MAX;
118 * Ensure @cur maps @key_in_cur the right way.
119 * If @value is null, it needs to map to a QDict, else to this
121 * If @cur doesn't have @key_in_cur, put an empty QDict or @value,
123 * Else, if it needs to map to a QDict, and already does, do nothing.
124 * Else, if it needs to map to this QString, and already maps to a
125 * QString, replace it by @value.
126 * Else, fail because we have conflicting needs on how to map
128 * In any case, take over the reference to @value, i.e. if the caller
129 * wants to hold on to a reference, it needs to QINCREF().
130 * Use @key up to @key_cursor to identify the key in error messages.
131 * On success, return the mapped value.
132 * On failure, store an error through @errp and return NULL.
134 static QObject *keyval_parse_put(QDict *cur,
135 const char *key_in_cur, QString *value,
136 const char *key, const char *key_cursor,
141 old = qdict_get(cur, key_in_cur);
143 if (qobject_type(old) != (value ? QTYPE_QSTRING : QTYPE_QDICT)) {
144 error_setg(errp, "Parameters '%.*s.*' used inconsistently",
145 (int)(key_cursor - key), key);
150 return old; /* already QDict, do nothing */
152 new = QOBJECT(value); /* replacement */
154 new = value ? QOBJECT(value) : QOBJECT(qdict_new());
156 qdict_put_obj(cur, key_in_cur, new);
161 * Parse one KEY=VALUE from @params, store result in @qdict.
162 * The first fragment of KEY applies to @qdict. Subsequent fragments
163 * apply to nested QDicts, which are created on demand. @implied_key
164 * is as in keyval_parse().
165 * On success, return a pointer to the next KEY=VALUE, or else to '\0'.
166 * On failure, return NULL.
168 static const char *keyval_parse_one(QDict *qdict, const char *params,
169 const char *implied_key,
172 const char *key, *key_end, *s, *end;
174 char key_in_cur[128];
181 len = strcspn(params, "=,");
182 if (implied_key && len && key[len] != '=') {
183 /* Desugar implied key */
185 len = strlen(implied_key);
190 * Loop over key fragments: @s points to current fragment, it
191 * applies to @cur. @key_in_cur[] holds the previous fragment.
196 /* Want a key index (unless it's first) or a QAPI name */
197 if (s != key && key_to_index(s, &end) >= 0) {
200 ret = parse_qapi_name(s, false);
201 len = ret < 0 ? 0 : ret;
203 assert(s + len <= key_end);
204 if (!len || (s + len < key_end && s[len] != '.')) {
205 assert(key != implied_key);
206 error_setg(errp, "Invalid parameter '%.*s'",
207 (int)(key_end - key), key);
210 if (len >= sizeof(key_in_cur)) {
211 assert(key != implied_key);
212 error_setg(errp, "Parameter%s '%.*s' is too long",
213 s != key || s + len != key_end ? " fragment" : "",
219 next = keyval_parse_put(cur, key_in_cur, NULL,
224 cur = qobject_to(QDict, next);
228 memcpy(key_in_cur, s, len);
238 if (key == implied_key) {
243 error_setg(errp, "Expected '=' after parameter '%.*s'",
244 (int)(s - key), key);
254 } else if (*s == ',') {
260 qstring_append_chr(val, *s++);
263 if (!keyval_parse_put(cur, key_in_cur, val, key, key_end, errp)) {
269 static char *reassemble_key(GSList *key)
271 GString *s = g_string_new("");
274 for (p = key; p; p = p->next) {
275 g_string_prepend_c(s, '.');
276 g_string_prepend(s, (char *)p->data);
279 return g_string_free(s, FALSE);
283 * Listify @cur recursively.
284 * Replace QDicts whose keys are all valid list indexes by QLists.
285 * @key_of_cur is the list of key fragments leading up to @cur.
286 * On success, return either @cur or its replacement.
287 * On failure, store an error through @errp and return NULL.
289 static QObject *keyval_listify(QDict *cur, GSList *key_of_cur, Error **errp)
292 bool has_index, has_member;
293 const QDictEntry *ent;
299 int index, max_index, i;
302 key_node.next = key_of_cur;
305 * Recursively listify @cur's members, and figure out whether @cur
306 * itself is to be listified.
310 for (ent = qdict_first(cur); ent; ent = qdict_next(cur, ent)) {
311 if (key_to_index(ent->key, NULL) >= 0) {
317 qdict = qobject_to(QDict, ent->value);
322 key_node.data = ent->key;
323 val = keyval_listify(qdict, &key_node, errp);
327 if (val != ent->value) {
328 qdict_put_obj(cur, ent->key, val);
332 if (has_index && has_member) {
333 key = reassemble_key(key_of_cur);
334 error_setg(errp, "Parameters '%s*' used inconsistently", key);
342 /* Copy @cur's values to @elt[] */
343 nelt = qdict_size(cur) + 1; /* one extra, for use as sentinel */
344 elt = g_new0(QObject *, nelt);
346 for (ent = qdict_first(cur); ent; ent = qdict_next(cur, ent)) {
347 index = key_to_index(ent->key, NULL);
349 if (index > max_index) {
353 * We iterate @nelt times. If we get one exceeding @nelt
354 * here, we will put less than @nelt values into @elt[],
355 * triggering the error in the next loop.
357 if ((size_t)index >= nelt - 1) {
360 /* Even though dict keys are distinct, indexes need not be */
361 elt[index] = ent->value;
365 * Make a list from @elt[], reporting the first missing element,
367 * If we dropped an index >= nelt in the previous loop, this loop
368 * will run into the sentinel and report index @nelt missing.
371 assert(!elt[nelt-1]); /* need the sentinel to be null */
372 for (i = 0; i < MIN(nelt, max_index + 1); i++) {
374 key = reassemble_key(key_of_cur);
375 error_setg(errp, "Parameter '%s%d' missing", key, i);
381 qobject_incref(elt[i]);
382 qlist_append_obj(list, elt[i]);
386 return QOBJECT(list);
390 * Parse @params in QEMU's traditional KEY=VALUE,... syntax.
391 * If @implied_key, the first KEY= can be omitted. @implied_key is
392 * implied then, and VALUE can't be empty or contain ',' or '='.
393 * On success, return a dictionary of the parsed keys and values.
394 * On failure, store an error through @errp and return NULL.
396 QDict *keyval_parse(const char *params, const char *implied_key,
399 QDict *qdict = qdict_new();
405 s = keyval_parse_one(qdict, s, implied_key, errp);
413 listified = keyval_listify(qdict, NULL, errp);
418 assert(listified == QOBJECT(qdict));