2 * Parsing KEY=VALUE,... strings
4 * Copyright (C) 2017 Red Hat Inc.
9 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
10 * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
14 * KEY=VALUE,... syntax:
16 * key-vals = [ key-val { ',' key-val } [ ',' ] ]
17 * key-val = key '=' val | help
18 * key = key-fragment { '.' key-fragment }
19 * key-fragment = qapi-name | index
20 * qapi-name = '__' / [a-z0-9.-]+ / '_' / [A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_-]* /
22 * val = { / [^,]+ / | ',,' }
25 * Semantics defined by reduction to JSON:
27 * key-vals specifies a JSON object, i.e. a tree whose root is an
28 * object, inner nodes other than the root are objects or arrays,
29 * and leaves are strings.
31 * Each key-val = key-fragment '.' ... '=' val specifies a path from
32 * root to a leaf (left of '='), and the leaf's value (right of
35 * A path from the root is defined recursively:
36 * L '.' key-fragment is a child of the node denoted by path L
37 * key-fragment is a child of the tree root
38 * If key-fragment is numeric, the parent is an array and the child
39 * is its key-fragment-th member, counting from zero.
40 * Else, the parent is an object, and the child is its member named
43 * This constrains inner nodes to be either array or object. The
44 * constraints must be satisfiable. Counter-example: a.b=1,a=2 is
45 * not, because root.a must be an object to satisfy a.b=1 and a
46 * string to satisfy a=2.
48 * Array subscripts can occur in any order, but the set of
49 * subscripts must not have gaps. For instance, a.1=v is not okay,
50 * because root.a[0] is missing.
52 * If multiple key-val denote the same leaf, the last one determines
55 * Key-fragments must be valid QAPI names or consist only of decimal
58 * The length of any key-fragment must be between 1 and 127.
60 * If any key-val is help, the object is to be treated as a help
63 * Design flaw: there is no way to denote an empty array or non-root
64 * object. While interpreting "key absent" as empty seems natural
65 * (removing a key-val from the input string removes the member when
66 * there are more, so why not when it's the last), it doesn't work:
67 * "key absent" already means "optional object/array absent", which
68 * isn't the same as "empty object/array present".
70 * Design flaw: scalar values can only be strings; there is no way to
71 * denote numbers, true, false or null. The special QObject input
72 * visitor returned by qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval() mostly hides
73 * this by automatically converting strings to the type the visitor
74 * expects. Breaks down for type 'any', where the visitor's
75 * expectation isn't clear. Code visiting 'any' needs to do the
76 * conversion itself, but only when using this keyval visitor.
77 * Awkward. Note that we carefully restrict alternate types to avoid
80 * Alternative syntax for use with an implied key:
82 * key-vals = [ key-val-1st { ',' key-val } [ ',' ] ]
83 * key-val-1st = val-no-key | key-val
84 * val-no-key = / [^=,]+ / - help
86 * where val-no-key is syntactic sugar for implied-key=val-no-key.
88 * Note that you can't use the sugared form when the value contains
92 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
93 #include "qapi/error.h"
94 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
95 #include "qapi/qmp/qlist.h"
96 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
97 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
98 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
99 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
102 * Convert @key to a list index.
103 * Convert all leading decimal digits to a (non-negative) number,
105 * If @end is non-null, assign a pointer to the first character after
106 * the number to *@end.
107 * Else, fail if any characters follow.
108 * On success, return the converted number.
109 * On failure, return a negative value.
110 * Note: since only digits are converted, no two keys can map to the
111 * same number, except by overflow to INT_MAX.
113 static int key_to_index(const char *key, const char **end)
118 if (*key < '0' || *key > '9') {
121 ret = qemu_strtoul(key, end, 10, &index);
123 return ret == -ERANGE ? INT_MAX : ret;
125 return index <= INT_MAX ? index : INT_MAX;
129 * Ensure @cur maps @key_in_cur the right way.
130 * If @value is null, it needs to map to a QDict, else to this
132 * If @cur doesn't have @key_in_cur, put an empty QDict or @value,
134 * Else, if it needs to map to a QDict, and already does, do nothing.
135 * Else, if it needs to map to this QString, and already maps to a
136 * QString, replace it by @value.
137 * Else, fail because we have conflicting needs on how to map
139 * In any case, take over the reference to @value, i.e. if the caller
140 * wants to hold on to a reference, it needs to qobject_ref().
141 * Use @key up to @key_cursor to identify the key in error messages.
142 * On success, return the mapped value.
143 * On failure, store an error through @errp and return NULL.
145 static QObject *keyval_parse_put(QDict *cur,
146 const char *key_in_cur, QString *value,
147 const char *key, const char *key_cursor,
152 old = qdict_get(cur, key_in_cur);
154 if (qobject_type(old) != (value ? QTYPE_QSTRING : QTYPE_QDICT)) {
155 error_setg(errp, "Parameters '%.*s.*' used inconsistently",
156 (int)(key_cursor - key), key);
157 qobject_unref(value);
161 return old; /* already QDict, do nothing */
163 new = QOBJECT(value); /* replacement */
165 new = value ? QOBJECT(value) : QOBJECT(qdict_new());
167 qdict_put_obj(cur, key_in_cur, new);
172 * Parse one parameter from @params.
174 * If we're looking at KEY=VALUE, store result in @qdict.
175 * The first fragment of KEY applies to @qdict. Subsequent fragments
176 * apply to nested QDicts, which are created on demand. @implied_key
177 * is as in keyval_parse().
179 * If we're looking at "help" or "?", set *help to true.
181 * On success, return a pointer to the next parameter, or else to '\0'.
182 * On failure, return NULL.
184 static const char *keyval_parse_one(QDict *qdict, const char *params,
185 const char *implied_key, bool *help,
188 const char *key, *key_end, *val_end, *s, *end;
190 char key_in_cur[128];
198 len = strcspn(params, "=,");
199 if (len && key[len] != '=') {
200 if (starts_with_help_option(key) == len) {
209 /* Desugar implied key */
211 val_end = params + len;
212 len = strlen(implied_key);
218 * Loop over key fragments: @s points to current fragment, it
219 * applies to @cur. @key_in_cur[] holds the previous fragment.
224 /* Want a key index (unless it's first) or a QAPI name */
225 if (s != key && key_to_index(s, &end) >= 0) {
228 ret = parse_qapi_name(s, false);
229 len = ret < 0 ? 0 : ret;
231 assert(s + len <= key_end);
232 if (!len || (s + len < key_end && s[len] != '.')) {
233 assert(key != implied_key);
234 error_setg(errp, "Invalid parameter '%.*s'",
235 (int)(key_end - key), key);
238 if (len >= sizeof(key_in_cur)) {
239 assert(key != implied_key);
240 error_setg(errp, "Parameter%s '%.*s' is too long",
241 s != key || s + len != key_end ? " fragment" : "",
247 next = keyval_parse_put(cur, key_in_cur, NULL,
252 cur = qobject_to(QDict, next);
256 memcpy(key_in_cur, s, len);
266 if (key == implied_key) {
268 val = g_string_new_len(params, val_end - params);
275 error_setg(errp, "Expected '=' after parameter '%.*s'",
276 (int)(s - key), key);
281 val = g_string_new(NULL);
285 } else if (*s == ',') {
291 g_string_append_c(val, *s++);
295 if (!keyval_parse_put(cur, key_in_cur, qstring_from_gstring(val),
296 key, key_end, errp)) {
302 static char *reassemble_key(GSList *key)
304 GString *s = g_string_new("");
307 for (p = key; p; p = p->next) {
308 g_string_prepend_c(s, '.');
309 g_string_prepend(s, (char *)p->data);
312 return g_string_free(s, FALSE);
316 * Recursive worker for keyval_merge.
318 * @str is the path that led to the * current dictionary (to be used for
319 * error messages). It is modified internally but restored before the
322 static void keyval_do_merge(QDict *dest, const QDict *merged, GString *str, Error **errp)
324 size_t save_len = str->len;
325 const QDictEntry *ent;
328 for (ent = qdict_first(merged); ent; ent = qdict_next(merged, ent)) {
329 old_value = qdict_get(dest, ent->key);
331 if (qobject_type(old_value) != qobject_type(ent->value)) {
332 error_setg(errp, "Parameter '%s%s' used inconsistently",
335 } else if (qobject_type(ent->value) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
336 /* Merge sub-dictionaries. */
337 g_string_append(str, ent->key);
338 g_string_append_c(str, '.');
339 keyval_do_merge(qobject_to(QDict, old_value),
340 qobject_to(QDict, ent->value),
342 g_string_truncate(str, save_len);
344 } else if (qobject_type(ent->value) == QTYPE_QLIST) {
345 /* Append to old list. */
346 QList *old = qobject_to(QList, old_value);
347 QList *new = qobject_to(QList, ent->value);
348 const QListEntry *item;
349 QLIST_FOREACH_ENTRY(new, item) {
350 qobject_ref(item->value);
351 qlist_append_obj(old, item->value);
355 assert(qobject_type(ent->value) == QTYPE_QSTRING);
359 qobject_ref(ent->value);
360 qdict_put_obj(dest, ent->key, ent->value);
364 /* Merge the @merged dictionary into @dest.
366 * The dictionaries are expected to be returned by the keyval parser, and
367 * therefore the only expected scalar type is the string. In case the same
368 * path is present in both @dest and @merged, the semantics are as follows:
370 * - lists are concatenated
372 * - dictionaries are merged recursively
374 * - for scalar values, @merged wins
376 * In case an error is reported, @dest may already have been modified.
378 * This function can be used to implement semantics analogous to QemuOpts's
379 * .merge_lists = true case, or to implement -set for options backed by QDicts.
381 * Note: while QemuOpts is commonly used so that repeated keys overwrite
382 * ("last one wins"), it can also be used so that repeated keys build up
383 * a list. keyval_merge() can only be used when the options' semantics are
384 * the former, not the latter.
386 void keyval_merge(QDict *dest, const QDict *merged, Error **errp)
390 str = g_string_new("");
391 keyval_do_merge(dest, merged, str, errp);
392 g_string_free(str, TRUE);
396 * Listify @cur recursively.
397 * Replace QDicts whose keys are all valid list indexes by QLists.
398 * @key_of_cur is the list of key fragments leading up to @cur.
399 * On success, return either @cur or its replacement.
400 * On failure, store an error through @errp and return NULL.
402 static QObject *keyval_listify(QDict *cur, GSList *key_of_cur, Error **errp)
405 bool has_index, has_member;
406 const QDictEntry *ent;
412 int index, max_index, i;
415 key_node.next = key_of_cur;
418 * Recursively listify @cur's members, and figure out whether @cur
419 * itself is to be listified.
423 for (ent = qdict_first(cur); ent; ent = qdict_next(cur, ent)) {
424 if (key_to_index(ent->key, NULL) >= 0) {
430 qdict = qobject_to(QDict, ent->value);
435 key_node.data = ent->key;
436 val = keyval_listify(qdict, &key_node, errp);
440 if (val != ent->value) {
441 qdict_put_obj(cur, ent->key, val);
445 if (has_index && has_member) {
446 key = reassemble_key(key_of_cur);
447 error_setg(errp, "Parameters '%s*' used inconsistently", key);
455 /* Copy @cur's values to @elt[] */
456 nelt = qdict_size(cur) + 1; /* one extra, for use as sentinel */
457 elt = g_new0(QObject *, nelt);
459 for (ent = qdict_first(cur); ent; ent = qdict_next(cur, ent)) {
460 index = key_to_index(ent->key, NULL);
462 if (index > max_index) {
466 * We iterate @nelt times. If we get one exceeding @nelt
467 * here, we will put less than @nelt values into @elt[],
468 * triggering the error in the next loop.
470 if ((size_t)index >= nelt - 1) {
473 /* Even though dict keys are distinct, indexes need not be */
474 elt[index] = ent->value;
478 * Make a list from @elt[], reporting the first missing element,
480 * If we dropped an index >= nelt in the previous loop, this loop
481 * will run into the sentinel and report index @nelt missing.
484 assert(!elt[nelt-1]); /* need the sentinel to be null */
485 for (i = 0; i < MIN(nelt, max_index + 1); i++) {
487 key = reassemble_key(key_of_cur);
488 error_setg(errp, "Parameter '%s%d' missing", key, i);
495 qlist_append_obj(list, elt[i]);
499 return QOBJECT(list);
503 * Parse @params in QEMU's traditional KEY=VALUE,... syntax.
505 * If @implied_key, the first KEY= can be omitted. @implied_key is
506 * implied then, and VALUE can't be empty or contain ',' or '='.
508 * A parameter "help" or "?" without a value isn't added to the
509 * resulting dictionary, but instead is interpreted as help request.
510 * All other options are parsed and returned normally so that context
511 * specific help can be printed.
513 * If @p_help is not NULL, store whether help is requested there.
514 * If @p_help is NULL and help is requested, fail.
516 * On success, return @dict, now filled with the parsed keys and values.
518 * On failure, store an error through @errp and return NULL. Any keys
519 * and values parsed so far will be in @dict nevertheless.
521 QDict *keyval_parse_into(QDict *qdict, const char *params, const char *implied_key,
522 bool *p_help, Error **errp)
530 s = keyval_parse_one(qdict, s, implied_key, &help, errp);
540 error_setg(errp, "Help is not available for this option");
544 listified = keyval_listify(qdict, NULL, errp);
548 assert(listified == QOBJECT(qdict));
553 * Parse @params in QEMU's traditional KEY=VALUE,... syntax.
555 * If @implied_key, the first KEY= can be omitted. @implied_key is
556 * implied then, and VALUE can't be empty or contain ',' or '='.
558 * A parameter "help" or "?" without a value isn't added to the
559 * resulting dictionary, but instead is interpreted as help request.
560 * All other options are parsed and returned normally so that context
561 * specific help can be printed.
563 * If @p_help is not NULL, store whether help is requested there.
564 * If @p_help is NULL and help is requested, fail.
566 * On success, return a dictionary of the parsed keys and values.
567 * On failure, store an error through @errp and return NULL.
569 QDict *keyval_parse(const char *params, const char *implied_key,
570 bool *p_help, Error **errp)
572 QDict *qdict = qdict_new();
573 QDict *ret = keyval_parse_into(qdict, params, implied_key, p_help, errp);
576 qobject_unref(qdict);