1 /* GNU/Linux on ARM target support.
2 Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This file is part of GDB.
6 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
9 (at your option) any later version.
11 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
18 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
19 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
25 #include "floatformat.h"
30 #include "solib-svr4.h"
35 /* For shared library handling. */
40 /* Under ARM GNU/Linux the traditional way of performing a breakpoint
41 is to execute a particular software interrupt, rather than use a
42 particular undefined instruction to provoke a trap. Upon exection
43 of the software interrupt the kernel stops the inferior with a
44 SIGTRAP, and wakes the debugger. Since ARM GNU/Linux doesn't support
45 Thumb at the moment we only override the ARM breakpoints. */
47 static const char arm_linux_arm_le_breakpoint[] = { 0x01, 0x00, 0x9f, 0xef };
49 static const char arm_linux_arm_be_breakpoint[] = { 0xef, 0x9f, 0x00, 0x01 };
51 /* DEPRECATED_CALL_DUMMY_WORDS:
52 This sequence of words is the instructions
58 Note this is 12 bytes. */
60 LONGEST arm_linux_call_dummy_words[] =
62 0xe1a0e00f, 0xe1a0f004, 0xef9f001
65 /* Description of the longjmp buffer. */
66 #define ARM_LINUX_JB_ELEMENT_SIZE INT_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE
67 #define ARM_LINUX_JB_PC 21
69 /* Extract from an array REGBUF containing the (raw) register state
70 a function return value of type TYPE, and copy that, in virtual format,
72 /* FIXME rearnsha/2002-02-23: This function shouldn't be necessary.
73 The ARM generic one should be able to handle the model used by
74 linux and the low-level formatting of the registers should be
75 hidden behind the regcache abstraction. */
77 arm_linux_extract_return_value (struct type *type,
81 /* ScottB: This needs to be looked at to handle the different
82 floating point emulators on ARM GNU/Linux. Right now the code
83 assumes that fetch inferior registers does the right thing for
84 GDB. I suspect this won't handle NWFPE registers correctly, nor
85 will the default ARM version (arm_extract_return_value()). */
87 int regnum = ((TYPE_CODE_FLT == TYPE_CODE (type))
88 ? ARM_F0_REGNUM : ARM_A1_REGNUM);
89 memcpy (valbuf, ®buf[REGISTER_BYTE (regnum)], TYPE_LENGTH (type));
94 This function does not support passing parameters using the FPA
95 variant of the APCS. It passes any floating point arguments in the
96 general registers and/or on the stack.
98 FIXME: This and arm_push_arguments should be merged. However this
99 function breaks on a little endian host, big endian target
100 using the COFF file format. ELF is ok.
104 /* Addresses for calling Thumb functions have the bit 0 set.
105 Here are some macros to test, set, or clear bit 0 of addresses. */
106 #define IS_THUMB_ADDR(addr) ((addr) & 1)
107 #define MAKE_THUMB_ADDR(addr) ((addr) | 1)
108 #define UNMAKE_THUMB_ADDR(addr) ((addr) & ~1)
111 arm_linux_push_arguments (int nargs, struct value **args, CORE_ADDR sp,
112 int struct_return, CORE_ADDR struct_addr)
115 int argnum, argreg, nstack_size;
117 /* Walk through the list of args and determine how large a temporary
118 stack is required. Need to take care here as structs may be
119 passed on the stack, and we have to to push them. */
120 nstack_size = -4 * DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE; /* Some arguments go into A1-A4. */
122 if (struct_return) /* The struct address goes in A1. */
123 nstack_size += DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE;
125 /* Walk through the arguments and add their size to nstack_size. */
126 for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
129 struct type *arg_type;
131 arg_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (args[argnum]));
132 len = TYPE_LENGTH (arg_type);
134 /* ANSI C code passes float arguments as integers, K&R code
135 passes float arguments as doubles. Correct for this here. */
136 if (TYPE_CODE_FLT == TYPE_CODE (arg_type) && DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE == len)
137 nstack_size += FP_REGISTER_VIRTUAL_SIZE;
142 /* Allocate room on the stack, and initialize our stack frame
151 /* Initialize the integer argument register pointer. */
152 argreg = ARM_A1_REGNUM;
154 /* The struct_return pointer occupies the first parameter passing
157 write_register (argreg++, struct_addr);
159 /* Process arguments from left to right. Store as many as allowed
160 in the parameter passing registers (A1-A4), and save the rest on
161 the temporary stack. */
162 for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
167 enum type_code typecode;
168 struct type *arg_type, *target_type;
170 arg_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (args[argnum]));
171 target_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (arg_type);
172 len = TYPE_LENGTH (arg_type);
173 typecode = TYPE_CODE (arg_type);
174 val = (char *) VALUE_CONTENTS (args[argnum]);
176 /* ANSI C code passes float arguments as integers, K&R code
177 passes float arguments as doubles. The .stabs record for
178 for ANSI prototype floating point arguments records the
179 type as FP_INTEGER, while a K&R style (no prototype)
180 .stabs records the type as FP_FLOAT. In this latter case
181 the compiler converts the float arguments to double before
182 calling the function. */
183 if (TYPE_CODE_FLT == typecode && DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE == len)
186 dblval = deprecated_extract_floating (val, len);
187 len = TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT / TARGET_CHAR_BIT;
189 deprecated_store_floating (val, len, dblval);
192 /* If the argument is a pointer to a function, and it is a Thumb
193 function, set the low bit of the pointer. */
194 if (TYPE_CODE_PTR == typecode
195 && NULL != target_type
196 && TYPE_CODE_FUNC == TYPE_CODE (target_type))
198 CORE_ADDR regval = extract_unsigned_integer (val, len);
199 if (arm_pc_is_thumb (regval))
200 store_unsigned_integer (val, len, MAKE_THUMB_ADDR (regval));
203 /* Copy the argument to general registers or the stack in
204 register-sized pieces. Large arguments are split between
205 registers and stack. */
208 int partial_len = len < DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE ? len : DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE;
210 if (argreg <= ARM_LAST_ARG_REGNUM)
212 /* It's an argument being passed in a general register. */
213 regval = extract_unsigned_integer (val, partial_len);
214 write_register (argreg++, regval);
218 /* Push the arguments onto the stack. */
219 write_memory ((CORE_ADDR) fp, val, DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE);
220 fp += DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE;
228 /* Return adjusted stack pointer. */
233 Dynamic Linking on ARM GNU/Linux
234 --------------------------------
236 Note: PLT = procedure linkage table
237 GOT = global offset table
239 As much as possible, ELF dynamic linking defers the resolution of
240 jump/call addresses until the last minute. The technique used is
241 inspired by the i386 ELF design, and is based on the following
244 1) The calling technique should not force a change in the assembly
245 code produced for apps; it MAY cause changes in the way assembly
246 code is produced for position independent code (i.e. shared
249 2) The technique must be such that all executable areas must not be
250 modified; and any modified areas must not be executed.
252 To do this, there are three steps involved in a typical jump:
256 3) using a pointer from the GOT
258 When the executable or library is first loaded, each GOT entry is
259 initialized to point to the code which implements dynamic name
260 resolution and code finding. This is normally a function in the
261 program interpreter (on ARM GNU/Linux this is usually
262 ld-linux.so.2, but it does not have to be). On the first
263 invocation, the function is located and the GOT entry is replaced
264 with the real function address. Subsequent calls go through steps
265 1, 2 and 3 and end up calling the real code.
272 This is typical ARM code using the 26 bit relative branch or branch
273 and link instructions. The target of the instruction
274 (function_call is usually the address of the function to be called.
275 In position independent code, the target of the instruction is
276 actually an entry in the PLT when calling functions in a shared
277 library. Note that this call is identical to a normal function
278 call, only the target differs.
282 The PLT is a synthetic area, created by the linker. It exists in
283 both executables and libraries. It is an array of stubs, one per
284 imported function call. It looks like this:
287 str lr, [sp, #-4]! @push the return address (lr)
288 ldr lr, [pc, #16] @load from 6 words ahead
289 add lr, pc, lr @form an address for GOT[0]
290 ldr pc, [lr, #8]! @jump to the contents of that addr
292 The return address (lr) is pushed on the stack and used for
293 calculations. The load on the second line loads the lr with
294 &GOT[3] - . - 20. The addition on the third leaves:
296 lr = (&GOT[3] - . - 20) + (. + 8)
300 On the fourth line, the pc and lr are both updated, so that:
306 NOTE: PLT[0] borrows an offset .word from PLT[1]. This is a little
307 "tight", but allows us to keep all the PLT entries the same size.
310 ldr ip, [pc, #4] @load offset from gotoff
311 add ip, pc, ip @add the offset to the pc
312 ldr pc, [ip] @jump to that address
313 gotoff: .word GOT[n+3] - .
315 The load on the first line, gets an offset from the fourth word of
316 the PLT entry. The add on the second line makes ip = &GOT[n+3],
317 which contains either a pointer to PLT[0] (the fixup trampoline) or
318 a pointer to the actual code.
322 The GOT contains helper pointers for both code (PLT) fixups and
323 data fixups. The first 3 entries of the GOT are special. The next
324 M entries (where M is the number of entries in the PLT) belong to
325 the PLT fixups. The next D (all remaining) entries belong to
326 various data fixups. The actual size of the GOT is 3 + M + D.
328 The GOT is also a synthetic area, created by the linker. It exists
329 in both executables and libraries. When the GOT is first
330 initialized , all the GOT entries relating to PLT fixups are
331 pointing to code back at PLT[0].
333 The special entries in the GOT are:
335 GOT[0] = linked list pointer used by the dynamic loader
336 GOT[1] = pointer to the reloc table for this module
337 GOT[2] = pointer to the fixup/resolver code
339 The first invocation of function call comes through and uses the
340 fixup/resolver code. On the entry to the fixup/resolver code:
344 stack[0] = return address (lr) of the function call
345 [r0, r1, r2, r3] are still the arguments to the function call
347 This is enough information for the fixup/resolver code to work
348 with. Before the fixup/resolver code returns, it actually calls
349 the requested function and repairs &GOT[n+3]. */
351 /* Find the minimal symbol named NAME, and return both the minsym
352 struct and its objfile. This probably ought to be in minsym.c, but
353 everything there is trying to deal with things like C++ and
354 SOFUN_ADDRESS_MAYBE_TURQUOISE, ... Since this is so simple, it may
355 be considered too special-purpose for general consumption. */
357 static struct minimal_symbol *
358 find_minsym_and_objfile (char *name, struct objfile **objfile_p)
360 struct objfile *objfile;
362 ALL_OBJFILES (objfile)
364 struct minimal_symbol *msym;
366 ALL_OBJFILE_MSYMBOLS (objfile, msym)
368 if (DEPRECATED_SYMBOL_NAME (msym)
369 && strcmp (DEPRECATED_SYMBOL_NAME (msym), name) == 0)
371 *objfile_p = objfile;
381 /* Fetch, and possibly build, an appropriate link_map_offsets structure
382 for ARM linux targets using the struct offsets defined in <link.h>.
383 Note, however, that link.h is not actually referred to in this file.
384 Instead, the relevant structs offsets were obtained from examining
385 link.h. (We can't refer to link.h from this file because the host
386 system won't necessarily have it, or if it does, the structs which
387 it defines will refer to the host system, not the target). */
389 static struct link_map_offsets *
390 arm_linux_svr4_fetch_link_map_offsets (void)
392 static struct link_map_offsets lmo;
393 static struct link_map_offsets *lmp = 0;
399 lmo.r_debug_size = 8; /* Actual size is 20, but this is all we
402 lmo.r_map_offset = 4;
405 lmo.link_map_size = 20; /* Actual size is 552, but this is all we
408 lmo.l_addr_offset = 0;
411 lmo.l_name_offset = 4;
414 lmo.l_next_offset = 12;
417 lmo.l_prev_offset = 16;
425 skip_hurd_resolver (CORE_ADDR pc)
427 /* The HURD dynamic linker is part of the GNU C library, so many
428 GNU/Linux distributions use it. (All ELF versions, as far as I
429 know.) An unresolved PLT entry points to "_dl_runtime_resolve",
430 which calls "fixup" to patch the PLT, and then passes control to
433 We look for the symbol `_dl_runtime_resolve', and find `fixup' in
434 the same objfile. If we are at the entry point of `fixup', then
435 we set a breakpoint at the return address (at the top of the
436 stack), and continue.
438 It's kind of gross to do all these checks every time we're
439 called, since they don't change once the executable has gotten
440 started. But this is only a temporary hack --- upcoming versions
441 of GNU/Linux will provide a portable, efficient interface for
442 debugging programs that use shared libraries. */
444 struct objfile *objfile;
445 struct minimal_symbol *resolver
446 = find_minsym_and_objfile ("_dl_runtime_resolve", &objfile);
450 struct minimal_symbol *fixup
451 = lookup_minimal_symbol ("fixup", NULL, objfile);
453 if (fixup && SYMBOL_VALUE_ADDRESS (fixup) == pc)
454 return (DEPRECATED_SAVED_PC_AFTER_CALL (get_current_frame ()));
460 /* See the comments for SKIP_SOLIB_RESOLVER at the top of infrun.c.
462 1) decides whether a PLT has sent us into the linker to resolve
463 a function reference, and
464 2) if so, tells us where to set a temporary breakpoint that will
465 trigger when the dynamic linker is done. */
468 arm_linux_skip_solib_resolver (CORE_ADDR pc)
472 /* Plug in functions for other kinds of resolvers here. */
473 result = skip_hurd_resolver (pc);
481 /* The constants below were determined by examining the following files
482 in the linux kernel sources:
484 arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
485 - see SWI_SYS_SIGRETURN and SWI_SYS_RT_SIGRETURN
486 include/asm-arm/unistd.h
487 - see __NR_sigreturn, __NR_rt_sigreturn, and __NR_SYSCALL_BASE */
489 #define ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR 0xef900077
490 #define ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR 0xef9000ad
492 /* arm_linux_in_sigtramp determines if PC points at one of the
493 instructions which cause control to return to the Linux kernel upon
494 return from a signal handler. FUNC_NAME is unused. */
497 arm_linux_in_sigtramp (CORE_ADDR pc, char *func_name)
501 inst = read_memory_integer (pc, 4);
503 return (inst == ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR
504 || inst == ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR);
508 /* arm_linux_sigcontext_register_address returns the address in the
509 sigcontext of register REGNO given a stack pointer value SP and
510 program counter value PC. The value 0 is returned if PC is not
511 pointing at one of the signal return instructions or if REGNO is
512 not saved in the sigcontext struct. */
515 arm_linux_sigcontext_register_address (CORE_ADDR sp, CORE_ADDR pc, int regno)
518 CORE_ADDR reg_addr = 0;
520 inst = read_memory_integer (pc, 4);
522 if (inst == ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR
523 || inst == ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR)
525 CORE_ADDR sigcontext_addr;
527 /* The sigcontext structure is at different places for the two
528 signal return instructions. For ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR,
529 it starts at the SP value. For ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR,
530 it is at SP+8. For the latter instruction, it may also be
531 the case that the address of this structure may be determined
532 by reading the 4 bytes at SP, but I'm not convinced this is
535 In any event, these magic constants (0 and 8) may be
536 determined by examining struct sigframe and struct
537 rt_sigframe in arch/arm/kernel/signal.c in the Linux kernel
540 if (inst == ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR)
541 sigcontext_addr = sp + 8;
542 else /* inst == ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR */
543 sigcontext_addr = sp + 0;
545 /* The layout of the sigcontext structure for ARM GNU/Linux is
546 in include/asm-arm/sigcontext.h in the Linux kernel sources.
548 There are three 4-byte fields which precede the saved r0
549 field. (This accounts for the 12 in the code below.) The
550 sixteen registers (4 bytes per field) follow in order. The
551 PSR value follows the sixteen registers which accounts for
552 the constant 19 below. */
554 if (0 <= regno && regno <= ARM_PC_REGNUM)
555 reg_addr = sigcontext_addr + 12 + (4 * regno);
556 else if (regno == ARM_PS_REGNUM)
557 reg_addr = sigcontext_addr + 19 * 4;
564 arm_linux_init_abi (struct gdbarch_info info,
565 struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
567 struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);
569 tdep->lowest_pc = 0x8000;
570 if (info.byte_order == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG)
571 tdep->arm_breakpoint = arm_linux_arm_be_breakpoint;
573 tdep->arm_breakpoint = arm_linux_arm_le_breakpoint;
574 tdep->arm_breakpoint_size = sizeof (arm_linux_arm_le_breakpoint);
576 tdep->fp_model = ARM_FLOAT_FPA;
578 tdep->jb_pc = ARM_LINUX_JB_PC;
579 tdep->jb_elt_size = ARM_LINUX_JB_ELEMENT_SIZE;
581 set_solib_svr4_fetch_link_map_offsets
582 (gdbarch, arm_linux_svr4_fetch_link_map_offsets);
584 set_gdbarch_deprecated_call_dummy_words (gdbarch, arm_linux_call_dummy_words);
585 set_gdbarch_deprecated_sizeof_call_dummy_words (gdbarch, sizeof (arm_linux_call_dummy_words));
587 /* The following two overrides shouldn't be needed. */
588 set_gdbarch_deprecated_extract_return_value (gdbarch, arm_linux_extract_return_value);
589 set_gdbarch_deprecated_push_arguments (gdbarch, arm_linux_push_arguments);
591 /* Shared library handling. */
592 set_gdbarch_in_solib_call_trampoline (gdbarch, in_plt_section);
593 set_gdbarch_skip_trampoline_code (gdbarch, find_solib_trampoline_target);
597 _initialize_arm_linux_tdep (void)
599 gdbarch_register_osabi (bfd_arch_arm, 0, GDB_OSABI_LINUX,