1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 # Copyright (c) 2016, Google Inc.
4 # U-Boot Verified Boot Test
7 This tests verified boot in the following ways:
9 For image verification:
10 - Create FIT (unsigned) with mkimage
11 - Check that verification shows that no keys are verified
13 - Check that verification shows that a key is now verified
15 For configuration verification:
16 - Corrupt signature and check for failure
17 - Create FIT (with unsigned configuration) with mkimage
18 - Check that image verification works
19 - Sign the FIT and mark the key as 'required' for verification
20 - Check that image verification works
21 - Corrupt the signature
22 - Check that image verification no-longer works
24 For pre-load header verification:
25 - Create FIT image with a pre-load header
26 - Check that signature verification succeeds
27 - Corrupt the FIT image
28 - Check that signature verification fails
29 - Launch an FIT image without a pre-load header
30 - Check that image verification fails
32 Tests run with both SHA1 and SHA256 hashing.
39 import u_boot_utils as util
43 # Only run the full suite on a few combinations, since it doesn't add any more
46 ['sha1-basic', 'sha1', '', None, False, True, False, False],
47 ['sha1-pad', 'sha1', '', '-E -p 0x10000', False, False, False, False],
48 ['sha1-pss', 'sha1', '-pss', None, False, False, False, False],
49 ['sha1-pss-pad', 'sha1', '-pss', '-E -p 0x10000', False, False, False, False],
50 ['sha256-basic', 'sha256', '', None, False, False, False, False],
51 ['sha256-pad', 'sha256', '', '-E -p 0x10000', False, False, False, False],
52 ['sha256-pss', 'sha256', '-pss', None, False, False, False, False],
53 ['sha256-pss-pad', 'sha256', '-pss', '-E -p 0x10000', False, False, False, False],
54 ['sha256-pss-required', 'sha256', '-pss', None, True, False, False, False],
55 ['sha256-pss-pad-required', 'sha256', '-pss', '-E -p 0x10000', True, True, False, False],
56 ['sha384-basic', 'sha384', '', None, False, False, False, False],
57 ['sha384-pad', 'sha384', '', '-E -p 0x10000', False, False, False, False],
58 ['algo-arg', 'algo-arg', '', '-o sha256,rsa2048', False, False, True, False],
59 ['sha256-global-sign', 'sha256', '', '', False, False, False, True],
60 ['sha256-global-sign-pss', 'sha256', '-pss', '', False, False, False, True],
63 # Mark all but the first test as slow, so they are not run with '-k not slow'
64 TESTDATA = [TESTDATA_IN[0]]
65 TESTDATA += [pytest.param(*v, marks=pytest.mark.slow) for v in TESTDATA_IN[1:]]
67 @pytest.mark.boardspec('sandbox')
68 @pytest.mark.buildconfigspec('fit_signature')
69 @pytest.mark.requiredtool('dtc')
70 @pytest.mark.requiredtool('fdtget')
71 @pytest.mark.requiredtool('fdtput')
72 @pytest.mark.requiredtool('openssl')
73 @pytest.mark.parametrize("name,sha_algo,padding,sign_options,required,full_test,algo_arg,global_sign",
75 def test_vboot(u_boot_console, name, sha_algo, padding, sign_options, required,
76 full_test, algo_arg, global_sign):
77 """Test verified boot signing with mkimage and verification with 'bootm'.
79 This works using sandbox only as it needs to update the device tree used
80 by U-Boot to hold public keys from the signing process.
82 The SHA1 and SHA256 tests are combined into a single test since the
83 key-generation process is quite slow and we want to avoid doing it twice.
86 """Run the device tree compiler to compile a .dts file
88 The output file will be the same as the input file but with a .dtb
92 dts: Device tree file to compile.
94 dtb = dts.replace('.dts', '.dtb')
95 util.run_and_log(cons, 'dtc %s %s%s -O dtb '
96 '-o %s%s' % (dtc_args, datadir, dts, tmpdir, dtb))
98 def dtc_options(dts, options):
99 """Run the device tree compiler to compile a .dts file
101 The output file will be the same as the input file but with a .dtb
105 dts: Device tree file to compile.
106 options: Options provided to the compiler.
108 dtb = dts.replace('.dts', '.dtb')
109 util.run_and_log(cons, 'dtc %s %s%s -O dtb '
110 '-o %s%s %s' % (dtc_args, datadir, dts, tmpdir, dtb, options))
113 """Run binman to build an image
116 dtb: Device tree file used as input file.
118 pythonpath = os.environ.get('PYTHONPATH', '')
119 os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = pythonpath + ':' + '%s/../scripts/dtc/pylibfdt' % tmpdir
120 util.run_and_log(cons, [binman, 'build', '-d', "%s/%s" % (tmpdir,dtb),
121 '-a', "pre-load-key-path=%s" % tmpdir, '-O',
122 tmpdir, '-I', tmpdir])
123 os.environ['PYTHONPATH'] = pythonpath
125 def run_bootm(sha_algo, test_type, expect_string, boots, fit=None):
126 """Run a 'bootm' command U-Boot.
128 This always starts a fresh U-Boot instance since the device tree may
129 contain a new public key.
132 test_type: A string identifying the test type.
133 expect_string: A string which is expected in the output.
134 sha_algo: Either 'sha1' or 'sha256', to select the algorithm to
136 boots: A boolean that is True if Linux should boot and False if
137 we are expected to not boot
138 fit: FIT filename to load and verify
141 fit = '%stest.fit' % tmpdir
143 with cons.log.section('Verified boot %s %s' % (sha_algo, test_type)):
144 output = cons.run_command_list(
145 ['host load hostfs - 100 %s' % fit,
148 assert expect_string in ''.join(output)
150 assert 'sandbox: continuing, as we cannot run' in ''.join(output)
152 assert('sandbox: continuing, as we cannot run'
153 not in ''.join(output))
156 """Make a new FIT from the .its source file.
158 This runs 'mkimage -f' to create a new FIT.
161 its: Filename containing .its source.
163 util.run_and_log(cons, [mkimage, '-D', dtc_args, '-f',
164 '%s%s' % (datadir, its), fit])
166 def sign_fit(sha_algo, options):
169 Signs the FIT and writes the signature into it. It also writes the
170 public key into the dtb.
173 sha_algo: Either 'sha1' or 'sha256', to select the algorithm to
175 options: Options to provide to mkimage.
177 args = [mkimage, '-F', '-k', tmpdir, '-K', dtb, '-r', fit]
179 args += options.split(' ')
180 cons.log.action('%s: Sign images' % sha_algo)
181 util.run_and_log(cons, args)
183 def sign_fit_dtb(sha_algo, options, dtb):
186 Signs the FIT and writes the signature into it. It also writes the
187 public key into the dtb.
190 sha_algo: Either 'sha1' or 'sha256', to select the algorithm to
192 options: Options to provide to mkimage.
194 args = [mkimage, '-F', '-k', tmpdir, '-K', dtb, '-r', fit]
196 args += options.split(' ')
197 cons.log.action('%s: Sign images' % sha_algo)
198 util.run_and_log(cons, args)
200 def sign_fit_norequire(sha_algo, options):
203 Signs the FIT and writes the signature into it. It also writes the
204 public key into the dtb. It does not mark key as 'required' in dtb.
207 sha_algo: Either 'sha1' or 'sha256', to select the algorithm to
209 options: Options to provide to mkimage.
211 args = [mkimage, '-F', '-k', tmpdir, '-K', dtb, fit]
213 args += options.split(' ')
214 cons.log.action('%s: Sign images' % sha_algo)
215 util.run_and_log(cons, args)
217 def replace_fit_totalsize(size):
218 """Replace FIT header's totalsize with something greater.
220 The totalsize must be less than or equal to FIT_SIGNATURE_MAX_SIZE.
221 If the size is greater, the signature verification should return false.
224 size: The new totalsize of the header
227 prev_size: The previous totalsize read from the header
230 with open(fit, 'r+b') as handle:
232 total_size = handle.read(4)
234 handle.write(struct.pack(">I", size))
235 return struct.unpack(">I", total_size)[0]
237 def corrupt_file(fit, offset, value):
240 To corrupt a file, a value is written at the specified offset
243 fit: The file to corrupt
244 offset: Offset to write
247 with open(fit, 'r+b') as handle:
249 handle.write(struct.pack(">I", value))
251 def create_rsa_pair(name):
252 """Generate a new RSA key paid and certificate
255 name: Name of of the key (e.g. 'dev')
257 public_exponent = 65537
259 if sha_algo == "sha384":
260 rsa_keygen_bits = 3072
262 rsa_keygen_bits = 2048
264 util.run_and_log(cons, 'openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out %s%s.key '
265 '-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:%d '
266 '-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_pubexp:%d' %
267 (tmpdir, name, rsa_keygen_bits, public_exponent))
269 # Create a certificate containing the public key
270 util.run_and_log(cons, 'openssl req -batch -new -x509 -key %s%s.key '
271 '-out %s%s.crt' % (tmpdir, name, tmpdir, name))
273 def test_with_algo(sha_algo, padding, sign_options):
274 """Test verified boot with the given hash algorithm.
276 This is the main part of the test code. The same procedure is followed
277 for both hashing algorithms.
280 sha_algo: Either 'sha1' or 'sha256', to select the algorithm to
282 padding: Either '' or '-pss', to select the padding to use for the
283 rsa signature algorithm.
284 sign_options: Options to mkimage when signing a fit image.
286 # Compile our device tree files for kernel and U-Boot. These are
287 # regenerated here since mkimage will modify them (by adding a
289 dtc('sandbox-kernel.dts')
290 dtc('sandbox-u-boot.dts')
292 # Build the FIT, but don't sign anything yet
293 cons.log.action('%s: Test FIT with signed images' % sha_algo)
294 make_fit('sign-images-%s%s.its' % (sha_algo, padding))
295 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'unsigned images', ' - OK' if algo_arg else 'dev-', True)
297 # Sign images with our dev keys
298 sign_fit(sha_algo, sign_options)
299 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'signed images', 'dev+', True)
301 # Create a fresh .dtb without the public keys
302 dtc('sandbox-u-boot.dts')
304 cons.log.action('%s: Test FIT with signed configuration' % sha_algo)
305 make_fit('sign-configs-%s%s.its' % (sha_algo, padding))
306 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'unsigned config', '%s+ OK' % ('sha256' if algo_arg else sha_algo), True)
308 # Sign images with our dev keys
309 sign_fit(sha_algo, sign_options)
310 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'signed config', 'dev+', True)
312 cons.log.action('%s: Check signed config on the host' % sha_algo)
314 util.run_and_log(cons, [fit_check_sign, '-f', fit, '-k', dtb])
317 # Make sure that U-Boot checks that the config is in the list of
318 # hashed nodes. If it isn't, a security bypass is possible.
319 ffit = '%stest.forged.fit' % tmpdir
320 shutil.copyfile(fit, ffit)
321 with open(ffit, 'rb') as fd:
322 root, strblock = vboot_forge.read_fdt(fd)
323 root, strblock = vboot_forge.manipulate(root, strblock)
324 with open(ffit, 'w+b') as fd:
325 vboot_forge.write_fdt(root, strblock, fd)
326 util.run_and_log_expect_exception(
327 cons, [fit_check_sign, '-f', ffit, '-k', dtb],
328 1, 'Failed to verify required signature')
330 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'forged config', 'Bad Data Hash', False, ffit)
332 # Try adding an evil root node. This should be detected.
333 efit = '%stest.evilf.fit' % tmpdir
334 shutil.copyfile(fit, efit)
335 vboot_evil.add_evil_node(fit, efit, evil_kernel, 'fakeroot')
337 util.run_and_log_expect_exception(
338 cons, [fit_check_sign, '-f', efit, '-k', dtb],
339 1, 'Failed to verify required signature')
340 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'evil fakeroot', 'Bad FIT kernel image format',
343 # Try adding an @ to the kernel node name. This should be detected.
344 efit = '%stest.evilk.fit' % tmpdir
345 shutil.copyfile(fit, efit)
346 vboot_evil.add_evil_node(fit, efit, evil_kernel, 'kernel@')
348 msg = 'Signature checking prevents use of unit addresses (@) in nodes'
349 util.run_and_log_expect_exception(
350 cons, [fit_check_sign, '-f', efit, '-k', dtb],
352 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'evil kernel@', msg, False, efit)
354 # Create a new properly signed fit and replace header bytes
355 make_fit('sign-configs-%s%s.its' % (sha_algo, padding))
356 sign_fit(sha_algo, sign_options)
357 bcfg = u_boot_console.config.buildconfig
358 max_size = int(bcfg.get('config_fit_signature_max_size', 0x10000000), 0)
359 existing_size = replace_fit_totalsize(max_size + 1)
360 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'Signed config with bad hash', 'Bad Data Hash',
362 cons.log.action('%s: Check overflowed FIT header totalsize' % sha_algo)
364 # Replace with existing header bytes
365 replace_fit_totalsize(existing_size)
366 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'signed config', 'dev+', True)
367 cons.log.action('%s: Check default FIT header totalsize' % sha_algo)
369 # Increment the first byte of the signature, which should cause failure
370 sig = util.run_and_log(cons, 'fdtget -t bx %s %s value' %
372 byte_list = sig.split()
373 byte = int(byte_list[0], 16)
374 byte_list[0] = '%x' % (byte + 1)
375 sig = ' '.join(byte_list)
376 util.run_and_log(cons, 'fdtput -t bx %s %s value %s' %
377 (fit, sig_node, sig))
379 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'Signed config with bad hash', 'Bad Data Hash',
382 cons.log.action('%s: Check bad config on the host' % sha_algo)
383 util.run_and_log_expect_exception(
384 cons, [fit_check_sign, '-f', fit, '-k', dtb],
385 1, 'Failed to verify required signature')
387 def test_required_key(sha_algo, padding, sign_options):
388 """Test verified boot with the given hash algorithm.
390 This function tests if U-Boot rejects an image when a required key isn't
394 sha_algo: Either 'sha1' or 'sha256', to select the algorithm to use
395 padding: Either '' or '-pss', to select the padding to use for the
396 rsa signature algorithm.
397 sign_options: Options to mkimage when signing a fit image.
399 # Compile our device tree files for kernel and U-Boot. These are
400 # regenerated here since mkimage will modify them (by adding a
402 dtc('sandbox-kernel.dts')
403 dtc('sandbox-u-boot.dts')
405 cons.log.action('%s: Test FIT with configs images' % sha_algo)
407 # Build the FIT with prod key (keys required) and sign it. This puts the
408 # signature into sandbox-u-boot.dtb, marked 'required'
409 make_fit('sign-configs-%s%s-prod.its' % (sha_algo, padding))
410 sign_fit(sha_algo, sign_options)
412 # Build the FIT with dev key (keys NOT required). This adds the
413 # signature into sandbox-u-boot.dtb, NOT marked 'required'.
414 make_fit('sign-configs-%s%s.its' % (sha_algo, padding))
415 sign_fit_norequire(sha_algo, sign_options)
417 # So now sandbox-u-boot.dtb two signatures, for the prod and dev keys.
418 # Only the prod key is set as 'required'. But FIT we just built has
419 # a dev signature only (sign_fit_norequire() overwrites the FIT).
420 # Try to boot the FIT with dev key. This FIT should not be accepted by
421 # U-Boot because the prod key is required.
422 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'required key', '', False)
424 # Build the FIT with dev key (keys required) and sign it. This puts the
425 # signature into sandbox-u-boot.dtb, marked 'required'.
426 make_fit('sign-configs-%s%s.its' % (sha_algo, padding))
427 sign_fit(sha_algo, sign_options)
429 # Set the required-mode policy to "any".
430 # So now sandbox-u-boot.dtb two signatures, for the prod and dev keys.
431 # Both the dev and prod key are set as 'required'. But FIT we just built has
432 # a dev signature only (sign_fit() overwrites the FIT).
433 # Try to boot the FIT with dev key. This FIT should be accepted by
434 # U-Boot because the dev key is required and policy is "any" required key.
435 util.run_and_log(cons, 'fdtput -t s %s /signature required-mode any' %
437 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'multi required key', 'dev+', True)
439 # Set the required-mode policy to "all".
440 # So now sandbox-u-boot.dtb two signatures, for the prod and dev keys.
441 # Both the dev and prod key are set as 'required'. But FIT we just built has
442 # a dev signature only (sign_fit() overwrites the FIT).
443 # Try to boot the FIT with dev key. This FIT should not be accepted by
444 # U-Boot because the prod key is required and policy is "all" required key
445 util.run_and_log(cons, 'fdtput -t s %s /signature required-mode all' %
447 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'multi required key', '', False)
449 def test_global_sign(sha_algo, padding, sign_options):
450 """Test global image signature with the given hash algorithm and padding.
453 sha_algo: Either 'sha1' or 'sha256', to select the algorithm to use
454 padding: Either '' or '-pss', to select the padding to use for the
455 rsa signature algorithm.
458 dtb = '%ssandbox-u-boot-global%s.dtb' % (tmpdir, padding)
459 cons.config.dtb = dtb
461 # Compile our device tree files for kernel and U-Boot. These are
462 # regenerated here since mkimage will modify them (by adding a
464 dtc('sandbox-kernel.dts')
465 dtc_options('sandbox-u-boot-global%s.dts' % padding, '-p 1024')
467 # Build the FIT with dev key (keys NOT required). This adds the
468 # signature into sandbox-u-boot.dtb, NOT marked 'required'.
469 make_fit('simple-images.its')
470 sign_fit_dtb(sha_algo, '', dtb)
472 # Build the dtb for binman that define the pre-load header
473 # with the global sigature.
474 dtc('sandbox-binman%s.dts' % padding)
476 # Run binman to create the final image with the not signed fit
477 # and the pre-load header that contains the global signature.
478 run_binman('sandbox-binman%s.dtb' % padding)
480 # Check that the signature is correctly verified by u-boot
481 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'global image signature',
482 'signature check has succeed', True, "%ssandbox.img" % tmpdir)
484 # Corrupt the image (just one byte after the pre-load header)
485 corrupt_file("%ssandbox.img" % tmpdir, 4096, 255);
487 # Check that the signature verification fails
488 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'global image signature',
489 'signature check has failed', False, "%ssandbox.img" % tmpdir)
491 # Check that the boot fails if the global signature is not provided
492 run_bootm(sha_algo, 'global image signature', 'signature is mandatory', False)
494 cons = u_boot_console
495 tmpdir = os.path.join(cons.config.result_dir, name) + '/'
496 if not os.path.exists(tmpdir):
498 datadir = cons.config.source_dir + '/test/py/tests/vboot/'
499 fit = '%stest.fit' % tmpdir
500 mkimage = cons.config.build_dir + '/tools/mkimage'
501 binman = cons.config.source_dir + '/tools/binman/binman'
502 fit_check_sign = cons.config.build_dir + '/tools/fit_check_sign'
503 dtc_args = '-I dts -O dtb -i %s' % tmpdir
504 dtb = '%ssandbox-u-boot.dtb' % tmpdir
505 sig_node = '/configurations/conf-1/signature'
507 create_rsa_pair('dev')
508 create_rsa_pair('prod')
510 # Create a number kernel image with zeroes
511 with open('%stest-kernel.bin' % tmpdir, 'wb') as fd:
512 fd.write(500 * b'\0')
514 # Create a second kernel image with ones
515 evil_kernel = '%stest-kernel1.bin' % tmpdir
516 with open(evil_kernel, 'wb') as fd:
517 fd.write(500 * b'\x01')
520 # We need to use our own device tree file. Remember to restore it
522 old_dtb = cons.config.dtb
523 cons.config.dtb = dtb
525 test_global_sign(sha_algo, padding, sign_options)
527 test_required_key(sha_algo, padding, sign_options)
529 test_with_algo(sha_algo, padding, sign_options)
531 # Go back to the original U-Boot with the correct dtb.
532 cons.config.dtb = old_dtb