1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+:
6 The following Coding Style requirements shall be mandatory for all code contributed to
9 Exceptions are only allowed if code from other projects is integrated with no
10 or only minimal changes.
12 The following rules apply:
14 * All contributions to U-Boot should conform to the `Linux kernel
15 coding style <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/coding-style.html>`_
16 and the `Lindent script <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/scripts/Lindent>`_.
17 * The exception for net files to the `multi-line comment
18 <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/coding-style.html#commenting>`_
19 applies only to Linux, not to U-Boot. Only large hunks which are copied
20 unchanged from Linux may retain that comment format.
22 * Python code shall conform to `PEP8 (Style Guide for Python Code)
23 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/>`_. Use `pylint
24 <https://github.com/pylint-dev/pylint>`_ for checking the code.
26 * Use patman to send your patches (``tools/patman/patman -H`` for full
27 instructions). With a few tags in your commits this will check your patches
28 and take care of emailing them.
30 * If you don't use patman, make sure to run ``scripts/checkpatch.pl``. For
31 more information, read :doc:`checkpatch`. Note that this should be done
32 *before* posting on the mailing list!
34 * Source files originating from different projects (for example the MTD
35 subsystem or the hush shell code from the BusyBox project) may, after
36 careful consideration, be exempted from these rules. For such files, the
37 original coding style may be kept to ease subsequent migration to newer
38 versions of those sources.
40 * Please also stick to the following formatting rules:
42 * Remove any trailing white space
44 * Use TAB characters for indentation and vertical alignment, not spaces
46 * The exception here is Python which requires 4 spaces instead.
48 * All source files need to be in "Unix" and not "DOS" or "Windows" format,
49 with respect to line ends.
51 * Do not add more than 2 consecutive empty lines to source files
53 * Do not add trailing empty lines to source files
55 * Using the option ``git config --global color.diff auto`` will help to
56 visually see whitespace problems in ``diff`` output from ``git``.
58 * In Emacs one can use ``=M-x whitespace-global-mode=`` to get visual
59 feedback on the nasty details. ``=M-x whitespace-cleanup=`` does The Right
62 Submissions of new code or patches that do not conform to these requirements
63 shall be rejected with a request to reformat the changes.
65 U-Boot Code Documentation
66 -------------------------
68 U-Boot adopted the kernel-doc annotation style, this is the only exception from
69 multi-line comment rule of Coding Style. While not mandatory, adding
70 documentation is strongly advised. The Linux kernel `kernel-doc
71 <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/doc-guide/kernel-doc.html>`_
72 documentation applies with no changes.
74 Our Python code documentation follows `PEP257 (Docstring Conventions)
75 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0257/>`_.
77 Use structures for I/O access
78 -----------------------------
80 U-Boot typically uses a C structure to map out the registers in an I/O region,
81 rather than offsets. The reasons for this are:
83 * It dissociates the register location (offset) from the register type, which
84 means the developer has to make sure the type is right for each access,
85 whereas with the struct method, this is checked by the compiler;
87 * It avoids actually writing all offsets, which is (more) error-prone;
89 * It allows for better compile time sanity-checking of values we write to registers.
91 Some reasons why you might not use C structures:
93 * Where the registers appear at different offsets in different hardware
94 revisions supported by the same driver
96 * Where the driver only uses a small subset of registers and it is not worth
97 defining a struct to cover them all, with large empty regions
99 * Where the offset of a register might be hard to figure out when buried a long
100 way down a structure, possibly with embedded sub-structures
102 * This may need to change to the kernel model if we allow for more run-time
103 detection of what drivers are appropriate for what we're running on.
105 Please use the check_member() macro to verify that your structure is the
106 expected size, or that particular members appear at the right offset.
111 You should follow this ordering in U-Boot. In all cases, they should be listed
112 in alphabetical order. First comes headers which are located directly in our
113 top-level include diretory. Second are headers within subdirectories, Finally
114 directory-local includes should be listed. See this example:
118 #include <bootstage.h>
122 #include <asm/arch/...>
123 #include <dm/device_compat.h>
127 For files that need to be compiled for the host (e.g. tools), you need to use
128 ``#ifndef USE_HOSTCC`` to avoid including U-Boot specific include files. See
129 common/image.c for an example.
131 If your file uses driver model, include <dm.h> in the C file. Do not include
132 dm.h in a header file. Try to use forward declarations (e.g. ``struct
138 For .c and .h files try to use underscore rather than hyphen unless you want
139 the file to stand out (e.g. driver-model uclasses should be named xxx-uclass.h.
140 Avoid upper case and keep the names fairly short.
142 Function and struct comments
143 ----------------------------
145 Non-trivial functions should have a comment which describes what they do. If it
146 is an exported function, put the comment in the header file so the API is in
147 one place. If it is a static function, put it in the C file.
149 If the function returns errors, mention that and list the different errors that
150 are returned. If it is merely passing errors back from a function it calls,
151 then you can skip that.
154 <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/doc-guide/kernel-doc.html#function-documentation>`_
160 When declaring a device, try to use ``struct udevice *dev``, i.e. ``dev`` as the name:
166 Use ``ret`` as the return value:
173 ret = uclass_first_device_err(UCLASS_ACPI_PMC, &dev);
175 return log_msg_ret("pmc", dev);
177 Consider using log_ret() or log_msg_ret() to return a value (see above).
179 Add a ``p`` suffix on return arguments:
183 int dm_pci_find_class(uint find_class, int index, struct udevice **devp)
191 There are standard variable names that you should use in drivers:
193 * ``struct xxx_priv`` and ``priv`` for dev_get_priv()
195 * ``struct xxx_plat`` and ``plat`` for dev_get_platdata()
201 struct simple_bus_plat {
207 /* Davinci MMC board definitions */
208 struct davinci_mmc_priv {
209 struct davinci_mmc_regs *reg_base; /* Register base address */
210 uint input_clk; /* Input clock to MMC controller */
211 struct gpio_desc cd_gpio; /* Card Detect GPIO */
212 struct gpio_desc wp_gpio; /* Write Protect GPIO */
215 struct rcar_gpio_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(dev);
217 struct pl01x_serial_platdata *plat = dev_get_platdata(dev);
224 * Put a blank line before the last ``return`` in a function unless it is the only line:
228 struct udevice *pci_get_controller(struct udevice *dev)
230 while (device_is_on_pci_bus(dev))
239 Please add tests when you add code. Please change or expand tests when you change code.
244 make qcheck (skips some tests)
246 Python tests are in test/py/tests - see the docs in test/py for info.
248 Try to write your tests in C if you can. For example, tests to check a command
249 will be much faster (10-100x or more) if they can directly call run_command()
250 and ut_check_console_line() instead of using Python to send commands over a
253 Tests run all supported CI systems (GitLab, Azure) using scripts in the root of