1 /* ******************************************************************
4 * Copyright (c) Yann Collet, Facebook, Inc.
6 * You can contact the author at :
7 * - Source repository : https://github.com/Cyan4973/FiniteStateEntropy
9 * This source code is licensed under both the BSD-style license (found in the
10 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree) and the GPLv2 (found
11 * in the COPYING file in the root directory of this source tree).
12 * You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.
13 ****************************************************************** */
14 #ifndef BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
15 #define BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
18 * This API consists of small unitary functions, which must be inlined for best performance.
19 * Since link-time-optimization is not available for all compilers,
20 * these functions are defined into a .h to be included.
23 /*-****************************************
25 ******************************************/
26 #include "mem.h" /* unaligned access routines */
27 #include "compiler.h" /* UNLIKELY() */
28 #include "debug.h" /* assert(), DEBUGLOG(), RAWLOG() */
29 #include "error_private.h" /* error codes and messages */
31 /*=========================================
33 =========================================*/
35 #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 25
36 #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64 57
37 #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN ((U32)(MEM_32bits() ? STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 : STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64))
39 /*-******************************************
40 * bitStream encoding API (write forward)
41 ********************************************/
42 /* bitStream can mix input from multiple sources.
43 * A critical property of these streams is that they encode and decode in **reverse** direction.
44 * So the first bit sequence you add will be the last to be read, like a LIFO stack.
54 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, void* dstBuffer, size_t dstCapacity);
55 MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
56 MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
57 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
59 /* Start with initCStream, providing the size of buffer to write into.
60 * bitStream will never write outside of this buffer.
61 * `dstCapacity` must be >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise @return will be an error code.
63 * bits are first added to a local register.
64 * Local register is size_t, hence 64-bits on 64-bits systems, or 32-bits on 32-bits systems.
65 * Writing data into memory is an explicit operation, performed by the flushBits function.
66 * Hence keep track how many bits are potentially stored into local register to avoid register overflow.
67 * After a flushBits, a maximum of 7 bits might still be stored into local register.
69 * Avoid storing elements of more than 24 bits if you want compatibility with 32-bits bitstream readers.
71 * Last operation is to close the bitStream.
72 * The function returns the final size of CStream in bytes.
73 * If data couldn't fit into `dstBuffer`, it will return a 0 ( == not storable)
76 /*-********************************************
77 * bitStream decoding API (read backward)
78 **********************************************/
81 unsigned bitsConsumed;
87 typedef enum { BIT_DStream_unfinished = 0,
88 BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer = 1,
89 BIT_DStream_completed = 2,
90 BIT_DStream_overflow = 3 } BIT_DStream_status; /* result of BIT_reloadDStream() */
91 /* 1,2,4,8 would be better for bitmap combinations, but slows down performance a bit ... :( */
93 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize);
94 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
95 MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
96 MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
98 /* Start by invoking BIT_initDStream().
99 * A chunk of the bitStream is then stored into a local register.
100 * Local register size is 64-bits on 64-bits systems, 32-bits on 32-bits systems (size_t).
101 * You can then retrieve bitFields stored into the local register, **in reverse order**.
102 * Local register is explicitly reloaded from memory by the BIT_reloadDStream() method.
103 * A reload guarantee a minimum of ((8*sizeof(bitD->bitContainer))-7) bits when its result is BIT_DStream_unfinished.
104 * Otherwise, it can be less than that, so proceed accordingly.
105 * Checking if DStream has reached its end can be performed with BIT_endOfDStream().
108 /*-****************************************
110 ******************************************/
111 MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
112 /* faster, but works only if value is "clean", meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
114 MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
115 /* unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
117 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
118 /* faster, but works only if nbBits >= 1 */
120 /*-**************************************************************
122 ****************************************************************/
123 MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_highbit32 (U32 val)
127 # if (__GNUC__ >= 3) /* Use GCC Intrinsic */
128 return __builtin_clz (val) ^ 31;
129 # else /* Software version */
130 static const unsigned DeBruijnClz[32] = { 0, 9, 1, 10, 13, 21, 2, 29,
131 11, 14, 16, 18, 22, 25, 3, 30,
132 8, 12, 20, 28, 15, 17, 24, 7,
133 19, 27, 23, 6, 26, 5, 4, 31 };
140 return DeBruijnClz[ (U32) (v * 0x07C4ACDDU) >> 27];
145 /*===== Local Constants =====*/
146 static const unsigned BIT_mask[] = {
147 0, 1, 3, 7, 0xF, 0x1F,
148 0x3F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x1FF, 0x3FF, 0x7FF,
149 0xFFF, 0x1FFF, 0x3FFF, 0x7FFF, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFF,
150 0x3FFFF, 0x7FFFF, 0xFFFFF, 0x1FFFFF, 0x3FFFFF, 0x7FFFFF,
151 0xFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFF, 0x3FFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFFF,
152 0x3FFFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFFF}; /* up to 31 bits */
153 #define BIT_MASK_SIZE (sizeof(BIT_mask) / sizeof(BIT_mask[0]))
155 /*-**************************************************************
157 ****************************************************************/
158 /*! BIT_initCStream() :
159 * `dstCapacity` must be > sizeof(size_t)
160 * @return : 0 if success,
161 * otherwise an error code (can be tested using ERR_isError()) */
162 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
163 void* startPtr, size_t dstCapacity)
165 bitC->bitContainer = 0;
167 bitC->startPtr = (char*)startPtr;
168 bitC->ptr = bitC->startPtr;
169 bitC->endPtr = bitC->startPtr + dstCapacity - sizeof(bitC->bitContainer);
170 if (dstCapacity <= sizeof(bitC->bitContainer)) return ERROR(dstSize_tooSmall);
175 * can add up to 31 bits into `bitC`.
176 * Note : does not check for register overflow ! */
177 MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
178 size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
180 DEBUG_STATIC_ASSERT(BIT_MASK_SIZE == 32);
181 assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
182 assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
183 bitC->bitContainer |= (value & BIT_mask[nbBits]) << bitC->bitPos;
184 bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
187 /*! BIT_addBitsFast() :
188 * works only if `value` is _clean_,
189 * meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
190 MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
191 size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
193 assert((value>>nbBits) == 0);
194 assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
195 bitC->bitContainer |= value << bitC->bitPos;
196 bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
199 /*! BIT_flushBitsFast() :
200 * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
201 * unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
202 MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
204 size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
205 assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
206 assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
207 MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
208 bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
210 bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
213 /*! BIT_flushBits() :
214 * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
215 * safe version; check for buffer overflow, and prevents it.
216 * note : does not signal buffer overflow.
217 * overflow will be revealed later on using BIT_closeCStream() */
218 MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
220 size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
221 assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
222 assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
223 MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
224 bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
225 if (bitC->ptr > bitC->endPtr) bitC->ptr = bitC->endPtr;
227 bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
230 /*! BIT_closeCStream() :
231 * @return : size of CStream, in bytes,
232 * or 0 if it could not fit into dstBuffer */
233 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
235 BIT_addBitsFast(bitC, 1, 1); /* endMark */
237 if (bitC->ptr >= bitC->endPtr) return 0; /* overflow detected */
238 return (bitC->ptr - bitC->startPtr) + (bitC->bitPos > 0);
241 /*-********************************************************
243 **********************************************************/
244 /*! BIT_initDStream() :
245 * Initialize a BIT_DStream_t.
246 * `bitD` : a pointer to an already allocated BIT_DStream_t structure.
247 * `srcSize` must be the *exact* size of the bitStream, in bytes.
248 * @return : size of stream (== srcSize), or an errorCode if a problem is detected
250 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize)
252 if (srcSize < 1) { ZSTD_memset(bitD, 0, sizeof(*bitD)); return ERROR(srcSize_wrong); }
254 bitD->start = (const char*)srcBuffer;
255 bitD->limitPtr = bitD->start + sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
257 if (srcSize >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)) { /* normal case */
258 bitD->ptr = (const char*)srcBuffer + srcSize - sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
259 bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
260 { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
261 bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0; /* ensures bitsConsumed is always set */
262 if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(GENERIC); /* endMark not present */ }
264 bitD->ptr = bitD->start;
265 bitD->bitContainer = *(const BYTE*)(bitD->start);
268 case 7: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[6]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 16);
271 case 6: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[5]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 24);
274 case 5: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[4]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 32);
277 case 4: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[3]) << 24;
280 case 3: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[2]) << 16;
283 case 2: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[1]) << 8;
288 { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
289 bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0;
290 if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(corruption_detected); /* endMark not present */
292 bitD->bitsConsumed += (U32)(sizeof(bitD->bitContainer) - srcSize)*8;
298 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getUpperBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start)
300 return bitContainer >> start;
303 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getMiddleBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start, U32 const nbBits)
305 U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitContainer)*8 - 1;
306 /* if start > regMask, bitstream is corrupted, and result is undefined */
307 assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
308 /* x86 transform & ((1 << nbBits) - 1) to bzhi instruction, it is better
309 * than accessing memory. When bmi2 instruction is not present, we consider
310 * such cpus old (pre-Haswell, 2013) and their performance is not of that
313 #if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X86)
314 return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & ((((U64)1) << nbBits) - 1);
316 return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & BIT_mask[nbBits];
320 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getLowerBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const nbBits)
322 assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
323 return bitContainer & BIT_mask[nbBits];
327 * Provides next n bits from local register.
328 * local register is not modified.
329 * On 32-bits, maxNbBits==24.
330 * On 64-bits, maxNbBits==56.
331 * @return : value extracted */
332 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_lookBits(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
334 /* arbitrate between double-shift and shift+mask */
336 /* if bitD->bitsConsumed + nbBits > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8,
337 * bitstream is likely corrupted, and result is undefined */
338 return BIT_getMiddleBits(bitD->bitContainer, (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) - bitD->bitsConsumed - nbBits, nbBits);
340 /* this code path is slower on my os-x laptop */
341 U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
342 return ((bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> 1) >> ((regMask-nbBits) & regMask);
346 /*! BIT_lookBitsFast() :
347 * unsafe version; only works if nbBits >= 1 */
348 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_lookBitsFast(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
350 U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
352 return (bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> (((regMask+1)-nbBits) & regMask);
355 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR void BIT_skipBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
357 bitD->bitsConsumed += nbBits;
361 * Read (consume) next n bits from local register and update.
362 * Pay attention to not read more than nbBits contained into local register.
363 * @return : extracted value. */
364 MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
366 size_t const value = BIT_lookBits(bitD, nbBits);
367 BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
371 /*! BIT_readBitsFast() :
372 * unsafe version; only works only if nbBits >= 1 */
373 MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
375 size_t const value = BIT_lookBitsFast(bitD, nbBits);
377 BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
381 /*! BIT_reloadDStreamFast() :
382 * Similar to BIT_reloadDStream(), but with two differences:
383 * 1. bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 must hold!
384 * 2. Returns BIT_DStream_overflow when bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr, at this
385 * point you must use BIT_reloadDStream() to reload.
387 MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStreamFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
389 if (UNLIKELY(bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr))
390 return BIT_DStream_overflow;
391 assert(bitD->bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8);
392 bitD->ptr -= bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
393 bitD->bitsConsumed &= 7;
394 bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
395 return BIT_DStream_unfinished;
398 /*! BIT_reloadDStream() :
399 * Refill `bitD` from buffer previously set in BIT_initDStream() .
400 * This function is safe, it guarantees it will not read beyond src buffer.
401 * @return : status of `BIT_DStream_t` internal register.
402 * when status == BIT_DStream_unfinished, internal register is filled with at least 25 or 57 bits */
403 MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
405 if (bitD->bitsConsumed > (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8)) /* overflow detected, like end of stream */
406 return BIT_DStream_overflow;
408 if (bitD->ptr >= bitD->limitPtr) {
409 return BIT_reloadDStreamFast(bitD);
411 if (bitD->ptr == bitD->start) {
412 if (bitD->bitsConsumed < sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) return BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
413 return BIT_DStream_completed;
415 /* start < ptr < limitPtr */
416 { U32 nbBytes = bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
417 BIT_DStream_status result = BIT_DStream_unfinished;
418 if (bitD->ptr - nbBytes < bitD->start) {
419 nbBytes = (U32)(bitD->ptr - bitD->start); /* ptr > start */
420 result = BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
422 bitD->ptr -= nbBytes;
423 bitD->bitsConsumed -= nbBytes*8;
424 bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr); /* reminder : srcSize > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise bitD->ptr == bitD->start */
429 /*! BIT_endOfDStream() :
430 * @return : 1 if DStream has _exactly_ reached its end (all bits consumed).
432 MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* DStream)
434 return ((DStream->ptr == DStream->start) && (DStream->bitsConsumed == sizeof(DStream->bitContainer)*8));
437 #endif /* BITSTREAM_H_MODULE */