2 * This file is part of UBIFS.
4 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
7 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
16 * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
17 * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
19 * Author: Adrian Hunter
25 * An orphan is an inode number whose inode node has been committed to the index
26 * with a link count of zero. That happens when an open file is deleted
27 * (unlinked) and then a commit is run. In the normal course of events the inode
28 * would be deleted when the file is closed. However in the case of an unclean
29 * unmount, orphans need to be accounted for. After an unclean unmount, the
30 * orphans' inodes must be deleted which means either scanning the entire index
31 * looking for them, or keeping a list on flash somewhere. This unit implements
32 * the latter approach.
34 * The orphan area is a fixed number of LEBs situated between the LPT area and
35 * the main area. The number of orphan area LEBs is specified when the file
36 * system is created. The minimum number is 1. The size of the orphan area
37 * should be so that it can hold the maximum number of orphans that are expected
38 * to ever exist at one time.
40 * The number of orphans that can fit in a LEB is:
42 * (c->leb_size - UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ) / sizeof(__le64)
44 * For example: a 15872 byte LEB can fit 1980 orphans so 1 LEB may be enough.
46 * Orphans are accumulated in a rb-tree. When an inode's link count drops to
47 * zero, the inode number is added to the rb-tree. It is removed from the tree
48 * when the inode is deleted. Any new orphans that are in the orphan tree when
49 * the commit is run, are written to the orphan area in 1 or more orphan nodes.
50 * If the orphan area is full, it is consolidated to make space. There is
51 * always enough space because validation prevents the user from creating more
52 * than the maximum number of orphans allowed.
56 * tot_avail_orphs - calculate total space.
57 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
59 * This function returns the number of orphans that can be written in half
60 * the total space. That leaves half the space for adding new orphans.
62 static int tot_avail_orphs(struct ubifs_info *c)
64 int avail_lebs, avail;
66 avail_lebs = c->orph_lebs;
68 ((c->leb_size - UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ) / sizeof(__le64));
73 * ubifs_clear_orphans - erase all LEBs used for orphans.
74 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
76 * If recovery is not required, then the orphans from the previous session
77 * are not needed. This function locates the LEBs used to record
78 * orphans, and un-maps them.
80 int ubifs_clear_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c)
84 for (lnum = c->orph_first; lnum <= c->orph_last; lnum++) {
85 err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
89 c->ohead_lnum = c->orph_first;
95 * insert_dead_orphan - insert an orphan.
96 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
97 * @inum: orphan inode number
99 * This function is a helper to the 'do_kill_orphans()' function. The orphan
100 * must be kept until the next commit, so it is added to the rb-tree and the
103 static int insert_dead_orphan(struct ubifs_info *c, ino_t inum)
105 struct ubifs_orphan *orphan, *o;
106 struct rb_node **p, *parent = NULL;
108 orphan = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_orphan), GFP_KERNEL);
113 p = &c->orph_tree.rb_node;
116 o = rb_entry(parent, struct ubifs_orphan, rb);
119 else if (inum > o->inum)
122 /* Already added - no problem */
128 rb_link_node(&orphan->rb, parent, p);
129 rb_insert_color(&orphan->rb, &c->orph_tree);
130 list_add_tail(&orphan->list, &c->orph_list);
131 orphan->dnext = c->orph_dnext;
132 c->orph_dnext = orphan;
133 dbg_mnt("ino %lu, new %d, tot %d", (unsigned long)inum,
134 c->new_orphans, c->tot_orphans);
139 * do_kill_orphans - remove orphan inodes from the index.
140 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
142 * @last_cmt_no: cmt_no of last orphan node read is passed and returned here
143 * @outofdate: whether the LEB is out of date is returned here
144 * @last_flagged: whether the end orphan node is encountered
146 * This function is a helper to the 'kill_orphans()' function. It goes through
147 * every orphan node in a LEB and for every inode number recorded, removes
148 * all keys for that inode from the TNC.
150 static int do_kill_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
151 unsigned long long *last_cmt_no, int *outofdate,
154 struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
155 struct ubifs_orph_node *orph;
156 unsigned long long cmt_no;
158 int i, n, err, first = 1;
160 list_for_each_entry(snod, &sleb->nodes, list) {
161 if (snod->type != UBIFS_ORPH_NODE) {
162 ubifs_err("invalid node type %d in orphan area at "
163 "%d:%d", snod->type, sleb->lnum, snod->offs);
164 dbg_dump_node(c, snod->node);
170 /* Check commit number */
171 cmt_no = le64_to_cpu(orph->cmt_no) & LLONG_MAX;
173 * The commit number on the master node may be less, because
174 * of a failed commit. If there are several failed commits in a
175 * row, the commit number written on orphan nodes will continue
176 * to increase (because the commit number is adjusted here) even
177 * though the commit number on the master node stays the same
178 * because the master node has not been re-written.
180 if (cmt_no > c->cmt_no)
182 if (cmt_no < *last_cmt_no && *last_flagged) {
184 * The last orphan node had a higher commit number and
185 * was flagged as the last written for that commit
186 * number. That makes this orphan node, out of date.
189 ubifs_err("out of order commit number %llu in "
190 "orphan node at %d:%d",
191 cmt_no, sleb->lnum, snod->offs);
192 dbg_dump_node(c, snod->node);
195 dbg_rcvry("out of date LEB %d", sleb->lnum);
203 n = (le32_to_cpu(orph->ch.len) - UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ) >> 3;
204 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
205 inum = le64_to_cpu(orph->inos[i]);
206 dbg_rcvry("deleting orphaned inode %lu",
207 (unsigned long)inum);
208 err = ubifs_tnc_remove_ino(c, inum);
211 err = insert_dead_orphan(c, inum);
216 *last_cmt_no = cmt_no;
217 if (le64_to_cpu(orph->cmt_no) & (1ULL << 63)) {
218 dbg_rcvry("last orph node for commit %llu at %d:%d",
219 cmt_no, sleb->lnum, snod->offs);
229 * kill_orphans - remove all orphan inodes from the index.
230 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
232 * If recovery is required, then orphan inodes recorded during the previous
233 * session (which ended with an unclean unmount) must be deleted from the index.
234 * This is done by updating the TNC, but since the index is not updated until
235 * the next commit, the LEBs where the orphan information is recorded are not
236 * erased until the next commit.
238 static int kill_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c)
240 unsigned long long last_cmt_no = 0;
241 int lnum, err = 0, outofdate = 0, last_flagged = 0;
243 c->ohead_lnum = c->orph_first;
245 /* Check no-orphans flag and skip this if no orphans */
247 dbg_rcvry("no orphans");
251 * Orph nodes always start at c->orph_first and are written to each
252 * successive LEB in turn. Generally unused LEBs will have been unmapped
253 * but may contain out of date orphan nodes if the unmap didn't go
254 * through. In addition, the last orphan node written for each commit is
255 * marked (top bit of orph->cmt_no is set to 1). It is possible that
256 * there are orphan nodes from the next commit (i.e. the commit did not
257 * complete successfully). In that case, no orphans will have been lost
258 * due to the way that orphans are written, and any orphans added will
259 * be valid orphans anyway and so can be deleted.
261 for (lnum = c->orph_first; lnum <= c->orph_last; lnum++) {
262 struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
264 dbg_rcvry("LEB %d", lnum);
265 sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf);
267 sleb = ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf, 0);
273 err = do_kill_orphans(c, sleb, &last_cmt_no, &outofdate,
275 if (err || outofdate) {
276 ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
280 c->ohead_lnum = lnum;
281 c->ohead_offs = sleb->endpt;
283 ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
289 * ubifs_mount_orphans - delete orphan inodes and erase LEBs that recorded them.
290 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
291 * @unclean: indicates recovery from unclean unmount
292 * @read_only: indicates read only mount
294 * This function is called when mounting to erase orphans from the previous
295 * session. If UBIFS was not unmounted cleanly, then the inodes recorded as
296 * orphans are deleted.
298 int ubifs_mount_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c, int unclean, int read_only)
302 c->max_orphans = tot_avail_orphs(c);
305 c->orph_buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
311 err = kill_orphans(c);
313 err = ubifs_clear_orphans(c);