Merge #648: Prevent ints from wrapping around in scratch space functions

Merge #648: Prevent ints from wrapping around in scratch space functions

60f7f2de5de917c2bee32a4cd79cc3818b6a94a0 Don't assume that ALIGNMENT > 1 in tests (Tim Ruffing)
ada6361dece4265823478e0019a8c196e9285a26 Use ROUND_TO_ALIGN in scratch_create (Jonas Nick)
8ecc6ce50ead28a0b8bab2f1fb18a58ee5204a13 Add check preventing rounding to alignment from wrapping around in scratch_alloc (Jonas Nick)
4edaf06fb02a9ac9cd115e0c967bb0ef35cae01d Add check preventing integer multiplication wrapping around in scratch_max_allocation (Jonas Nick)

Pull request description:

  This PR increases the general robustness of scratch spaces. It does not fix an existing vulnerability because scratch spaces aren't used anywhere in master. Additionally,  it must be prevented anyway that an attacker has (indirect) control over the arguments touched in this PR.

ACKs for top commit:
  sipa:
    ACK 60f7f2de5de917c2bee32a4cd79cc3818b6a94a0

Tree-SHA512: ecdd794b55a01d1d6d24098f3abff34cb8bb6f33737ec4ec93714aa631c9d397b213cc3603a916ad79f4b09d6b2f8973bf87fc07b81b25a530cc72c4dbafaba9