1 /**********************************************************************
2 * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Pieter Wuille *
3 * Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying *
4 * file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.*
5 **********************************************************************/
7 #ifndef SECP256K1_FIELD_H
8 #define SECP256K1_FIELD_H
10 /** Field element module.
12 * Field elements can be represented in several ways, but code accessing
13 * it (and implementations) need to take certain properties into account:
14 * - Each field element can be normalized or not.
15 * - Each field element has a magnitude, which represents how far away
16 * its representation is away from normalization. Normalized elements
17 * always have a magnitude of 1, but a magnitude of 1 doesn't imply
21 #if defined HAVE_CONFIG_H
22 #include "libsecp256k1-config.h"
27 #if defined(SECP256K1_WIDEMUL_INT128)
28 #include "field_5x52.h"
29 #elif defined(SECP256K1_WIDEMUL_INT64)
30 #include "field_10x26.h"
32 #error "Please select wide multiplication implementation"
35 /** Normalize a field element. This brings the field element to a canonical representation, reduces
36 * its magnitude to 1, and reduces it modulo field size `p`.
38 static void secp256k1_fe_normalize(secp256k1_fe *r);
40 /** Weakly normalize a field element: reduce its magnitude to 1, but don't fully normalize. */
41 static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(secp256k1_fe *r);
43 /** Normalize a field element, without constant-time guarantee. */
44 static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(secp256k1_fe *r);
46 /** Verify whether a field element represents zero i.e. would normalize to a zero value. The field
47 * implementation may optionally normalize the input, but this should not be relied upon. */
48 static int secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero(secp256k1_fe *r);
50 /** Verify whether a field element represents zero i.e. would normalize to a zero value. The field
51 * implementation may optionally normalize the input, but this should not be relied upon. */
52 static int secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(secp256k1_fe *r);
54 /** Set a field element equal to a small integer. Resulting field element is normalized. */
55 static void secp256k1_fe_set_int(secp256k1_fe *r, int a);
57 /** Sets a field element equal to zero, initializing all fields. */
58 static void secp256k1_fe_clear(secp256k1_fe *a);
60 /** Verify whether a field element is zero. Requires the input to be normalized. */
61 static int secp256k1_fe_is_zero(const secp256k1_fe *a);
63 /** Check the "oddness" of a field element. Requires the input to be normalized. */
64 static int secp256k1_fe_is_odd(const secp256k1_fe *a);
66 /** Compare two field elements. Requires magnitude-1 inputs. */
67 static int secp256k1_fe_equal(const secp256k1_fe *a, const secp256k1_fe *b);
69 /** Same as secp256k1_fe_equal, but may be variable time. */
70 static int secp256k1_fe_equal_var(const secp256k1_fe *a, const secp256k1_fe *b);
72 /** Compare two field elements. Requires both inputs to be normalized */
73 static int secp256k1_fe_cmp_var(const secp256k1_fe *a, const secp256k1_fe *b);
75 /** Set a field element equal to 32-byte big endian value. If successful, the resulting field element is normalized. */
76 static int secp256k1_fe_set_b32(secp256k1_fe *r, const unsigned char *a);
78 /** Convert a field element to a 32-byte big endian value. Requires the input to be normalized */
79 static void secp256k1_fe_get_b32(unsigned char *r, const secp256k1_fe *a);
81 /** Set a field element equal to the additive inverse of another. Takes a maximum magnitude of the input
82 * as an argument. The magnitude of the output is one higher. */
83 static void secp256k1_fe_negate(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe *a, int m);
85 /** Multiplies the passed field element with a small integer constant. Multiplies the magnitude by that
87 static void secp256k1_fe_mul_int(secp256k1_fe *r, int a);
89 /** Adds a field element to another. The result has the sum of the inputs' magnitudes as magnitude. */
90 static void secp256k1_fe_add(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe *a);
92 /** Sets a field element to be the product of two others. Requires the inputs' magnitudes to be at most 8.
93 * The output magnitude is 1 (but not guaranteed to be normalized). */
94 static void secp256k1_fe_mul(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe *a, const secp256k1_fe * SECP256K1_RESTRICT b);
96 /** Sets a field element to be the square of another. Requires the input's magnitude to be at most 8.
97 * The output magnitude is 1 (but not guaranteed to be normalized). */
98 static void secp256k1_fe_sqr(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe *a);
100 /** If a has a square root, it is computed in r and 1 is returned. If a does not
101 * have a square root, the root of its negation is computed and 0 is returned.
102 * The input's magnitude can be at most 8. The output magnitude is 1 (but not
103 * guaranteed to be normalized). The result in r will always be a square
105 static int secp256k1_fe_sqrt(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe *a);
107 /** Checks whether a field element is a quadratic residue. */
108 static int secp256k1_fe_is_quad_var(const secp256k1_fe *a);
110 /** Sets a field element to be the (modular) inverse of another. Requires the input's magnitude to be
111 * at most 8. The output magnitude is 1 (but not guaranteed to be normalized). */
112 static void secp256k1_fe_inv(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe *a);
114 /** Potentially faster version of secp256k1_fe_inv, without constant-time guarantee. */
115 static void secp256k1_fe_inv_var(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe *a);
117 /** Calculate the (modular) inverses of a batch of field elements. Requires the inputs' magnitudes to be
118 * at most 8. The output magnitudes are 1 (but not guaranteed to be normalized). The inputs and
119 * outputs must not overlap in memory. */
120 static void secp256k1_fe_inv_all_var(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe *a, size_t len);
122 /** Convert a field element to the storage type. */
123 static void secp256k1_fe_to_storage(secp256k1_fe_storage *r, const secp256k1_fe *a);
125 /** Convert a field element back from the storage type. */
126 static void secp256k1_fe_from_storage(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe_storage *a);
128 /** If flag is true, set *r equal to *a; otherwise leave it. Constant-time. Both *r and *a must be initialized.*/
129 static void secp256k1_fe_storage_cmov(secp256k1_fe_storage *r, const secp256k1_fe_storage *a, int flag);
131 /** If flag is true, set *r equal to *a; otherwise leave it. Constant-time. Both *r and *a must be initialized.*/
132 static void secp256k1_fe_cmov(secp256k1_fe *r, const secp256k1_fe *a, int flag);
134 #endif /* SECP256K1_FIELD_H */