2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
27 #include "qemu-version.h"
28 #include "qapi/error.h"
29 #include "qapi-visit.h"
30 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
31 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
32 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qbool.h"
34 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
35 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
36 #include "qemu/option.h"
37 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
39 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
40 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
41 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
42 #include "block/block_int.h"
43 #include "block/blockjob.h"
44 #include "block/qapi.h"
45 #include "crypto/init.h"
46 #include "trace/control.h"
48 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
49 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
51 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
53 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
58 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
60 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
62 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
63 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
64 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
66 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
69 typedef enum OutputFormat {
74 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
75 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
77 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
82 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
86 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
89 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
92 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
96 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
98 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
101 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
103 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
106 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
107 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
109 const char *help_msg =
111 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
112 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
114 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
115 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
116 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
117 " specify tracing options\n"
120 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
122 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
126 "Command parameters:\n"
127 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
128 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
129 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
130 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
131 " encryption keys.\n"
132 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
133 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
134 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
135 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
136 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
137 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
138 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
139 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
140 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
141 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
142 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
143 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
144 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
145 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
147 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
148 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
150 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
152 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
153 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
154 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
155 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
156 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
157 " to open the backing file.\n"
158 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
159 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
160 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
161 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
162 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
163 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
164 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
166 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
167 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
168 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
170 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
171 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
172 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
173 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
174 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
176 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
177 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
178 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
179 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
181 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
182 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
183 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
184 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
185 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
186 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
188 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
189 " '-f' first image format\n"
190 " '-F' second image format\n"
191 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
193 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
194 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
196 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
197 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
198 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
199 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
201 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
202 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
203 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
207 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
209 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
210 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
216 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
218 .implied_opt_name = "file",
219 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
225 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
231 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
238 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
240 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
241 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
242 Error *local_err = NULL;
244 /* Find driver and parse its options */
245 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
247 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
251 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
253 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
255 error_report_err(local_err);
256 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
259 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
262 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
263 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
268 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
269 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
270 bool quiet, bool force_share)
273 Error *local_err = NULL;
275 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
277 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
278 && !qdict_get_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)) {
279 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
283 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
285 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
287 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
290 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
295 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
297 const char *fmt, int flags,
298 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
302 Error *local_err = NULL;
305 options = qdict_new();
308 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
312 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
314 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
316 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
319 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
325 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
326 const char *name, const char *value,
329 QDict *options = opaque;
331 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
332 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
338 static BlockBackend *img_open_new_file(const char *filename,
339 QemuOpts *create_opts,
340 const char *fmt, int flags,
341 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
344 QDict *options = NULL;
346 options = qdict_new();
347 qemu_opt_foreach(create_opts, img_add_key_secrets, options, &error_abort);
349 return img_open_file(filename, options, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
354 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
355 const char *filename,
356 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
357 bool quiet, bool force_share)
363 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
366 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
371 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
374 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
381 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
382 const char *base_filename,
383 const char *base_fmt)
388 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
390 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
397 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
399 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
408 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
413 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
417 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
423 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
426 uint64_t img_size = -1;
427 const char *fmt = "raw";
428 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
429 const char *filename;
430 const char *base_filename = NULL;
431 char *options = NULL;
432 Error *local_err = NULL;
437 static const struct option long_options[] = {
438 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
439 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
442 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
449 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
452 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
461 base_filename = optarg;
467 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
468 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
472 options = g_strdup(optarg);
474 char *old_options = options;
475 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
483 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
485 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
487 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
496 /* Get the filename */
497 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
498 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
500 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
503 if (optind >= argc) {
504 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
508 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
509 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
514 /* Get image size, if specified */
518 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
520 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
521 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
523 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
524 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
525 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
526 "petabytes and exabytes.");
530 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
532 if (optind != argc) {
533 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
536 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
537 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
539 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
551 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
555 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
557 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
558 visit_complete(v, &obj);
559 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
561 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
567 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
569 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
570 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
572 if (check->corruptions) {
573 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
574 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
581 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
582 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
586 if (check->check_errors) {
589 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
590 check->check_errors);
594 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
595 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
596 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
597 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
598 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
599 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
600 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
601 check->allocated_clusters);
604 if (check->image_end_offset) {
606 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
610 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
612 const char *filename,
617 BdrvCheckResult result;
619 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
624 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
625 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
626 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
627 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
628 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
629 check->leaks = result.leaks;
630 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
631 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
632 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
633 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
634 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
635 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
636 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
637 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
638 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
639 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
640 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
641 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
642 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
643 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
644 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
650 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
652 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
653 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
654 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
655 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
656 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
658 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
661 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
662 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
664 BlockDriverState *bs;
666 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
670 bool image_opts = false;
671 bool force_share = false;
675 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
678 int option_index = 0;
679 static const struct option long_options[] = {
680 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
681 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
682 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
683 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
684 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
685 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
686 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
689 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
690 long_options, &option_index);
696 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
699 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
708 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
710 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
711 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
712 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
713 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
715 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
716 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
731 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
733 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
739 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
744 if (optind != argc - 1) {
745 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
747 filename = argv[optind++];
749 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
750 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
751 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
752 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
754 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
758 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
759 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
764 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
766 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
770 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
777 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
778 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
780 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
781 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
786 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
787 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
789 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
790 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
792 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
794 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
795 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
796 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
797 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
799 check->corruptions_fixed);
802 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
804 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
805 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
809 switch (output_format) {
811 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
814 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
819 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
821 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
823 error_report("Check failed");
829 if (check->corruptions) {
831 } else if (check->leaks) {
838 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
843 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
844 BlockDriverState *bs;
846 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
848 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
850 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
853 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
857 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
859 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
862 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
865 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
866 qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
867 ((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
868 } while (!job->ready && !job->completed);
870 if (!job->completed) {
871 ret = block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
875 block_job_unref(job);
876 aio_context_release(aio_context);
878 /* publish completion progress only when success */
880 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
884 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
887 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
889 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
891 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
893 Error *local_err = NULL;
894 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
895 bool image_opts = false;
896 AioContext *aio_context;
899 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
902 static const struct option long_options[] = {
903 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
904 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
905 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
908 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
915 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
918 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
943 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
945 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
951 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
957 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
962 if (optind != argc - 1) {
963 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
965 filename = argv[optind++];
967 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
968 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
973 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
974 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
976 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
980 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
987 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
988 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
991 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
993 error_setg(&local_err,
994 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
999 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1000 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1001 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1002 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1004 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1009 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1014 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1015 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1016 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, BLOCK_JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1017 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1018 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1019 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1024 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1025 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1026 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1027 * counter here preemptively. */
1032 job = block_job_get("commit");
1033 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1038 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1039 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1041 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1053 qemu_progress_end();
1058 error_report_err(local_err);
1062 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1067 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1070 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1071 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1073 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
1082 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1083 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1085 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1094 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1095 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1096 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1098 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1102 int num_checked, num_used;
1108 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1114 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1116 num_checked = num_used;
1119 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1121 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1123 num_checked += *pnum;
1125 num_used = num_checked;
1126 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1136 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
1137 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
1139 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1140 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
1142 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
1153 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
1154 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1158 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
1167 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1169 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
1171 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1174 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
1176 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1180 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1182 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
1183 * data and negative value on error.
1185 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1186 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
1187 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
1188 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1189 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1190 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1192 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t sect_num,
1193 int sect_count, const char *filename,
1194 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1197 ret = blk_pread(blk, sect_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buffer,
1198 sect_count << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1200 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1201 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
1204 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
1205 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
1206 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1207 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
1215 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1217 * 0 - Images are identical
1219 * >1 - Error occurred
1221 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1223 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1224 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1225 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1226 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
1227 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1229 int allocated1, allocated2;
1230 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1231 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1234 int64_t total_sectors;
1235 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1238 uint64_t progress_base;
1239 bool image_opts = false;
1240 bool force_share = false;
1242 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1244 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1245 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1246 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1247 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1248 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1251 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1252 long_options, NULL);
1258 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1261 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1287 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1289 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1296 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1302 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1308 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1309 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1311 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1312 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1314 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1315 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1321 /* Initialize before goto out */
1322 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1325 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1327 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1332 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1339 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1348 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1349 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1350 total_sectors1 = blk_nb_sectors(blk1);
1351 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1352 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1353 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1357 total_sectors2 = blk_nb_sectors(blk2);
1358 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1359 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1360 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1364 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1365 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1367 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1369 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1371 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1376 int64_t status1, status2;
1377 BlockDriverState *file;
1379 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1380 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1383 status1 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num,
1384 total_sectors1 - sector_num,
1388 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1391 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1393 status2 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num,
1394 total_sectors2 - sector_num,
1398 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1401 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1403 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum1);
1406 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum2);
1410 if ((status1 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK) !=
1411 (status2 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK)) {
1413 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1414 " block status mismatch!\n",
1415 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1419 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1420 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1421 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1423 ret = blk_pread(blk1, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf1,
1424 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1426 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1427 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1432 ret = blk_pread(blk2, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf2,
1433 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1435 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1436 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1437 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1441 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1442 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1443 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1445 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1453 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1454 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1456 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1457 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1461 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1462 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1468 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1469 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1472 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1473 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1474 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1475 const char *filename_over;
1477 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1478 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1479 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1481 filename_over = filename1;
1483 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1485 filename_over = filename2;
1491 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1492 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1495 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL,
1496 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1497 nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1501 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1506 /* TODO relax this once bdrv_is_allocated_above does not enforce
1507 * sector alignment */
1508 assert(QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE));
1509 nb_sectors = count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1511 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1512 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1515 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1516 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1517 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1523 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1524 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1528 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1538 qemu_progress_end();
1543 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1549 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1551 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1553 int64_t *src_sectors;
1555 int64_t total_sectors;
1556 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1557 int64_t allocated_done;
1560 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1561 int64_t sector_next_status;
1562 BlockBackend *target;
1565 bool target_has_backing;
1568 size_t cluster_sectors;
1570 long num_coroutines;
1571 int running_coroutines;
1572 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1573 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1578 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1579 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1582 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1583 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1584 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1586 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1590 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1592 int64_t ret, src_cur_offset;
1595 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1597 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1598 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1600 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1601 BlockDriverState *file;
1602 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1603 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1604 sector_num - src_cur_offset,
1607 ret = bdrv_get_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1608 sector_num - src_cur_offset,
1615 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1616 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1617 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1618 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1620 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1623 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1626 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1627 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1628 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1631 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1632 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1633 * cluster allocated. */
1634 if (s->compressed) {
1635 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1636 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1637 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1639 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1646 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1647 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1653 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1654 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1657 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1659 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1660 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1661 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1662 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1663 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1664 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1666 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1668 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1669 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1671 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1672 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1673 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1680 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1687 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1688 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1689 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1695 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1697 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1700 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1701 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1702 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1703 * visible at the respective offset. */
1704 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1708 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1709 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1710 * it as zero sectors.
1711 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1712 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1714 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1716 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse)) ||
1718 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1721 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1722 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1724 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1725 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
1734 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1735 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1738 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1739 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1740 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1749 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1755 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1757 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1758 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1762 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1763 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1770 s->running_coroutines++;
1771 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1776 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1778 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1779 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1780 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1783 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1785 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1789 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1790 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1792 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1793 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1795 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1796 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1798 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1800 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1801 s->allocated_done += n;
1802 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1803 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1806 if (status == BLK_DATA) {
1807 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1809 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1810 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1813 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1815 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1818 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1819 /* keep writes in order */
1820 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1821 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1822 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1824 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1827 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1828 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1830 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1831 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1836 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1837 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1838 * for this write to complete */
1839 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1840 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1841 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1843 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1844 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1845 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1847 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1855 s->co[index] = NULL;
1856 s->running_coroutines--;
1857 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1858 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1863 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1866 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1868 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1869 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1870 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1873 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1874 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1876 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1878 s->has_zero_init = true;
1882 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1883 * can be copied at a time. */
1884 if (s->compressed) {
1885 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1886 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1889 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1892 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1893 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1897 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1899 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1905 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1906 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1908 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1909 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1910 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1911 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1912 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1915 while (s->running_coroutines) {
1916 main_loop_wait(false);
1919 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1920 /* signal EOF to align */
1921 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1930 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1932 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
1933 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
1934 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
1935 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1936 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
1937 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1938 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
1939 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
1940 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1941 char *options = NULL;
1942 Error *local_err = NULL;
1943 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
1944 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
1945 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
1946 bool force_share = false;
1948 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
1949 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1951 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1952 .wr_in_order = true,
1953 .num_coroutines = 8,
1957 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1958 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1959 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1960 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1961 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1962 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
1965 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:co:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
1966 long_options, NULL);
1972 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1975 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1987 out_baseimg = optarg;
1990 s.compressed = true;
1993 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1994 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1998 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2000 char *old_options = options;
2001 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2002 g_free(old_options);
2006 snapshot_name = optarg;
2009 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2010 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2013 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2018 snapshot_name = optarg;
2025 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2027 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
2031 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2050 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2051 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2052 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2053 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2058 s.wr_in_order = false;
2063 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2064 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2065 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2072 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2075 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2076 tgt_image_opts = true;
2081 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2085 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2086 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2091 if (!s.wr_in_order && s.compressed) {
2092 error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
2096 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2097 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2101 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2102 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2104 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2106 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2109 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2114 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2115 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2120 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2121 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2123 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2127 /* Initialize before goto out */
2131 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2132 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2134 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2135 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2137 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2138 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2139 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
2145 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2146 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2147 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2148 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2152 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2156 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2157 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2158 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2160 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2161 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2162 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2167 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2171 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2177 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2178 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2180 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2185 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2187 error_report_err(local_err);
2192 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2193 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2199 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2200 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2201 proto_drv->format_name);
2206 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2207 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2209 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2211 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2213 error_report_err(local_err);
2219 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2221 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2227 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2228 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2229 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2230 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2232 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2234 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2235 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2236 "concatenating multiple input images");
2241 /* Check if compression is supported */
2244 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2245 const char *encryptfmt =
2246 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2247 const char *preallocation =
2248 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2250 if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2251 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2256 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2257 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2264 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2266 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2274 /* Create the new image */
2275 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2277 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2278 out_filename, out_fmt);
2283 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2284 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2286 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2291 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2292 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2294 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2295 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2296 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2297 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2299 s.target = img_open_new_file(out_filename, opts, out_fmt,
2300 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2306 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2308 if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2309 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2314 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2315 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2317 s.buf_sectors = MIN(32768,
2319 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2320 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2321 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2324 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2325 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2326 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2327 strerror(-output_sectors));
2330 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2331 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2337 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2340 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2344 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2345 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2348 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2351 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2353 qemu_progress_end();
2354 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2355 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2356 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2357 blk_unref(s.target);
2359 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2360 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2364 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2372 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2374 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2377 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2380 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2381 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2383 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2385 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2391 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2395 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2397 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2398 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2399 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2400 assert(str != NULL);
2401 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2402 qobject_decref(obj);
2407 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2411 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2413 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2414 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2415 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2416 assert(str != NULL);
2417 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2418 qobject_decref(obj);
2423 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2425 ImageInfoList *elem;
2428 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2434 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2438 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2440 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2444 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2446 * @filename: topmost image filename
2447 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2448 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2449 * false - only topmost image file
2451 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2452 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2455 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2456 const char *filename,
2458 bool chain, bool force_share)
2460 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2461 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2462 GHashTable *filenames;
2465 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2469 BlockDriverState *bs;
2471 ImageInfoList *elem;
2473 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2474 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2478 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2480 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2481 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2488 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2490 error_report_err(err);
2495 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2502 filename = fmt = NULL;
2504 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2505 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2506 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2507 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2508 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2509 info->backing_filename);
2512 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2513 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2517 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2521 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2522 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2526 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2529 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2531 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2532 ImageInfoList *list;
2533 bool image_opts = false;
2534 bool force_share = false;
2539 int option_index = 0;
2540 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2541 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2542 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2543 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2544 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2545 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2546 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2547 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2550 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2551 long_options, &option_index);
2557 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2560 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2574 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2577 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2579 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2585 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2590 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2591 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2593 filename = argv[optind++];
2595 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2596 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2597 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2598 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2599 } else if (output) {
2600 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2604 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2605 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2610 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2616 switch (output_format) {
2618 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2622 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2624 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2629 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2633 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2636 switch (output_format) {
2638 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2639 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2642 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2643 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2644 e->start, e->length,
2645 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2646 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2648 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2649 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2651 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2657 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2658 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2659 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2660 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2661 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2662 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2663 if (e->has_offset) {
2664 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2675 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2676 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2680 BlockDriverState *file;
2683 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2684 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2690 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors,
2696 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2699 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2708 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2711 .start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2712 .length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2713 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2714 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2715 .offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK,
2716 .has_offset = has_offset,
2718 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2719 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2725 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2727 if (curr->length == 0) {
2730 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2731 curr->data != next->data ||
2732 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2733 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2734 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2737 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2740 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2746 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2749 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2751 BlockDriverState *bs;
2752 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2754 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2756 bool image_opts = false;
2757 bool force_share = false;
2762 int option_index = 0;
2763 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2764 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2765 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2766 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2767 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2768 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2769 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2772 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2773 long_options, &option_index);
2779 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2782 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2796 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2798 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2804 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2809 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2810 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2812 filename = argv[optind];
2814 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2815 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2816 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2817 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2818 } else if (output) {
2819 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2823 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2824 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2829 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
2835 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2836 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2839 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2840 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2841 int64_t nsectors_left;
2845 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2847 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2848 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2849 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2850 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2853 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2857 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2858 curr.length += next.length;
2862 if (curr.length > 0) {
2863 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2868 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2875 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2876 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2877 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2878 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2880 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2883 BlockDriverState *bs;
2884 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2885 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2886 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2891 bool image_opts = false;
2892 bool force_share = false;
2894 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2895 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2897 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2898 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2899 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2900 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2901 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2904 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
2905 long_options, NULL);
2911 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2914 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2921 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2924 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2925 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2929 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2932 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2933 snapshot_name = optarg;
2937 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2940 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2941 snapshot_name = optarg;
2945 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2948 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2949 snapshot_name = optarg;
2957 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2959 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2965 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2971 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2972 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2974 filename = argv[optind++];
2976 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2977 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2982 /* Open the image */
2983 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
2990 /* Perform the requested action */
2996 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2997 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2998 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3000 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3001 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3002 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3004 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3006 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3007 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3011 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3012 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
3014 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3015 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3019 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3020 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3022 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3037 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3039 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3040 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3041 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3042 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3044 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3045 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3046 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3048 bool force_share = false;
3051 Error *local_err = NULL;
3052 bool image_opts = false;
3054 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3056 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3057 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3061 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3062 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3063 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3064 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3065 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3068 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3069 long_options, NULL);
3075 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3078 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3087 out_basefmt = optarg;
3090 out_baseimg = optarg;
3107 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3109 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3115 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3128 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3129 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3131 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3132 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3134 filename = argv[optind++];
3136 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3137 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3142 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3143 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3145 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3146 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3148 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3153 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3155 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3159 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3160 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3161 (void) src_writethrough;
3166 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3167 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3169 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3177 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3178 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3179 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3185 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3187 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3188 QDict *options = NULL;
3190 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3191 options = qdict_new();
3192 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
3197 options = qdict_new();
3199 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3201 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3202 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3203 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3204 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3205 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3206 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3212 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3213 options = qdict_new();
3215 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3218 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3221 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
3222 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3223 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3224 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3225 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3234 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3235 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3236 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3237 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3239 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3240 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3243 int64_t num_sectors;
3244 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
3245 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
3249 float local_progress = 0;
3251 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3252 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3254 num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
3255 if (num_sectors < 0) {
3256 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3257 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
3261 old_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing);
3262 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3263 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3265 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3266 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3267 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
3271 if (blk_new_backing) {
3272 new_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing);
3273 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3274 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3275 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
3281 if (num_sectors != 0) {
3282 local_progress = (float)100 /
3283 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
3286 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
3288 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
3289 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
3290 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
3292 n = num_sectors - sector;
3295 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3296 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3297 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &count);
3299 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3303 /* TODO relax this once bdrv_is_allocated does not enforce
3304 * sector alignment */
3305 assert(QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE));
3306 n = count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
3312 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3313 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3315 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
3316 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3318 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
3319 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3322 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3323 buf_old, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3325 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3330 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !blk_new_backing) {
3331 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3333 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
3334 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3337 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3338 buf_new, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3340 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3345 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3346 uint64_t written = 0;
3348 while (written < n) {
3351 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
3352 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
3354 ret = blk_pwrite(blk,
3355 (sector + written) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3356 buf_old + written * 512,
3357 pnum << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
3359 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3367 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3372 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3373 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3374 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3376 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3377 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3379 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3382 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3383 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3384 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3385 } else if (ret < 0) {
3386 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3387 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3390 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3392 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3393 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3394 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3395 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3398 qemu_progress_end();
3401 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3402 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3404 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3405 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3414 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3417 int c, ret, relative;
3418 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3419 int64_t n, total_size, current_size;
3421 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3422 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3425 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3426 .name = "resize_options",
3427 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3430 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3431 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3432 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3438 bool image_opts = false;
3440 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3441 * as options by getopt. */
3443 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3447 size = argv[--argc];
3449 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3452 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3453 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3454 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3455 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3456 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3459 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3460 long_options, NULL);
3466 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3469 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3480 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3482 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3488 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3491 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3492 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3493 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3494 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3495 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3501 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3502 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3504 filename = argv[optind++];
3506 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3507 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3512 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3528 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3529 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3531 error_report_err(err);
3533 qemu_opts_del(param);
3536 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3537 qemu_opts_del(param);
3539 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3540 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3547 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3548 if (current_size < 0) {
3549 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3550 strerror(-current_size));
3556 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3560 if (total_size <= 0) {
3561 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3566 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3567 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
3572 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, prealloc, &err);
3574 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3576 error_report_err(err);
3586 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3587 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3590 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3593 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3597 char *options = NULL;
3598 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3599 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3600 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3603 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3604 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3605 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3606 bool image_opts = false;
3608 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3610 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3611 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3612 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3613 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3616 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3617 long_options, NULL);
3624 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3627 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3633 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3634 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3636 goto out_no_progress;
3639 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3641 char *old_options = options;
3642 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3643 g_free(old_options);
3659 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3663 goto out_no_progress;
3666 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3673 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3676 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3677 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3680 goto out_no_progress;
3686 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3688 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3689 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3690 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3691 * given), print option help here */
3692 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3696 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3697 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3702 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3703 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3705 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3709 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3717 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3719 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3720 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3721 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3725 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3726 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3732 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3733 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3734 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3736 error_report_err(err);
3741 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3742 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3743 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3744 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3746 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3751 qemu_progress_end();
3755 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3756 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3765 typedef struct BenchData {
3767 uint64_t image_size;
3774 bool drain_on_flush;
3783 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3786 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3791 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3793 BenchData *b = opaque;
3797 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3802 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3803 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3804 b->in_flush = false;
3805 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3806 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3811 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3812 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3813 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3814 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3816 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3820 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3823 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3825 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3829 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3835 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3836 int64_t offset = b->offset;
3837 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
3838 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
3839 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
3842 b->offset += b->step;
3843 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3845 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3847 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3850 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3856 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3859 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3861 bool image_opts = false;
3862 bool is_write = false;
3866 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3869 int flush_interval = 0;
3870 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3872 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3873 BenchData data = {};
3875 bool writethrough = false;
3876 struct timeval t1, t2;
3878 bool force_share = false;
3881 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3882 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3883 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3884 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3885 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3886 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3887 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3890 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
3897 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3900 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3909 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3910 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3920 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3921 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3931 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3935 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
3937 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3950 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3951 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3952 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3963 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3964 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3965 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3973 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3975 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
3981 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
3987 case OPTION_PATTERN:
3991 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
3992 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
3998 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4002 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4003 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4006 flush_interval = res;
4009 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4010 drain_on_flush = false;
4012 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4018 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4019 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4021 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4023 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4024 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4028 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4029 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4034 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4041 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4042 if (image_size < 0) {
4047 data = (BenchData) {
4049 .image_size = image_size,
4051 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4056 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4057 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4059 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4060 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4061 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4062 data.offset, data.step);
4063 if (flush_interval) {
4064 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4067 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4068 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4070 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4071 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4072 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4073 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4074 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4077 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4080 while (data.n > 0) {
4081 main_loop_wait(false);
4083 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4085 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4086 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4087 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4090 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4111 int bsz; /* Block size */
4119 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4123 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4124 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4131 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4132 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4135 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4140 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4141 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4144 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4146 if (dd->count < 0) {
4147 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4154 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4155 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4158 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4163 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4164 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4167 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4172 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4173 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4176 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4178 if (in->offset < 0) {
4179 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4186 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4191 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4192 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4193 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4194 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4195 Error *local_err = NULL;
4196 bool image_opts = false;
4198 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4199 const char *fmt = NULL;
4201 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4202 bool force_share = false;
4203 struct DdInfo dd = {
4208 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4220 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4221 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4222 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4223 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4224 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4225 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4228 const struct option long_options[] = {
4229 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4230 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4231 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4232 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4236 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4248 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4251 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4260 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4265 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4271 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4273 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4275 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4277 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4284 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4285 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4289 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4290 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4295 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4299 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4304 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4305 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4310 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4311 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4317 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4325 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4327 error_report("Unknown file format");
4331 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4334 error_report_err(local_err);
4338 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4339 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4344 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4345 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4346 proto_drv->format_name);
4350 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4351 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4353 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4355 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4357 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4362 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4363 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4364 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4367 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4368 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4369 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4370 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4372 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4373 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4376 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4378 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4379 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4385 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4386 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4387 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4388 * support image-opts style.
4390 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4391 false, false, false);
4398 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4399 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4400 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4401 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4403 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4406 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4409 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4411 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4412 int in_ret, out_ret;
4414 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4415 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4417 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4420 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4427 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4430 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4431 strerror(-out_ret));
4440 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4441 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4444 g_free(in.filename);
4445 g_free(out.filename);
4455 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
4459 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
4461 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
4462 visit_complete(v, &obj);
4463 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
4464 assert(str != NULL);
4465 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
4466 qobject_decref(obj);
4471 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
4473 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4474 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4475 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4476 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4477 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
4478 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
4479 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4482 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4483 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
4485 const char *filename = NULL;
4486 const char *fmt = NULL;
4487 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4488 char *options = NULL;
4489 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
4490 bool force_share = false;
4491 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4492 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
4493 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
4494 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4495 bool image_opts = false;
4496 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
4497 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
4498 Error *local_err = NULL;
4502 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
4503 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4516 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
4517 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
4521 options = g_strdup(optarg);
4523 char *old_options = options;
4524 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
4525 g_free(old_options);
4529 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
4530 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
4533 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
4538 snapshot_name = optarg;
4545 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4551 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4555 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
4556 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
4557 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
4558 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4560 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
4569 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4571 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
4572 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
4574 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
4575 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
4576 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
4577 "petabytes and exabytes.");
4581 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
4587 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4588 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4593 if (argc - optind > 1) {
4594 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
4596 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
4597 filename = argv[optind];
4601 (object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
4602 error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
4603 "require a filename argument.");
4606 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4607 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
4610 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
4611 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
4616 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
4617 false, false, force_share);
4623 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
4624 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
4625 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
4627 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
4628 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
4629 snapshot_name, &local_err);
4632 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
4637 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4639 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4642 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4643 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4648 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4649 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
4650 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4652 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
4654 error_report_err(local_err);
4655 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4659 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4660 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
4663 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
4665 error_report_err(local_err);
4669 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
4670 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
4671 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
4673 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
4679 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
4680 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
4681 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4682 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
4683 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4689 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4690 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4691 { option, callback },
4692 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4698 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4700 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4701 const char *cmdname;
4702 Error *local_error = NULL;
4703 char *trace_file = NULL;
4705 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4706 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4707 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4708 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4713 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4716 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4717 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
4718 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4720 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4721 error_report_err(local_error);
4725 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4727 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4730 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4733 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4734 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4735 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4737 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4740 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4743 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4749 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4753 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4758 cmdname = argv[optind];
4760 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4768 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4771 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4772 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4774 /* find the command */
4775 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4776 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4777 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4782 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);