2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "block/block_int.h"
33 #include "block/qapi.h"
37 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION \
38 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
40 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
42 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
47 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
50 typedef enum OutputFormat {
55 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
56 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
57 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
59 static gint compare_data(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b, gpointer user)
61 return g_strcmp0(a, b);
64 static void print_format(gpointer data, gpointer user)
66 printf(" %s", (char *)data);
69 static void add_format_to_seq(void *opaque, const char *fmt_name)
71 GSequence *seq = opaque;
73 g_sequence_insert_sorted(seq, (gpointer)fmt_name,
77 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
81 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
84 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
87 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
91 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
92 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
94 const char *help_msg =
96 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
97 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
100 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
102 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
106 "Command parameters:\n"
107 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
108 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
109 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
110 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
111 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
112 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
113 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
114 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
115 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
116 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
117 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
118 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
119 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
121 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
122 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
124 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
126 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
127 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
128 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
129 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
130 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
131 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
132 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
133 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
134 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
135 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
136 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
138 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
139 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
140 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
142 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
143 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
144 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
145 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
146 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
148 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
149 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
150 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
151 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
152 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
153 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
155 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
156 " '-f' first image format\n"
157 " '-F' second image format\n"
158 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
161 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
162 seq = g_sequence_new(NULL);
163 bdrv_iterate_format(add_format_to_seq, seq);
164 g_sequence_foreach(seq, print_format, NULL);
166 g_sequence_free(seq);
171 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
177 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
184 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
185 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
188 printf("Password: ");
195 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
206 static struct termios oldtty;
208 static void term_exit(void)
210 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
213 static void term_init(void)
220 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
221 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
222 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
223 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
224 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
229 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
234 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
239 printf("password: ");
244 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
246 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
252 } else if (ret == 0) {
260 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
271 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
273 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
274 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL;
276 /* Find driver and parse its options */
277 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
279 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
283 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
284 drv->create_options);
287 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true);
289 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename);
290 free_option_parameters(create_options);
293 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
294 proto_drv->create_options);
297 print_option_help(create_options);
298 free_option_parameters(create_options);
302 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *id,
303 const char *filename,
309 BlockDriverState *bs;
312 Error *local_err = NULL;
315 bs = bdrv_new(id, &error_abort);
318 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
320 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
327 ret = bdrv_open(&bs, filename, NULL, NULL, flags, drv, &local_err);
329 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename,
330 error_get_pretty(local_err));
331 error_free(local_err);
335 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
336 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
337 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
338 error_report("No password given");
341 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
342 error_report("invalid password");
352 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QEMUOptionParameter *list,
353 const char *base_filename,
354 const char *base_fmt)
357 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
358 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
364 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
365 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
373 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
376 uint64_t img_size = -1;
377 const char *fmt = "raw";
378 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
379 const char *filename;
380 const char *base_filename = NULL;
381 char *options = NULL;
382 Error *local_err = NULL;
386 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
399 base_filename = optarg;
405 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
406 "encryption\' instead!");
409 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
410 "compat6\' instead!");
413 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
414 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
418 options = g_strdup(optarg);
420 char *old_options = options;
421 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
431 /* Get the filename */
432 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
433 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
435 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
438 if (optind >= argc) {
439 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
443 /* Get image size, if specified */
447 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
448 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
449 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
450 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
452 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
453 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
454 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
455 "petabytes and exabytes.");
459 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
461 if (optind != argc) {
462 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
465 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
466 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS, &local_err, quiet);
468 error_report("%s: %s", filename, error_get_pretty(local_err));
469 error_free(local_err);
481 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
483 Error *local_err = NULL;
485 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
487 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
488 &check, NULL, &local_err);
489 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
490 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
492 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
494 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
498 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
500 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
501 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
503 if (check->corruptions) {
504 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
505 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
512 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
513 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
517 if (check->check_errors) {
520 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
521 check->check_errors);
525 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
526 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
527 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
528 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
529 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
530 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
531 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
532 check->allocated_clusters);
535 if (check->image_end_offset) {
537 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
541 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
543 const char *filename,
548 BdrvCheckResult result;
550 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
555 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
556 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
557 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
558 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
559 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
560 check->leaks = result.leaks;
561 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
562 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
563 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
564 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
565 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
566 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
567 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
568 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
569 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
570 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
571 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
572 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
573 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
574 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
575 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
581 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
583 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
584 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
585 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
586 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
588 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
591 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
592 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
593 BlockDriverState *bs;
595 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
602 int option_index = 0;
603 static const struct option long_options[] = {
604 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
605 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
606 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
607 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
610 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hr:q",
611 long_options, &option_index);
624 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
626 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
627 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
628 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
629 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
631 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
632 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
643 if (optind != argc - 1) {
644 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
646 filename = argv[optind++];
648 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
649 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
650 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
651 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
653 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
657 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
662 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
663 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
665 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
666 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
671 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
672 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
674 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
675 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
677 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
679 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
680 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
681 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
682 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
684 check->corruptions_fixed);
687 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
689 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
690 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
693 switch (output_format) {
695 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
698 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
702 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
707 if (check->corruptions) {
709 } else if (check->leaks) {
716 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
722 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
725 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache;
726 BlockDriverState *bs;
730 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
732 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:q");
752 if (optind != argc - 1) {
753 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
755 filename = argv[optind++];
758 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
760 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
764 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
768 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
771 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
774 error_report("No disk inserted");
777 error_report("Image is read-only");
780 error_report("Image is already committed");
783 error_report("Error while committing image");
795 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
798 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
799 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
801 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
810 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
811 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
813 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
822 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
823 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
824 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
826 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
830 int num_checked, num_used;
836 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
842 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
844 num_checked = num_used;
847 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
849 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
851 num_checked += *pnum;
853 num_used = num_checked;
854 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
864 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
865 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
867 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
868 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
870 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
880 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
881 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
885 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
894 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
896 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
898 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
901 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
903 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
907 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
909 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
910 * data and negative value on error.
912 * @param bs: Driver used for accessing file
913 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
914 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
915 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
916 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
917 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
919 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sect_num,
920 int sect_count, const char *filename,
921 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
924 ret = bdrv_read(bs, sect_num, buffer, sect_count);
926 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
927 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
930 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
931 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
932 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
933 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
941 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
943 * 0 - Images are identical
945 * >1 - Error occurred
947 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
949 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *filename1, *filename2;
950 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
951 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
952 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
954 int allocated1, allocated2;
955 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
956 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
957 int64_t total_sectors;
958 int64_t sector_num = 0;
962 uint64_t progress_base;
965 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hpf:F:sq");
992 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
998 if (optind != argc - 2) {
999 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1001 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1002 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1004 /* Initialize before goto out */
1005 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1007 bs1 = bdrv_new_open("image 1", filename1, fmt1, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
1009 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename1);
1014 bs2 = bdrv_new_open("image 2", filename2, fmt2, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
1016 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename2);
1021 buf1 = qemu_blockalign(bs1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1022 buf2 = qemu_blockalign(bs2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1023 bdrv_get_geometry(bs1, &bs_sectors);
1024 total_sectors1 = bs_sectors;
1025 bdrv_get_geometry(bs2, &bs_sectors);
1026 total_sectors2 = bs_sectors;
1027 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1028 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1030 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1032 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1034 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1039 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1040 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1043 allocated1 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1045 if (allocated1 < 0) {
1047 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1051 allocated2 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1053 if (allocated2 < 0) {
1055 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1058 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1060 if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1062 ret = bdrv_read(bs1, sector_num, buf1, nb_sectors);
1064 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1065 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1070 ret = bdrv_read(bs2, sector_num, buf2, nb_sectors);
1072 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1073 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1074 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1078 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1079 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1080 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1082 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1090 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1091 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1092 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1097 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1098 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1100 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1101 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1105 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1106 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1112 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1113 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1116 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1117 BlockDriverState *bs_over;
1118 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1119 const char *filename_over;
1121 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1122 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1123 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1125 filename_over = filename1;
1127 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1129 filename_over = filename2;
1133 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1134 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1137 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs_over, NULL, sector_num,
1141 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1148 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1149 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1152 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1153 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1154 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1160 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1161 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1165 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1175 qemu_progress_end();
1179 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1181 int c, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1183 int progress = 0, flags;
1184 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1185 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1186 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1187 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
1188 uint64_t bs_sectors;
1189 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
1190 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1191 const uint8_t *buf1;
1192 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1193 QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL, *create_options = NULL;
1194 QEMUOptionParameter *out_baseimg_param;
1195 char *options = NULL;
1196 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1197 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1199 Error *local_err = NULL;
1200 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1209 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:B:s:hce6o:pS:t:qnl:");
1225 out_baseimg = optarg;
1231 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1232 "encryption\' instead!");
1236 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1237 "compat6\' instead!");
1241 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1242 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1247 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1249 char *old_options = options;
1250 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1251 g_free(old_options);
1255 snapshot_name = optarg;
1258 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1259 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
1261 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1267 snapshot_name = optarg;
1274 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1275 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1276 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1281 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1299 /* Initialize before goto out */
1303 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1306 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1307 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1309 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1310 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1315 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1319 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1320 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1326 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1328 bs = g_malloc0(bs_n * sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
1331 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1332 char *id = bs_n > 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source %d", bs_i)
1333 : g_strdup("source");
1334 bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(id, argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
1338 error_report("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
1342 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1343 total_sectors += bs_sectors;
1347 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1348 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1349 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1351 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1353 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1358 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1361 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1362 error_get_pretty(local_err));
1363 error_free(local_err);
1368 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1369 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1371 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1376 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true);
1378 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename);
1383 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1384 drv->create_options);
1385 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1386 proto_drv->create_options);
1389 param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options, param);
1390 if (param == NULL) {
1391 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", out_fmt);
1396 param = parse_option_parameters("", create_options, param);
1399 set_option_parameter_int(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
1400 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, param, out_baseimg, NULL);
1405 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1406 out_baseimg_param = get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1407 if (out_baseimg_param) {
1408 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param->value.s;
1411 /* Check if compression is supported */
1413 QEMUOptionParameter *encryption =
1414 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT);
1415 QEMUOptionParameter *preallocation =
1416 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
1418 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
1419 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1424 if (encryption && encryption->value.n) {
1425 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1431 if (preallocation && preallocation->value.s
1432 && strcmp(preallocation->value.s, "off"))
1434 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1442 /* Create the new image */
1443 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, param, &local_err);
1445 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1446 out_filename, out_fmt, error_get_pretty(local_err));
1447 error_free(local_err);
1452 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1453 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1455 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1459 out_bs = bdrv_new_open("target", out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true, quiet);
1467 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
1469 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1470 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1472 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
1473 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
1474 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
1477 buf = qemu_blockalign(out_bs, bufsectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1480 int64_t output_length = bdrv_getlength(out_bs);
1481 if (output_length < 0) {
1482 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1483 strerror(-output_length));
1486 } else if (output_length < total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) {
1487 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1493 cluster_sectors = 0;
1494 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
1497 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1501 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
1502 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1506 if (cluster_sectors <= 0 || cluster_sectors > bufsectors) {
1507 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1513 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1520 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1521 if (nb_sectors <= 0)
1523 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
1524 n = cluster_sectors;
1528 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
1529 assert (bs_num >= 0);
1532 while (remainder > 0) {
1534 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
1536 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1537 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1538 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1540 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1541 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1542 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1544 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
1546 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
1548 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
1550 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1551 bs_num, strerror(-ret));
1560 assert (remainder == 0);
1562 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1563 ret = bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf, n);
1565 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1566 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1571 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sector_num / total_sectors, 0);
1573 /* signal EOF to align */
1574 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
1576 int64_t sectors_to_read, sectors_read, sector_num_next_status;
1577 bool count_allocated_sectors;
1578 int has_zero_init = min_sparse ? bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs) : 0;
1580 if (!has_zero_init && bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(out_bs)) {
1581 ret = bdrv_make_zero(out_bs, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1588 sectors_to_read = total_sectors;
1589 count_allocated_sectors = progress && (out_baseimg || has_zero_init);
1591 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1593 sector_num_next_status = 0;
1596 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1597 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1598 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1599 sectors_to_read = sectors_read;
1600 count_allocated_sectors = false;
1607 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
1609 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1610 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1611 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1612 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1613 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1614 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1617 if ((out_baseimg || has_zero_init) &&
1618 sector_num >= sector_num_next_status) {
1619 n = nb_sectors > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : nb_sectors;
1620 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
1623 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %"
1624 PRId64 ": %s", sector_num - bs_offset,
1628 /* If the output image is zero initialized, we are not working
1629 * on a shared base and the input is zero we can skip the next
1631 if (has_zero_init && !out_baseimg && (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1635 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write
1636 * image, assume that sectors which are unallocated in the
1637 * input image are present in both the output's and input's
1638 * base images (no need to copy them). */
1640 if (!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1644 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image.
1645 * Copy only those as they may be followed by unallocated
1649 /* avoid redundant callouts to get_block_status */
1650 sector_num_next_status = sector_num + n1;
1653 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bufsectors);
1655 /* round down request length to an aligned sector, but
1656 * do not bother doing this on short requests. They happen
1657 * when we found an all-zero area, and the next sector to
1658 * write will not be sector_num + n. */
1659 if (cluster_sectors > 0 && n >= cluster_sectors) {
1660 int64_t next_aligned_sector = (sector_num + n);
1661 next_aligned_sector -= next_aligned_sector % cluster_sectors;
1662 if (sector_num + n > next_aligned_sector) {
1663 n = next_aligned_sector - sector_num;
1667 n = MIN(n, bs_sectors - (sector_num - bs_offset));
1670 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1676 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
1678 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1679 sector_num - bs_offset, strerror(-ret));
1682 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1683 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1684 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1687 if (!has_zero_init ||
1688 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1, n, &n1, min_sparse)) {
1689 ret = bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1);
1691 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1692 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1700 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sectors_read / sectors_to_read, 0);
1705 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1707 qemu_progress_end();
1708 free_option_parameters(create_options);
1709 free_option_parameters(param);
1712 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1718 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1720 bdrv_unref(bs[bs_i]);
1735 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1737 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1740 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1743 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1744 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
1746 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1748 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
1754 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1756 Error *local_err = NULL;
1758 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1760 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1761 &list, NULL, &local_err);
1762 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1763 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1764 assert(str != NULL);
1765 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1766 qobject_decref(obj);
1767 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1771 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1773 Error *local_err = NULL;
1775 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1777 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1778 &info, NULL, &local_err);
1779 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1780 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1781 assert(str != NULL);
1782 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1783 qobject_decref(obj);
1784 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1788 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1790 ImageInfoList *elem;
1793 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
1799 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
1803 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1805 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
1809 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1811 * @filename: topmost image filename
1812 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1813 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1814 * false - only topmost image file
1816 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1817 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1820 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(const char *filename,
1824 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
1825 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
1826 GHashTable *filenames;
1829 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
1832 BlockDriverState *bs;
1834 ImageInfoList *elem;
1836 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
1837 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1841 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
1843 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt,
1844 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, false, false);
1849 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
1851 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
1857 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
1864 filename = fmt = NULL;
1866 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
1867 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
1868 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
1869 filename = info->backing_filename;
1871 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
1872 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
1876 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1880 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
1881 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1885 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
1888 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1890 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
1891 ImageInfoList *list;
1896 int option_index = 0;
1897 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1898 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1899 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
1900 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
1901 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
1904 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
1905 long_options, &option_index);
1920 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
1925 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1926 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1928 filename = argv[optind++];
1930 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
1931 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
1932 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
1933 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1934 } else if (output) {
1935 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1939 list = collect_image_info_list(filename, fmt, chain);
1944 switch (output_format) {
1946 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
1950 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
1952 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
1957 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
1962 typedef struct MapEntry {
1968 BlockDriverState *bs;
1971 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
1974 switch (output_format) {
1976 if ((e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) &&
1977 !(e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID)) {
1978 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
1981 if ((e->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1982 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
1983 e->start, e->length, e->offset, e->bs->filename);
1985 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
1986 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
1989 (next->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1990 next->flags &= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1991 next->flags |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
1995 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64", \"depth\": %d,"
1996 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
1997 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
1998 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
1999 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) ? "true" : "false",
2000 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) ? "true" : "false");
2001 if (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) {
2002 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2013 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2014 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2019 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2020 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2026 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors);
2031 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2034 bs = bs->backing_hd;
2043 e->start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2044 e->length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2045 e->flags = ret & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2046 e->offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2052 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2055 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2056 BlockDriverState *bs;
2057 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2059 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2065 int option_index = 0;
2066 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2067 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2068 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2069 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2072 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2073 long_options, &option_index);
2090 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2091 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2093 filename = argv[optind];
2095 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2096 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2097 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2098 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2099 } else if (output) {
2100 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2104 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, false);
2109 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2110 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2113 length = bdrv_getlength(bs);
2114 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2115 int64_t nsectors_left;
2119 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2121 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2122 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2123 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2124 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2127 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2131 if (curr.length != 0 && curr.flags == next.flags &&
2132 curr.depth == next.depth &&
2133 ((curr.flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) == 0 ||
2134 curr.offset + curr.length == next.offset)) {
2135 curr.length += next.length;
2139 if (curr.length > 0) {
2140 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2145 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2152 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2153 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2154 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2155 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2157 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2159 BlockDriverState *bs;
2160 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2161 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2162 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2168 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2169 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2171 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq");
2182 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2185 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2186 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2190 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2193 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2194 snapshot_name = optarg;
2198 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2201 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2202 snapshot_name = optarg;
2206 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2209 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2210 snapshot_name = optarg;
2218 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2219 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2221 filename = argv[optind++];
2223 /* Open the image */
2224 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true, quiet);
2229 /* Perform the requested action */
2235 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2236 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2237 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2239 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2240 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2241 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2243 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2245 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2246 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2250 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2251 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2253 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2254 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2258 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2259 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2261 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2262 snapshot_name, error_get_pretty(err));
2277 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2279 BlockDriverState *bs, *bs_old_backing = NULL, *bs_new_backing = NULL;
2280 BlockDriver *old_backing_drv, *new_backing_drv;
2282 const char *fmt, *cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2287 Error *local_err = NULL;
2289 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2291 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2295 c = getopt(argc, argv, "uhf:F:b:pt:q");
2308 out_basefmt = optarg;
2311 out_baseimg = optarg;
2332 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2333 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2335 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2336 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2338 filename = argv[optind++];
2340 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2341 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2343 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2344 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2346 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2353 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2354 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2356 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2361 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
2362 old_backing_drv = NULL;
2363 new_backing_drv = NULL;
2365 if (!unsafe && bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2366 old_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(bs->backing_format);
2367 if (old_backing_drv == NULL) {
2368 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs->backing_format);
2374 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2375 new_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt);
2376 if (new_backing_drv == NULL) {
2377 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2383 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2385 /* Make the compiler happy */
2386 bs_old_backing = NULL;
2387 bs_new_backing = NULL;
2389 char backing_name[1024];
2391 bs_old_backing = bdrv_new("old_backing", &error_abort);
2392 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2393 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_old_backing, backing_name, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
2394 old_backing_drv, &local_err);
2396 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2397 backing_name, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2398 error_free(local_err);
2401 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2402 bs_new_backing = bdrv_new("new_backing", &error_abort);
2403 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_new_backing, out_baseimg, NULL, NULL,
2404 BDRV_O_FLAGS, new_backing_drv, &local_err);
2406 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2407 out_baseimg, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2408 error_free(local_err);
2415 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2416 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2417 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2418 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2420 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2421 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2424 uint64_t num_sectors;
2425 uint64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2426 uint64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2431 float local_progress = 0;
2433 buf_old = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2434 buf_new = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2436 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &num_sectors);
2437 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_old_backing, &old_backing_num_sectors);
2438 if (bs_new_backing) {
2439 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_new_backing, &new_backing_num_sectors);
2442 if (num_sectors != 0) {
2443 local_progress = (float)100 /
2444 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
2447 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
2449 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2450 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
2451 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
2453 n = num_sectors - sector;
2456 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2457 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
2459 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2468 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2469 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2471 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
2472 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2474 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
2475 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2478 ret = bdrv_read(bs_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
2480 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2485 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !bs_new_backing) {
2486 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2488 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
2489 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2492 ret = bdrv_read(bs_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
2494 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2499 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2500 uint64_t written = 0;
2502 while (written < n) {
2505 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
2506 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
2508 ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector + written,
2509 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
2511 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2519 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
2522 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
2523 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
2527 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2528 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2529 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2531 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
2532 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
2534 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
2537 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
2538 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2539 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
2540 } else if (ret < 0) {
2541 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2542 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
2545 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2547 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2548 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2549 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2550 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2553 qemu_progress_end();
2556 if (bs_old_backing != NULL) {
2557 bdrv_unref(bs_old_backing);
2559 if (bs_new_backing != NULL) {
2560 bdrv_unref(bs_new_backing);
2571 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
2573 int c, ret, relative;
2574 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
2575 int64_t n, total_size;
2577 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2579 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
2580 .name = "resize_options",
2581 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
2584 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2585 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2586 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2593 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2594 * as options by getopt. */
2596 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2600 size = argv[--argc];
2602 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2605 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hq");
2622 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2623 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2625 filename = argv[optind++];
2627 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2643 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2644 if (qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
2645 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2647 qemu_opts_del(param);
2650 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
2651 qemu_opts_del(param);
2653 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR,
2661 total_size = bdrv_getlength(bs) + n * relative;
2665 if (total_size <= 0) {
2666 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2671 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size);
2674 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
2677 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2680 error_report("Image is read-only");
2683 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
2696 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
2699 char *options = NULL;
2700 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL, *options_param = NULL;
2701 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
2703 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2706 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hqf:o:");
2717 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2718 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2723 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2725 char *old_options = options;
2726 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2727 g_free(old_options);
2740 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2743 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2744 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
2745 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2746 * given), print option help here */
2747 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2751 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2752 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2755 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt,
2756 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR, true, quiet);
2758 error_report("Could not open image '%s'", filename);
2763 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
2765 if (has_help_option(options)) {
2766 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2767 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2771 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
2772 bs->drv->create_options);
2773 options_param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options,
2775 if (options_param == NULL) {
2776 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt);
2781 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, options_param);
2783 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
2791 free_option_parameters(create_options);
2792 free_option_parameters(options_param);
2801 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
2802 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
2803 { option, callback },
2804 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
2810 int main(int argc, char **argv)
2812 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
2813 const char *cmdname;
2815 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2816 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2817 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
2822 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
2825 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
2826 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2828 qemu_init_main_loop();
2831 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2835 /* find the command */
2836 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
2837 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
2838 return cmd->handler(argc - 1, argv + 1);
2842 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", long_options, NULL);
2848 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
2853 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);