2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-common.h"
29 #include "qemu-version.h"
30 #include "qapi/error.h"
31 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
32 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
33 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
36 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
37 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
38 #include "qemu/option.h"
39 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
41 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
42 #include "qemu/module.h"
43 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
44 #include "qemu/units.h"
45 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
46 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
47 #include "block/block_int.h"
48 #include "block/blockjob.h"
49 #include "block/qapi.h"
50 #include "crypto/init.h"
51 #include "trace/control.h"
52 #include "qemu/throttle.h"
53 #include "block/throttle-groups.h"
55 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
56 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
58 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
60 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
65 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
67 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
69 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
70 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
71 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
73 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
76 OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO = 268,
85 OPTION_SKIP_BROKEN = 277,
88 typedef enum OutputFormat {
93 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
94 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
96 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
101 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
106 error_vreport(fmt, ap);
109 error_printf("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
113 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
115 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
118 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
120 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
123 /* Please keep in synch with docs/tools/qemu-img.rst */
124 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
126 const char *help_msg =
128 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
129 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
131 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
132 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
133 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
134 " specify tracing options\n"
137 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
139 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
142 "Command parameters:\n"
143 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
144 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
145 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
146 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
147 " encryption keys.\n"
148 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
149 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
150 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
151 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
152 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
153 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
154 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
155 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
156 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
157 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
158 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
159 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
160 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
161 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
163 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
164 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
166 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
167 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
168 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
169 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
170 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
171 " to open the backing file.\n"
172 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
173 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
174 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
175 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
176 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
177 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
178 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
180 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
181 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
182 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
184 "Parameters to bitmap subcommand:\n"
185 " 'bitmap' is the name of the bitmap to manipulate, through one or more\n"
186 " actions from '--add', '--remove', '--clear', '--enable', '--disable',\n"
187 " or '--merge source'\n"
188 " '-g granularity' sets the granularity for '--add' actions\n"
189 " '-b source' and '-F src_fmt' tell '--merge' actions to find the source\n"
190 " bitmaps from an alternative file\n"
192 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
193 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
194 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
195 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
196 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
198 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
199 " '--bitmaps' copies all top-level persistent bitmaps to destination\n"
200 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
201 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
202 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
204 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
205 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
206 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
207 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
208 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
209 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
211 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
212 " '-f' first image format\n"
213 " '-F' second image format\n"
214 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
216 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
217 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
219 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
220 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
221 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
222 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
224 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
225 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL, false);
226 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
231 * Is @optarg safe for accumulate_options()?
232 * It is when multiple of them can be joined together separated by ','.
233 * To make that work, @optarg must not start with ',' (or else a
234 * separating ',' preceding it gets escaped), and it must not end with
235 * an odd number of ',' (or else a separating ',' following it gets
236 * escaped), or be empty (or else a separating ',' preceding it can
237 * escape a separating ',' following it).
240 static bool is_valid_option_list(const char *optarg)
242 size_t len = strlen(optarg);
245 if (!optarg[0] || optarg[0] == ',') {
249 for (i = len; i > 0 && optarg[i - 1] == ','; i--) {
258 static int accumulate_options(char **options, char *optarg)
262 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
263 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
268 *options = g_strdup(optarg);
270 new_options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", *options, optarg);
272 *options = new_options;
277 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
279 .implied_opt_name = "file",
280 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
286 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
292 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
299 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
301 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
302 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
303 Error *local_err = NULL;
305 /* Find driver and parse its options */
306 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
308 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
312 if (!drv->create_opts) {
313 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
317 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
319 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
321 error_report_err(local_err);
322 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
325 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
326 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
327 proto_drv->format_name);
328 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
331 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
335 printf("Supported options:\n");
337 printf("Supported %s options:\n", fmt);
339 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts, false);
340 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
344 "The protocol level may support further options.\n"
345 "Specify the target filename to include those options.\n");
352 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
353 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
354 bool quiet, bool force_share)
357 Error *local_err = NULL;
359 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
361 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
362 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
363 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
364 qobject_unref(options);
367 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
369 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
371 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
374 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
379 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
381 const char *fmt, int flags,
382 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
386 Error *local_err = NULL;
389 options = qdict_new();
392 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
396 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
398 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
400 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
403 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
409 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
410 const char *name, const char *value,
413 QDict *options = opaque;
415 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
416 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
423 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
424 const char *filename,
425 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
426 bool quiet, bool force_share)
432 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
435 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
440 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
443 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
450 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
451 const char *base_filename,
452 const char *base_fmt)
455 if (!qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename,
457 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
463 if (!qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, NULL)) {
464 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
472 static int64_t cvtnum_full(const char *name, const char *value, int64_t min,
478 err = qemu_strtosz(value, NULL, &res);
479 if (err < 0 && err != -ERANGE) {
480 error_report("Invalid %s specified. You may use "
481 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for", name);
482 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
483 "petabytes and exabytes.");
486 if (err == -ERANGE || res > max || res < min) {
487 error_report("Invalid %s specified. Must be between %" PRId64
488 " and %" PRId64 ".", name, min, max);
494 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *name, const char *value)
496 return cvtnum_full(name, value, 0, INT64_MAX);
499 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
502 uint64_t img_size = -1;
503 const char *fmt = "raw";
504 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
505 const char *filename;
506 const char *base_filename = NULL;
507 char *options = NULL;
508 Error *local_err = NULL;
513 static const struct option long_options[] = {
514 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
515 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
518 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
525 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
528 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
537 base_filename = optarg;
543 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
551 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
554 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
559 /* Get the filename */
560 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
561 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
563 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
566 if (optind >= argc) {
567 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
571 /* Get image size, if specified */
575 sval = cvtnum("image size", argv[optind++]);
579 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
581 if (optind != argc) {
582 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
585 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
586 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
588 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
600 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
604 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
606 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
607 visit_complete(v, &obj);
608 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj, true);
610 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", str->str);
613 g_string_free(str, true);
616 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
618 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
619 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
621 if (check->corruptions) {
622 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
623 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
630 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
631 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
635 if (check->check_errors) {
638 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
639 check->check_errors);
643 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
644 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
645 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
646 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
647 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
648 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
649 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
650 check->allocated_clusters);
653 if (check->image_end_offset) {
655 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
659 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
661 const char *filename,
666 BdrvCheckResult result;
668 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
673 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
674 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
675 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
676 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
677 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
678 check->leaks = result.leaks;
679 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
680 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
681 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed != 0;
682 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
683 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed != 0;
684 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
685 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
686 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
687 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
688 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
689 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
690 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
691 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
692 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
693 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
699 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
701 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
702 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
703 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
704 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
705 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
707 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
710 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
711 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
713 BlockDriverState *bs;
715 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
719 bool image_opts = false;
720 bool force_share = false;
724 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
727 int option_index = 0;
728 static const struct option long_options[] = {
729 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
730 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
731 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
732 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
733 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
734 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
735 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
738 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
739 long_options, &option_index);
745 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
748 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
757 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
759 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
760 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
761 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
762 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
764 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
765 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
781 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
783 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
788 if (optind != argc - 1) {
789 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
791 filename = argv[optind++];
793 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
794 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
795 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
796 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
798 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
802 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
804 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
808 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
815 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
816 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
818 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
819 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
824 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
825 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
826 bool has_leaks_fixed, has_corruptions_fixed;
828 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
829 has_leaks_fixed = check->has_leaks_fixed;
830 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
831 has_corruptions_fixed = check->has_corruptions_fixed;
833 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
835 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
836 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
837 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
838 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
840 check->corruptions_fixed);
843 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
844 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
845 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
847 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
848 check->has_leaks_fixed = has_leaks_fixed;
849 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
850 check->has_corruptions_fixed = has_corruptions_fixed;
854 switch (output_format) {
856 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
859 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
864 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
866 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
868 error_report("Check failed");
874 if (check->corruptions) {
876 } else if (check->leaks) {
883 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
888 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
889 BlockDriverState *bs;
891 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
893 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
895 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
898 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
902 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
904 uint64_t progress_current, progress_total;
905 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
908 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
911 float progress = 0.0f;
912 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
914 progress_get_snapshot(&job->job.progress, &progress_current,
916 if (progress_total) {
917 progress = (float)progress_current / progress_total * 100.f;
919 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
920 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
922 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
923 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
927 job_unref(&job->job);
928 aio_context_release(aio_context);
930 /* publish completion progress only when success */
932 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
936 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
939 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
941 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
943 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
945 Error *local_err = NULL;
946 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
947 bool image_opts = false;
948 AioContext *aio_context;
949 int64_t rate_limit = 0;
952 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
955 static const struct option long_options[] = {
956 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
957 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
958 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
961 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpqr:",
968 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
971 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
997 rate_limit = cvtnum("rate limit", optarg);
998 if (rate_limit < 0) {
1003 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
1005 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1011 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1016 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1017 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1019 filename = argv[optind++];
1021 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
1022 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1024 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1028 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1035 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1036 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1039 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1041 error_setg(&local_err,
1042 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1047 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1048 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1049 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1050 base_bs = bdrv_backing_chain_next(bs);
1052 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1057 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1062 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1063 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1064 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, rate_limit,
1065 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1066 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1067 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1072 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1073 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1074 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1075 * counter here preemptively. */
1080 job = block_job_get("commit");
1082 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1088 BlockBackend *old_backing_blk;
1090 old_backing_blk = blk_new_with_bs(bs, BLK_PERM_WRITE, BLK_PERM_ALL,
1092 if (!old_backing_blk) {
1095 ret = blk_make_empty(old_backing_blk, &local_err);
1096 blk_unref(old_backing_blk);
1097 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
1098 error_free(local_err);
1100 } else if (ret < 0) {
1111 qemu_progress_end();
1116 error_report_err(local_err);
1120 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1125 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1126 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1127 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1130 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1133 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1135 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1136 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1140 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1147 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1150 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1151 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1152 * The function will try to align the end offset to alignment boundaries so
1153 * that the request will at least end aligned and consecutive requests will
1154 * also start at an aligned offset.
1156 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1157 int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1166 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1167 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1168 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1169 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1174 tail = (sector_num + i) & (alignment - 1);
1176 if (is_zero && i <= tail) {
1177 /* treat unallocated areas which only consist
1178 * of a small tail as allocated. */
1182 /* align up end offset of allocated areas. */
1183 i += alignment - tail;
1186 /* align down end offset of zero areas. */
1195 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1196 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1197 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1199 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1200 int min, int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1203 int num_checked, num_used;
1209 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1215 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1217 sector_num += *pnum;
1218 num_checked = num_used;
1221 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1223 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1225 sector_num += *pnum;
1226 num_checked += *pnum;
1228 num_used = num_checked;
1229 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1239 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1240 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1242 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1243 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1245 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1246 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1249 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1253 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1255 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1257 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1267 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * MiB)
1270 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1272 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1273 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1274 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1277 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1278 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1279 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1280 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1281 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1282 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1284 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1285 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1286 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1291 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1293 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1294 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1297 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1299 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1308 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1310 * 0 - Images are identical or the requested help was printed
1312 * >1 - Error occurred
1314 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1316 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1317 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1318 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1319 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1320 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1321 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1322 int allocated1, allocated2;
1323 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1324 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1331 uint64_t progress_base;
1332 bool image_opts = false;
1333 bool force_share = false;
1335 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1337 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1338 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1339 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1340 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1341 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1344 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1345 long_options, NULL);
1351 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1354 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1382 Error *local_err = NULL;
1384 if (!user_creatable_add_from_str(optarg, &local_err)) {
1386 error_report_err(local_err);
1389 /* Help was printed */
1395 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1401 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1407 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1408 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1410 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1411 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1413 /* Initialize before goto out */
1414 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1417 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1419 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1424 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1431 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1440 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1441 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1442 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1443 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1444 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1445 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1449 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1450 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1451 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1452 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1456 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1457 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1459 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1461 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1463 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1467 while (offset < total_size) {
1468 int status1, status2;
1470 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1471 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1475 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1478 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1480 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1481 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1485 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1488 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1490 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1491 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1494 if (status1 != status2) {
1496 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1497 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1501 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1503 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1507 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1508 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1510 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1512 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1516 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1518 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1520 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1524 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1525 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1526 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1527 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1533 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1535 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1536 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1538 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1539 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1546 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1549 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1550 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1551 const char *filename_over;
1553 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1554 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1556 filename_over = filename1;
1559 filename_over = filename2;
1562 while (offset < progress_base) {
1563 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1564 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1568 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1573 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1574 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1575 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1576 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1582 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1586 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1596 qemu_progress_end();
1600 /* Convenience wrapper around qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge */
1601 static void do_dirty_bitmap_merge(const char *dst_node, const char *dst_name,
1602 const char *src_node, const char *src_name,
1605 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource *merge_src;
1606 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList *list = NULL;
1608 merge_src = g_new0(BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource, 1);
1609 merge_src->type = QTYPE_QDICT;
1610 merge_src->u.external.node = g_strdup(src_node);
1611 merge_src->u.external.name = g_strdup(src_name);
1612 QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(list, merge_src);
1613 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst_node, dst_name, list, errp);
1614 qapi_free_BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList(list);
1617 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1623 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1624 #define CONVERT_THROTTLE_GROUP "img_convert"
1626 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1628 int64_t *src_sectors;
1631 int64_t total_sectors;
1632 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1633 int64_t allocated_done;
1636 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1637 int64_t sector_next_status;
1638 BlockBackend *target;
1642 bool target_has_backing;
1643 int64_t target_backing_sectors; /* negative if unknown */
1650 size_t cluster_sectors;
1652 long num_coroutines;
1653 int running_coroutines;
1654 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1655 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1660 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1661 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1664 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1665 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1666 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1668 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1672 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1674 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1675 int ret, n, src_cur;
1676 bool post_backing_zero = false;
1678 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1680 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1681 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1683 if (s->target_backing_sectors >= 0) {
1684 if (sector_num >= s->target_backing_sectors) {
1685 post_backing_zero = true;
1686 } else if (sector_num + n > s->target_backing_sectors) {
1687 /* Split requests around target_backing_sectors (because
1688 * starting from there, zeros are handled differently) */
1689 n = s->target_backing_sectors - sector_num;
1693 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1694 uint64_t offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1697 BlockDriverState *src_bs = blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]);
1698 BlockDriverState *base;
1700 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1701 base = bdrv_cow_bs(bdrv_skip_filters(src_bs));
1707 count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1709 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(src_bs, base, offset, count, &count,
1716 warn_report("error while reading block status at "
1717 "offset %" PRIu64 ": %s", offset,
1720 /* Just try to read the data, then */
1721 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1722 count = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1724 /* Retry on a shorter range */
1725 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(n, 4);
1728 error_report("error while reading block status at offset "
1729 "%" PRIu64 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1735 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1738 * Avoid that s->sector_next_status becomes unaligned to the source
1739 * request alignment and/or cluster size to avoid unnecessary read
1742 tail = (sector_num - src_cur_offset + n) % s->src_alignment[src_cur];
1747 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1748 s->status = post_backing_zero ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_ZERO;
1749 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1750 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1752 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1755 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1758 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1759 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1760 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1763 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1764 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1765 * cluster allocated. */
1766 if (s->compressed) {
1767 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1768 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1769 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1771 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1778 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1779 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1781 uint64_t single_read_until = 0;
1784 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1785 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1788 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1791 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1792 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1793 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1794 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1795 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1796 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1798 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1800 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1801 if (single_read_until > offset) {
1805 ret = blk_co_pread(blk, offset, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, 0);
1809 single_read_until = offset + (n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1813 warn_report("error while reading offset %" PRIu64
1814 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1816 memset(buf, 0, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1825 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1832 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1833 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1834 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1838 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1840 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1843 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1844 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1845 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1846 * visible at the respective offset. */
1847 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1851 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1852 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1853 * it as zero sectors.
1854 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1855 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1857 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1859 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse,
1860 sector_num, s->alignment)) ||
1862 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1864 ret = blk_co_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1865 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, flags);
1874 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1875 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1878 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1879 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1880 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1881 BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1890 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1896 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1901 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1904 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1907 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1908 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1909 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1910 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1912 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1914 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1915 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1916 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0, 0);
1927 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1929 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1930 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1934 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1935 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1942 s->running_coroutines++;
1943 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1948 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1951 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1952 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1953 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1956 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1958 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1962 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1963 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1965 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1966 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1968 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1969 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1971 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1973 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1974 s->allocated_done += n;
1975 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1976 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1980 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
1981 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
1982 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1984 error_report("error while reading at byte %lld: %s",
1985 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
1988 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1990 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1993 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1994 /* keep writes in order */
1995 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1996 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1997 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1999 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
2002 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2004 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
2006 s->copy_range = false;
2010 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
2013 error_report("error while writing at byte %lld: %s",
2014 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
2019 if (s->wr_in_order) {
2020 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
2021 * for this write to complete */
2022 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
2023 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2024 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
2026 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
2027 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
2028 * B will never enter A during this time window.
2030 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2038 s->co[index] = NULL;
2039 s->running_coroutines--;
2040 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2041 /* the convert job finished successfully */
2046 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
2049 int64_t sector_num = 0;
2051 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
2052 if (!s->has_zero_init && s->target_is_new && s->min_sparse &&
2053 !s->target_has_backing) {
2054 s->has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target));
2057 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
2058 * can be copied at a time. */
2059 if (s->compressed) {
2060 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
2061 error_report("invalid cluster size");
2064 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
2067 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
2068 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
2072 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
2074 s->allocated_sectors += n;
2080 s->sector_next_status = 0;
2081 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
2083 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
2084 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2085 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
2086 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
2087 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2090 while (s->running_coroutines) {
2091 main_loop_wait(false);
2094 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
2095 /* signal EOF to align */
2096 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
2105 /* Check that bitmaps can be copied, or output an error */
2106 static int convert_check_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *src, bool skip_broken)
2108 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bm;
2110 if (!bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(src)) {
2111 error_report("Source lacks bitmap support");
2114 FOR_EACH_DIRTY_BITMAP(src, bm) {
2115 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bm)) {
2118 if (!skip_broken && bdrv_dirty_bitmap_inconsistent(bm)) {
2119 error_report("Cannot copy inconsistent bitmap '%s'",
2120 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bm));
2121 error_printf("Try --skip-broken-bitmaps, or "
2122 "use 'qemu-img bitmap --remove' to delete it\n");
2129 static int convert_copy_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *src, BlockDriverState *dst,
2132 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bm;
2135 FOR_EACH_DIRTY_BITMAP(src, bm) {
2138 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bm)) {
2141 name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bm);
2142 if (skip_broken && bdrv_dirty_bitmap_inconsistent(bm)) {
2143 warn_report("Skipping inconsistent bitmap '%s'", name);
2146 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(dst->node_name, name,
2147 true, bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bm),
2149 true, !bdrv_dirty_bitmap_enabled(bm),
2152 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to create bitmap %s: ", name);
2156 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst->node_name, name, src->node_name, name,
2159 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to populate bitmap %s: ", name);
2160 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_remove(dst->node_name, name, NULL);
2168 #define MAX_BUF_SECTORS 32768
2170 static void set_rate_limit(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t rate_limit)
2174 throttle_config_init(&cfg);
2175 cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].avg = rate_limit;
2177 blk_io_limits_enable(blk, CONVERT_THROTTLE_GROUP);
2178 blk_set_io_limits(blk, &cfg);
2181 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
2183 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = BDRV_O_NO_SHARE;
2184 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
2185 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
2186 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL,
2187 *backing_fmt = NULL;
2188 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
2189 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
2190 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
2191 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
2192 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2193 QDict *open_opts = NULL;
2194 char *options = NULL;
2195 Error *local_err = NULL;
2196 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, image_opts = false,
2197 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
2198 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
2199 bool force_share = false;
2200 bool explict_min_sparse = false;
2201 bool bitmaps = false;
2202 bool skip_broken = false;
2203 int64_t rate_limit = 0;
2205 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
2206 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
2208 .copy_range = false,
2209 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2210 .wr_in_order = true,
2211 .num_coroutines = 8,
2215 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2216 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2217 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2218 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2219 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2220 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2221 {"salvage", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SALVAGE},
2222 {"target-is-zero", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO},
2223 {"bitmaps", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BITMAPS},
2224 {"skip-broken-bitmaps", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SKIP_BROKEN},
2227 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:CcF:o:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WUr:",
2228 long_options, NULL);
2234 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2237 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2249 out_baseimg = optarg;
2252 s.copy_range = true;
2255 s.compressed = true;
2258 backing_fmt = optarg;
2261 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
2266 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2267 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2270 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2275 snapshot_name = optarg;
2282 sval = cvtnum("buffer size for sparse output", optarg);
2285 } else if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(sval, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) ||
2286 sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE > MAX_BUF_SECTORS) {
2287 error_report("Invalid buffer size for sparse output specified. "
2288 "Valid sizes are multiples of %llu up to %llu. Select "
2289 "0 to disable sparse detection (fully allocates output).",
2290 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SECTORS * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2294 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2295 explict_min_sparse = true;
2314 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2315 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2316 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2317 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2322 s.wr_in_order = false;
2328 rate_limit = cvtnum("rate limit", optarg);
2329 if (rate_limit < 0) {
2334 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
2336 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2339 case OPTION_SALVAGE:
2342 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2343 tgt_image_opts = true;
2345 case OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO:
2347 * The user asserting that the target is blank has the
2348 * same effect as the target driver supporting zero
2351 s.has_zero_init = true;
2353 case OPTION_BITMAPS:
2356 case OPTION_SKIP_BROKEN:
2362 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2366 if (skip_broken && !bitmaps) {
2367 error_report("Use of --skip-broken-bitmaps requires --bitmaps");
2371 if (s.compressed && s.copy_range) {
2372 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used");
2376 if (explict_min_sparse && s.copy_range) {
2377 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used");
2381 if (s.copy_range && s.salvage) {
2382 error_report("Cannot use copy offloading in salvaging mode");
2386 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2387 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2391 if (skip_create && options) {
2392 error_report("-o has no effect when skipping image creation");
2396 if (s.has_zero_init && !skip_create) {
2397 error_report("--target-is-zero requires use of -n flag");
2401 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2402 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2404 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2406 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2409 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2414 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2415 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2419 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2420 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2422 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2426 /* Initialize before goto out */
2430 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2431 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2433 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2434 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2435 s.src_alignment = g_new(int, s.src_num);
2437 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2438 BlockDriverState *src_bs;
2439 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2440 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, s.quiet,
2446 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2447 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2448 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2449 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2453 src_bs = blk_bs(s.src[bs_i]);
2454 s.src_alignment[bs_i] = DIV_ROUND_UP(src_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2456 if (!bdrv_get_info(src_bs, &bdi)) {
2457 s.src_alignment[bs_i] = MAX(s.src_alignment[bs_i],
2458 bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2460 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2464 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2465 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2466 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2468 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2469 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2470 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2475 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2479 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2485 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2486 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2488 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2493 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2495 error_report_err(local_err);
2500 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2501 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2507 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2508 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2509 proto_drv->format_name);
2514 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2515 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2517 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2519 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err)) {
2520 error_report_err(local_err);
2526 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2527 s.total_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, &error_abort);
2528 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, backing_fmt);
2534 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2535 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2536 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2537 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2539 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2541 if (s.has_zero_init && s.target_has_backing) {
2542 error_report("Cannot use --target-is-zero when the destination "
2543 "image has a backing file");
2547 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2548 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2549 "concatenating multiple input images");
2554 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2555 if (!qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT)) {
2556 error_report("Use of backing file requires explicit "
2563 /* Check if compression is supported */
2566 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2567 const char *encryptfmt =
2568 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2569 const char *preallocation =
2570 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2572 if (drv && !block_driver_can_compress(drv)) {
2573 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2578 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2579 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2586 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2588 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2595 /* Determine if bitmaps need copying */
2597 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2598 error_report("Copying bitmaps only possible with single source");
2602 ret = convert_check_bitmaps(blk_bs(s.src[0]), skip_broken);
2609 * The later open call will need any decryption secrets, and
2610 * bdrv_create() will purge "opts", so extract them now before
2614 open_opts = qdict_new();
2615 qemu_opt_foreach(opts, img_add_key_secrets, open_opts, &error_abort);
2617 /* Create the new image */
2618 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2620 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2621 out_filename, out_fmt);
2626 s.target_is_new = !skip_create;
2628 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2629 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2631 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2635 if (flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE) {
2637 * If we open the target with O_DIRECT, it may be necessary to
2638 * extend its size to align to the physical sector size.
2640 flags |= BDRV_O_RESIZE;
2644 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2645 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2647 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2648 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2649 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2650 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2652 s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, open_opts, out_fmt,
2653 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2654 open_opts = NULL; /* blk_new_open will have freed it */
2660 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2662 if (bitmaps && !bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(out_bs)) {
2663 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support bitmaps",
2664 out_bs->drv->format_name);
2669 if (s.compressed && !block_driver_can_compress(out_bs->drv)) {
2670 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2675 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2676 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to
2677 * MAX_BUF_SECTORS as maximum which is currently 32768 (16MB). */
2678 s.buf_sectors = MIN(MAX_BUF_SECTORS,
2680 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2681 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2682 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2684 /* try to align the write requests to the destination to avoid unnecessary
2686 s.alignment = MAX(pow2floor(s.min_sparse),
2687 DIV_ROUND_UP(out_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2689 assert(is_power_of_2(s.alignment));
2692 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2693 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2694 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2695 strerror(-output_sectors));
2698 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2699 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2705 if (s.target_has_backing && s.target_is_new) {
2706 /* Errors are treated as "backing length unknown" (which means
2707 * s.target_backing_sectors has to be negative, which it will
2708 * be automatically). The backing file length is used only
2709 * for optimizations, so such a case is not fatal. */
2710 s.target_backing_sectors =
2711 bdrv_nb_sectors(bdrv_backing_chain_next(out_bs));
2713 s.target_backing_sectors = -1;
2716 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2719 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2723 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2724 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2728 set_rate_limit(s.target, rate_limit);
2731 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2733 /* Now copy the bitmaps */
2734 if (bitmaps && ret == 0) {
2735 ret = convert_copy_bitmaps(blk_bs(s.src[0]), out_bs, skip_broken);
2740 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2742 qemu_progress_end();
2743 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2744 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2745 qobject_unref(open_opts);
2746 blk_unref(s.target);
2748 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2749 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2753 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2754 g_free(s.src_alignment);
2756 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2763 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2765 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2768 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2771 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2772 bdrv_snapshot_dump(NULL);
2774 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2776 bdrv_snapshot_dump(sn);
2782 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2786 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2788 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2789 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2790 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj, true);
2791 assert(str != NULL);
2792 printf("%s\n", str->str);
2795 g_string_free(str, true);
2798 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2802 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2804 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2805 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2806 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj, true);
2807 assert(str != NULL);
2808 printf("%s\n", str->str);
2811 g_string_free(str, true);
2814 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2816 ImageInfoList *elem;
2819 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2825 bdrv_image_info_dump(elem->value);
2829 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2831 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2835 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2837 * @filename: topmost image filename
2838 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2839 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2840 * false - only topmost image file
2842 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2843 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2846 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2847 const char *filename,
2849 bool chain, bool force_share)
2851 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2852 ImageInfoList **tail = &head;
2853 GHashTable *filenames;
2856 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2860 BlockDriverState *bs;
2863 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2864 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2868 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2870 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2871 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2878 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2880 error_report_err(err);
2885 QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, info);
2889 /* Clear parameters that only apply to the topmost image */
2890 filename = fmt = NULL;
2894 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2895 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2896 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2897 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2898 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2899 info->backing_filename);
2902 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2903 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2907 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2911 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2912 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2916 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2919 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2921 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2922 ImageInfoList *list;
2923 bool image_opts = false;
2924 bool force_share = false;
2929 int option_index = 0;
2930 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2931 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2932 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2933 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2934 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2935 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2936 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2937 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2940 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2941 long_options, &option_index);
2947 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2950 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2964 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2968 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
2970 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2975 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2976 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2978 filename = argv[optind++];
2980 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2981 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2982 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2983 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2984 } else if (output) {
2985 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2989 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2995 switch (output_format) {
2997 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
3001 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
3003 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
3008 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
3012 static int dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
3015 switch (output_format) {
3017 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
3018 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
3021 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
3022 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
3023 e->start, e->length,
3024 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
3025 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
3027 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
3028 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
3030 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
3036 printf("{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
3037 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"present\": %s, \"zero\": %s,"
3038 " \"data\": %s", e->start, e->length, e->depth,
3039 e->present ? "true" : "false",
3040 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
3041 e->data ? "true" : "false");
3042 if (e->has_offset) {
3043 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
3055 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
3056 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
3060 BlockDriverState *file;
3063 char *filename = NULL;
3065 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
3066 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
3072 bs = bdrv_skip_filters(bs);
3073 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
3078 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
3081 bs = bdrv_cow_bs(bs);
3090 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
3092 if (file && has_offset) {
3093 bdrv_refresh_filename(file);
3094 filename = file->filename;
3100 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
3101 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
3103 .has_offset = has_offset,
3105 .present = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED),
3106 .has_filename = filename,
3107 .filename = filename,
3113 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
3115 if (curr->length == 0) {
3118 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
3119 curr->data != next->data ||
3120 curr->depth != next->depth ||
3121 curr->present != next->present ||
3122 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
3123 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
3126 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
3129 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
3135 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
3138 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3140 BlockDriverState *bs;
3141 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
3143 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
3145 bool image_opts = false;
3146 bool force_share = false;
3147 int64_t start_offset = 0;
3148 int64_t max_length = -1;
3153 int option_index = 0;
3154 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3155 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3156 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
3157 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
3158 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3159 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3160 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3161 {"start-offset", required_argument, 0, 's'},
3162 {"max-length", required_argument, 0, 'l'},
3165 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:s:l:hU",
3166 long_options, &option_index);
3172 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3175 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3190 start_offset = cvtnum("start offset", optarg);
3191 if (start_offset < 0) {
3196 max_length = cvtnum("max length", optarg);
3197 if (max_length < 0) {
3202 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
3204 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3209 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3210 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3212 filename = argv[optind];
3214 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
3215 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
3216 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
3217 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3218 } else if (output) {
3219 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
3223 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
3229 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
3230 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
3231 } else if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3235 length = blk_getlength(blk);
3237 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", filename);
3240 if (max_length != -1) {
3241 length = MIN(start_offset + max_length, length);
3244 curr.start = start_offset;
3245 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
3246 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
3247 int64_t n = length - offset;
3249 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
3251 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
3255 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
3256 curr.length += next.length;
3260 if (curr.length > 0) {
3261 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
3269 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
3270 if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3279 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
3280 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
3281 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
3282 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
3284 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
3287 BlockDriverState *bs;
3288 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
3289 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
3290 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
3295 bool image_opts = false;
3296 bool force_share = false;
3298 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3299 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3301 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3302 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3303 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3304 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3305 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3308 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
3309 long_options, NULL);
3315 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3318 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3325 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3328 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
3329 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
3333 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3336 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
3337 snapshot_name = optarg;
3341 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3344 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
3345 snapshot_name = optarg;
3349 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3352 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
3353 snapshot_name = optarg;
3362 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
3364 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3370 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3371 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3373 filename = argv[optind++];
3375 /* Open the image */
3376 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3383 /* Perform the requested action */
3389 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3390 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3391 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3393 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3394 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3395 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3397 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3399 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3400 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3404 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3405 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3407 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3412 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3413 ret = bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, &sn, snapshot_name);
3415 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': snapshot not "
3416 "found", snapshot_name);
3419 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn.id_str, sn.name, &err);
3421 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3437 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3439 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3440 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3441 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3442 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *prefix_chain_bs = NULL;
3443 BlockDriverState *unfiltered_bs;
3445 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3446 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3447 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3449 bool force_share = false;
3452 Error *local_err = NULL;
3453 bool image_opts = false;
3455 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3457 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3458 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3462 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3463 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3464 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3465 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3466 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3469 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3470 long_options, NULL);
3476 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3479 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3488 out_basefmt = optarg;
3491 out_baseimg = optarg;
3509 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
3511 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3524 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3525 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3527 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3528 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3530 filename = argv[optind++];
3532 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3533 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3535 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3536 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3538 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3543 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3545 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3549 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3550 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3551 (void) src_writethrough;
3556 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3557 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3559 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3567 unfiltered_bs = bdrv_skip_filters(bs);
3569 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3570 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3571 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3577 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3579 QDict *options = NULL;
3580 BlockDriverState *base_bs = bdrv_cow_bs(unfiltered_bs);
3583 blk_old_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3584 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3586 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_old_backing, base_bs,
3589 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3590 "Could not reuse old backing file '%s': ",
3595 blk_old_backing = NULL;
3598 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3599 const char *overlay_filename;
3600 char *out_real_path;
3602 options = qdict_new();
3604 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3607 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3610 bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
3611 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3614 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3618 qobject_unref(options);
3619 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3620 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3626 * Find out whether we rebase an image on top of a previous image
3629 prefix_chain_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, out_real_path);
3630 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3631 qobject_unref(options);
3632 g_free(out_real_path);
3634 blk_new_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3635 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3637 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_new_backing, prefix_chain_bs,
3640 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3641 "Could not reuse backing file '%s': ",
3646 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3647 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3648 g_free(out_real_path);
3649 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3650 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3651 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3661 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3662 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3663 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3664 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3666 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3667 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3671 int64_t old_backing_size = 0;
3672 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3675 float local_progress = 0;
3677 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3678 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3680 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3682 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3683 filename, strerror(-size));
3687 if (blk_old_backing) {
3688 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3689 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3690 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3692 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name,
3693 sizeof(backing_name));
3694 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3695 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3700 if (blk_new_backing) {
3701 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3702 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3703 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3704 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3711 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3714 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3715 bool buf_old_is_zero = false;
3717 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3718 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3720 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3721 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(unfiltered_bs, offset, n, &n);
3723 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3731 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3733 * If cluster wasn't changed since prefix_chain, we don't need
3736 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bdrv_cow_bs(unfiltered_bs),
3737 prefix_chain_bs, false,
3740 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3750 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3751 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3753 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3754 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3755 buf_old_is_zero = true;
3757 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3758 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3761 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3763 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3768 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3769 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3771 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3772 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3775 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3777 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3782 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3783 uint64_t written = 0;
3785 while (written < n) {
3788 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3789 n - written, &pnum))
3791 if (buf_old_is_zero) {
3792 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset + written, pnum, 0);
3794 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3795 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3798 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3806 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3811 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3812 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3813 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3815 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3816 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(unfiltered_bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt,
3819 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(unfiltered_bs, NULL, NULL, false);
3822 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3823 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3824 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3825 } else if (ret == -EINVAL && out_baseimg && !out_basefmt) {
3826 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': backing "
3827 "format must be specified", out_baseimg);
3828 } else if (ret < 0) {
3829 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3830 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3833 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3835 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3836 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3837 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3838 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3841 qemu_progress_end();
3844 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3845 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3847 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3848 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3857 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3860 int c, ret, relative;
3861 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3862 int64_t n, total_size, current_size;
3864 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3865 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3868 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3869 .name = "resize_options",
3870 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3873 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3874 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3875 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3881 bool image_opts = false;
3882 bool shrink = false;
3884 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3885 * as options by getopt. */
3887 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3891 size = argv[--argc];
3893 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3896 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3897 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3898 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3899 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3900 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3901 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3904 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3905 long_options, NULL);
3911 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3914 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3926 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
3928 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3931 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3932 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3933 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3934 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3935 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3944 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3945 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3947 filename = argv[optind++];
3949 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3965 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3966 if (!qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err)) {
3967 error_report_err(err);
3969 qemu_opts_del(param);
3972 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3973 qemu_opts_del(param);
3975 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3976 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3983 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3984 if (current_size < 0) {
3985 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3986 strerror(-current_size));
3992 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3996 if (total_size <= 0) {
3997 error_report("New image size must be positive");
4002 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
4003 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
4008 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
4009 error_report("Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
4010 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
4011 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
4012 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
4018 * The user expects the image to have the desired size after
4019 * resizing, so pass @exact=true. It is of no use to report
4020 * success when the image has not actually been resized.
4022 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, true, prealloc, 0, &err);
4024 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
4026 error_report_err(err);
4036 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
4037 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
4040 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
4043 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
4047 /* Find driver and parse its options */
4048 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
4050 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
4054 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4055 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4060 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have amend_opts */
4061 assert(drv->amend_opts);
4063 printf("Amend options for '%s':\n", format);
4064 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->amend_opts, false);
4068 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
4072 char *options = NULL;
4073 QemuOptsList *amend_opts = NULL;
4074 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4075 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
4078 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
4079 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4080 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
4081 bool image_opts = false;
4084 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
4086 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4087 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4088 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4089 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4090 {"force", no_argument, 0, OPTION_FORCE},
4093 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
4094 long_options, NULL);
4101 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4104 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4110 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
4112 goto out_no_progress;
4128 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
4130 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4140 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
4146 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
4148 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
4149 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
4150 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
4151 * given), print option help here */
4152 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4156 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4157 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
4162 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
4163 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
4165 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
4169 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4177 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
4179 if (has_help_option(options)) {
4180 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
4181 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4185 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4186 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4192 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have amend_opts */
4193 assert(bs->drv->amend_opts);
4195 amend_opts = qemu_opts_append(amend_opts, bs->drv->amend_opts);
4196 opts = qemu_opts_create(amend_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4197 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err)) {
4198 /* Try to parse options using the create options */
4199 amend_opts = qemu_opts_append(amend_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
4200 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4201 opts = qemu_opts_create(amend_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4202 if (qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, NULL)) {
4203 error_append_hint(&err,
4204 "This option is only supported for image creation\n");
4207 error_report_err(err);
4212 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
4213 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
4214 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, force, &err);
4215 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
4217 error_report_err(err);
4222 qemu_progress_end();
4226 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4227 qemu_opts_free(amend_opts);
4236 typedef struct BenchData {
4238 uint64_t image_size;
4245 bool drain_on_flush;
4254 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4257 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4262 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4264 BenchData *b = opaque;
4268 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4273 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
4274 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
4275 b->in_flush = false;
4276 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
4277 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
4282 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
4283 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
4284 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
4285 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
4287 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4291 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
4294 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
4296 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
4300 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4306 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
4307 int64_t offset = b->offset;
4308 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
4309 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
4310 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
4313 b->offset += b->step;
4314 b->offset %= b->image_size;
4316 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4318 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4321 error_report("Failed to issue request");
4327 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
4330 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
4332 bool image_opts = false;
4333 bool is_write = false;
4337 size_t bufsize = 4096;
4340 int flush_interval = 0;
4341 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4343 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4344 BenchData data = {};
4346 bool writethrough = false;
4347 struct timeval t1, t2;
4349 bool force_share = false;
4353 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4354 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4355 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4356 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4357 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4358 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4359 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4362 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:ni:o:qs:S:t:wU", long_options,
4370 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4373 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4382 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4383 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4393 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4394 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4404 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4407 ret = bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags);
4409 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
4416 offset = cvtnum("offset", optarg);
4430 sval = cvtnum_full("buffer size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4442 sval = cvtnum_full("step_size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4451 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4453 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4459 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4465 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4469 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4470 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4476 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4480 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4481 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4484 flush_interval = res;
4487 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4488 drain_on_flush = false;
4490 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4496 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4497 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4499 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4501 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4502 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4506 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4507 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4512 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4519 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4520 if (image_size < 0) {
4525 data = (BenchData) {
4527 .image_size = image_size,
4529 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4534 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4535 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4537 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4538 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4539 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4540 data.offset, data.step);
4541 if (flush_interval) {
4542 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4545 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4546 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4547 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4549 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4551 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4552 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4553 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4554 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4555 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4558 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4561 while (data.n > 0) {
4562 main_loop_wait(false);
4564 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4566 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4567 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4568 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4572 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4574 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4591 typedef struct ImgBitmapAction {
4592 enum ImgBitmapAct act;
4593 const char *src; /* only used for merge */
4594 QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(ImgBitmapAction) next;
4597 static int img_bitmap(int argc, char **argv)
4601 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4602 const char *fmt = NULL, *src_fmt = NULL, *src_filename = NULL;
4603 const char *filename, *bitmap;
4604 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *src = NULL;
4605 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *src_bs = NULL;
4606 bool image_opts = false;
4607 int64_t granularity = 0;
4608 bool add = false, merge = false;
4609 QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, ImgBitmapAction) actions;
4610 ImgBitmapAction *act, *act_next;
4613 QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&actions);
4616 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4617 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4618 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4619 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4620 {"add", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ADD},
4621 {"remove", no_argument, 0, OPTION_REMOVE},
4622 {"clear", no_argument, 0, OPTION_CLEAR},
4623 {"enable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ENABLE},
4624 {"disable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_DISABLE},
4625 {"merge", required_argument, 0, OPTION_MERGE},
4626 {"granularity", required_argument, 0, 'g'},
4627 {"source-file", required_argument, 0, 'b'},
4628 {"source-format", required_argument, 0, 'F'},
4631 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":b:f:F:g:h", long_options, NULL);
4638 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4641 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4647 src_filename = optarg;
4656 granularity = cvtnum("granularity", optarg);
4657 if (granularity < 0) {
4662 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4663 act->act = BITMAP_ADD;
4664 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4668 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4669 act->act = BITMAP_REMOVE;
4670 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4673 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4674 act->act = BITMAP_CLEAR;
4675 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4678 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4679 act->act = BITMAP_ENABLE;
4680 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4682 case OPTION_DISABLE:
4683 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4684 act->act = BITMAP_DISABLE;
4685 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4688 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4689 act->act = BITMAP_MERGE;
4691 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4695 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
4697 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4703 if (QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&actions)) {
4704 error_report("Need at least one of --add, --remove, --clear, "
4705 "--enable, --disable, or --merge");
4709 if (granularity && !add) {
4710 error_report("granularity only supported with --add");
4713 if (src_fmt && !src_filename) {
4714 error_report("-F only supported with -b");
4717 if (src_filename && !merge) {
4718 error_report("Merge bitmap source file only supported with "
4723 if (optind != argc - 2) {
4724 error_report("Expecting filename and bitmap name");
4728 filename = argv[optind];
4729 bitmap = argv[optind + 1];
4732 * No need to open backing chains; we will be manipulating bitmaps
4733 * directly in this image without reference to image contents.
4735 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING,
4736 false, false, false);
4742 src = img_open(false, src_filename, src_fmt, BDRV_O_NO_BACKING,
4743 false, false, false);
4747 src_bs = blk_bs(src);
4752 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(act, &actions, next, act_next) {
4755 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(bs->node_name, bitmap,
4756 !!granularity, granularity, true, true,
4757 false, false, &err);
4761 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_remove(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4765 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_clear(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4769 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_enable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4772 case BITMAP_DISABLE:
4773 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_disable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4777 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(bs->node_name, bitmap, src_bs->node_name,
4782 g_assert_not_reached();
4786 error_reportf_err(err, "Operation %s on bitmap %s failed: ",
4798 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4814 int bsz; /* Block size */
4822 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4826 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4827 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4832 res = cvtnum_full("bs", arg, 1, INT_MAX);
4837 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4842 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4843 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4846 dd->count = cvtnum("count", arg);
4848 if (dd->count < 0) {
4855 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4856 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4859 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4864 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4865 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4868 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4873 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4874 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4877 in->offset = cvtnum("skip", arg);
4879 if (in->offset < 0) {
4886 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4891 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4892 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4893 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4894 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4895 Error *local_err = NULL;
4896 bool image_opts = false;
4898 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4899 const char *fmt = NULL;
4901 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4902 bool force_share = false;
4903 struct DdInfo dd = {
4908 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4920 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4921 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4922 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4923 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4924 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4925 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4928 const struct option long_options[] = {
4929 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4930 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4931 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4932 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4936 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4948 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4951 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4960 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
4962 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4968 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4970 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4972 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4974 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4981 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4982 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4986 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4987 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4992 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4996 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
5001 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
5002 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
5007 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
5015 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5017 error_report("Unknown file format");
5021 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
5024 error_report_err(local_err);
5028 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5029 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5034 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
5035 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5036 proto_drv->format_name);
5040 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5041 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
5043 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5045 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
5047 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
5052 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
5053 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
5054 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
5057 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
5058 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5059 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
5060 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
5062 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
5063 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
5066 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
5068 error_reportf_err(local_err,
5069 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
5075 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
5076 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
5077 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
5078 * support image-opts style.
5080 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
5081 false, false, false);
5088 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5089 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
5090 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
5091 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
5093 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
5096 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
5099 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
5101 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
5102 int in_ret, out_ret;
5104 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
5105 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
5107 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
5110 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
5117 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
5120 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
5121 strerror(-out_ret));
5130 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5131 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5134 g_free(in.filename);
5135 g_free(out.filename);
5145 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
5149 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
5151 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
5152 visit_complete(v, &obj);
5153 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj, true);
5154 assert(str != NULL);
5155 printf("%s\n", str->str);
5158 g_string_free(str, true);
5161 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
5163 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5164 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5165 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
5166 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
5167 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
5168 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
5169 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
5172 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5173 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
5175 const char *filename = NULL;
5176 const char *fmt = NULL;
5177 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
5178 char *options = NULL;
5179 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
5180 bool force_share = false;
5181 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
5182 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
5183 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
5184 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
5185 bool image_opts = false;
5186 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
5187 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
5188 Error *local_err = NULL;
5192 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
5193 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5206 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
5211 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
5212 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
5215 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
5220 snapshot_name = optarg;
5227 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
5229 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
5233 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
5234 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
5235 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
5236 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5238 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
5247 sval = cvtnum("image size", optarg);
5251 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
5257 if (argc - optind > 1) {
5258 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
5260 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
5261 filename = argv[optind];
5264 if (!filename && (image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
5265 error_report("--image-opts, -f, and -l require a filename argument.");
5268 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5269 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
5272 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
5273 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
5278 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
5279 false, false, force_share);
5285 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
5286 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
5287 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
5289 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
5290 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
5291 snapshot_name, &local_err);
5294 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
5299 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5301 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5304 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5305 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5310 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5311 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
5312 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5314 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err)) {
5315 error_report_err(local_err);
5316 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5320 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5321 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
5324 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
5326 error_report_err(local_err);
5330 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
5331 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
5332 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
5333 if (info->has_bitmaps) {
5334 printf("bitmaps size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->bitmaps);
5337 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
5343 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
5344 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
5345 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5346 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
5347 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5353 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
5354 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
5355 { option, callback },
5356 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
5361 int main(int argc, char **argv)
5363 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
5364 const char *cmdname;
5366 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5367 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5368 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
5369 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
5374 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
5378 error_init(argv[0]);
5379 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
5380 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
5382 qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
5384 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
5386 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
5389 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
5392 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
5393 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
5395 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5398 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
5401 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
5407 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
5410 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
5415 cmdname = argv[optind];
5417 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
5423 qemu_reset_optind();
5425 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
5429 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
5431 /* find the command */
5432 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
5433 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
5434 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
5439 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);