2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "block/block_int.h"
33 #include "block/qapi.h"
42 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
44 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
49 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
52 typedef enum OutputFormat {
57 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
58 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
59 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
61 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
66 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
67 static void help(void)
69 const char *help_msg =
70 "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
71 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
72 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
75 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
77 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
81 "Command parameters:\n"
82 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
83 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
84 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
85 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
86 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
87 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
88 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
89 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
90 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
91 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
92 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
93 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
94 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
96 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
97 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
99 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
101 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
102 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
103 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
104 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
105 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
106 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
107 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
108 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
109 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
110 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
111 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
113 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
114 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
115 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
117 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
118 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
119 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
120 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
121 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
123 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
124 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
125 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
126 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
127 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
128 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
130 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
131 " '-f' first image format\n"
132 " '-F' second image format\n"
133 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
135 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
136 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
141 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
147 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
154 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
155 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
158 printf("Password: ");
165 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
176 static struct termios oldtty;
178 static void term_exit(void)
180 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
183 static void term_init(void)
190 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
191 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
192 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
193 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
194 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
199 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
204 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
209 printf("password: ");
214 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
216 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
222 } else if (ret == 0) {
230 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
241 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
243 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
244 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL;
246 /* Find driver and parse its options */
247 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
249 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
253 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
254 drv->create_options);
257 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true);
259 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename);
262 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
263 proto_drv->create_options);
266 print_option_help(create_options);
267 free_option_parameters(create_options);
271 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *filename,
277 BlockDriverState *bs;
280 Error *local_err = NULL;
283 bs = bdrv_new("image");
286 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
288 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
295 ret = bdrv_open(&bs, filename, NULL, NULL, flags, drv, &local_err);
297 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename,
298 error_get_pretty(local_err));
299 error_free(local_err);
303 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
304 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
305 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
306 error_report("No password given");
309 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
310 error_report("invalid password");
320 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QEMUOptionParameter *list,
321 const char *base_filename,
322 const char *base_fmt)
325 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
326 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
332 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
333 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
341 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
344 uint64_t img_size = -1;
345 const char *fmt = "raw";
346 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
347 const char *filename;
348 const char *base_filename = NULL;
349 char *options = NULL;
350 Error *local_err = NULL;
354 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
367 base_filename = optarg;
373 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
374 "encryption\' instead!");
377 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
378 "compat6\' instead!");
381 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
382 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
386 options = g_strdup(optarg);
388 char *old_options = options;
389 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
399 /* Get the filename */
400 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
401 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
403 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
406 if (optind >= argc) {
411 /* Get image size, if specified */
415 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
416 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
417 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
418 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
420 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
421 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
422 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
423 "petabytes and exabytes.");
427 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
429 if (optind != argc) {
433 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
434 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS, &local_err, quiet);
436 error_report("%s: %s", filename, error_get_pretty(local_err));
437 error_free(local_err);
449 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
453 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
455 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
456 &check, NULL, &errp);
457 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
458 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
460 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
462 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
466 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
468 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
469 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
471 if (check->corruptions) {
472 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
473 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
480 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
481 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
485 if (check->check_errors) {
488 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
489 check->check_errors);
493 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
494 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
495 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
496 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
497 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
498 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
499 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
500 check->allocated_clusters);
503 if (check->image_end_offset) {
505 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
509 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
511 const char *filename,
516 BdrvCheckResult result;
518 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
523 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
524 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
525 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
526 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
527 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
528 check->leaks = result.leaks;
529 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
530 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
531 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
532 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
533 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
534 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
535 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
536 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
537 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
538 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
539 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
540 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
541 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
542 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
543 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
549 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
551 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
552 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
553 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
554 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
556 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
559 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
560 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
561 BlockDriverState *bs;
563 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
570 int option_index = 0;
571 static const struct option long_options[] = {
572 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
573 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
574 {"repair", no_argument, 0, 'r'},
575 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
578 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hr:q",
579 long_options, &option_index);
592 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
594 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
595 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
596 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
597 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
610 if (optind != argc - 1) {
613 filename = argv[optind++];
615 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
616 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
617 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
618 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
620 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
624 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
629 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
630 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
632 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
633 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
634 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
640 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
641 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
643 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
644 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
646 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
648 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
649 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
650 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
651 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
653 check->corruptions_fixed);
656 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
658 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
659 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
662 switch (output_format) {
664 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
667 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
671 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
676 if (check->corruptions) {
678 } else if (check->leaks) {
685 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
691 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
694 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache;
695 BlockDriverState *bs;
699 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
701 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:q");
721 if (optind != argc - 1) {
724 filename = argv[optind++];
727 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
729 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
733 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
737 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
740 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
743 error_report("No disk inserted");
746 error_report("Image is read-only");
749 error_report("Image is already committed");
752 error_report("Error while committing image");
764 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
767 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
768 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
770 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
779 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
780 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
782 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
791 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
792 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
793 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
795 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
799 int num_checked, num_used;
805 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
811 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
813 num_checked = num_used;
816 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
818 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
820 num_checked += *pnum;
822 num_used = num_checked;
823 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
833 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
834 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
836 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
837 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
839 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
849 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
850 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
854 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
863 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
865 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
867 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
870 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
872 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
876 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
878 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
879 * data and negative value on error.
881 * @param bs: Driver used for accessing file
882 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
883 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
884 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
885 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
886 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
888 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sect_num,
889 int sect_count, const char *filename,
890 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
893 ret = bdrv_read(bs, sect_num, buffer, sect_count);
895 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
896 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
899 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
900 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
901 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
902 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
910 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
912 * 0 - Images are identical
914 * >1 - Error occurred
916 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
918 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *filename1, *filename2;
919 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
920 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
921 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
923 int allocated1, allocated2;
924 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
925 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
926 int64_t total_sectors;
927 int64_t sector_num = 0;
931 uint64_t progress_base;
934 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hpf:F:sq");
961 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
967 if (optind != argc - 2) {
970 filename1 = argv[optind++];
971 filename2 = argv[optind++];
973 /* Initialize before goto out */
974 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
976 bs1 = bdrv_new_open(filename1, fmt1, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
978 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename1);
983 bs2 = bdrv_new_open(filename2, fmt2, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
985 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename2);
990 buf1 = qemu_blockalign(bs1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
991 buf2 = qemu_blockalign(bs2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
992 bdrv_get_geometry(bs1, &bs_sectors);
993 total_sectors1 = bs_sectors;
994 bdrv_get_geometry(bs2, &bs_sectors);
995 total_sectors2 = bs_sectors;
996 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
997 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
999 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1001 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1003 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1008 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1009 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1012 allocated1 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1014 if (allocated1 < 0) {
1016 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1020 allocated2 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1022 if (allocated2 < 0) {
1024 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1027 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1029 if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1031 ret = bdrv_read(bs1, sector_num, buf1, nb_sectors);
1033 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1034 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1039 ret = bdrv_read(bs2, sector_num, buf2, nb_sectors);
1041 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1042 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1043 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1047 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1048 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1049 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1051 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1059 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1060 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1061 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1066 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1067 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1069 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1070 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1074 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1075 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1081 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1082 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1085 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1086 BlockDriverState *bs_over;
1087 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1088 const char *filename_over;
1090 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1091 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1092 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1094 filename_over = filename1;
1096 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1098 filename_over = filename2;
1102 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1103 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1106 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs_over, NULL, sector_num,
1110 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1117 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1118 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1121 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1122 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1123 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1129 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1130 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1134 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1144 qemu_progress_end();
1148 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1150 int c, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1152 int progress = 0, flags;
1153 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1154 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1155 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1156 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
1157 uint64_t bs_sectors;
1158 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
1159 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1160 const uint8_t *buf1;
1161 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1162 QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL, *create_options = NULL;
1163 QEMUOptionParameter *out_baseimg_param;
1164 char *options = NULL;
1165 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1166 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1168 Error *local_err = NULL;
1169 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1171 /* Initialize before goto out */
1172 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1181 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:B:s:hce6o:pS:t:qnl:");
1197 out_baseimg = optarg;
1203 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1204 "encryption\' instead!");
1208 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1209 "compat6\' instead!");
1213 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1214 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1219 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1221 char *old_options = options;
1222 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1223 g_free(old_options);
1227 snapshot_name = optarg;
1230 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1231 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
1233 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1239 snapshot_name = optarg;
1246 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1247 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1248 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1253 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1275 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1276 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1278 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1279 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1288 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1289 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1295 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1297 bs = g_malloc0(bs_n * sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
1300 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1301 bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true,
1304 error_report("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
1308 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1309 total_sectors += bs_sectors;
1313 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1314 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1315 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1317 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1319 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1324 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1327 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1328 error_get_pretty(local_err));
1329 error_free(local_err);
1334 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1335 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1337 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1342 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true);
1344 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename);
1349 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1350 drv->create_options);
1351 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1352 proto_drv->create_options);
1355 param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options, param);
1356 if (param == NULL) {
1357 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", out_fmt);
1362 param = parse_option_parameters("", create_options, param);
1365 set_option_parameter_int(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
1366 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, param, out_baseimg, NULL);
1371 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1372 out_baseimg_param = get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1373 if (out_baseimg_param) {
1374 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param->value.s;
1377 /* Check if compression is supported */
1379 QEMUOptionParameter *encryption =
1380 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT);
1381 QEMUOptionParameter *preallocation =
1382 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
1384 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
1385 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1390 if (encryption && encryption->value.n) {
1391 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1397 if (preallocation && preallocation->value.s
1398 && strcmp(preallocation->value.s, "off"))
1400 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1408 /* Create the new image */
1409 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, param, &local_err);
1411 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1412 out_filename, out_fmt, error_get_pretty(local_err));
1413 error_free(local_err);
1418 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1419 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1421 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1425 out_bs = bdrv_new_open(out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true, quiet);
1433 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
1435 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1436 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1438 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
1439 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
1440 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
1443 buf = qemu_blockalign(out_bs, bufsectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1446 int64_t output_length = bdrv_getlength(out_bs);
1447 if (output_length < 0) {
1448 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1449 strerror(-output_length));
1452 } else if (output_length < total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) {
1453 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1459 cluster_sectors = 0;
1460 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
1463 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1467 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1471 if (cluster_sectors <= 0 || cluster_sectors > bufsectors) {
1472 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1478 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1485 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1486 if (nb_sectors <= 0)
1488 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
1489 n = cluster_sectors;
1493 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
1494 assert (bs_num >= 0);
1497 while (remainder > 0) {
1499 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
1501 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1502 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1503 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1505 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1506 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1507 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1509 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
1511 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
1513 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
1515 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1516 bs_num, strerror(-ret));
1525 assert (remainder == 0);
1527 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1528 ret = bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf, n);
1530 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1531 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1536 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sector_num / total_sectors, 0);
1538 /* signal EOF to align */
1539 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
1541 int64_t sectors_to_read, sectors_read, sector_num_next_status;
1542 bool count_allocated_sectors;
1543 int has_zero_init = min_sparse ? bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs) : 0;
1545 if (!has_zero_init && bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(out_bs)) {
1546 ret = bdrv_make_zero(out_bs, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1553 sectors_to_read = total_sectors;
1554 count_allocated_sectors = progress && (out_baseimg || has_zero_init);
1556 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1558 sector_num_next_status = 0;
1561 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1562 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1563 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1564 sectors_to_read = sectors_read;
1565 count_allocated_sectors = false;
1572 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
1574 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1575 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1576 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1577 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1578 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1579 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1582 if ((out_baseimg || has_zero_init) &&
1583 sector_num >= sector_num_next_status) {
1584 n = nb_sectors > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : nb_sectors;
1585 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
1588 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %"
1589 PRId64 ": %s", sector_num - bs_offset,
1593 /* If the output image is zero initialized, we are not working
1594 * on a shared base and the input is zero we can skip the next
1596 if (has_zero_init && !out_baseimg && (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1600 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write
1601 * image, assume that sectors which are unallocated in the
1602 * input image are present in both the output's and input's
1603 * base images (no need to copy them). */
1605 if (!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1609 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image.
1610 * Copy only those as they may be followed by unallocated
1614 /* avoid redundant callouts to get_block_status */
1615 sector_num_next_status = sector_num + n1;
1618 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bufsectors);
1620 /* round down request length to an aligned sector, but
1621 * do not bother doing this on short requests. They happen
1622 * when we found an all-zero area, and the next sector to
1623 * write will not be sector_num + n. */
1624 if (cluster_sectors > 0 && n >= cluster_sectors) {
1625 int64_t next_aligned_sector = (sector_num + n);
1626 next_aligned_sector -= next_aligned_sector % cluster_sectors;
1627 if (sector_num + n > next_aligned_sector) {
1628 n = next_aligned_sector - sector_num;
1632 n = MIN(n, bs_sectors - (sector_num - bs_offset));
1635 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1641 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
1643 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1644 sector_num - bs_offset, strerror(-ret));
1647 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1648 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1649 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1652 if (!has_zero_init ||
1653 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1, n, &n1, min_sparse)) {
1654 ret = bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1);
1656 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1657 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1665 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sectors_read / sectors_to_read, 0);
1670 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1672 qemu_progress_end();
1673 free_option_parameters(create_options);
1674 free_option_parameters(param);
1678 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1684 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1686 bdrv_unref(bs[bs_i]);
1698 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1700 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1703 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1706 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1707 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
1709 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1711 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
1717 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1721 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1723 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1724 &list, NULL, &errp);
1725 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1726 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1727 assert(str != NULL);
1728 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1729 qobject_decref(obj);
1730 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1734 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1738 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1740 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1741 &info, NULL, &errp);
1742 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1743 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1744 assert(str != NULL);
1745 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1746 qobject_decref(obj);
1747 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1751 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1753 ImageInfoList *elem;
1756 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
1762 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
1766 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1768 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
1772 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1774 * @filename: topmost image filename
1775 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1776 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1777 * false - only topmost image file
1779 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1780 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1783 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(const char *filename,
1787 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
1788 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
1789 GHashTable *filenames;
1792 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
1795 BlockDriverState *bs;
1797 ImageInfoList *elem;
1799 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
1800 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1804 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
1806 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING,
1812 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
1814 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
1819 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
1826 filename = fmt = NULL;
1828 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
1829 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
1830 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
1831 filename = info->backing_filename;
1833 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
1834 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
1838 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1842 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
1843 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1847 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
1850 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1852 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
1853 ImageInfoList *list;
1858 int option_index = 0;
1859 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1860 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1861 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
1862 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
1863 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
1866 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
1867 long_options, &option_index);
1882 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
1887 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1890 filename = argv[optind++];
1892 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
1893 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
1894 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
1895 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1896 } else if (output) {
1897 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1901 list = collect_image_info_list(filename, fmt, chain);
1906 switch (output_format) {
1908 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
1912 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
1914 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
1919 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
1924 typedef struct MapEntry {
1930 BlockDriverState *bs;
1933 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
1936 switch (output_format) {
1938 if ((e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) &&
1939 !(e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID)) {
1940 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
1943 if ((e->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1944 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
1945 e->start, e->length, e->offset, e->bs->filename);
1947 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
1948 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
1951 (next->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1952 next->flags &= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1953 next->flags |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
1957 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64", \"depth\": %d,"
1958 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
1959 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
1960 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
1961 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) ? "true" : "false",
1962 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) ? "true" : "false");
1963 if (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) {
1964 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
1975 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1976 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
1981 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
1982 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
1988 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors);
1993 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1996 bs = bs->backing_hd;
2005 e->start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2006 e->length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2007 e->flags = ret & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2008 e->offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2014 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2017 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2018 BlockDriverState *bs;
2019 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2021 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2027 int option_index = 0;
2028 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2029 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2030 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2031 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2034 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2035 long_options, &option_index);
2052 if (optind >= argc) {
2055 filename = argv[optind++];
2057 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2058 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2059 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2060 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2061 } else if (output) {
2062 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2066 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, false);
2071 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2072 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2075 length = bdrv_getlength(bs);
2076 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2077 int64_t nsectors_left;
2081 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2083 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2084 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2085 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2086 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2089 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2093 if (curr.length != 0 && curr.flags == next.flags &&
2094 curr.depth == next.depth &&
2095 ((curr.flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) == 0 ||
2096 curr.offset + curr.length == next.offset)) {
2097 curr.length += next.length;
2101 if (curr.length > 0) {
2102 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2107 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2114 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2115 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2116 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2117 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2119 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2121 BlockDriverState *bs;
2122 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2123 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2124 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2130 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2131 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2133 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq");
2147 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2148 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2155 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2156 snapshot_name = optarg;
2163 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2164 snapshot_name = optarg;
2171 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2172 snapshot_name = optarg;
2180 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2183 filename = argv[optind++];
2185 /* Open the image */
2186 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true, quiet);
2191 /* Perform the requested action */
2197 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2198 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2199 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2201 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2202 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2203 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2205 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2207 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2208 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2212 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2213 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2215 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2216 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2220 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2221 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2223 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2224 snapshot_name, error_get_pretty(err));
2239 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2241 BlockDriverState *bs, *bs_old_backing = NULL, *bs_new_backing = NULL;
2242 BlockDriver *old_backing_drv, *new_backing_drv;
2244 const char *fmt, *cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2249 Error *local_err = NULL;
2251 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2253 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2257 c = getopt(argc, argv, "uhf:F:b:pt:q");
2270 out_basefmt = optarg;
2273 out_baseimg = optarg;
2294 if ((optind != argc - 1) || (!unsafe && !out_baseimg)) {
2297 filename = argv[optind++];
2299 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2300 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2302 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2303 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2305 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2312 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2313 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2315 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2320 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
2321 old_backing_drv = NULL;
2322 new_backing_drv = NULL;
2324 if (!unsafe && bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2325 old_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(bs->backing_format);
2326 if (old_backing_drv == NULL) {
2327 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs->backing_format);
2333 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2334 new_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt);
2335 if (new_backing_drv == NULL) {
2336 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2342 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2344 /* Make the compiler happy */
2345 bs_old_backing = NULL;
2346 bs_new_backing = NULL;
2348 char backing_name[1024];
2350 bs_old_backing = bdrv_new("old_backing");
2351 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2352 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_old_backing, backing_name, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
2353 old_backing_drv, &local_err);
2355 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2356 backing_name, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2357 error_free(local_err);
2360 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2361 bs_new_backing = bdrv_new("new_backing");
2362 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_new_backing, out_baseimg, NULL, NULL,
2363 BDRV_O_FLAGS, new_backing_drv, &local_err);
2365 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2366 out_baseimg, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2367 error_free(local_err);
2374 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2375 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2376 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2377 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2379 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2380 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2383 uint64_t num_sectors;
2384 uint64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2385 uint64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2390 float local_progress = 0;
2392 buf_old = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2393 buf_new = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2395 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &num_sectors);
2396 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_old_backing, &old_backing_num_sectors);
2397 if (bs_new_backing) {
2398 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_new_backing, &new_backing_num_sectors);
2401 if (num_sectors != 0) {
2402 local_progress = (float)100 /
2403 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
2406 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
2408 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2409 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
2410 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
2412 n = num_sectors - sector;
2415 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2416 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
2418 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2427 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2428 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2430 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
2431 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2433 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
2434 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2437 ret = bdrv_read(bs_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
2439 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2444 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !bs_new_backing) {
2445 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2447 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
2448 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2451 ret = bdrv_read(bs_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
2453 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2458 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2459 uint64_t written = 0;
2461 while (written < n) {
2464 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
2465 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
2467 ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector + written,
2468 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
2470 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2478 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
2481 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
2482 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
2486 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2487 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2488 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2490 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
2491 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
2493 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
2496 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
2497 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2498 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
2499 } else if (ret < 0) {
2500 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2501 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
2504 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2506 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2507 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2508 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2509 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2512 qemu_progress_end();
2515 if (bs_old_backing != NULL) {
2516 bdrv_unref(bs_old_backing);
2518 if (bs_new_backing != NULL) {
2519 bdrv_unref(bs_new_backing);
2530 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
2532 int c, ret, relative;
2533 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
2534 int64_t n, total_size;
2536 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2538 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
2539 .name = "resize_options",
2540 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
2543 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2544 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2545 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2552 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2553 * as options by getopt. */
2559 size = argv[--argc];
2561 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2564 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hq");
2581 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2584 filename = argv[optind++];
2586 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2602 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2603 if (qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
2604 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2606 qemu_opts_del(param);
2609 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
2610 qemu_opts_del(param);
2612 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR, true, quiet);
2619 total_size = bdrv_getlength(bs) + n * relative;
2623 if (total_size <= 0) {
2624 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2629 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size);
2632 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
2635 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2638 error_report("Image is read-only");
2641 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
2654 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
2657 char *options = NULL;
2658 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL, *options_param = NULL;
2659 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
2661 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2664 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hqf:o:");
2675 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2676 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2681 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2683 char *old_options = options;
2684 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2685 g_free(old_options);
2701 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2702 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
2703 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2704 * given), print option help here */
2705 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2709 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2713 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR, true, quiet);
2715 error_report("Could not open image '%s'", filename);
2720 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
2722 if (has_help_option(options)) {
2723 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2724 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2728 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
2729 bs->drv->create_options);
2730 options_param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options,
2732 if (options_param == NULL) {
2733 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt);
2738 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, options_param);
2740 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
2748 free_option_parameters(create_options);
2749 free_option_parameters(options_param);
2758 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
2759 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
2760 { option, callback },
2761 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
2767 int main(int argc, char **argv)
2769 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
2770 const char *cmdname;
2773 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
2776 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
2777 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2779 qemu_init_main_loop();
2786 /* find the command */
2787 for(cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
2788 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
2789 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);