memory.c

   1 /*
   2  * Physical memory management
   3  *
   4  * Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates
   5  *
   6  * Authors:
   7  *  Avi Kivity <[email protected]>
   8  *
   9  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
  10  * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
  11  *
  12  * Contributions after 2012-01-13 are licensed under the terms of the
  13  * GNU GPL, version 2 or (at your option) any later version.
  14  */
  15
  16 #include "exec/memory.h"
  17 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
  18 #include "exec/ioport.h"
  19 #include "qapi/visitor.h"
  20 #include "qemu/bitops.h"
  21 #include "qom/object.h"
  22 #include "trace.h"
  23 #include <assert.h>
  24
  25 #include "exec/memory-internal.h"
  26 #include "exec/ram_addr.h"
  27 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
  28
  29 //#define DEBUG_UNASSIGNED
  30
  31 static unsigned memory_region_transaction_depth;
  32 static bool memory_region_update_pending;
  33 static bool ioeventfd_update_pending;
  34 static bool global_dirty_log = false;
  35
  36 /* flat_view_mutex is taken around reading as->current_map; the critical
  37  * section is extremely short, so I'm using a single mutex for every AS.
  38  * We could also RCU for the read-side.
  39  *
  40  * The BQL is taken around transaction commits, hence both locks are taken
  41  * while writing to as->current_map (with the BQL taken outside).
  42  */
  43 static QemuMutex flat_view_mutex;
  44
  45 static QTAILQ_HEAD(memory_listeners, MemoryListener) memory_listeners
  46     = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(memory_listeners);
  47
  48 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, AddressSpace) address_spaces
  49     = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(address_spaces);
  50
  51 static void memory_init(void)
  52 {
  53     qemu_mutex_init(&flat_view_mutex);
  54 }
  55
  56 typedef struct AddrRange AddrRange;
  57
  58 /*
  59  * Note that signed integers are needed for negative offsetting in aliases
  60  * (large MemoryRegion::alias_offset).
  61  */
  62 struct AddrRange {
  63     Int128 start;
  64     Int128 size;
  65 };
  66
  67 static AddrRange addrrange_make(Int128 start, Int128 size)
  68 {
  69     return (AddrRange) { start, size };
  70 }
  71
  72 static bool addrrange_equal(AddrRange r1, AddrRange r2)
  73 {
  74     return int128_eq(r1.start, r2.start) && int128_eq(r1.size, r2.size);
  75 }
  76
  77 static Int128 addrrange_end(AddrRange r)
  78 {
  79     return int128_add(r.start, r.size);
  80 }
  81
  82 static AddrRange addrrange_shift(AddrRange range, Int128 delta)
  83 {
  84     int128_addto(&range.start, delta);
  85     return range;
  86 }
  87
  88 static bool addrrange_contains(AddrRange range, Int128 addr)
  89 {
  90     return int128_ge(addr, range.start)
  91         && int128_lt(addr, addrrange_end(range));
  92 }
  93
  94 static bool addrrange_intersects(AddrRange r1, AddrRange r2)
  95 {
  96     return addrrange_contains(r1, r2.start)
  97         || addrrange_contains(r2, r1.start);
  98 }
  99
 100 static AddrRange addrrange_intersection(AddrRange r1, AddrRange r2)
 101 {
 102     Int128 start = int128_max(r1.start, r2.start);
 103     Int128 end = int128_min(addrrange_end(r1), addrrange_end(r2));
 104     return addrrange_make(start, int128_sub(end, start));
 105 }
 106
 107 enum ListenerDirection { Forward, Reverse };
 108
 109 static bool memory_listener_match(MemoryListener *listener,
 110                                   MemoryRegionSection *section)
 111 {
 112     return !listener->address_space_filter
 113         || listener->address_space_filter == section->address_space;
 114 }
 115
 116 #define MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(_callback, _direction, _args...)    \
 117     do {                                                                \
 118         MemoryListener *_listener;                                      \
 119                                                                         \
 120         switch (_direction) {                                           \
 121         case Forward:                                                   \
 122             QTAILQ_FOREACH(_listener, &memory_listeners, link) {        \
 123                 if (_listener->_callback) {                             \
 124                     _listener->_callback(_listener, ##_args);           \
 125                 }                                                       \
 126             }                                                           \
 127             break;                                                      \
 128         case Reverse:                                                   \
 129             QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(_listener, &memory_listeners,        \
 130                                    memory_listeners, link) {            \
 131                 if (_listener->_callback) {                             \
 132                     _listener->_callback(_listener, ##_args);           \
 133                 }                                                       \
 134             }                                                           \
 135             break;                                                      \
 136         default:                                                        \
 137             abort();                                                    \
 138         }                                                               \
 139     } while (0)
 140
 141 #define MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(_callback, _direction, _section, _args...) \
 142     do {                                                                \
 143         MemoryListener *_listener;                                      \
 144                                                                         \
 145         switch (_direction) {                                           \
 146         case Forward:                                                   \
 147             QTAILQ_FOREACH(_listener, &memory_listeners, link) {        \
 148                 if (_listener->_callback                                \
 149                     && memory_listener_match(_listener, _section)) {    \
 150                     _listener->_callback(_listener, _section, ##_args); \
 151                 }                                                       \
 152             }                                                           \
 153             break;                                                      \
 154         case Reverse:                                                   \
 155             QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(_listener, &memory_listeners,        \
 156                                    memory_listeners, link) {            \
 157                 if (_listener->_callback                                \
 158                     && memory_listener_match(_listener, _section)) {    \
 159                     _listener->_callback(_listener, _section, ##_args); \
 160                 }                                                       \
 161             }                                                           \
 162             break;                                                      \
 163         default:                                                        \
 164             abort();                                                    \
 165         }                                                               \
 166     } while (0)
 167
 168 /* No need to ref/unref .mr, the FlatRange keeps it alive.  */
 169 #define MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, dir, callback)            \
 170     MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(callback, dir, (&(MemoryRegionSection) {       \
 171         .mr = (fr)->mr,                                                 \
 172         .address_space = (as),                                          \
 173         .offset_within_region = (fr)->offset_in_region,                 \
 174         .size = (fr)->addr.size,                                        \
 175         .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64((fr)->addr.start),  \
 176         .readonly = (fr)->readonly,                                     \
 177               }))
 178
 179 struct CoalescedMemoryRange {
 180     AddrRange addr;
 181     QTAILQ_ENTRY(CoalescedMemoryRange) link;
 182 };
 183
 184 struct MemoryRegionIoeventfd {
 185     AddrRange addr;
 186     bool match_data;
 187     uint64_t data;
 188     EventNotifier *e;
 189 };
 190
 191 static bool memory_region_ioeventfd_before(MemoryRegionIoeventfd a,
 192                                            MemoryRegionIoeventfd b)
 193 {
 194     if (int128_lt(a.addr.start, b.addr.start)) {
 195         return true;
 196     } else if (int128_gt(a.addr.start, b.addr.start)) {
 197         return false;
 198     } else if (int128_lt(a.addr.size, b.addr.size)) {
 199         return true;
 200     } else if (int128_gt(a.addr.size, b.addr.size)) {
 201         return false;
 202     } else if (a.match_data < b.match_data) {
 203         return true;
 204     } else  if (a.match_data > b.match_data) {
 205         return false;
 206     } else if (a.match_data) {
 207         if (a.data < b.data) {
 208             return true;
 209         } else if (a.data > b.data) {
 210             return false;
 211         }
 212     }
 213     if (a.e < b.e) {
 214         return true;
 215     } else if (a.e > b.e) {
 216         return false;
 217     }
 218     return false;
 219 }
 220
 221 static bool memory_region_ioeventfd_equal(MemoryRegionIoeventfd a,
 222                                           MemoryRegionIoeventfd b)
 223 {
 224     return !memory_region_ioeventfd_before(a, b)
 225         && !memory_region_ioeventfd_before(b, a);
 226 }
 227
 228 typedef struct FlatRange FlatRange;
 229 typedef struct FlatView FlatView;
 230
 231 /* Range of memory in the global map.  Addresses are absolute. */
 232 struct FlatRange {
 233     MemoryRegion *mr;
 234     hwaddr offset_in_region;
 235     AddrRange addr;
 236     uint8_t dirty_log_mask;
 237     bool romd_mode;
 238     bool readonly;
 239 };
 240
 241 /* Flattened global view of current active memory hierarchy.  Kept in sorted
 242  * order.
 243  */
 244 struct FlatView {
 245     unsigned ref;
 246     FlatRange *ranges;
 247     unsigned nr;
 248     unsigned nr_allocated;
 249 };
 250
 251 typedef struct AddressSpaceOps AddressSpaceOps;
 252
 253 #define FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(var, view)          \
 254     for (var = (view)->ranges; var < (view)->ranges + (view)->nr; ++var)
 255
 256 static bool flatrange_equal(FlatRange *a, FlatRange *b)
 257 {
 258     return a->mr == b->mr
 259         && addrrange_equal(a->addr, b->addr)
 260         && a->offset_in_region == b->offset_in_region
 261         && a->romd_mode == b->romd_mode
 262         && a->readonly == b->readonly;
 263 }
 264
 265 static void flatview_init(FlatView *view)
 266 {
 267     view->ref = 1;
 268     view->ranges = NULL;
 269     view->nr = 0;
 270     view->nr_allocated = 0;
 271 }
 272
 273 /* Insert a range into a given position.  Caller is responsible for maintaining
 274  * sorting order.
 275  */
 276 static void flatview_insert(FlatView *view, unsigned pos, FlatRange *range)
 277 {
 278     if (view->nr == view->nr_allocated) {
 279         view->nr_allocated = MAX(2 * view->nr, 10);
 280         view->ranges = g_realloc(view->ranges,
 281                                     view->nr_allocated * sizeof(*view->ranges));
 282     }
 283     memmove(view->ranges + pos + 1, view->ranges + pos,
 284             (view->nr - pos) * sizeof(FlatRange));
 285     view->ranges[pos] = *range;
 286     memory_region_ref(range->mr);
 287     ++view->nr;
 288 }
 289
 290 static void flatview_destroy(FlatView *view)
 291 {
 292     int i;
 293
 294     for (i = 0; i < view->nr; i++) {
 295         memory_region_unref(view->ranges[i].mr);
 296     }
 297     g_free(view->ranges);
 298     g_free(view);
 299 }
 300
 301 static void flatview_ref(FlatView *view)
 302 {
 303     atomic_inc(&view->ref);
 304 }
 305
 306 static void flatview_unref(FlatView *view)
 307 {
 308     if (atomic_fetch_dec(&view->ref) == 1) {
 309         flatview_destroy(view);
 310     }
 311 }
 312
 313 static bool can_merge(FlatRange *r1, FlatRange *r2)
 314 {
 315     return int128_eq(addrrange_end(r1->addr), r2->addr.start)
 316         && r1->mr == r2->mr
 317         && int128_eq(int128_add(int128_make64(r1->offset_in_region),
 318                                 r1->addr.size),
 319                      int128_make64(r2->offset_in_region))
 320         && r1->dirty_log_mask == r2->dirty_log_mask
 321         && r1->romd_mode == r2->romd_mode
 322         && r1->readonly == r2->readonly;
 323 }
 324
 325 /* Attempt to simplify a view by merging adjacent ranges */
 326 static void flatview_simplify(FlatView *view)
 327 {
 328     unsigned i, j;
 329
 330     i = 0;
 331     while (i < view->nr) {
 332         j = i + 1;
 333         while (j < view->nr
 334                && can_merge(&view->ranges[j-1], &view->ranges[j])) {
 335             int128_addto(&view->ranges[i].addr.size, view->ranges[j].addr.size);
 336             ++j;
 337         }
 338         ++i;
 339         memmove(&view->ranges[i], &view->ranges[j],
 340                 (view->nr - j) * sizeof(view->ranges[j]));
 341         view->nr -= j - i;
 342     }
 343 }
 344
 345 static bool memory_region_big_endian(MemoryRegion *mr)
 346 {
 347 #ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
 348     return mr->ops->endianness != DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
 349 #else
 350     return mr->ops->endianness == DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN;
 351 #endif
 352 }
 353
 354 static bool memory_region_wrong_endianness(MemoryRegion *mr)
 355 {
 356 #ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
 357     return mr->ops->endianness == DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
 358 #else
 359     return mr->ops->endianness == DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN;
 360 #endif
 361 }
 362
 363 static void adjust_endianness(MemoryRegion *mr, uint64_t *data, unsigned size)
 364 {
 365     if (memory_region_wrong_endianness(mr)) {
 366         switch (size) {
 367         case 1:
 368             break;
 369         case 2:
 370             *data = bswap16(*data);
 371             break;
 372         case 4:
 373             *data = bswap32(*data);
 374             break;
 375         case 8:
 376             *data = bswap64(*data);
 377             break;
 378         default:
 379             abort();
 380         }
 381     }
 382 }
 383
 384 static void memory_region_oldmmio_read_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
 385                                                 hwaddr addr,
 386                                                 uint64_t *value,
 387                                                 unsigned size,
 388                                                 unsigned shift,
 389                                                 uint64_t mask)
 390 {
 391     uint64_t tmp;
 392
 393     tmp = mr->ops->old_mmio.read[ctz32(size)](mr->opaque, addr);
 394     trace_memory_region_ops_read(mr, addr, tmp, size);
 395     *value |= (tmp & mask) << shift;
 396 }
 397
 398 static void memory_region_read_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
 399                                         hwaddr addr,
 400                                         uint64_t *value,
 401                                         unsigned size,
 402                                         unsigned shift,
 403                                         uint64_t mask)
 404 {
 405     uint64_t tmp;
 406
 407     if (mr->flush_coalesced_mmio) {
 408         qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer();
 409     }
 410     tmp = mr->ops->read(mr->opaque, addr, size);
 411     trace_memory_region_ops_read(mr, addr, tmp, size);
 412     *value |= (tmp & mask) << shift;
 413 }
 414
 415 static void memory_region_oldmmio_write_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
 416                                                  hwaddr addr,
 417                                                  uint64_t *value,
 418                                                  unsigned size,
 419                                                  unsigned shift,
 420                                                  uint64_t mask)
 421 {
 422     uint64_t tmp;
 423
 424     tmp = (*value >> shift) & mask;
 425     trace_memory_region_ops_write(mr, addr, tmp, size);
 426     mr->ops->old_mmio.write[ctz32(size)](mr->opaque, addr, tmp);
 427 }
 428
 429 static void memory_region_write_accessor(MemoryRegion *mr,
 430                                          hwaddr addr,
 431                                          uint64_t *value,
 432                                          unsigned size,
 433                                          unsigned shift,
 434                                          uint64_t mask)
 435 {
 436     uint64_t tmp;
 437
 438     if (mr->flush_coalesced_mmio) {
 439         qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer();
 440     }
 441     tmp = (*value >> shift) & mask;
 442     trace_memory_region_ops_write(mr, addr, tmp, size);
 443     mr->ops->write(mr->opaque, addr, tmp, size);
 444 }
 445
 446 static void access_with_adjusted_size(hwaddr addr,
 447                                       uint64_t *value,
 448                                       unsigned size,
 449                                       unsigned access_size_min,
 450                                       unsigned access_size_max,
 451                                       void (*access)(MemoryRegion *mr,
 452                                                      hwaddr addr,
 453                                                      uint64_t *value,
 454                                                      unsigned size,
 455                                                      unsigned shift,
 456                                                      uint64_t mask),
 457                                       MemoryRegion *mr)
 458 {
 459     uint64_t access_mask;
 460     unsigned access_size;
 461     unsigned i;
 462
 463     if (!access_size_min) {
 464         access_size_min = 1;
 465     }
 466     if (!access_size_max) {
 467         access_size_max = 4;
 468     }
 469
 470     /* FIXME: support unaligned access? */
 471     access_size = MAX(MIN(size, access_size_max), access_size_min);
 472     access_mask = -1ULL >> (64 - access_size * 8);
 473     if (memory_region_big_endian(mr)) {
 474         for (i = 0; i < size; i += access_size) {
 475             access(mr, addr + i, value, access_size,
 476                    (size - access_size - i) * 8, access_mask);
 477         }
 478     } else {
 479         for (i = 0; i < size; i += access_size) {
 480             access(mr, addr + i, value, access_size, i * 8, access_mask);
 481         }
 482     }
 483 }
 484
 485 static AddressSpace *memory_region_to_address_space(MemoryRegion *mr)
 486 {
 487     AddressSpace *as;
 488
 489     while (mr->container) {
 490         mr = mr->container;
 491     }
 492     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
 493         if (mr == as->root) {
 494             return as;
 495         }
 496     }
 497     return NULL;
 498 }
 499
 500 /* Render a memory region into the global view.  Ranges in @view obscure
 501  * ranges in @mr.
 502  */
 503 static void render_memory_region(FlatView *view,
 504                                  MemoryRegion *mr,
 505                                  Int128 base,
 506                                  AddrRange clip,
 507                                  bool readonly)
 508 {
 509     MemoryRegion *subregion;
 510     unsigned i;
 511     hwaddr offset_in_region;
 512     Int128 remain;
 513     Int128 now;
 514     FlatRange fr;
 515     AddrRange tmp;
 516
 517     if (!mr->enabled) {
 518         return;
 519     }
 520
 521     int128_addto(&base, int128_make64(mr->addr));
 522     readonly |= mr->readonly;
 523
 524     tmp = addrrange_make(base, mr->size);
 525
 526     if (!addrrange_intersects(tmp, clip)) {
 527         return;
 528     }
 529
 530     clip = addrrange_intersection(tmp, clip);
 531
 532     if (mr->alias) {
 533         int128_subfrom(&base, int128_make64(mr->alias->addr));
 534         int128_subfrom(&base, int128_make64(mr->alias_offset));
 535         render_memory_region(view, mr->alias, base, clip, readonly);
 536         return;
 537     }
 538
 539     /* Render subregions in priority order. */
 540     QTAILQ_FOREACH(subregion, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) {
 541         render_memory_region(view, subregion, base, clip, readonly);
 542     }
 543
 544     if (!mr->terminates) {
 545         return;
 546     }
 547
 548     offset_in_region = int128_get64(int128_sub(clip.start, base));
 549     base = clip.start;
 550     remain = clip.size;
 551
 552     fr.mr = mr;
 553     fr.dirty_log_mask = mr->dirty_log_mask;
 554     fr.romd_mode = mr->romd_mode;
 555     fr.readonly = readonly;
 556
 557     /* Render the region itself into any gaps left by the current view. */
 558     for (i = 0; i < view->nr && int128_nz(remain); ++i) {
 559         if (int128_ge(base, addrrange_end(view->ranges[i].addr))) {
 560             continue;
 561         }
 562         if (int128_lt(base, view->ranges[i].addr.start)) {
 563             now = int128_min(remain,
 564                              int128_sub(view->ranges[i].addr.start, base));
 565             fr.offset_in_region = offset_in_region;
 566             fr.addr = addrrange_make(base, now);
 567             flatview_insert(view, i, &fr);
 568             ++i;
 569             int128_addto(&base, now);
 570             offset_in_region += int128_get64(now);
 571             int128_subfrom(&remain, now);
 572         }
 573         now = int128_sub(int128_min(int128_add(base, remain),
 574                                     addrrange_end(view->ranges[i].addr)),
 575                          base);
 576         int128_addto(&base, now);
 577         offset_in_region += int128_get64(now);
 578         int128_subfrom(&remain, now);
 579     }
 580     if (int128_nz(remain)) {
 581         fr.offset_in_region = offset_in_region;
 582         fr.addr = addrrange_make(base, remain);
 583         flatview_insert(view, i, &fr);
 584     }
 585 }
 586
 587 /* Render a memory topology into a list of disjoint absolute ranges. */
 588 static FlatView *generate_memory_topology(MemoryRegion *mr)
 589 {
 590     FlatView *view;
 591
 592     view = g_new(FlatView, 1);
 593     flatview_init(view);
 594
 595     if (mr) {
 596         render_memory_region(view, mr, int128_zero(),
 597                              addrrange_make(int128_zero(), int128_2_64()), false);
 598     }
 599     flatview_simplify(view);
 600
 601     return view;
 602 }
 603
 604 static void address_space_add_del_ioeventfds(AddressSpace *as,
 605                                              MemoryRegionIoeventfd *fds_new,
 606                                              unsigned fds_new_nb,
 607                                              MemoryRegionIoeventfd *fds_old,
 608                                              unsigned fds_old_nb)
 609 {
 610     unsigned iold, inew;
 611     MemoryRegionIoeventfd *fd;
 612     MemoryRegionSection section;
 613
 614     /* Generate a symmetric difference of the old and new fd sets, adding
 615      * and deleting as necessary.
 616      */
 617
 618     iold = inew = 0;
 619     while (iold < fds_old_nb || inew < fds_new_nb) {
 620         if (iold < fds_old_nb
 621             && (inew == fds_new_nb
 622                 || memory_region_ioeventfd_before(fds_old[iold],
 623                                                   fds_new[inew]))) {
 624             fd = &fds_old[iold];
 625             section = (MemoryRegionSection) {
 626                 .address_space = as,
 627                 .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fd->addr.start),
 628                 .size = fd->addr.size,
 629             };
 630             MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(eventfd_del, Forward, &section,
 631                                  fd->match_data, fd->data, fd->e);
 632             ++iold;
 633         } else if (inew < fds_new_nb
 634                    && (iold == fds_old_nb
 635                        || memory_region_ioeventfd_before(fds_new[inew],
 636                                                          fds_old[iold]))) {
 637             fd = &fds_new[inew];
 638             section = (MemoryRegionSection) {
 639                 .address_space = as,
 640                 .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fd->addr.start),
 641                 .size = fd->addr.size,
 642             };
 643             MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(eventfd_add, Reverse, &section,
 644                                  fd->match_data, fd->data, fd->e);
 645             ++inew;
 646         } else {
 647             ++iold;
 648             ++inew;
 649         }
 650     }
 651 }
 652
 653 static FlatView *address_space_get_flatview(AddressSpace *as)
 654 {
 655     FlatView *view;
 656
 657     qemu_mutex_lock(&flat_view_mutex);
 658     view = as->current_map;
 659     flatview_ref(view);
 660     qemu_mutex_unlock(&flat_view_mutex);
 661     return view;
 662 }
 663
 664 static void address_space_update_ioeventfds(AddressSpace *as)
 665 {
 666     FlatView *view;
 667     FlatRange *fr;
 668     unsigned ioeventfd_nb = 0;
 669     MemoryRegionIoeventfd *ioeventfds = NULL;
 670     AddrRange tmp;
 671     unsigned i;
 672
 673     view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
 674     FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
 675         for (i = 0; i < fr->mr->ioeventfd_nb; ++i) {
 676             tmp = addrrange_shift(fr->mr->ioeventfds[i].addr,
 677                                   int128_sub(fr->addr.start,
 678                                              int128_make64(fr->offset_in_region)));
 679             if (addrrange_intersects(fr->addr, tmp)) {
 680                 ++ioeventfd_nb;
 681                 ioeventfds = g_realloc(ioeventfds,
 682                                           ioeventfd_nb * sizeof(*ioeventfds));
 683                 ioeventfds[ioeventfd_nb-1] = fr->mr->ioeventfds[i];
 684                 ioeventfds[ioeventfd_nb-1].addr = tmp;
 685             }
 686         }
 687     }
 688
 689     address_space_add_del_ioeventfds(as, ioeventfds, ioeventfd_nb,
 690                                      as->ioeventfds, as->ioeventfd_nb);
 691
 692     g_free(as->ioeventfds);
 693     as->ioeventfds = ioeventfds;
 694     as->ioeventfd_nb = ioeventfd_nb;
 695     flatview_unref(view);
 696 }
 697
 698 static void address_space_update_topology_pass(AddressSpace *as,
 699                                                const FlatView *old_view,
 700                                                const FlatView *new_view,
 701                                                bool adding)
 702 {
 703     unsigned iold, inew;
 704     FlatRange *frold, *frnew;
 705
 706     /* Generate a symmetric difference of the old and new memory maps.
 707      * Kill ranges in the old map, and instantiate ranges in the new map.
 708      */
 709     iold = inew = 0;
 710     while (iold < old_view->nr || inew < new_view->nr) {
 711         if (iold < old_view->nr) {
 712             frold = &old_view->ranges[iold];
 713         } else {
 714             frold = NULL;
 715         }
 716         if (inew < new_view->nr) {
 717             frnew = &new_view->ranges[inew];
 718         } else {
 719             frnew = NULL;
 720         }
 721
 722         if (frold
 723             && (!frnew
 724                 || int128_lt(frold->addr.start, frnew->addr.start)
 725                 || (int128_eq(frold->addr.start, frnew->addr.start)
 726                     && !flatrange_equal(frold, frnew)))) {
 727             /* In old but not in new, or in both but attributes changed. */
 728
 729             if (!adding) {
 730                 MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frold, as, Reverse, region_del);
 731             }
 732
 733             ++iold;
 734         } else if (frold && frnew && flatrange_equal(frold, frnew)) {
 735             /* In both and unchanged (except logging may have changed) */
 736
 737             if (adding) {
 738                 MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Forward, region_nop);
 739                 if (frold->dirty_log_mask && !frnew->dirty_log_mask) {
 740                     MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Reverse, log_stop);
 741                 } else if (frnew->dirty_log_mask && !frold->dirty_log_mask) {
 742                     MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Forward, log_start);
 743                 }
 744             }
 745
 746             ++iold;
 747             ++inew;
 748         } else {
 749             /* In new */
 750
 751             if (adding) {
 752                 MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(frnew, as, Forward, region_add);
 753             }
 754
 755             ++inew;
 756         }
 757     }
 758 }
 759
 760
 761 static void address_space_update_topology(AddressSpace *as)
 762 {
 763     FlatView *old_view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
 764     FlatView *new_view = generate_memory_topology(as->root);
 765
 766     address_space_update_topology_pass(as, old_view, new_view, false);
 767     address_space_update_topology_pass(as, old_view, new_view, true);
 768
 769     qemu_mutex_lock(&flat_view_mutex);
 770     flatview_unref(as->current_map);
 771     as->current_map = new_view;
 772     qemu_mutex_unlock(&flat_view_mutex);
 773
 774     /* Note that all the old MemoryRegions are still alive up to this
 775      * point.  This relieves most MemoryListeners from the need to
 776      * ref/unref the MemoryRegions they get---unless they use them
 777      * outside the iothread mutex, in which case precise reference
 778      * counting is necessary.
 779      */
 780     flatview_unref(old_view);
 781
 782     address_space_update_ioeventfds(as);
 783 }
 784
 785 void memory_region_transaction_begin(void)
 786 {
 787     qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer();
 788     ++memory_region_transaction_depth;
 789 }
 790
 791 static void memory_region_clear_pending(void)
 792 {
 793     memory_region_update_pending = false;
 794     ioeventfd_update_pending = false;
 795 }
 796
 797 void memory_region_transaction_commit(void)
 798 {
 799     AddressSpace *as;
 800
 801     assert(memory_region_transaction_depth);
 802     --memory_region_transaction_depth;
 803     if (!memory_region_transaction_depth) {
 804         if (memory_region_update_pending) {
 805             MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(begin, Forward);
 806
 807             QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
 808                 address_space_update_topology(as);
 809             }
 810
 811             MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(commit, Forward);
 812         } else if (ioeventfd_update_pending) {
 813             QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
 814                 address_space_update_ioeventfds(as);
 815             }
 816         }
 817         memory_region_clear_pending();
 818    }
 819 }
 820
 821 static void memory_region_destructor_none(MemoryRegion *mr)
 822 {
 823 }
 824
 825 static void memory_region_destructor_ram(MemoryRegion *mr)
 826 {
 827     qemu_ram_free(mr->ram_addr);
 828 }
 829
 830 static void memory_region_destructor_alias(MemoryRegion *mr)
 831 {
 832     memory_region_unref(mr->alias);
 833 }
 834
 835 static void memory_region_destructor_ram_from_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr)
 836 {
 837     qemu_ram_free_from_ptr(mr->ram_addr);
 838 }
 839
 840 static void memory_region_destructor_rom_device(MemoryRegion *mr)
 841 {
 842     qemu_ram_free(mr->ram_addr & TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
 843 }
 844
 845 static bool memory_region_need_escape(char c)
 846 {
 847     return c == '/' || c == '[' || c == '\\' || c == ']';
 848 }
 849
 850 static char *memory_region_escape_name(const char *name)
 851 {
 852     const char *p;
 853     char *escaped, *q;
 854     uint8_t c;
 855     size_t bytes = 0;
 856
 857     for (p = name; *p; p++) {
 858         bytes += memory_region_need_escape(*p) ? 4 : 1;
 859     }
 860     if (bytes == p - name) {
 861        return g_memdup(name, bytes + 1);
 862     }
 863
 864     escaped = g_malloc(bytes + 1);
 865     for (p = name, q = escaped; *p; p++) {
 866         c = *p;
 867         if (unlikely(memory_region_need_escape(c))) {
 868             *q++ = '\\';
 869             *q++ = 'x';
 870             *q++ = "0123456789abcdef"[c >> 4];
 871             c = "0123456789abcdef"[c & 15];
 872         }
 873         *q++ = c;
 874     }
 875     *q = 0;
 876     return escaped;
 877 }
 878
 879 void memory_region_init(MemoryRegion *mr,
 880                         Object *owner,
 881                         const char *name,
 882                         uint64_t size)
 883 {
 884     if (!owner) {
 885         owner = qdev_get_machine();
 886     }
 887
 888     object_initialize(mr, sizeof(*mr), TYPE_MEMORY_REGION);
 889     mr->size = int128_make64(size);
 890     if (size == UINT64_MAX) {
 891         mr->size = int128_2_64();
 892     }
 893     mr->name = g_strdup(name);
 894
 895     if (name) {
 896         char *escaped_name = memory_region_escape_name(name);
 897         char *name_array = g_strdup_printf("%s[*]", escaped_name);
 898         object_property_add_child(owner, name_array, OBJECT(mr), &error_abort);
 899         object_unref(OBJECT(mr));
 900         g_free(name_array);
 901         g_free(escaped_name);
 902     }
 903 }
 904
 905 static void memory_region_get_addr(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
 906                                    const char *name, Error **errp)
 907 {
 908     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
 909     uint64_t value = mr->addr;
 910
 911     visit_type_uint64(v, &value, name, errp);
 912 }
 913
 914 static void memory_region_get_container(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
 915                                         const char *name, Error **errp)
 916 {
 917     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
 918     gchar *path = (gchar *)"";
 919
 920     if (mr->container) {
 921         path = object_get_canonical_path(OBJECT(mr->container));
 922     }
 923     visit_type_str(v, &path, name, errp);
 924     if (mr->container) {
 925         g_free(path);
 926     }
 927 }
 928
 929 static Object *memory_region_resolve_container(Object *obj, void *opaque,
 930                                                const char *part)
 931 {
 932     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
 933
 934     return OBJECT(mr->container);
 935 }
 936
 937 static void memory_region_get_priority(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
 938                                        const char *name, Error **errp)
 939 {
 940     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
 941     int32_t value = mr->priority;
 942
 943     visit_type_int32(v, &value, name, errp);
 944 }
 945
 946 static bool memory_region_get_may_overlap(Object *obj, Error **errp)
 947 {
 948     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
 949
 950     return mr->may_overlap;
 951 }
 952
 953 static void memory_region_get_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
 954                                    const char *name, Error **errp)
 955 {
 956     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
 957     uint64_t value = memory_region_size(mr);
 958
 959     visit_type_uint64(v, &value, name, errp);
 960 }
 961
 962 static void memory_region_initfn(Object *obj)
 963 {
 964     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
 965     ObjectProperty *op;
 966
 967     mr->ops = &unassigned_mem_ops;
 968     mr->enabled = true;
 969     mr->romd_mode = true;
 970     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_none;
 971     QTAILQ_INIT(&mr->subregions);
 972     QTAILQ_INIT(&mr->coalesced);
 973
 974     op = object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "container",
 975                              "link<" TYPE_MEMORY_REGION ">",
 976                              memory_region_get_container,
 977                              NULL, /* memory_region_set_container */
 978                              NULL, NULL, &error_abort);
 979     op->resolve = memory_region_resolve_container;
 980
 981     object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "addr", "uint64",
 982                         memory_region_get_addr,
 983                         NULL, /* memory_region_set_addr */
 984                         NULL, NULL, &error_abort);
 985     object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "priority", "uint32",
 986                         memory_region_get_priority,
 987                         NULL, /* memory_region_set_priority */
 988                         NULL, NULL, &error_abort);
 989     object_property_add_bool(OBJECT(mr), "may-overlap",
 990                              memory_region_get_may_overlap,
 991                              NULL, /* memory_region_set_may_overlap */
 992                              &error_abort);
 993     object_property_add(OBJECT(mr), "size", "uint64",
 994                         memory_region_get_size,
 995                         NULL, /* memory_region_set_size, */
 996                         NULL, NULL, &error_abort);
 997 }
 998
 999 static uint64_t unassigned_mem_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
1000                                     unsigned size)
1001 {
1002 #ifdef DEBUG_UNASSIGNED
1003     printf("Unassigned mem read " TARGET_FMT_plx "\n", addr);
1004 #endif
1005     if (current_cpu != NULL) {
1006         cpu_unassigned_access(current_cpu, addr, false, false, 0, size);
1007     }
1008     return 0;
1009 }
1010
1011 static void unassigned_mem_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
1012                                  uint64_t val, unsigned size)
1013 {
1014 #ifdef DEBUG_UNASSIGNED
1015     printf("Unassigned mem write " TARGET_FMT_plx " = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", addr, val);
1016 #endif
1017     if (current_cpu != NULL) {
1018         cpu_unassigned_access(current_cpu, addr, true, false, 0, size);
1019     }
1020 }
1021
1022 static bool unassigned_mem_accepts(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
1023                                    unsigned size, bool is_write)
1024 {
1025     return false;
1026 }
1027
1028 const MemoryRegionOps unassigned_mem_ops = {
1029     .valid.accepts = unassigned_mem_accepts,
1030     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
1031 };
1032
1033 bool memory_region_access_valid(MemoryRegion *mr,
1034                                 hwaddr addr,
1035                                 unsigned size,
1036                                 bool is_write)
1037 {
1038     int access_size_min, access_size_max;
1039     int access_size, i;
1040
1041     if (!mr->ops->valid.unaligned && (addr & (size - 1))) {
1042         return false;
1043     }
1044
1045     if (!mr->ops->valid.accepts) {
1046         return true;
1047     }
1048
1049     access_size_min = mr->ops->valid.min_access_size;
1050     if (!mr->ops->valid.min_access_size) {
1051         access_size_min = 1;
1052     }
1053
1054     access_size_max = mr->ops->valid.max_access_size;
1055     if (!mr->ops->valid.max_access_size) {
1056         access_size_max = 4;
1057     }
1058
1059     access_size = MAX(MIN(size, access_size_max), access_size_min);
1060     for (i = 0; i < size; i += access_size) {
1061         if (!mr->ops->valid.accepts(mr->opaque, addr + i, access_size,
1062                                     is_write)) {
1063             return false;
1064         }
1065     }
1066
1067     return true;
1068 }
1069
1070 static uint64_t memory_region_dispatch_read1(MemoryRegion *mr,
1071                                              hwaddr addr,
1072                                              unsigned size)
1073 {
1074     uint64_t data = 0;
1075
1076     if (mr->ops->read) {
1077         access_with_adjusted_size(addr, &data, size,
1078                                   mr->ops->impl.min_access_size,
1079                                   mr->ops->impl.max_access_size,
1080                                   memory_region_read_accessor, mr);
1081     } else {
1082         access_with_adjusted_size(addr, &data, size, 1, 4,
1083                                   memory_region_oldmmio_read_accessor, mr);
1084     }
1085
1086     return data;
1087 }
1088
1089 static bool memory_region_dispatch_read(MemoryRegion *mr,
1090                                         hwaddr addr,
1091                                         uint64_t *pval,
1092                                         unsigned size)
1093 {
1094     if (!memory_region_access_valid(mr, addr, size, false)) {
1095         *pval = unassigned_mem_read(mr, addr, size);
1096         return true;
1097     }
1098
1099     *pval = memory_region_dispatch_read1(mr, addr, size);
1100     adjust_endianness(mr, pval, size);
1101     return false;
1102 }
1103
1104 static bool memory_region_dispatch_write(MemoryRegion *mr,
1105                                          hwaddr addr,
1106                                          uint64_t data,
1107                                          unsigned size)
1108 {
1109     if (!memory_region_access_valid(mr, addr, size, true)) {
1110         unassigned_mem_write(mr, addr, data, size);
1111         return true;
1112     }
1113
1114     adjust_endianness(mr, &data, size);
1115
1116     if (mr->ops->write) {
1117         access_with_adjusted_size(addr, &data, size,
1118                                   mr->ops->impl.min_access_size,
1119                                   mr->ops->impl.max_access_size,
1120                                   memory_region_write_accessor, mr);
1121     } else {
1122         access_with_adjusted_size(addr, &data, size, 1, 4,
1123                                   memory_region_oldmmio_write_accessor, mr);
1124     }
1125     return false;
1126 }
1127
1128 void memory_region_init_io(MemoryRegion *mr,
1129                            Object *owner,
1130                            const MemoryRegionOps *ops,
1131                            void *opaque,
1132                            const char *name,
1133                            uint64_t size)
1134 {
1135     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
1136     mr->ops = ops;
1137     mr->opaque = opaque;
1138     mr->terminates = true;
1139     mr->ram_addr = ~(ram_addr_t)0;
1140 }
1141
1142 void memory_region_init_ram(MemoryRegion *mr,
1143                             Object *owner,
1144                             const char *name,
1145                             uint64_t size,
1146                             Error **errp)
1147 {
1148     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
1149     mr->ram = true;
1150     mr->terminates = true;
1151     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram;
1152     mr->ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(size, mr, errp);
1153 }
1154
1155 #ifdef __linux__
1156 void memory_region_init_ram_from_file(MemoryRegion *mr,
1157                                       struct Object *owner,
1158                                       const char *name,
1159                                       uint64_t size,
1160                                       bool share,
1161                                       const char *path,
1162                                       Error **errp)
1163 {
1164     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
1165     mr->ram = true;
1166     mr->terminates = true;
1167     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram;
1168     mr->ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc_from_file(size, mr, share, path, errp);
1169 }
1170 #endif
1171
1172 void memory_region_init_ram_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr,
1173                                 Object *owner,
1174                                 const char *name,
1175                                 uint64_t size,
1176                                 void *ptr)
1177 {
1178     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
1179     mr->ram = true;
1180     mr->terminates = true;
1181     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_ram_from_ptr;
1182
1183     /* qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr cannot fail with ptr != NULL.  */
1184     assert(ptr != NULL);
1185     mr->ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc_from_ptr(size, ptr, mr, &error_abort);
1186 }
1187
1188 void memory_region_set_skip_dump(MemoryRegion *mr)
1189 {
1190     mr->skip_dump = true;
1191 }
1192
1193 void memory_region_init_alias(MemoryRegion *mr,
1194                               Object *owner,
1195                               const char *name,
1196                               MemoryRegion *orig,
1197                               hwaddr offset,
1198                               uint64_t size)
1199 {
1200     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
1201     memory_region_ref(orig);
1202     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_alias;
1203     mr->alias = orig;
1204     mr->alias_offset = offset;
1205 }
1206
1207 void memory_region_init_rom_device(MemoryRegion *mr,
1208                                    Object *owner,
1209                                    const MemoryRegionOps *ops,
1210                                    void *opaque,
1211                                    const char *name,
1212                                    uint64_t size,
1213                                    Error **errp)
1214 {
1215     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
1216     mr->ops = ops;
1217     mr->opaque = opaque;
1218     mr->terminates = true;
1219     mr->rom_device = true;
1220     mr->destructor = memory_region_destructor_rom_device;
1221     mr->ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(size, mr, errp);
1222 }
1223
1224 void memory_region_init_iommu(MemoryRegion *mr,
1225                               Object *owner,
1226                               const MemoryRegionIOMMUOps *ops,
1227                               const char *name,
1228                               uint64_t size)
1229 {
1230     memory_region_init(mr, owner, name, size);
1231     mr->iommu_ops = ops,
1232     mr->terminates = true;  /* then re-forwards */
1233     notifier_list_init(&mr->iommu_notify);
1234 }
1235
1236 void memory_region_init_reservation(MemoryRegion *mr,
1237                                     Object *owner,
1238                                     const char *name,
1239                                     uint64_t size)
1240 {
1241     memory_region_init_io(mr, owner, &unassigned_mem_ops, mr, name, size);
1242 }
1243
1244 static void memory_region_finalize(Object *obj)
1245 {
1246     MemoryRegion *mr = MEMORY_REGION(obj);
1247
1248     assert(QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->subregions));
1249     assert(memory_region_transaction_depth == 0);
1250     mr->destructor(mr);
1251     memory_region_clear_coalescing(mr);
1252     g_free((char *)mr->name);
1253     g_free(mr->ioeventfds);
1254 }
1255
1256 Object *memory_region_owner(MemoryRegion *mr)
1257 {
1258     Object *obj = OBJECT(mr);
1259     return obj->parent;
1260 }
1261
1262 void memory_region_ref(MemoryRegion *mr)
1263 {
1264     /* MMIO callbacks most likely will access data that belongs
1265      * to the owner, hence the need to ref/unref the owner whenever
1266      * the memory region is in use.
1267      *
1268      * The memory region is a child of its owner.  As long as the
1269      * owner doesn't call unparent itself on the memory region,
1270      * ref-ing the owner will also keep the memory region alive.
1271      * Memory regions without an owner are supposed to never go away,
1272      * but we still ref/unref them for debugging purposes.
1273      */
1274     Object *obj = OBJECT(mr);
1275     if (obj && obj->parent) {
1276         object_ref(obj->parent);
1277     } else {
1278         object_ref(obj);
1279     }
1280 }
1281
1282 void memory_region_unref(MemoryRegion *mr)
1283 {
1284     Object *obj = OBJECT(mr);
1285     if (obj && obj->parent) {
1286         object_unref(obj->parent);
1287     } else {
1288         object_unref(obj);
1289     }
1290 }
1291
1292 uint64_t memory_region_size(MemoryRegion *mr)
1293 {
1294     if (int128_eq(mr->size, int128_2_64())) {
1295         return UINT64_MAX;
1296     }
1297     return int128_get64(mr->size);
1298 }
1299
1300 const char *memory_region_name(const MemoryRegion *mr)
1301 {
1302     if (!mr->name) {
1303         ((MemoryRegion *)mr)->name =
1304             object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(mr));
1305     }
1306     return mr->name;
1307 }
1308
1309 bool memory_region_is_ram(MemoryRegion *mr)
1310 {
1311     return mr->ram;
1312 }
1313
1314 bool memory_region_is_skip_dump(MemoryRegion *mr)
1315 {
1316     return mr->skip_dump;
1317 }
1318
1319 bool memory_region_is_logging(MemoryRegion *mr)
1320 {
1321     return mr->dirty_log_mask;
1322 }
1323
1324 bool memory_region_is_rom(MemoryRegion *mr)
1325 {
1326     return mr->ram && mr->readonly;
1327 }
1328
1329 bool memory_region_is_iommu(MemoryRegion *mr)
1330 {
1331     return mr->iommu_ops;
1332 }
1333
1334 void memory_region_register_iommu_notifier(MemoryRegion *mr, Notifier *n)
1335 {
1336     notifier_list_add(&mr->iommu_notify, n);
1337 }
1338
1339 void memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier(Notifier *n)
1340 {
1341     notifier_remove(n);
1342 }
1343
1344 void memory_region_notify_iommu(MemoryRegion *mr,
1345                                 IOMMUTLBEntry entry)
1346 {
1347     assert(memory_region_is_iommu(mr));
1348     notifier_list_notify(&mr->iommu_notify, &entry);
1349 }
1350
1351 void memory_region_set_log(MemoryRegion *mr, bool log, unsigned client)
1352 {
1353     uint8_t mask = 1 << client;
1354
1355     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1356     mr->dirty_log_mask = (mr->dirty_log_mask & ~mask) | (log * mask);
1357     memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
1358     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1359 }
1360
1361 bool memory_region_get_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
1362                              hwaddr size, unsigned client)
1363 {
1364     assert(mr->terminates);
1365     return cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty(mr->ram_addr + addr, size, client);
1366 }
1367
1368 void memory_region_set_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
1369                              hwaddr size)
1370 {
1371     assert(mr->terminates);
1372     cpu_physical_memory_set_dirty_range(mr->ram_addr + addr, size);
1373 }
1374
1375 bool memory_region_test_and_clear_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
1376                                         hwaddr size, unsigned client)
1377 {
1378     bool ret;
1379     assert(mr->terminates);
1380     ret = cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty(mr->ram_addr + addr, size, client);
1381     if (ret) {
1382         cpu_physical_memory_reset_dirty(mr->ram_addr + addr, size, client);
1383     }
1384     return ret;
1385 }
1386
1387
1388 void memory_region_sync_dirty_bitmap(MemoryRegion *mr)
1389 {
1390     AddressSpace *as;
1391     FlatRange *fr;
1392
1393     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
1394         FlatView *view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
1395         FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
1396             if (fr->mr == mr) {
1397                 MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, Forward, log_sync);
1398             }
1399         }
1400         flatview_unref(view);
1401     }
1402 }
1403
1404 void memory_region_set_readonly(MemoryRegion *mr, bool readonly)
1405 {
1406     if (mr->readonly != readonly) {
1407         memory_region_transaction_begin();
1408         mr->readonly = readonly;
1409         memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
1410         memory_region_transaction_commit();
1411     }
1412 }
1413
1414 void memory_region_rom_device_set_romd(MemoryRegion *mr, bool romd_mode)
1415 {
1416     if (mr->romd_mode != romd_mode) {
1417         memory_region_transaction_begin();
1418         mr->romd_mode = romd_mode;
1419         memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
1420         memory_region_transaction_commit();
1421     }
1422 }
1423
1424 void memory_region_reset_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
1425                                hwaddr size, unsigned client)
1426 {
1427     assert(mr->terminates);
1428     cpu_physical_memory_reset_dirty(mr->ram_addr + addr, size, client);
1429 }
1430
1431 int memory_region_get_fd(MemoryRegion *mr)
1432 {
1433     if (mr->alias) {
1434         return memory_region_get_fd(mr->alias);
1435     }
1436
1437     assert(mr->terminates);
1438
1439     return qemu_get_ram_fd(mr->ram_addr & TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
1440 }
1441
1442 void *memory_region_get_ram_ptr(MemoryRegion *mr)
1443 {
1444     if (mr->alias) {
1445         return memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mr->alias) + mr->alias_offset;
1446     }
1447
1448     assert(mr->terminates);
1449
1450     return qemu_get_ram_ptr(mr->ram_addr & TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
1451 }
1452
1453 static void memory_region_update_coalesced_range_as(MemoryRegion *mr, AddressSpace *as)
1454 {
1455     FlatView *view;
1456     FlatRange *fr;
1457     CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr;
1458     AddrRange tmp;
1459     MemoryRegionSection section;
1460
1461     view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
1462     FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
1463         if (fr->mr == mr) {
1464             section = (MemoryRegionSection) {
1465                 .address_space = as,
1466                 .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fr->addr.start),
1467                 .size = fr->addr.size,
1468             };
1469
1470             MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(coalesced_mmio_del, Reverse, &section,
1471                                  int128_get64(fr->addr.start),
1472                                  int128_get64(fr->addr.size));
1473             QTAILQ_FOREACH(cmr, &mr->coalesced, link) {
1474                 tmp = addrrange_shift(cmr->addr,
1475                                       int128_sub(fr->addr.start,
1476                                                  int128_make64(fr->offset_in_region)));
1477                 if (!addrrange_intersects(tmp, fr->addr)) {
1478                     continue;
1479                 }
1480                 tmp = addrrange_intersection(tmp, fr->addr);
1481                 MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(coalesced_mmio_add, Forward, &section,
1482                                      int128_get64(tmp.start),
1483                                      int128_get64(tmp.size));
1484             }
1485         }
1486     }
1487     flatview_unref(view);
1488 }
1489
1490 static void memory_region_update_coalesced_range(MemoryRegion *mr)
1491 {
1492     AddressSpace *as;
1493
1494     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
1495         memory_region_update_coalesced_range_as(mr, as);
1496     }
1497 }
1498
1499 void memory_region_set_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr)
1500 {
1501     memory_region_clear_coalescing(mr);
1502     memory_region_add_coalescing(mr, 0, int128_get64(mr->size));
1503 }
1504
1505 void memory_region_add_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr,
1506                                   hwaddr offset,
1507                                   uint64_t size)
1508 {
1509     CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr = g_malloc(sizeof(*cmr));
1510
1511     cmr->addr = addrrange_make(int128_make64(offset), int128_make64(size));
1512     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mr->coalesced, cmr, link);
1513     memory_region_update_coalesced_range(mr);
1514     memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(mr);
1515 }
1516
1517 void memory_region_clear_coalescing(MemoryRegion *mr)
1518 {
1519     CoalescedMemoryRange *cmr;
1520     bool updated = false;
1521
1522     qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer();
1523     mr->flush_coalesced_mmio = false;
1524
1525     while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->coalesced)) {
1526         cmr = QTAILQ_FIRST(&mr->coalesced);
1527         QTAILQ_REMOVE(&mr->coalesced, cmr, link);
1528         g_free(cmr);
1529         updated = true;
1530     }
1531
1532     if (updated) {
1533         memory_region_update_coalesced_range(mr);
1534     }
1535 }
1536
1537 void memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(MemoryRegion *mr)
1538 {
1539     mr->flush_coalesced_mmio = true;
1540 }
1541
1542 void memory_region_clear_flush_coalesced(MemoryRegion *mr)
1543 {
1544     qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer();
1545     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&mr->coalesced)) {
1546         mr->flush_coalesced_mmio = false;
1547     }
1548 }
1549
1550 void memory_region_add_eventfd(MemoryRegion *mr,
1551                                hwaddr addr,
1552                                unsigned size,
1553                                bool match_data,
1554                                uint64_t data,
1555                                EventNotifier *e)
1556 {
1557     MemoryRegionIoeventfd mrfd = {
1558         .addr.start = int128_make64(addr),
1559         .addr.size = int128_make64(size),
1560         .match_data = match_data,
1561         .data = data,
1562         .e = e,
1563     };
1564     unsigned i;
1565
1566     adjust_endianness(mr, &mrfd.data, size);
1567     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1568     for (i = 0; i < mr->ioeventfd_nb; ++i) {
1569         if (memory_region_ioeventfd_before(mrfd, mr->ioeventfds[i])) {
1570             break;
1571         }
1572     }
1573     ++mr->ioeventfd_nb;
1574     mr->ioeventfds = g_realloc(mr->ioeventfds,
1575                                   sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds) * mr->ioeventfd_nb);
1576     memmove(&mr->ioeventfds[i+1], &mr->ioeventfds[i],
1577             sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds) * (mr->ioeventfd_nb-1 - i));
1578     mr->ioeventfds[i] = mrfd;
1579     ioeventfd_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
1580     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1581 }
1582
1583 void memory_region_del_eventfd(MemoryRegion *mr,
1584                                hwaddr addr,
1585                                unsigned size,
1586                                bool match_data,
1587                                uint64_t data,
1588                                EventNotifier *e)
1589 {
1590     MemoryRegionIoeventfd mrfd = {
1591         .addr.start = int128_make64(addr),
1592         .addr.size = int128_make64(size),
1593         .match_data = match_data,
1594         .data = data,
1595         .e = e,
1596     };
1597     unsigned i;
1598
1599     adjust_endianness(mr, &mrfd.data, size);
1600     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1601     for (i = 0; i < mr->ioeventfd_nb; ++i) {
1602         if (memory_region_ioeventfd_equal(mrfd, mr->ioeventfds[i])) {
1603             break;
1604         }
1605     }
1606     assert(i != mr->ioeventfd_nb);
1607     memmove(&mr->ioeventfds[i], &mr->ioeventfds[i+1],
1608             sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds) * (mr->ioeventfd_nb - (i+1)));
1609     --mr->ioeventfd_nb;
1610     mr->ioeventfds = g_realloc(mr->ioeventfds,
1611                                   sizeof(*mr->ioeventfds)*mr->ioeventfd_nb + 1);
1612     ioeventfd_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
1613     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1614 }
1615
1616 static void memory_region_update_container_subregions(MemoryRegion *subregion)
1617 {
1618     hwaddr offset = subregion->addr;
1619     MemoryRegion *mr = subregion->container;
1620     MemoryRegion *other;
1621
1622     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1623
1624     memory_region_ref(subregion);
1625     QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) {
1626         if (subregion->may_overlap || other->may_overlap) {
1627             continue;
1628         }
1629         if (int128_ge(int128_make64(offset),
1630                       int128_add(int128_make64(other->addr), other->size))
1631             || int128_le(int128_add(int128_make64(offset), subregion->size),
1632                          int128_make64(other->addr))) {
1633             continue;
1634         }
1635 #if 0
1636         printf("warning: subregion collision %llx/%llx (%s) "
1637                "vs %llx/%llx (%s)\n",
1638                (unsigned long long)offset,
1639                (unsigned long long)int128_get64(subregion->size),
1640                subregion->name,
1641                (unsigned long long)other->addr,
1642                (unsigned long long)int128_get64(other->size),
1643                other->name);
1644 #endif
1645     }
1646     QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) {
1647         if (subregion->priority >= other->priority) {
1648             QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(other, subregion, subregions_link);
1649             goto done;
1650         }
1651     }
1652     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mr->subregions, subregion, subregions_link);
1653 done:
1654     memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled && subregion->enabled;
1655     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1656 }
1657
1658 static void memory_region_add_subregion_common(MemoryRegion *mr,
1659                                                hwaddr offset,
1660                                                MemoryRegion *subregion)
1661 {
1662     assert(!subregion->container);
1663     subregion->container = mr;
1664     subregion->addr = offset;
1665     memory_region_update_container_subregions(subregion);
1666 }
1667
1668 void memory_region_add_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr,
1669                                  hwaddr offset,
1670                                  MemoryRegion *subregion)
1671 {
1672     subregion->may_overlap = false;
1673     subregion->priority = 0;
1674     memory_region_add_subregion_common(mr, offset, subregion);
1675 }
1676
1677 void memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(MemoryRegion *mr,
1678                                          hwaddr offset,
1679                                          MemoryRegion *subregion,
1680                                          int priority)
1681 {
1682     subregion->may_overlap = true;
1683     subregion->priority = priority;
1684     memory_region_add_subregion_common(mr, offset, subregion);
1685 }
1686
1687 void memory_region_del_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr,
1688                                  MemoryRegion *subregion)
1689 {
1690     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1691     assert(subregion->container == mr);
1692     subregion->container = NULL;
1693     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&mr->subregions, subregion, subregions_link);
1694     memory_region_unref(subregion);
1695     memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled && subregion->enabled;
1696     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1697 }
1698
1699 void memory_region_set_enabled(MemoryRegion *mr, bool enabled)
1700 {
1701     if (enabled == mr->enabled) {
1702         return;
1703     }
1704     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1705     mr->enabled = enabled;
1706     memory_region_update_pending = true;
1707     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1708 }
1709
1710 static void memory_region_readd_subregion(MemoryRegion *mr)
1711 {
1712     MemoryRegion *container = mr->container;
1713
1714     if (container) {
1715         memory_region_transaction_begin();
1716         memory_region_ref(mr);
1717         memory_region_del_subregion(container, mr);
1718         mr->container = container;
1719         memory_region_update_container_subregions(mr);
1720         memory_region_unref(mr);
1721         memory_region_transaction_commit();
1722     }
1723 }
1724
1725 void memory_region_set_address(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr)
1726 {
1727     if (addr != mr->addr) {
1728         mr->addr = addr;
1729         memory_region_readd_subregion(mr);
1730     }
1731 }
1732
1733 void memory_region_set_alias_offset(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr offset)
1734 {
1735     assert(mr->alias);
1736
1737     if (offset == mr->alias_offset) {
1738         return;
1739     }
1740
1741     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1742     mr->alias_offset = offset;
1743     memory_region_update_pending |= mr->enabled;
1744     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1745 }
1746
1747 ram_addr_t memory_region_get_ram_addr(MemoryRegion *mr)
1748 {
1749     return mr->ram_addr;
1750 }
1751
1752 uint64_t memory_region_get_alignment(const MemoryRegion *mr)
1753 {
1754     return mr->align;
1755 }
1756
1757 static int cmp_flatrange_addr(const void *addr_, const void *fr_)
1758 {
1759     const AddrRange *addr = addr_;
1760     const FlatRange *fr = fr_;
1761
1762     if (int128_le(addrrange_end(*addr), fr->addr.start)) {
1763         return -1;
1764     } else if (int128_ge(addr->start, addrrange_end(fr->addr))) {
1765         return 1;
1766     }
1767     return 0;
1768 }
1769
1770 static FlatRange *flatview_lookup(FlatView *view, AddrRange addr)
1771 {
1772     return bsearch(&addr, view->ranges, view->nr,
1773                    sizeof(FlatRange), cmp_flatrange_addr);
1774 }
1775
1776 bool memory_region_present(MemoryRegion *container, hwaddr addr)
1777 {
1778     MemoryRegion *mr = memory_region_find(container, addr, 1).mr;
1779     if (!mr || (mr == container)) {
1780         return false;
1781     }
1782     memory_region_unref(mr);
1783     return true;
1784 }
1785
1786 bool memory_region_is_mapped(MemoryRegion *mr)
1787 {
1788     return mr->container ? true : false;
1789 }
1790
1791 MemoryRegionSection memory_region_find(MemoryRegion *mr,
1792                                        hwaddr addr, uint64_t size)
1793 {
1794     MemoryRegionSection ret = { .mr = NULL };
1795     MemoryRegion *root;
1796     AddressSpace *as;
1797     AddrRange range;
1798     FlatView *view;
1799     FlatRange *fr;
1800
1801     addr += mr->addr;
1802     for (root = mr; root->container; ) {
1803         root = root->container;
1804         addr += root->addr;
1805     }
1806
1807     as = memory_region_to_address_space(root);
1808     if (!as) {
1809         return ret;
1810     }
1811     range = addrrange_make(int128_make64(addr), int128_make64(size));
1812
1813     view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
1814     fr = flatview_lookup(view, range);
1815     if (!fr) {
1816         flatview_unref(view);
1817         return ret;
1818     }
1819
1820     while (fr > view->ranges && addrrange_intersects(fr[-1].addr, range)) {
1821         --fr;
1822     }
1823
1824     ret.mr = fr->mr;
1825     ret.address_space = as;
1826     range = addrrange_intersection(range, fr->addr);
1827     ret.offset_within_region = fr->offset_in_region;
1828     ret.offset_within_region += int128_get64(int128_sub(range.start,
1829                                                         fr->addr.start));
1830     ret.size = range.size;
1831     ret.offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(range.start);
1832     ret.readonly = fr->readonly;
1833     memory_region_ref(ret.mr);
1834
1835     flatview_unref(view);
1836     return ret;
1837 }
1838
1839 void address_space_sync_dirty_bitmap(AddressSpace *as)
1840 {
1841     FlatView *view;
1842     FlatRange *fr;
1843
1844     view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
1845     FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
1846         MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, Forward, log_sync);
1847     }
1848     flatview_unref(view);
1849 }
1850
1851 void memory_global_dirty_log_start(void)
1852 {
1853     global_dirty_log = true;
1854     MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(log_global_start, Forward);
1855 }
1856
1857 void memory_global_dirty_log_stop(void)
1858 {
1859     global_dirty_log = false;
1860     MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL_GLOBAL(log_global_stop, Reverse);
1861 }
1862
1863 static void listener_add_address_space(MemoryListener *listener,
1864                                        AddressSpace *as)
1865 {
1866     FlatView *view;
1867     FlatRange *fr;
1868
1869     if (listener->address_space_filter
1870         && listener->address_space_filter != as) {
1871         return;
1872     }
1873
1874     if (global_dirty_log) {
1875         if (listener->log_global_start) {
1876             listener->log_global_start(listener);
1877         }
1878     }
1879
1880     view = address_space_get_flatview(as);
1881     FOR_EACH_FLAT_RANGE(fr, view) {
1882         MemoryRegionSection section = {
1883             .mr = fr->mr,
1884             .address_space = as,
1885             .offset_within_region = fr->offset_in_region,
1886             .size = fr->addr.size,
1887             .offset_within_address_space = int128_get64(fr->addr.start),
1888             .readonly = fr->readonly,
1889         };
1890         if (listener->region_add) {
1891             listener->region_add(listener, &section);
1892         }
1893     }
1894     flatview_unref(view);
1895 }
1896
1897 void memory_listener_register(MemoryListener *listener, AddressSpace *filter)
1898 {
1899     MemoryListener *other = NULL;
1900     AddressSpace *as;
1901
1902     listener->address_space_filter = filter;
1903     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&memory_listeners)
1904         || listener->priority >= QTAILQ_LAST(&memory_listeners,
1905                                              memory_listeners)->priority) {
1906         QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&memory_listeners, listener, link);
1907     } else {
1908         QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &memory_listeners, link) {
1909             if (listener->priority < other->priority) {
1910                 break;
1911             }
1912         }
1913         QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(other, listener, link);
1914     }
1915
1916     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
1917         listener_add_address_space(listener, as);
1918     }
1919 }
1920
1921 void memory_listener_unregister(MemoryListener *listener)
1922 {
1923     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&memory_listeners, listener, link);
1924 }
1925
1926 void address_space_init(AddressSpace *as, MemoryRegion *root, const char *name)
1927 {
1928     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&address_spaces)) {
1929         memory_init();
1930     }
1931
1932     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1933     as->root = root;
1934     as->current_map = g_new(FlatView, 1);
1935     flatview_init(as->current_map);
1936     as->ioeventfd_nb = 0;
1937     as->ioeventfds = NULL;
1938     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&address_spaces, as, address_spaces_link);
1939     as->name = g_strdup(name ? name : "anonymous");
1940     address_space_init_dispatch(as);
1941     memory_region_update_pending |= root->enabled;
1942     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1943 }
1944
1945 void address_space_destroy(AddressSpace *as)
1946 {
1947     MemoryListener *listener;
1948
1949     /* Flush out anything from MemoryListeners listening in on this */
1950     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1951     as->root = NULL;
1952     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1953     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&address_spaces, as, address_spaces_link);
1954     address_space_destroy_dispatch(as);
1955
1956     QTAILQ_FOREACH(listener, &memory_listeners, link) {
1957         assert(listener->address_space_filter != as);
1958     }
1959
1960     flatview_unref(as->current_map);
1961     g_free(as->name);
1962     g_free(as->ioeventfds);
1963 }
1964
1965 bool io_mem_read(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr, uint64_t *pval, unsigned size)
1966 {
1967     return memory_region_dispatch_read(mr, addr, pval, size);
1968 }
1969
1970 bool io_mem_write(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
1971                   uint64_t val, unsigned size)
1972 {
1973     return memory_region_dispatch_write(mr, addr, val, size);
1974 }
1975
1976 typedef struct MemoryRegionList MemoryRegionList;
1977
1978 struct MemoryRegionList {
1979     const MemoryRegion *mr;
1980     QTAILQ_ENTRY(MemoryRegionList) queue;
1981 };
1982
1983 typedef QTAILQ_HEAD(queue, MemoryRegionList) MemoryRegionListHead;
1984
1985 static void mtree_print_mr(fprintf_function mon_printf, void *f,
1986                            const MemoryRegion *mr, unsigned int level,
1987                            hwaddr base,
1988                            MemoryRegionListHead *alias_print_queue)
1989 {
1990     MemoryRegionList *new_ml, *ml, *next_ml;
1991     MemoryRegionListHead submr_print_queue;
1992     const MemoryRegion *submr;
1993     unsigned int i;
1994
1995     if (!mr || !mr->enabled) {
1996         return;
1997     }
1998
1999     for (i = 0; i < level; i++) {
2000         mon_printf(f, "  ");
2001     }
2002
2003     if (mr->alias) {
2004         MemoryRegionList *ml;
2005         bool found = false;
2006
2007         /* check if the alias is already in the queue */
2008         QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, alias_print_queue, queue) {
2009             if (ml->mr == mr->alias) {
2010                 found = true;
2011             }
2012         }
2013
2014         if (!found) {
2015             ml = g_new(MemoryRegionList, 1);
2016             ml->mr = mr->alias;
2017             QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(alias_print_queue, ml, queue);
2018         }
2019         mon_printf(f, TARGET_FMT_plx "-" TARGET_FMT_plx
2020                    " (prio %d, %c%c): alias %s @%s " TARGET_FMT_plx
2021                    "-" TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",
2022                    base + mr->addr,
2023                    base + mr->addr
2024                    + (int128_nz(mr->size) ?
2025                       (hwaddr)int128_get64(int128_sub(mr->size,
2026                                                       int128_one())) : 0),
2027                    mr->priority,
2028                    mr->romd_mode ? 'R' : '-',
2029                    !mr->readonly && !(mr->rom_device && mr->romd_mode) ? 'W'
2030                                                                        : '-',
2031                    memory_region_name(mr),
2032                    memory_region_name(mr->alias),
2033                    mr->alias_offset,
2034                    mr->alias_offset
2035                    + (int128_nz(mr->size) ?
2036                       (hwaddr)int128_get64(int128_sub(mr->size,
2037                                                       int128_one())) : 0));
2038     } else {
2039         mon_printf(f,
2040                    TARGET_FMT_plx "-" TARGET_FMT_plx " (prio %d, %c%c): %s\n",
2041                    base + mr->addr,
2042                    base + mr->addr
2043                    + (int128_nz(mr->size) ?
2044                       (hwaddr)int128_get64(int128_sub(mr->size,
2045                                                       int128_one())) : 0),
2046                    mr->priority,
2047                    mr->romd_mode ? 'R' : '-',
2048                    !mr->readonly && !(mr->rom_device && mr->romd_mode) ? 'W'
2049                                                                        : '-',
2050                    memory_region_name(mr));
2051     }
2052
2053     QTAILQ_INIT(&submr_print_queue);
2054
2055     QTAILQ_FOREACH(submr, &mr->subregions, subregions_link) {
2056         new_ml = g_new(MemoryRegionList, 1);
2057         new_ml->mr = submr;
2058         QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, &submr_print_queue, queue) {
2059             if (new_ml->mr->addr < ml->mr->addr ||
2060                 (new_ml->mr->addr == ml->mr->addr &&
2061                  new_ml->mr->priority > ml->mr->priority)) {
2062                 QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(ml, new_ml, queue);
2063                 new_ml = NULL;
2064                 break;
2065             }
2066         }
2067         if (new_ml) {
2068             QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&submr_print_queue, new_ml, queue);
2069         }
2070     }
2071
2072     QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, &submr_print_queue, queue) {
2073         mtree_print_mr(mon_printf, f, ml->mr, level + 1, base + mr->addr,
2074                        alias_print_queue);
2075     }
2076
2077     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(ml, &submr_print_queue, queue, next_ml) {
2078         g_free(ml);
2079     }
2080 }
2081
2082 void mtree_info(fprintf_function mon_printf, void *f)
2083 {
2084     MemoryRegionListHead ml_head;
2085     MemoryRegionList *ml, *ml2;
2086     AddressSpace *as;
2087
2088     QTAILQ_INIT(&ml_head);
2089
2090     QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) {
2091         mon_printf(f, "%s\n", as->name);
2092         mtree_print_mr(mon_printf, f, as->root, 0, 0, &ml_head);
2093     }
2094
2095     mon_printf(f, "aliases\n");
2096     /* print aliased regions */
2097     QTAILQ_FOREACH(ml, &ml_head, queue) {
2098         mon_printf(f, "%s\n", memory_region_name(ml->mr));
2099         mtree_print_mr(mon_printf, f, ml->mr, 0, 0, &ml_head);
2100     }
2101
2102     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(ml, &ml_head, queue, ml2) {
2103         g_free(ml);
2104     }
2105 }
2106
2107 static const TypeInfo memory_region_info = {
2108     .parent             = TYPE_OBJECT,
2109     .name               = TYPE_MEMORY_REGION,
2110     .instance_size      = sizeof(MemoryRegion),
2111     .instance_init      = memory_region_initfn,
2112     .instance_finalize  = memory_region_finalize,
2113 };
2114
2115 static void memory_register_types(void)
2116 {
2117     type_register_static(&memory_region_info);
2118 }
2119
2120 type_init(memory_register_types)