2 * Bitmaps for the QCOW version 2 format
4 * Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
6 * This file is derived from qcow2-snapshot.c, original copyright:
7 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Fabrice Bellard
9 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
10 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
11 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
12 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
13 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
14 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
16 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
17 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
19 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
20 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
21 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
22 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
23 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
24 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
28 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
29 #include "qapi/error.h"
30 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
32 #include "block/block_int.h"
35 /* NOTICE: BME here means Bitmaps Extension and used as a namespace for
36 * _internal_ constants. Please do not use this _internal_ abbreviation for
37 * other needs and/or outside of this file. */
39 /* Bitmap directory entry constraints */
40 #define BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE 0x8000000
41 #define BME_MAX_PHYS_SIZE 0x20000000 /* restrict BdrvDirtyBitmap size in RAM */
42 #define BME_MAX_GRANULARITY_BITS 31
43 #define BME_MIN_GRANULARITY_BITS 9
44 #define BME_MAX_NAME_SIZE 1023
46 #if BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE * 8ULL > INT_MAX
47 #error In the code bitmap table physical size assumed to fit into int
50 /* Bitmap directory entry flags */
51 #define BME_RESERVED_FLAGS 0xfffffffcU
52 #define BME_FLAG_IN_USE (1U << 0)
53 #define BME_FLAG_AUTO (1U << 1)
55 /* bits [1, 8] U [56, 63] are reserved */
56 #define BME_TABLE_ENTRY_RESERVED_MASK 0xff000000000001feULL
57 #define BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK 0x00fffffffffffe00ULL
58 #define BME_TABLE_ENTRY_FLAG_ALL_ONES (1ULL << 0)
60 typedef struct QEMU_PACKED Qcow2BitmapDirEntry {
61 /* header is 8 byte aligned */
62 uint64_t bitmap_table_offset;
64 uint32_t bitmap_table_size;
68 uint8_t granularity_bits;
70 uint32_t extra_data_size;
71 /* extra data follows */
73 } Qcow2BitmapDirEntry;
75 typedef struct Qcow2BitmapTable {
77 uint32_t size; /* number of 64bit entries */
78 QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(Qcow2BitmapTable) entry;
81 typedef struct Qcow2Bitmap {
82 Qcow2BitmapTable table;
84 uint8_t granularity_bits;
87 BdrvDirtyBitmap *dirty_bitmap;
89 QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(Qcow2Bitmap) entry;
91 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(Qcow2BitmapList, Qcow2Bitmap) Qcow2BitmapList;
93 typedef enum BitmapType {
94 BT_DIRTY_TRACKING_BITMAP = 1
97 static inline bool can_write(BlockDriverState *bs)
99 return !bdrv_is_read_only(bs) && !(bdrv_get_flags(bs) & BDRV_O_INACTIVE);
102 static int update_header_sync(BlockDriverState *bs)
106 ret = qcow2_update_header(bs);
111 return bdrv_flush(bs->file->bs);
114 static inline void bitmap_table_to_be(uint64_t *bitmap_table, size_t size)
118 for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
119 bitmap_table[i] = cpu_to_be64(bitmap_table[i]);
123 static int check_table_entry(uint64_t entry, int cluster_size)
127 if (entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_RESERVED_MASK) {
131 offset = entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK;
133 /* if offset specified, bit 0 is reserved */
134 if (entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_FLAG_ALL_ONES) {
138 if (offset % cluster_size != 0) {
146 static int check_constraints_on_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
148 uint32_t granularity,
151 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
152 int granularity_bits = ctz32(granularity);
153 int64_t len = bdrv_getlength(bs);
155 assert(granularity > 0);
156 assert((granularity & (granularity - 1)) == 0);
159 error_setg_errno(errp, -len, "Failed to get size of '%s'",
160 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
164 if (granularity_bits > BME_MAX_GRANULARITY_BITS) {
165 error_setg(errp, "Granularity exceeds maximum (%llu bytes)",
166 1ULL << BME_MAX_GRANULARITY_BITS);
169 if (granularity_bits < BME_MIN_GRANULARITY_BITS) {
170 error_setg(errp, "Granularity is under minimum (%llu bytes)",
171 1ULL << BME_MIN_GRANULARITY_BITS);
175 if ((len > (uint64_t)BME_MAX_PHYS_SIZE << granularity_bits) ||
176 (len > (uint64_t)BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE * s->cluster_size <<
179 error_setg(errp, "Too much space will be occupied by the bitmap. "
180 "Use larger granularity");
184 if (strlen(name) > BME_MAX_NAME_SIZE) {
185 error_setg(errp, "Name length exceeds maximum (%u characters)",
193 static void clear_bitmap_table(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t *bitmap_table,
194 uint32_t bitmap_table_size)
196 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
199 for (i = 0; i < bitmap_table_size; ++i) {
200 uint64_t addr = bitmap_table[i] & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK;
205 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, addr, s->cluster_size, QCOW2_DISCARD_ALWAYS);
210 static int bitmap_table_load(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2BitmapTable *tb,
211 uint64_t **bitmap_table)
214 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
218 assert(tb->size != 0);
219 table = g_try_new(uint64_t, tb->size);
224 assert(tb->size <= BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE);
225 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, tb->offset,
226 table, tb->size * sizeof(uint64_t));
231 for (i = 0; i < tb->size; ++i) {
232 table[i] = be64_to_cpu(table[i]);
233 ret = check_table_entry(table[i], s->cluster_size);
239 *bitmap_table = table;
248 static int free_bitmap_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2BitmapTable *tb)
251 uint64_t *bitmap_table;
253 ret = bitmap_table_load(bs, tb, &bitmap_table);
258 clear_bitmap_table(bs, bitmap_table, tb->size);
259 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, tb->offset, tb->size * sizeof(uint64_t),
260 QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
261 g_free(bitmap_table);
269 /* Return the disk size covered by a single qcow2 cluster of bitmap data. */
270 static uint64_t bytes_covered_by_bitmap_cluster(const BDRVQcow2State *s,
271 const BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap)
273 uint64_t granularity = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bitmap);
274 uint64_t limit = granularity * (s->cluster_size << 3);
276 assert(QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(limit,
277 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialization_align(bitmap)));
282 * @bitmap_table entries must satisfy specification constraints.
283 * @bitmap must be cleared */
284 static int load_bitmap_data(BlockDriverState *bs,
285 const uint64_t *bitmap_table,
286 uint32_t bitmap_table_size,
287 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap)
290 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
291 uint64_t offset, limit;
292 uint64_t bm_size = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_size(bitmap);
294 uint64_t i, tab_size =
296 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialization_size(bitmap, 0, bm_size));
298 if (tab_size != bitmap_table_size || tab_size > BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE) {
302 buf = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
303 limit = bytes_covered_by_bitmap_cluster(s, bitmap);
304 for (i = 0, offset = 0; i < tab_size; ++i, offset += limit) {
305 uint64_t count = MIN(bm_size - offset, limit);
306 uint64_t entry = bitmap_table[i];
307 uint64_t data_offset = entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK;
309 assert(check_table_entry(entry, s->cluster_size) == 0);
311 if (data_offset == 0) {
312 if (entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_FLAG_ALL_ONES) {
313 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_deserialize_ones(bitmap, offset, count,
316 /* No need to deserialize zeros because the dirty bitmap is
320 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, data_offset, buf, s->cluster_size);
324 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_deserialize_part(bitmap, buf, offset, count,
330 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_deserialize_finish(bitmap);
338 static BdrvDirtyBitmap *load_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
339 Qcow2Bitmap *bm, Error **errp)
342 uint64_t *bitmap_table = NULL;
343 uint32_t granularity;
344 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = NULL;
346 granularity = 1U << bm->granularity_bits;
347 bitmap = bdrv_create_dirty_bitmap(bs, granularity, bm->name, errp);
348 if (bitmap == NULL) {
352 if (bm->flags & BME_FLAG_IN_USE) {
353 /* Data is unusable, skip loading it */
357 ret = bitmap_table_load(bs, &bm->table, &bitmap_table);
359 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
360 "Could not read bitmap_table table from image for "
361 "bitmap '%s'", bm->name);
365 ret = load_bitmap_data(bs, bitmap_table, bm->table.size, bitmap);
367 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read bitmap '%s' from image",
372 g_free(bitmap_table);
376 g_free(bitmap_table);
377 if (bitmap != NULL) {
378 bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(bs, bitmap);
389 * Bitmap List private functions
390 * Only Bitmap List knows about bitmap directory structure in Qcow2.
393 static inline void bitmap_dir_entry_to_cpu(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
395 entry->bitmap_table_offset = be64_to_cpu(entry->bitmap_table_offset);
396 entry->bitmap_table_size = be32_to_cpu(entry->bitmap_table_size);
397 entry->flags = be32_to_cpu(entry->flags);
398 entry->name_size = be16_to_cpu(entry->name_size);
399 entry->extra_data_size = be32_to_cpu(entry->extra_data_size);
402 static inline void bitmap_dir_entry_to_be(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
404 entry->bitmap_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(entry->bitmap_table_offset);
405 entry->bitmap_table_size = cpu_to_be32(entry->bitmap_table_size);
406 entry->flags = cpu_to_be32(entry->flags);
407 entry->name_size = cpu_to_be16(entry->name_size);
408 entry->extra_data_size = cpu_to_be32(entry->extra_data_size);
411 static inline int calc_dir_entry_size(size_t name_size, size_t extra_data_size)
413 int size = sizeof(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry) + name_size + extra_data_size;
414 return ROUND_UP(size, 8);
417 static inline int dir_entry_size(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
419 return calc_dir_entry_size(entry->name_size, entry->extra_data_size);
422 static inline const char *dir_entry_name_field(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
424 return (const char *)(entry + 1) + entry->extra_data_size;
427 static inline char *dir_entry_copy_name(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
429 const char *name_field = dir_entry_name_field(entry);
430 return g_strndup(name_field, entry->name_size);
433 static inline Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *next_dir_entry(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
435 return (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)((uint8_t *)entry + dir_entry_size(entry));
438 static int check_dir_entry(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
440 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
441 uint64_t phys_bitmap_bytes;
444 bool fail = (entry->bitmap_table_size == 0) ||
445 (entry->bitmap_table_offset == 0) ||
446 (entry->bitmap_table_offset % s->cluster_size) ||
447 (entry->bitmap_table_size > BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE) ||
448 (entry->granularity_bits > BME_MAX_GRANULARITY_BITS) ||
449 (entry->granularity_bits < BME_MIN_GRANULARITY_BITS) ||
450 (entry->flags & BME_RESERVED_FLAGS) ||
451 (entry->name_size > BME_MAX_NAME_SIZE) ||
452 (entry->type != BT_DIRTY_TRACKING_BITMAP);
458 phys_bitmap_bytes = (uint64_t)entry->bitmap_table_size * s->cluster_size;
459 len = bdrv_getlength(bs);
465 if (phys_bitmap_bytes > BME_MAX_PHYS_SIZE) {
469 if (!(entry->flags & BME_FLAG_IN_USE) &&
470 (len > ((phys_bitmap_bytes * 8) << entry->granularity_bits)))
473 * We've loaded a valid bitmap (IN_USE not set) or we are going to
474 * store a valid bitmap, but the allocated bitmap table size is not
475 * enough to store this bitmap.
477 * Note, that it's OK to have an invalid bitmap with invalid size due
478 * to a bitmap that was not correctly saved after image resize.
486 static inline void bitmap_directory_to_be(uint8_t *dir, size_t size)
488 uint8_t *end = dir + size;
490 Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *e = (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)dir;
491 dir += dir_entry_size(e);
493 bitmap_dir_entry_to_be(e);
498 * Bitmap List public functions
501 static void bitmap_free(Qcow2Bitmap *bm)
511 static void bitmap_list_free(Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list)
515 if (bm_list == NULL) {
519 while ((bm = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bm_list)) != NULL) {
520 QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bm_list, entry);
527 static Qcow2BitmapList *bitmap_list_new(void)
529 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list = g_new(Qcow2BitmapList, 1);
530 QSIMPLEQ_INIT(bm_list);
535 static uint32_t bitmap_list_count(Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list)
538 uint32_t nb_bitmaps = 0;
540 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
548 * Get bitmap list from qcow2 image. Actually reads bitmap directory,
549 * checks it and convert to bitmap list.
551 static Qcow2BitmapList *bitmap_list_load(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
552 uint64_t size, Error **errp)
555 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
556 uint8_t *dir, *dir_end;
557 Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *e;
558 uint32_t nb_dir_entries = 0;
559 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list = NULL;
562 error_setg(errp, "Requested bitmap directory size is zero");
566 if (size > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE) {
567 error_setg(errp, "Requested bitmap directory size is too big");
571 dir = g_try_malloc(size);
573 error_setg(errp, "Failed to allocate space for bitmap directory");
576 dir_end = dir + size;
578 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset, dir, size);
580 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to read bitmap directory");
584 bm_list = bitmap_list_new();
585 for (e = (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)dir;
586 e < (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)dir_end;
587 e = next_dir_entry(e))
591 if ((uint8_t *)(e + 1) > dir_end) {
595 if (++nb_dir_entries > s->nb_bitmaps) {
596 error_setg(errp, "More bitmaps found than specified in header"
600 bitmap_dir_entry_to_cpu(e);
602 if ((uint8_t *)next_dir_entry(e) > dir_end) {
606 if (e->extra_data_size != 0) {
607 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap extra data is not supported");
611 ret = check_dir_entry(bs, e);
613 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap '%.*s' doesn't satisfy the constraints",
614 e->name_size, dir_entry_name_field(e));
618 bm = g_new0(Qcow2Bitmap, 1);
619 bm->table.offset = e->bitmap_table_offset;
620 bm->table.size = e->bitmap_table_size;
621 bm->flags = e->flags;
622 bm->granularity_bits = e->granularity_bits;
623 bm->name = dir_entry_copy_name(e);
624 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(bm_list, bm, entry);
627 if (nb_dir_entries != s->nb_bitmaps) {
628 error_setg(errp, "Less bitmaps found than specified in header"
633 if ((uint8_t *)e != dir_end) {
642 error_setg(errp, "Broken bitmap directory");
646 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
651 int qcow2_check_bitmaps_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *res,
652 void **refcount_table,
653 int64_t *refcount_table_size)
656 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
657 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
660 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
664 ret = qcow2_inc_refcounts_imrt(bs, res, refcount_table, refcount_table_size,
665 s->bitmap_directory_offset,
666 s->bitmap_directory_size);
671 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
672 s->bitmap_directory_size, NULL);
673 if (bm_list == NULL) {
678 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
679 uint64_t *bitmap_table = NULL;
682 ret = qcow2_inc_refcounts_imrt(bs, res,
683 refcount_table, refcount_table_size,
685 bm->table.size * sizeof(uint64_t));
690 ret = bitmap_table_load(bs, &bm->table, &bitmap_table);
696 for (i = 0; i < bm->table.size; ++i) {
697 uint64_t entry = bitmap_table[i];
698 uint64_t offset = entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK;
700 if (check_table_entry(entry, s->cluster_size) < 0) {
709 ret = qcow2_inc_refcounts_imrt(bs, res,
710 refcount_table, refcount_table_size,
711 offset, s->cluster_size);
713 g_free(bitmap_table);
718 g_free(bitmap_table);
722 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
728 * Store bitmap list to qcow2 image as a bitmap directory.
729 * Everything is checked.
731 static int bitmap_list_store(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list,
732 uint64_t *offset, uint64_t *size, bool in_place)
736 int64_t dir_offset = 0;
737 uint64_t dir_size = 0;
739 Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *e;
741 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
742 dir_size += calc_dir_entry_size(strlen(bm->name), 0);
745 if (dir_size == 0 || dir_size > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE) {
750 if (*size != dir_size || *offset == 0) {
754 dir_offset = *offset;
757 dir = g_try_malloc(dir_size);
762 e = (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)dir;
763 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
764 e->bitmap_table_offset = bm->table.offset;
765 e->bitmap_table_size = bm->table.size;
766 e->flags = bm->flags;
767 e->type = BT_DIRTY_TRACKING_BITMAP;
768 e->granularity_bits = bm->granularity_bits;
769 e->name_size = strlen(bm->name);
770 e->extra_data_size = 0;
771 memcpy(e + 1, bm->name, e->name_size);
773 if (check_dir_entry(bs, e) < 0) {
778 e = next_dir_entry(e);
781 bitmap_directory_to_be(dir, dir_size);
784 dir_offset = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, dir_size);
785 if (dir_offset < 0) {
791 /* Actually, even in in-place case ignoring QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY is not
792 * necessary, because we drop QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS when updating bitmap
793 * directory in-place (actually, turn-off the extension), which is checked
794 * in qcow2_check_metadata_overlap() */
795 ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(
796 bs, in_place ? QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY : 0, dir_offset, dir_size,
802 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, dir_offset, dir, dir_size);
811 *offset = dir_offset;
819 if (!in_place && dir_offset > 0) {
820 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, dir_offset, dir_size, QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
830 static int update_ext_header_and_dir_in_place(BlockDriverState *bs,
831 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list)
833 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
836 if (!(s->autoclear_features & QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS) ||
837 bm_list == NULL || QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bm_list) ||
838 bitmap_list_count(bm_list) != s->nb_bitmaps)
843 s->autoclear_features &= ~(uint64_t)QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS;
844 ret = update_header_sync(bs);
846 /* Two variants are possible here:
847 * 1. Autoclear flag is dropped, all bitmaps will be lost.
848 * 2. Autoclear flag is not dropped, old state is left.
853 /* autoclear bit is not set, so we can safely update bitmap directory */
855 ret = bitmap_list_store(bs, bm_list, &s->bitmap_directory_offset,
856 &s->bitmap_directory_size, true);
858 /* autoclear bit is cleared, so all leaked clusters would be removed on
863 ret = update_header_sync(bs);
865 /* autoclear bit is cleared, so all leaked clusters would be removed on
870 s->autoclear_features |= QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS;
871 return update_header_sync(bs);
872 /* If final update_header_sync() fails, two variants are possible:
873 * 1. Autoclear flag is not set, all bitmaps will be lost.
874 * 2. Autoclear flag is set, header and directory are successfully updated.
878 static int update_ext_header_and_dir(BlockDriverState *bs,
879 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list)
881 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
883 uint64_t new_offset = 0;
884 uint64_t new_size = 0;
885 uint32_t new_nb_bitmaps = 0;
886 uint64_t old_offset = s->bitmap_directory_offset;
887 uint64_t old_size = s->bitmap_directory_size;
888 uint32_t old_nb_bitmaps = s->nb_bitmaps;
889 uint64_t old_autocl = s->autoclear_features;
891 if (bm_list != NULL && !QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bm_list)) {
892 new_nb_bitmaps = bitmap_list_count(bm_list);
894 if (new_nb_bitmaps > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS) {
898 ret = bitmap_list_store(bs, bm_list, &new_offset, &new_size, false);
903 ret = qcow2_flush_caches(bs);
908 s->autoclear_features |= QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS;
910 s->autoclear_features &= ~(uint64_t)QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS;
913 s->bitmap_directory_offset = new_offset;
914 s->bitmap_directory_size = new_size;
915 s->nb_bitmaps = new_nb_bitmaps;
917 ret = update_header_sync(bs);
923 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, old_offset, old_size, QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
929 if (new_offset > 0) {
930 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, new_offset, new_size, QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
933 s->bitmap_directory_offset = old_offset;
934 s->bitmap_directory_size = old_size;
935 s->nb_bitmaps = old_nb_bitmaps;
936 s->autoclear_features = old_autocl;
941 /* for g_slist_foreach for GSList of BdrvDirtyBitmap* elements */
942 static void release_dirty_bitmap_helper(gpointer bitmap,
945 bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(bs, bitmap);
948 /* for g_slist_foreach for GSList of BdrvDirtyBitmap* elements */
949 static void set_readonly_helper(gpointer bitmap, gpointer value)
951 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_set_readonly(bitmap, (bool)value);
954 /* qcow2_load_dirty_bitmaps()
955 * Return value is a hint for caller: true means that the Qcow2 header was
956 * updated. (false doesn't mean that the header should be updated by the
957 * caller, it just means that updating was not needed or the image cannot be
959 * On failure the function returns false.
961 bool qcow2_load_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
963 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
964 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
966 GSList *created_dirty_bitmaps = NULL;
967 bool header_updated = false;
968 bool needs_update = false;
970 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
971 /* No bitmaps - nothing to do */
975 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
976 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
977 if (bm_list == NULL) {
981 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
982 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = load_bitmap(bs, bm, errp);
983 if (bitmap == NULL) {
987 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_set_persistence(bitmap, true);
988 if (bm->flags & BME_FLAG_IN_USE) {
989 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_set_inconsistent(bitmap);
991 /* NB: updated flags only get written if can_write(bs) is true. */
992 bm->flags |= BME_FLAG_IN_USE;
995 if (!(bm->flags & BME_FLAG_AUTO)) {
996 bdrv_disable_dirty_bitmap(bitmap);
998 created_dirty_bitmaps =
999 g_slist_append(created_dirty_bitmaps, bitmap);
1002 if (needs_update && can_write(bs)) {
1003 /* in_use flags must be updated */
1004 int ret = update_ext_header_and_dir_in_place(bs, bm_list);
1006 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Can't update bitmap directory");
1009 header_updated = true;
1012 if (!can_write(bs)) {
1013 g_slist_foreach(created_dirty_bitmaps, set_readonly_helper,
1017 g_slist_free(created_dirty_bitmaps);
1018 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1020 return header_updated;
1023 g_slist_foreach(created_dirty_bitmaps, release_dirty_bitmap_helper, bs);
1024 g_slist_free(created_dirty_bitmaps);
1025 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1031 static Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList *get_bitmap_info_flags(uint32_t flags)
1033 Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList *list = NULL;
1034 Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList **plist = &list;
1037 static const struct {
1038 int bme; /* Bitmap directory entry flags */
1039 int info; /* The flags to report to the user */
1041 { BME_FLAG_IN_USE, QCOW2_BITMAP_INFO_FLAGS_IN_USE },
1042 { BME_FLAG_AUTO, QCOW2_BITMAP_INFO_FLAGS_AUTO },
1045 int map_size = ARRAY_SIZE(map);
1047 for (i = 0; i < map_size; ++i) {
1048 if (flags & map[i].bme) {
1049 Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList *entry =
1050 g_new0(Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList, 1);
1051 entry->value = map[i].info;
1053 plist = &entry->next;
1054 flags &= ~map[i].bme;
1057 /* Check if the BME_* mapping above is complete */
1064 * qcow2_get_bitmap_info_list()
1065 * Returns a list of QCOW2 bitmap details.
1066 * In case of no bitmaps, the function returns NULL and
1067 * the @errp parameter is not set.
1068 * When bitmap information can not be obtained, the function returns
1069 * NULL and the @errp parameter is set.
1071 Qcow2BitmapInfoList *qcow2_get_bitmap_info_list(BlockDriverState *bs,
1074 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1075 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1077 Qcow2BitmapInfoList *list = NULL;
1078 Qcow2BitmapInfoList **plist = &list;
1080 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1084 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1085 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1086 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1090 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1091 Qcow2BitmapInfo *info = g_new0(Qcow2BitmapInfo, 1);
1092 Qcow2BitmapInfoList *obj = g_new0(Qcow2BitmapInfoList, 1);
1093 info->granularity = 1U << bm->granularity_bits;
1094 info->name = g_strdup(bm->name);
1095 info->flags = get_bitmap_info_flags(bm->flags & ~BME_RESERVED_FLAGS);
1101 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1106 int qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_rw_hint(BlockDriverState *bs, bool *header_updated,
1109 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1110 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1112 GSList *ro_dirty_bitmaps = NULL;
1115 if (header_updated != NULL) {
1116 *header_updated = false;
1119 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1120 /* No bitmaps - nothing to do */
1124 if (!can_write(bs)) {
1125 error_setg(errp, "Can't write to the image on reopening bitmaps rw");
1129 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1130 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1131 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1135 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1136 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = bdrv_find_dirty_bitmap(bs, bm->name);
1137 if (bitmap == NULL) {
1141 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_readonly(bitmap)) {
1142 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap %s was loaded prior to rw-reopen, but was "
1143 "not marked as readonly. This is a bug, something went "
1144 "wrong. All of the bitmaps may be corrupted", bm->name);
1149 bm->flags |= BME_FLAG_IN_USE;
1150 ro_dirty_bitmaps = g_slist_append(ro_dirty_bitmaps, bitmap);
1153 if (ro_dirty_bitmaps != NULL) {
1154 /* in_use flags must be updated */
1155 ret = update_ext_header_and_dir_in_place(bs, bm_list);
1157 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Can't update bitmap directory");
1160 if (header_updated != NULL) {
1161 *header_updated = true;
1163 g_slist_foreach(ro_dirty_bitmaps, set_readonly_helper, false);
1167 g_slist_free(ro_dirty_bitmaps);
1168 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1173 int qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_rw(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
1175 return qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_rw_hint(bs, NULL, errp);
1178 /* Checks to see if it's safe to resize bitmaps */
1179 int qcow2_truncate_bitmaps_check(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
1181 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1182 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1186 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1190 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1191 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1192 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1196 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1197 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = bdrv_find_dirty_bitmap(bs, bm->name);
1198 if (bitmap == NULL) {
1200 * We rely on all bitmaps being in-memory to be able to resize them,
1201 * Otherwise, we'd need to resize them on disk explicitly
1203 error_setg(errp, "Cannot resize qcow2 with persistent bitmaps that "
1204 "were not loaded into memory");
1210 * The checks against readonly and busy are redundant, but certainly
1211 * do no harm. checks against inconsistent are crucial:
1213 if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_check(bitmap, BDRV_BITMAP_DEFAULT, errp)) {
1220 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1224 /* store_bitmap_data()
1225 * Store bitmap to image, filling bitmap table accordingly.
1227 static uint64_t *store_bitmap_data(BlockDriverState *bs,
1228 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap,
1229 uint32_t *bitmap_table_size, Error **errp)
1232 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1235 uint64_t bm_size = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_size(bitmap);
1236 const char *bm_name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bitmap);
1237 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1238 BdrvDirtyBitmapIter *dbi;
1242 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialization_size(bitmap, 0, bm_size));
1244 if (tb_size > BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE ||
1245 tb_size * s->cluster_size > BME_MAX_PHYS_SIZE)
1247 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap '%s' is too big", bm_name);
1251 tb = g_try_new0(uint64_t, tb_size);
1253 error_setg(errp, "No memory");
1257 dbi = bdrv_dirty_iter_new(bitmap);
1258 buf = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
1259 limit = bytes_covered_by_bitmap_cluster(s, bitmap);
1260 assert(DIV_ROUND_UP(bm_size, limit) == tb_size);
1262 while ((offset = bdrv_dirty_iter_next(dbi)) >= 0) {
1263 uint64_t cluster = offset / limit;
1264 uint64_t end, write_size;
1268 * We found the first dirty offset, but want to write out the
1269 * entire cluster of the bitmap that includes that offset,
1270 * including any leading zero bits.
1272 offset = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, limit);
1273 end = MIN(bm_size, offset + limit);
1274 write_size = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialization_size(bitmap, offset,
1276 assert(write_size <= s->cluster_size);
1278 off = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, s->cluster_size);
1280 error_setg_errno(errp, -off,
1281 "Failed to allocate clusters for bitmap '%s'",
1287 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialize_part(bitmap, buf, offset, end - offset);
1288 if (write_size < s->cluster_size) {
1289 memset(buf + write_size, 0, s->cluster_size - write_size);
1292 ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(bs, 0, off, s->cluster_size, false);
1294 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Qcow2 overlap check failed");
1298 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, off, buf, s->cluster_size);
1300 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write bitmap '%s' to file",
1305 if (end >= bm_size) {
1309 bdrv_set_dirty_iter(dbi, end);
1312 *bitmap_table_size = tb_size;
1314 bdrv_dirty_iter_free(dbi);
1319 clear_bitmap_table(bs, tb, tb_size);
1321 bdrv_dirty_iter_free(dbi);
1328 * Store bm->dirty_bitmap to qcow2.
1329 * Set bm->table_offset and bm->table_size accordingly.
1331 static int store_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Bitmap *bm, Error **errp)
1337 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = bm->dirty_bitmap;
1338 const char *bm_name;
1340 assert(bitmap != NULL);
1342 bm_name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bitmap);
1344 tb = store_bitmap_data(bs, bitmap, &tb_size, errp);
1349 assert(tb_size <= BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE);
1350 tb_offset = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, tb_size * sizeof(tb[0]));
1351 if (tb_offset < 0) {
1352 error_setg_errno(errp, -tb_offset,
1353 "Failed to allocate clusters for bitmap '%s'",
1359 ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(bs, 0, tb_offset,
1360 tb_size * sizeof(tb[0]), false);
1362 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Qcow2 overlap check failed");
1366 bitmap_table_to_be(tb, tb_size);
1367 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, tb_offset, tb, tb_size * sizeof(tb[0]));
1369 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write bitmap '%s' to file",
1376 bm->table.offset = tb_offset;
1377 bm->table.size = tb_size;
1382 clear_bitmap_table(bs, tb, tb_size);
1384 if (tb_offset > 0) {
1385 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, tb_offset, tb_size * sizeof(tb[0]),
1386 QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
1394 static Qcow2Bitmap *find_bitmap_by_name(Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list,
1399 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1400 if (strcmp(name, bm->name) == 0) {
1408 void qcow2_remove_persistent_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
1413 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1415 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1417 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1418 /* Absence of the bitmap is not an error: see explanation above
1419 * bdrv_remove_persistent_dirty_bitmap() definition. */
1423 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1424 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1425 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1429 bm = find_bitmap_by_name(bm_list, name);
1434 QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE(bm_list, bm, Qcow2Bitmap, entry);
1436 ret = update_ext_header_and_dir(bs, bm_list);
1438 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to update bitmap extension");
1442 free_bitmap_clusters(bs, &bm->table);
1446 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1449 void qcow2_store_persistent_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
1451 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap;
1452 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1453 uint32_t new_nb_bitmaps = s->nb_bitmaps;
1454 uint64_t new_dir_size = s->bitmap_directory_size;
1456 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1458 QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, Qcow2BitmapTable) drop_tables;
1459 Qcow2BitmapTable *tb, *tb_next;
1461 if (!bdrv_has_changed_persistent_bitmaps(bs)) {
1466 if (!can_write(bs)) {
1467 error_setg(errp, "No write access");
1471 QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&drop_tables);
1473 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1474 bm_list = bitmap_list_new();
1476 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1477 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1478 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1483 /* check constraints and names */
1484 for (bitmap = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_next(bs, NULL); bitmap != NULL;
1485 bitmap = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_next(bs, bitmap))
1487 const char *name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bitmap);
1488 uint32_t granularity = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bitmap);
1491 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bitmap) ||
1492 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_readonly(bitmap) ||
1493 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_inconsistent(bitmap)) {
1497 if (check_constraints_on_bitmap(bs, name, granularity, errp) < 0) {
1498 error_prepend(errp, "Bitmap '%s' doesn't satisfy the constraints: ",
1503 bm = find_bitmap_by_name(bm_list, name);
1505 if (++new_nb_bitmaps > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS) {
1506 error_setg(errp, "Too many persistent bitmaps");
1510 new_dir_size += calc_dir_entry_size(strlen(name), 0);
1511 if (new_dir_size > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE) {
1512 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap directory is too large");
1516 bm = g_new0(Qcow2Bitmap, 1);
1517 bm->name = g_strdup(name);
1518 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(bm_list, bm, entry);
1520 if (!(bm->flags & BME_FLAG_IN_USE)) {
1521 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap '%s' already exists in the image",
1525 tb = g_memdup(&bm->table, sizeof(bm->table));
1526 bm->table.offset = 0;
1528 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&drop_tables, tb, entry);
1530 bm->flags = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_enabled(bitmap) ? BME_FLAG_AUTO : 0;
1531 bm->granularity_bits = ctz32(bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bitmap));
1532 bm->dirty_bitmap = bitmap;
1535 /* allocate clusters and store bitmaps */
1536 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1537 if (bm->dirty_bitmap == NULL) {
1541 ret = store_bitmap(bs, bm, errp);
1547 ret = update_ext_header_and_dir(bs, bm_list);
1549 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to update bitmap extension");
1553 /* Bitmap directory was successfully updated, so, old data can be dropped.
1554 * TODO it is better to reuse these clusters */
1555 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(tb, &drop_tables, entry, tb_next) {
1556 free_bitmap_clusters(bs, tb);
1560 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1561 /* For safety, we remove bitmap after storing.
1562 * We may be here in two cases:
1563 * 1. bdrv_close. It's ok to drop bitmap.
1564 * 2. inactivation. It means migration without 'dirty-bitmaps'
1565 * capability, so bitmaps are not marked with
1566 * BdrvDirtyBitmap.migration flags. It's not bad to drop them too,
1567 * and reload on invalidation.
1569 if (bm->dirty_bitmap == NULL) {
1573 bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(bs, bm->dirty_bitmap);
1576 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1580 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1581 if (bm->dirty_bitmap == NULL || bm->table.offset == 0) {
1585 free_bitmap_clusters(bs, &bm->table);
1588 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(tb, &drop_tables, entry, tb_next) {
1592 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1595 int qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_ro(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
1597 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap;
1598 Error *local_err = NULL;
1600 qcow2_store_persistent_dirty_bitmaps(bs, &local_err);
1601 if (local_err != NULL) {
1602 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1606 for (bitmap = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_next(bs, NULL); bitmap != NULL;
1607 bitmap = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_next(bs, bitmap))
1609 if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bitmap)) {
1610 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_set_readonly(bitmap, true);
1617 bool qcow2_can_store_new_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
1619 uint32_t granularity,
1622 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1624 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1626 if (s->qcow_version < 3) {
1627 /* Without autoclear_features, we would always have to assume
1628 * that a program without persistent dirty bitmap support has
1629 * accessed this qcow2 file when opening it, and would thus
1630 * have to drop all dirty bitmaps (defeating their purpose).
1632 error_setg(errp, "Cannot store dirty bitmaps in qcow2 v2 files");
1636 if (check_constraints_on_bitmap(bs, name, granularity, errp) != 0) {
1640 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1644 if (s->nb_bitmaps >= QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS) {
1646 "Maximum number of persistent bitmaps is already reached");
1650 if (s->bitmap_directory_size + calc_dir_entry_size(strlen(name), 0) >
1651 QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE)
1653 error_setg(errp, "Not enough space in the bitmap directory");
1657 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1658 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1659 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1663 found = find_bitmap_by_name(bm_list, name);
1664 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1666 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap with the same name is already stored");
1673 error_prepend(errp, "Can't make bitmap '%s' persistent in '%s': ",
1674 name, bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));