3 # Low-level QEMU shell on top of QMP.
5 # Copyright (C) 2009, 2010 Red Hat Inc.
10 # This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
11 # the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
17 # # qemu [...] -qmp unix:./qmp-sock,server
21 # $ qmp-shell ./qmp-sock
23 # Commands have the following format:
25 # < command-name > [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [ arg-nameN=argN ]
29 # (QEMU) device_add driver=e1000 id=net1
33 # key=value pairs also support Python or JSON object literal subset notations,
34 # without spaces. Dictionaries/objects {} are supported as are arrays [].
36 # example-command arg-name1={'key':'value','obj'={'prop':"value"}}
38 # Both JSON and Python formatting should work, including both styles of
39 # string literal quotes. Both paradigms of literal values should work,
40 # including null/true/false for JSON and None/True/False for Python.
43 # Transactions have the following multi-line format:
46 # action-name1 [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [arg-nameN=argN ]
48 # action-nameN [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [arg-nameN=argN ]
51 # One line transactions are also supported:
53 # transaction( action-name1 ... )
58 # TRANS> block-dirty-bitmap-add node=drive0 name=bitmap1
59 # TRANS> block-dirty-bitmap-clear node=drive0 name=bitmap0
64 # Use the -v and -p options to activate the verbose and pretty-print options,
65 # which will echo back the properly formatted JSON-compliant QMP that is being
66 # sent to QEMU, which is useful for debugging and documentation generation.
74 class QMPCompleter(list):
75 def complete(self, text, state):
77 if cmd.startswith(text):
83 class QMPShellError(Exception):
86 class QMPShellBadPort(QMPShellError):
89 class FuzzyJSON(ast.NodeTransformer):
90 '''This extension of ast.NodeTransformer filters literal "true/false/null"
91 values in an AST and replaces them by proper "True/False/None" values that
92 Python can properly evaluate.'''
93 def visit_Name(self, node):
96 if node.id == 'false':
102 # TODO: QMPShell's interface is a bit ugly (eg. _fill_completion() and
103 # _execute_cmd()). Let's design a better one.
104 class QMPShell(qmp.QEMUMonitorProtocol):
105 def __init__(self, address, pretty=False):
106 qmp.QEMUMonitorProtocol.__init__(self, self.__get_address(address))
107 self._greeting = None
108 self._completer = None
109 self._pretty = pretty
110 self._transmode = False
111 self._actions = list()
113 def __get_address(self, arg):
115 Figure out if the argument is in the port:host form, if it's not it's
116 probably a file path.
118 addr = arg.split(':')
123 raise QMPShellBadPort
124 return ( addr[0], port )
128 def _fill_completion(self):
129 for cmd in self.cmd('query-commands')['return']:
130 self._completer.append(cmd['name'])
132 def __completer_setup(self):
133 self._completer = QMPCompleter()
134 self._fill_completion()
135 readline.set_completer(self._completer.complete)
136 readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
137 # XXX: default delimiters conflict with some command names (eg. query-),
138 # clearing everything as it doesn't seem to matter
139 readline.set_completer_delims('')
141 def __parse_value(self, val):
147 if val.lower() == 'true':
149 if val.lower() == 'false':
151 if val.startswith(('{', '[')):
152 # Try first as pure JSON:
154 return json.loads(val)
157 # Try once again as FuzzyJSON:
159 st = ast.parse(val, mode='eval')
160 return ast.literal_eval(FuzzyJSON().visit(st))
167 def __cli_expr(self, tokens, parent):
169 (key, _, val) = arg.partition('=')
171 raise QMPShellError("Expected a key=value pair, got '%s'" % arg)
173 value = self.__parse_value(val)
174 optpath = key.split('.')
176 for p in optpath[:-1]:
178 d = parent.get(p, {})
179 if type(d) is not dict:
180 raise QMPShellError('Cannot use "%s" as both leaf and non-leaf key' % '.'.join(curpath))
183 if optpath[-1] in parent:
184 if type(parent[optpath[-1]]) is dict:
185 raise QMPShellError('Cannot use "%s" as both leaf and non-leaf key' % '.'.join(curpath))
187 raise QMPShellError('Cannot set "%s" multiple times' % key)
188 parent[optpath[-1]] = value
190 def __build_cmd(self, cmdline):
192 Build a QMP input object from a user provided command-line in the
195 < command-name > [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [ arg-nameN=argN ]
197 cmdargs = cmdline.split()
199 # Transactional CLI entry/exit:
200 if cmdargs[0] == 'transaction(':
201 self._transmode = True
203 elif cmdargs[0] == ')' and self._transmode:
204 self._transmode = False
206 raise QMPShellError("Unexpected input after close of Transaction sub-shell")
207 qmpcmd = { 'execute': 'transaction',
208 'arguments': { 'actions': self._actions } }
209 self._actions = list()
212 # Nothing to process?
216 # Parse and then cache this Transactional Action
219 action = { 'type': cmdargs[0], 'data': {} }
220 if cmdargs[-1] == ')':
223 self.__cli_expr(cmdargs[1:], action['data'])
224 self._actions.append(action)
225 return self.__build_cmd(')') if finalize else None
227 # Standard command: parse and return it to be executed.
228 qmpcmd = { 'execute': cmdargs[0], 'arguments': {} }
229 self.__cli_expr(cmdargs[1:], qmpcmd['arguments'])
232 def _print(self, qmp):
236 jsobj = json.dumps(qmp, indent=indent)
239 def _execute_cmd(self, cmdline):
241 qmpcmd = self.__build_cmd(cmdline)
242 except Exception as e:
243 print 'Error while parsing command line: %s' % e
244 print 'command format: <command-name> ',
245 print '[arg-name1=arg1] ... [arg-nameN=argN]'
247 # For transaction mode, we may have just cached the action:
252 resp = self.cmd_obj(qmpcmd)
260 self._greeting = qmp.QEMUMonitorProtocol.connect(self)
261 self.__completer_setup()
263 def show_banner(self, msg='Welcome to the QMP low-level shell!'):
265 version = self._greeting['QMP']['version']['qemu']
266 print 'Connected to QEMU %d.%d.%d\n' % (version['major'],version['minor'],version['micro'])
268 def get_prompt(self):
273 def read_exec_command(self, prompt):
275 Read and execute a command.
277 @return True if execution was ok, return False if disconnected.
280 cmdline = raw_input(prompt)
285 for ev in self.get_events():
290 return self._execute_cmd(cmdline)
292 def set_verbosity(self, verbose):
293 self._verbose = verbose
295 class HMPShell(QMPShell):
296 def __init__(self, address):
297 QMPShell.__init__(self, address)
300 def __cmd_completion(self):
301 for cmd in self.__cmd_passthrough('help')['return'].split('\r\n'):
302 if cmd and cmd[0] != '[' and cmd[0] != '\t':
303 name = cmd.split()[0] # drop help text
306 if name.find('|') != -1:
307 # Command in the form 'foobar|f' or 'f|foobar', take the
309 opt = name.split('|')
314 self._completer.append(name)
315 self._completer.append('help ' + name) # help completion
317 def __info_completion(self):
318 for cmd in self.__cmd_passthrough('info')['return'].split('\r\n'):
320 self._completer.append('info ' + cmd.split()[1])
322 def __other_completion(self):
324 self._completer.append('help info')
326 def _fill_completion(self):
327 self.__cmd_completion()
328 self.__info_completion()
329 self.__other_completion()
331 def __cmd_passthrough(self, cmdline, cpu_index = 0):
332 return self.cmd_obj({ 'execute': 'human-monitor-command', 'arguments':
333 { 'command-line': cmdline,
334 'cpu-index': cpu_index } })
336 def _execute_cmd(self, cmdline):
337 if cmdline.split()[0] == "cpu":
338 # trap the cpu command, it requires special setting
340 idx = int(cmdline.split()[1])
341 if not 'return' in self.__cmd_passthrough('info version', idx):
342 print 'bad CPU index'
344 self.__cpu_index = idx
346 print 'cpu command takes an integer argument'
348 resp = self.__cmd_passthrough(cmdline, self.__cpu_index)
352 assert 'return' in resp or 'error' in resp
355 if len(resp['return']) > 0:
356 print resp['return'],
359 print '%s: %s' % (resp['error']['class'], resp['error']['desc'])
362 def show_banner(self):
363 QMPShell.show_banner(self, msg='Welcome to the HMP shell!')
366 sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % msg)
369 def fail_cmdline(option=None):
371 sys.stderr.write('ERROR: bad command-line option \'%s\'\n' % option)
372 sys.stderr.write('qemu-shell [ -v ] [ -p ] [ -H ] < UNIX socket path> | < TCP address:port >\n')
383 for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
398 qemu = QMPShell(arg, pretty)
403 except QMPShellBadPort:
404 die('bad port number in command-line')
408 except qmp.QMPConnectError:
409 die('Didn\'t get QMP greeting message')
410 except qmp.QMPCapabilitiesError:
411 die('Could not negotiate capabilities')
413 die('Could not connect to %s' % addr)
416 qemu.set_verbosity(verbose)
417 while qemu.read_exec_command(qemu.get_prompt()):
421 if __name__ == '__main__':