2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-version.h"
29 #include "qapi/error.h"
30 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
31 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
32 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
35 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
36 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
37 #include "qemu/option.h"
38 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
40 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
42 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
43 #include "block/block_int.h"
44 #include "block/blockjob.h"
45 #include "block/qapi.h"
46 #include "crypto/init.h"
47 #include "trace/control.h"
49 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
50 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
52 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
54 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
59 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
61 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
63 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
64 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
65 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
67 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
71 typedef enum OutputFormat {
76 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
77 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
79 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
84 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
88 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
91 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
94 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
98 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
100 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
103 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
105 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
108 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
109 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
111 const char *help_msg =
113 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
114 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
116 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
117 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
118 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
119 " specify tracing options\n"
122 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
124 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
127 "Command parameters:\n"
128 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
129 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
130 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
131 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
132 " encryption keys.\n"
133 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
134 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
135 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
136 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
137 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
138 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
139 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
140 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
141 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
142 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
143 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
144 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
145 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
146 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
148 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
149 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
151 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
153 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
154 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
155 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
156 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
157 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
158 " to open the backing file.\n"
159 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
160 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
161 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
162 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
163 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
164 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
165 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
167 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
168 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
169 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
171 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
172 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
173 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
174 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
175 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
177 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
178 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
179 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
180 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
182 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
183 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
184 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
185 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
186 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
187 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
189 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
190 " '-f' first image format\n"
191 " '-F' second image format\n"
192 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
194 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
195 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
197 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
198 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
199 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
200 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
202 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
203 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
204 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
208 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
210 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
211 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
217 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
219 .implied_opt_name = "file",
220 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
226 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
232 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
239 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
241 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
242 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
243 Error *local_err = NULL;
245 /* Find driver and parse its options */
246 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
248 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
252 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
254 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
256 error_report_err(local_err);
257 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
260 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
263 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
264 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
269 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
270 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
271 bool quiet, bool force_share)
274 Error *local_err = NULL;
276 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
278 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
279 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
280 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
281 qobject_unref(options);
284 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
286 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
288 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
291 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
296 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
298 const char *fmt, int flags,
299 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
303 Error *local_err = NULL;
306 options = qdict_new();
309 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
313 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
315 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
317 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
320 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
326 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
327 const char *name, const char *value,
330 QDict *options = opaque;
332 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
333 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
339 static BlockBackend *img_open_new_file(const char *filename,
340 QemuOpts *create_opts,
341 const char *fmt, int flags,
342 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
345 QDict *options = NULL;
347 options = qdict_new();
348 qemu_opt_foreach(create_opts, img_add_key_secrets, options, &error_abort);
350 return img_open_file(filename, options, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
355 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
356 const char *filename,
357 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
358 bool quiet, bool force_share)
364 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
367 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
372 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
375 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
382 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
383 const char *base_filename,
384 const char *base_fmt)
389 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
391 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
398 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
400 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
409 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
414 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
418 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
424 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
427 uint64_t img_size = -1;
428 const char *fmt = "raw";
429 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
430 const char *filename;
431 const char *base_filename = NULL;
432 char *options = NULL;
433 Error *local_err = NULL;
438 static const struct option long_options[] = {
439 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
440 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
443 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
450 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
453 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
462 base_filename = optarg;
468 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
469 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
473 options = g_strdup(optarg);
475 char *old_options = options;
476 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
484 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
486 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
488 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
497 /* Get the filename */
498 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
499 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
501 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
504 if (optind >= argc) {
505 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
509 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
510 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
515 /* Get image size, if specified */
519 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
521 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
522 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
524 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
525 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
526 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
527 "petabytes and exabytes.");
531 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
533 if (optind != argc) {
534 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
537 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
538 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
540 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
552 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
556 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
558 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
559 visit_complete(v, &obj);
560 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
562 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
568 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
570 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
571 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
573 if (check->corruptions) {
574 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
575 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
582 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
583 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
587 if (check->check_errors) {
590 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
591 check->check_errors);
595 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
596 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
597 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
598 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
599 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
600 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
601 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
602 check->allocated_clusters);
605 if (check->image_end_offset) {
607 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
611 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
613 const char *filename,
618 BdrvCheckResult result;
620 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
625 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
626 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
627 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
628 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
629 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
630 check->leaks = result.leaks;
631 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
632 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
633 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
634 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
635 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
636 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
637 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
638 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
639 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
640 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
641 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
642 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
643 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
644 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
645 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
651 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
653 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
654 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
655 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
656 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
657 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
659 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
662 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
663 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
665 BlockDriverState *bs;
667 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
671 bool image_opts = false;
672 bool force_share = false;
676 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
679 int option_index = 0;
680 static const struct option long_options[] = {
681 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
682 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
683 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
684 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
685 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
686 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
687 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
690 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
691 long_options, &option_index);
697 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
700 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
709 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
711 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
712 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
713 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
714 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
716 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
717 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
732 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
734 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
740 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
745 if (optind != argc - 1) {
746 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
748 filename = argv[optind++];
750 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
751 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
752 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
753 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
755 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
759 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
760 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
765 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
767 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
771 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
778 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
779 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
781 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
782 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
787 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
788 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
790 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
791 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
793 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
795 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
796 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
797 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
798 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
800 check->corruptions_fixed);
803 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
805 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
806 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
810 switch (output_format) {
812 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
815 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
820 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
822 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
824 error_report("Check failed");
830 if (check->corruptions) {
832 } else if (check->leaks) {
839 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
844 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
845 BlockDriverState *bs;
847 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
849 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
851 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
854 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
858 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
860 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
863 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
866 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
867 qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
868 ((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
869 } while (!job->ready && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
871 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
872 ret = block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
876 job_unref(&job->job);
877 aio_context_release(aio_context);
879 /* publish completion progress only when success */
881 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
885 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
888 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
890 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
892 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
894 Error *local_err = NULL;
895 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
896 bool image_opts = false;
897 AioContext *aio_context;
900 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
903 static const struct option long_options[] = {
904 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
905 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
906 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
909 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
916 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
919 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
944 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
946 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
952 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
958 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
963 if (optind != argc - 1) {
964 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
966 filename = argv[optind++];
968 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
969 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
974 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
975 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
977 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
981 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
988 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
989 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
992 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
994 error_setg(&local_err,
995 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1000 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1001 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1002 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1003 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1005 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1010 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1015 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1016 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1017 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, BLOCK_JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1018 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1019 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1020 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1025 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1026 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1027 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1028 * counter here preemptively. */
1033 job = block_job_get("commit");
1034 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1039 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1040 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1042 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1054 qemu_progress_end();
1059 error_report_err(local_err);
1063 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1068 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1069 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1070 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1073 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1076 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1078 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1079 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1083 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1090 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1093 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1094 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1096 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
1105 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1106 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1108 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1117 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1118 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1119 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1121 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1125 int num_checked, num_used;
1131 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1137 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1139 num_checked = num_used;
1142 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1144 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1146 num_checked += *pnum;
1148 num_used = num_checked;
1149 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1159 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1160 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1162 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1163 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1165 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1166 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1169 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1173 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1175 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1177 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1187 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1190 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1192 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1193 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1194 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1197 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1198 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1199 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1200 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1201 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1202 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1204 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1205 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1206 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1211 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1213 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1214 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1217 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1219 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1228 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1230 * 0 - Images are identical
1232 * >1 - Error occurred
1234 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1236 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1237 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1238 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1239 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1240 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1241 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1242 int allocated1, allocated2;
1243 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1244 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1251 uint64_t progress_base;
1252 bool image_opts = false;
1253 bool force_share = false;
1255 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1257 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1258 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1259 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1260 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1261 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1264 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1265 long_options, NULL);
1271 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1274 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1300 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1302 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1309 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1315 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1321 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1322 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1324 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1325 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1327 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1328 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1334 /* Initialize before goto out */
1335 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1338 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1340 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1345 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1352 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1361 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1362 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1363 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1364 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1365 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1366 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1370 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1371 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1372 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1373 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1377 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1378 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1380 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1382 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1384 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1388 while (offset < total_size) {
1389 int status1, status2;
1391 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1392 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1396 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1399 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1401 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1402 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1406 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1409 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1411 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1412 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1415 if (status1 != status2) {
1417 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1418 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1422 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1424 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1428 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1429 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1431 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1433 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1437 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1439 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1441 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1445 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1446 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1447 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1448 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1454 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1456 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1457 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1459 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1460 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1467 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1470 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1471 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1472 const char *filename_over;
1474 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1475 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1477 filename_over = filename1;
1480 filename_over = filename2;
1483 while (offset < progress_base) {
1484 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1485 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1489 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1494 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1495 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1496 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1497 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1503 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1507 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1517 qemu_progress_end();
1522 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1528 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1530 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1532 int64_t *src_sectors;
1534 int64_t total_sectors;
1535 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1536 int64_t allocated_done;
1539 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1540 int64_t sector_next_status;
1541 BlockBackend *target;
1544 bool target_has_backing;
1547 size_t cluster_sectors;
1549 long num_coroutines;
1550 int running_coroutines;
1551 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1552 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1557 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1558 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1561 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1562 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1563 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1565 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1569 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1571 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1572 int ret, n, src_cur;
1574 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1576 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1577 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1579 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1580 int64_t count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1582 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1584 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1585 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1587 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1589 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1590 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1592 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1597 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1599 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1600 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1601 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1602 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1604 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1607 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1610 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1611 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1612 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1615 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1616 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1617 * cluster allocated. */
1618 if (s->compressed) {
1619 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1620 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1621 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1623 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1630 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1631 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1637 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1638 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1641 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1643 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1644 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1645 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1646 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1647 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1648 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1650 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1652 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1653 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1655 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1656 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1657 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1664 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1671 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1672 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1673 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1679 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1681 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1684 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1685 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1686 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1687 * visible at the respective offset. */
1688 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1692 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1693 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1694 * it as zero sectors.
1695 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1696 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1698 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1700 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse)) ||
1702 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1705 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1706 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1708 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1709 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
1718 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1719 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1722 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1723 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1724 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1733 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1739 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1741 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1742 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1746 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1747 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1754 s->running_coroutines++;
1755 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1760 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1762 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1763 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1764 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1767 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1769 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1773 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1774 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1776 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1777 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1779 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1780 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1782 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1784 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1785 s->allocated_done += n;
1786 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1787 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1790 if (status == BLK_DATA) {
1791 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1793 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1794 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1797 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1799 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1802 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1803 /* keep writes in order */
1804 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1805 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1806 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1808 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1811 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1812 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1814 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1815 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1820 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1821 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1822 * for this write to complete */
1823 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1824 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1825 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1827 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1828 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1829 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1831 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1839 s->co[index] = NULL;
1840 s->running_coroutines--;
1841 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1842 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1847 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1850 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1852 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1853 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1854 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1857 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1858 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1860 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1862 s->has_zero_init = true;
1866 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1867 * can be copied at a time. */
1868 if (s->compressed) {
1869 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1870 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1873 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1876 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1877 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1881 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1883 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1889 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1890 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1892 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1893 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1894 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1895 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1896 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1899 while (s->running_coroutines) {
1900 main_loop_wait(false);
1903 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1904 /* signal EOF to align */
1905 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1914 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1916 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
1917 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
1918 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
1919 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1920 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
1921 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1922 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
1923 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
1924 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1925 char *options = NULL;
1926 Error *local_err = NULL;
1927 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
1928 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
1929 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
1930 bool force_share = false;
1932 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
1933 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1935 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1936 .wr_in_order = true,
1937 .num_coroutines = 8,
1941 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1942 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1943 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1944 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1945 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1946 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
1949 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:co:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
1950 long_options, NULL);
1956 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1959 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1971 out_baseimg = optarg;
1974 s.compressed = true;
1977 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1978 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1982 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1984 char *old_options = options;
1985 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1986 g_free(old_options);
1990 snapshot_name = optarg;
1993 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1994 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
1997 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2002 snapshot_name = optarg;
2009 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2011 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
2015 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2034 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2035 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2036 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2037 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2042 s.wr_in_order = false;
2047 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2048 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2049 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2056 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2059 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2060 tgt_image_opts = true;
2065 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2069 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2070 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2075 if (!s.wr_in_order && s.compressed) {
2076 error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
2080 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2081 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2085 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2086 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2088 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2090 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2093 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2098 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2099 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2104 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2105 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2107 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2111 /* Initialize before goto out */
2115 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2116 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2118 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2119 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2121 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2122 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2123 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
2129 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2130 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2131 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2132 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2136 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2140 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2141 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2142 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2144 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2145 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2146 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2151 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2155 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2161 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2162 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2164 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2169 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2171 error_report_err(local_err);
2176 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2177 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2183 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2184 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2185 proto_drv->format_name);
2190 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2191 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2193 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2195 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2197 error_report_err(local_err);
2203 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2205 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2211 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2212 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2213 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2214 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2216 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2218 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2219 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2220 "concatenating multiple input images");
2225 /* Check if compression is supported */
2228 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2229 const char *encryptfmt =
2230 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2231 const char *preallocation =
2232 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2234 if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2235 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2240 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2241 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2248 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2250 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2258 /* Create the new image */
2259 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2261 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2262 out_filename, out_fmt);
2267 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2268 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2270 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2275 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2276 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2278 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2279 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2280 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2281 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2283 s.target = img_open_new_file(out_filename, opts, out_fmt,
2284 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2290 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2292 if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2293 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2298 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2299 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2301 s.buf_sectors = MIN(32768,
2303 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2304 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2305 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2308 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2309 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2310 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2311 strerror(-output_sectors));
2314 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2315 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2321 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2324 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2328 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2329 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2332 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2335 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2337 qemu_progress_end();
2338 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2339 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2340 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2341 blk_unref(s.target);
2343 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2344 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2348 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2356 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2358 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2361 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2364 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2365 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2367 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2369 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2375 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2379 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2381 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2382 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2383 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2384 assert(str != NULL);
2385 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2391 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2395 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2397 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2398 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2399 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2400 assert(str != NULL);
2401 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2407 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2409 ImageInfoList *elem;
2412 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2418 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2422 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2424 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2428 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2430 * @filename: topmost image filename
2431 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2432 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2433 * false - only topmost image file
2435 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2436 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2439 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2440 const char *filename,
2442 bool chain, bool force_share)
2444 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2445 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2446 GHashTable *filenames;
2449 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2453 BlockDriverState *bs;
2455 ImageInfoList *elem;
2457 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2458 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2462 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2464 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2465 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2472 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2474 error_report_err(err);
2479 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2486 filename = fmt = NULL;
2488 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2489 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2490 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2491 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2492 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2493 info->backing_filename);
2496 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2497 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2501 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2505 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2506 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2510 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2513 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2515 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2516 ImageInfoList *list;
2517 bool image_opts = false;
2518 bool force_share = false;
2523 int option_index = 0;
2524 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2525 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2526 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2527 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2528 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2529 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2530 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2531 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2534 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2535 long_options, &option_index);
2541 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2544 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2558 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2561 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2563 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2569 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2574 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2575 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2577 filename = argv[optind++];
2579 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2580 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2581 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2582 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2583 } else if (output) {
2584 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2588 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2589 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2594 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2600 switch (output_format) {
2602 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2606 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2608 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2613 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2617 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2620 switch (output_format) {
2622 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2623 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2626 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2627 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2628 e->start, e->length,
2629 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2630 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2632 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2633 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2635 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2641 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2642 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2643 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2644 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2645 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2646 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2647 if (e->has_offset) {
2648 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2659 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2660 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
2664 BlockDriverState *file;
2668 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2669 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2675 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
2680 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2683 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2692 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2697 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2698 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2700 .has_offset = has_offset,
2702 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2703 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2709 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2711 if (curr->length == 0) {
2714 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2715 curr->data != next->data ||
2716 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2717 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2718 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2721 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2724 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2730 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2733 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2735 BlockDriverState *bs;
2736 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2738 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2740 bool image_opts = false;
2741 bool force_share = false;
2746 int option_index = 0;
2747 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2748 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2749 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2750 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2751 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2752 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2753 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2756 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2757 long_options, &option_index);
2763 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2766 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2780 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2782 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2788 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2793 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2794 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2796 filename = argv[optind];
2798 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2799 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2800 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2801 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2802 } else if (output) {
2803 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2807 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2808 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2813 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
2819 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2820 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2823 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2824 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2825 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
2828 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2829 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(MIN(1 << 30, length - offset), BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2830 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
2833 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2837 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2838 curr.length += next.length;
2842 if (curr.length > 0) {
2843 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2848 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2855 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2856 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2857 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2858 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2860 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2863 BlockDriverState *bs;
2864 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2865 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2866 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2871 bool image_opts = false;
2872 bool force_share = false;
2874 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2875 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2877 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2878 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2879 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2880 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2881 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2884 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
2885 long_options, NULL);
2891 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2894 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2901 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2904 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2905 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2909 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2912 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2913 snapshot_name = optarg;
2917 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2920 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2921 snapshot_name = optarg;
2925 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2928 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2929 snapshot_name = optarg;
2937 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2939 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2945 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2951 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2952 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2954 filename = argv[optind++];
2956 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2957 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2962 /* Open the image */
2963 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
2970 /* Perform the requested action */
2976 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2977 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2978 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2980 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2981 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2982 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2984 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2986 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2987 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2991 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2992 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2994 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
2999 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3000 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3002 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3017 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3019 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3020 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3021 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3022 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3024 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3025 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3026 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3028 bool force_share = false;
3031 Error *local_err = NULL;
3032 bool image_opts = false;
3034 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3036 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3037 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3041 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3042 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3043 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3044 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3045 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3048 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3049 long_options, NULL);
3055 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3058 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3067 out_basefmt = optarg;
3070 out_baseimg = optarg;
3087 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3089 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3095 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3108 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3109 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3111 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3112 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3114 filename = argv[optind++];
3116 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3117 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3122 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3123 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3125 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3126 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3128 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3133 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3135 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3139 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3140 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3141 (void) src_writethrough;
3146 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3147 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3149 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3157 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3158 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3159 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3165 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3167 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3168 QDict *options = NULL;
3170 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3171 options = qdict_new();
3172 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
3177 options = qdict_new();
3179 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3181 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3182 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3183 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3184 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3185 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3186 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3192 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3193 options = qdict_new();
3195 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3198 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3201 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
3202 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3203 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3204 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3205 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3214 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3215 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3216 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3217 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3219 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3220 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3224 int64_t old_backing_size;
3225 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3228 float local_progress = 0;
3230 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3231 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3233 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3235 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3236 filename, strerror(-size));
3240 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3241 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3242 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3244 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3245 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3246 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3250 if (blk_new_backing) {
3251 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3252 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3253 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3254 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3261 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3264 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3265 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3266 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3268 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3269 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3271 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3280 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3281 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3283 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3284 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3286 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3287 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3290 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3292 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3297 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3298 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3300 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3301 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3304 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3306 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3311 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3312 uint64_t written = 0;
3314 while (written < n) {
3317 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3318 n - written, &pnum))
3320 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3321 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3323 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3331 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3336 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3337 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3338 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3340 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3341 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3343 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3346 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3347 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3348 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3349 } else if (ret < 0) {
3350 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3351 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3354 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3356 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3357 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3358 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3359 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3362 qemu_progress_end();
3365 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3366 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3368 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3369 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3378 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3381 int c, ret, relative;
3382 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3383 int64_t n, total_size, current_size, new_size;
3385 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3386 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3389 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3390 .name = "resize_options",
3391 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3394 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3395 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3396 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3402 bool image_opts = false;
3403 bool shrink = false;
3405 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3406 * as options by getopt. */
3408 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3412 size = argv[--argc];
3414 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3417 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3418 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3419 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3420 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3421 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3422 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3425 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3426 long_options, NULL);
3432 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3435 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3446 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3448 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3454 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3457 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3458 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3459 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3460 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3461 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3470 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3471 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3473 filename = argv[optind++];
3475 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3476 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3481 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3497 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3498 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3500 error_report_err(err);
3502 qemu_opts_del(param);
3505 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3506 qemu_opts_del(param);
3508 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3509 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3516 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3517 if (current_size < 0) {
3518 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3519 strerror(-current_size));
3525 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3529 if (total_size <= 0) {
3530 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3535 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3536 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
3541 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
3542 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
3543 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
3544 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
3546 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
3548 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
3552 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
3553 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
3554 "shrink images without this option.");
3558 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, prealloc, &err);
3560 error_report_err(err);
3564 new_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3566 error_report("Failed to verify truncated image length: %s",
3567 strerror(-new_size));
3572 /* Some block drivers implement a truncation method, but only so
3573 * the user can cause qemu to refresh the image's size from disk.
3574 * The idea is that the user resizes the image outside of qemu and
3575 * then invokes block_resize to inform qemu about it.
3576 * (This includes iscsi and file-posix for device files.)
3577 * Of course, that is not the behavior someone invoking
3578 * qemu-img resize would find useful, so we catch that behavior
3579 * here and tell the user. */
3580 if (new_size != total_size && new_size == current_size) {
3581 error_report("Image was not resized; resizing may not be supported "
3587 if (new_size != total_size) {
3588 warn_report("Image should have been resized to %" PRIi64
3589 " bytes, but was resized to %" PRIi64 " bytes",
3590 total_size, new_size);
3593 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3603 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3604 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3607 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3610 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3614 char *options = NULL;
3615 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3616 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3617 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3620 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3621 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3622 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3623 bool image_opts = false;
3625 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3627 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3628 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3629 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3630 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3633 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3634 long_options, NULL);
3641 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3644 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3650 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3651 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3653 goto out_no_progress;
3656 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3658 char *old_options = options;
3659 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3660 g_free(old_options);
3676 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3680 goto out_no_progress;
3683 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3690 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3693 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3694 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3697 goto out_no_progress;
3703 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3705 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3706 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3707 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3708 * given), print option help here */
3709 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3713 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3714 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3719 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3720 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3722 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3726 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3734 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3736 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3737 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3738 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3742 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3743 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3749 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3750 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3751 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3753 error_report_err(err);
3758 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3759 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3760 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3761 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3763 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3768 qemu_progress_end();
3772 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3773 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3782 typedef struct BenchData {
3784 uint64_t image_size;
3791 bool drain_on_flush;
3800 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3803 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3808 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3810 BenchData *b = opaque;
3814 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3819 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3820 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3821 b->in_flush = false;
3822 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3823 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3828 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3829 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3830 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3831 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3833 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3837 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3840 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3842 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3846 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3852 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3853 int64_t offset = b->offset;
3854 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
3855 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
3856 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
3859 b->offset += b->step;
3860 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3862 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3864 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3867 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3873 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3876 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3878 bool image_opts = false;
3879 bool is_write = false;
3883 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3886 int flush_interval = 0;
3887 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3889 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3890 BenchData data = {};
3892 bool writethrough = false;
3893 struct timeval t1, t2;
3895 bool force_share = false;
3899 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3900 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3901 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3902 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3903 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3904 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3905 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3908 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
3915 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3918 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3927 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3928 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3938 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3939 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3949 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3953 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
3955 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3968 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3969 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3970 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3981 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3982 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3983 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3991 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3993 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
3999 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4005 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4009 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4010 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4016 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4020 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4021 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4024 flush_interval = res;
4027 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4028 drain_on_flush = false;
4030 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4036 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4037 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4039 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4041 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4042 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4046 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4047 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4052 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4059 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4060 if (image_size < 0) {
4065 data = (BenchData) {
4067 .image_size = image_size,
4069 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4074 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4075 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4077 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4078 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4079 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4080 data.offset, data.step);
4081 if (flush_interval) {
4082 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4085 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4086 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4087 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4089 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4091 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4092 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4093 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4094 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4095 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4098 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4101 while (data.n > 0) {
4102 main_loop_wait(false);
4104 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4106 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4107 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4108 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4112 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4114 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4135 int bsz; /* Block size */
4143 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4147 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4148 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4155 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4156 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4159 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4164 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4165 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4168 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4170 if (dd->count < 0) {
4171 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4178 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4179 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4182 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4187 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4188 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4191 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4196 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4197 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4200 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4202 if (in->offset < 0) {
4203 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4210 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4215 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4216 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4217 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4218 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4219 Error *local_err = NULL;
4220 bool image_opts = false;
4222 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4223 const char *fmt = NULL;
4225 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4226 bool force_share = false;
4227 struct DdInfo dd = {
4232 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4244 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4245 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4246 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4247 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4248 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4249 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4252 const struct option long_options[] = {
4253 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4254 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4255 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4256 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4260 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4272 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4275 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4284 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4289 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4295 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4297 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4299 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4301 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4308 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4309 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4313 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4314 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4319 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4323 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4328 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4329 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4334 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4335 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4341 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4349 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4351 error_report("Unknown file format");
4355 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4358 error_report_err(local_err);
4362 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4363 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4368 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4369 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4370 proto_drv->format_name);
4374 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4375 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4377 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4379 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4381 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4386 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4387 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4388 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4391 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4392 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4393 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4394 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4396 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4397 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4400 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4402 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4403 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4409 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4410 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4411 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4412 * support image-opts style.
4414 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4415 false, false, false);
4422 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4423 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4424 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4425 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4427 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4430 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4433 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4435 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4436 int in_ret, out_ret;
4438 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4439 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4441 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4444 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4451 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4454 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4455 strerror(-out_ret));
4464 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4465 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4468 g_free(in.filename);
4469 g_free(out.filename);
4479 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
4483 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
4485 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
4486 visit_complete(v, &obj);
4487 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
4488 assert(str != NULL);
4489 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
4495 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
4497 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4498 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4499 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4500 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4501 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
4502 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
4503 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4506 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4507 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
4509 const char *filename = NULL;
4510 const char *fmt = NULL;
4511 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4512 char *options = NULL;
4513 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
4514 bool force_share = false;
4515 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4516 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
4517 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
4518 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4519 bool image_opts = false;
4520 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
4521 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
4522 Error *local_err = NULL;
4526 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
4527 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4540 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
4541 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
4545 options = g_strdup(optarg);
4547 char *old_options = options;
4548 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
4549 g_free(old_options);
4553 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
4554 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
4557 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
4562 snapshot_name = optarg;
4569 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4575 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4579 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
4580 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
4581 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
4582 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4584 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
4593 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4595 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
4596 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
4598 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
4599 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
4600 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
4601 "petabytes and exabytes.");
4605 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
4611 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4612 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4617 if (argc - optind > 1) {
4618 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
4620 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
4621 filename = argv[optind];
4625 (object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
4626 error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
4627 "require a filename argument.");
4630 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4631 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
4634 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
4635 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
4640 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
4641 false, false, force_share);
4647 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
4648 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
4649 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
4651 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
4652 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
4653 snapshot_name, &local_err);
4656 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
4661 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4663 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4666 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4667 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4672 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4673 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
4674 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4676 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
4678 error_report_err(local_err);
4679 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4683 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4684 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
4687 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
4689 error_report_err(local_err);
4693 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
4694 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
4695 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
4697 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
4703 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
4704 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
4705 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4706 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
4707 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4713 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4714 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4715 { option, callback },
4716 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4721 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4723 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4724 const char *cmdname;
4725 Error *local_error = NULL;
4726 char *trace_file = NULL;
4728 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4729 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4730 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4731 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4736 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4739 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4740 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
4741 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4743 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4744 error_report_err(local_error);
4748 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4750 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4753 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4756 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4757 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4758 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4760 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4763 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4766 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4772 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4776 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4781 cmdname = argv[optind];
4783 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4791 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4794 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4795 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4797 /* find the command */
4798 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4799 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4800 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4805 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);