2 * Dynamic device configuration and creation.
4 * Copyright (c) 2009 CodeSourcery
6 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
8 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
9 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
14 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
17 * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
22 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
23 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
24 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
25 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
26 #include "qapi/error.h"
27 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
28 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
29 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
30 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
31 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
32 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
33 #include "qemu/option.h"
34 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
35 #include "migration/misc.h"
38 * Aliases were a bad idea from the start. Let's keep them
39 * from spreading further.
41 typedef struct QDevAlias
48 /* Please keep this table sorted by typename. */
49 static const QDevAlias qdev_alias_table[] = {
50 { "e1000", "e1000-82540em" },
51 { "ich9-ahci", "ahci" },
52 { "lsi53c895a", "lsi" },
53 { "virtio-9p-ccw", "virtio-9p", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
54 { "virtio-9p-pci", "virtio-9p", QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
55 { "virtio-balloon-ccw", "virtio-balloon", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
56 { "virtio-balloon-pci", "virtio-balloon",
57 QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
58 { "virtio-blk-ccw", "virtio-blk", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
59 { "virtio-blk-pci", "virtio-blk", QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
60 { "virtio-gpu-ccw", "virtio-gpu", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
61 { "virtio-gpu-pci", "virtio-gpu", QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
62 { "virtio-input-host-ccw", "virtio-input-host", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
63 { "virtio-input-host-pci", "virtio-input-host",
64 QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
65 { "virtio-keyboard-ccw", "virtio-keyboard", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
66 { "virtio-keyboard-pci", "virtio-keyboard",
67 QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
68 { "virtio-mouse-ccw", "virtio-mouse", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
69 { "virtio-mouse-pci", "virtio-mouse", QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
70 { "virtio-net-ccw", "virtio-net", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
71 { "virtio-net-pci", "virtio-net", QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
72 { "virtio-rng-ccw", "virtio-rng", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
73 { "virtio-rng-pci", "virtio-rng", QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
74 { "virtio-scsi-ccw", "virtio-scsi", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
75 { "virtio-scsi-pci", "virtio-scsi", QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
76 { "virtio-serial-ccw", "virtio-serial", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
77 { "virtio-serial-pci", "virtio-serial", QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
78 { "virtio-tablet-ccw", "virtio-tablet", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
79 { "virtio-tablet-pci", "virtio-tablet", QEMU_ARCH_ALL & ~QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
83 static const char *qdev_class_get_alias(DeviceClass *dc)
85 const char *typename = object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(dc));
88 for (i = 0; qdev_alias_table[i].typename; i++) {
89 if (qdev_alias_table[i].arch_mask &&
90 !(qdev_alias_table[i].arch_mask & arch_type)) {
94 if (strcmp(qdev_alias_table[i].typename, typename) == 0) {
95 return qdev_alias_table[i].alias;
102 static bool qdev_class_has_alias(DeviceClass *dc)
104 return (qdev_class_get_alias(dc) != NULL);
107 static void qdev_print_devinfo(DeviceClass *dc)
109 error_printf("name \"%s\"", object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(dc)));
111 error_printf(", bus %s", dc->bus_type);
113 if (qdev_class_has_alias(dc)) {
114 error_printf(", alias \"%s\"", qdev_class_get_alias(dc));
117 error_printf(", desc \"%s\"", dc->desc);
119 if (!dc->user_creatable) {
120 error_printf(", no-user");
125 static gint devinfo_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
127 return strcasecmp(object_class_get_name((ObjectClass *)a),
128 object_class_get_name((ObjectClass *)b));
131 static void qdev_print_devinfos(bool show_no_user)
133 static const char *cat_name[DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX + 1] = {
134 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_BRIDGE] = "Controller/Bridge/Hub",
135 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_USB] = "USB",
136 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_STORAGE] = "Storage",
137 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_NETWORK] = "Network",
138 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_INPUT] = "Input",
139 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_DISPLAY] = "Display",
140 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_SOUND] = "Sound",
141 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC] = "Misc",
142 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_CPU] = "CPU",
143 [DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX] = "Uncategorized",
149 list = g_slist_sort(object_class_get_list(TYPE_DEVICE, false),
152 for (i = 0; i <= DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX; i++) {
154 for (elt = list; elt; elt = elt->next) {
155 DeviceClass *dc = OBJECT_CLASS_CHECK(DeviceClass, elt->data,
157 if ((i < DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX
158 ? !test_bit(i, dc->categories)
159 : !bitmap_empty(dc->categories, DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX))
161 && !dc->user_creatable)) {
165 error_printf("%s%s devices:\n", i ? "\n" : "",
169 qdev_print_devinfo(dc);
176 static int set_property(void *opaque, const char *name, const char *value,
179 Object *obj = opaque;
182 if (strcmp(name, "driver") == 0)
184 if (strcmp(name, "bus") == 0)
187 object_property_parse(obj, value, name, &err);
189 error_propagate(errp, err);
195 static const char *find_typename_by_alias(const char *alias)
199 for (i = 0; qdev_alias_table[i].alias; i++) {
200 if (qdev_alias_table[i].arch_mask &&
201 !(qdev_alias_table[i].arch_mask & arch_type)) {
205 if (strcmp(qdev_alias_table[i].alias, alias) == 0) {
206 return qdev_alias_table[i].typename;
213 static DeviceClass *qdev_get_device_class(const char **driver, Error **errp)
217 const char *original_name = *driver;
219 oc = object_class_by_name(*driver);
221 const char *typename = find_typename_by_alias(*driver);
225 oc = object_class_by_name(*driver);
229 if (!object_class_dynamic_cast(oc, TYPE_DEVICE)) {
230 if (*driver != original_name) {
231 error_setg(errp, "'%s' (alias '%s') is not a valid device model"
232 " name", original_name, *driver);
234 error_setg(errp, "'%s' is not a valid device model name", *driver);
239 if (object_class_is_abstract(oc)) {
240 error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "driver",
241 "non-abstract device type");
245 dc = DEVICE_CLASS(oc);
246 if (!dc->user_creatable ||
247 (qdev_hotplug && !dc->hotpluggable)) {
248 error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "driver",
249 "pluggable device type");
257 int qdev_device_help(QemuOpts *opts)
259 Error *local_err = NULL;
261 ObjectPropertyInfoList *prop_list;
262 ObjectPropertyInfoList *prop;
264 driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
265 if (driver && is_help_option(driver)) {
266 qdev_print_devinfos(false);
270 if (!driver || !qemu_opt_has_help_opt(opts)) {
274 if (!object_class_by_name(driver)) {
275 const char *typename = find_typename_by_alias(driver);
282 prop_list = qmp_device_list_properties(driver, &local_err);
287 for (prop = prop_list; prop; prop = prop->next) {
288 error_printf("%s.%s=%s", driver,
291 if (prop->value->has_description) {
292 error_printf(" (%s)\n", prop->value->description);
298 qapi_free_ObjectPropertyInfoList(prop_list);
302 error_report_err(local_err);
306 static Object *qdev_get_peripheral(void)
311 dev = container_get(qdev_get_machine(), "/peripheral");
317 static Object *qdev_get_peripheral_anon(void)
322 dev = container_get(qdev_get_machine(), "/peripheral-anon");
328 static void qbus_list_bus(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
331 const char *sep = " ";
333 error_append_hint(errp, "child buses at \"%s\":",
334 dev->id ? dev->id : object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
335 QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
336 error_append_hint(errp, "%s\"%s\"", sep, child->name);
339 error_append_hint(errp, "\n");
342 static void qbus_list_dev(BusState *bus, Error **errp)
345 const char *sep = " ";
347 error_append_hint(errp, "devices at \"%s\":", bus->name);
348 QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
349 DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
350 error_append_hint(errp, "%s\"%s\"", sep,
351 object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
353 error_append_hint(errp, "/\"%s\"", dev->id);
357 error_append_hint(errp, "\n");
360 static BusState *qbus_find_bus(DeviceState *dev, char *elem)
364 QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
365 if (strcmp(child->name, elem) == 0) {
372 static DeviceState *qbus_find_dev(BusState *bus, char *elem)
377 * try to match in order:
378 * (1) instance id, if present
380 * (3) driver alias, if present
382 QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
383 DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
384 if (dev->id && strcmp(dev->id, elem) == 0) {
388 QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
389 DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
390 if (strcmp(object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)), elem) == 0) {
394 QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
395 DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
396 DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
398 if (qdev_class_has_alias(dc) &&
399 strcmp(qdev_class_get_alias(dc), elem) == 0) {
406 static inline bool qbus_is_full(BusState *bus)
408 BusClass *bus_class = BUS_GET_CLASS(bus);
409 return bus_class->max_dev && bus->max_index >= bus_class->max_dev;
413 * Search the tree rooted at @bus for a bus.
414 * If @name, search for a bus with that name. Note that bus names
415 * need not be unique. Yes, that's screwed up.
416 * Else search for a bus that is a subtype of @bus_typename.
417 * If more than one exists, prefer one that can take another device.
418 * Return the bus if found, else %NULL.
420 static BusState *qbus_find_recursive(BusState *bus, const char *name,
421 const char *bus_typename)
424 BusState *pick, *child, *ret;
427 assert(name || bus_typename);
429 match = !strcmp(bus->name, name);
431 match = !!object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(bus), bus_typename);
434 if (match && !qbus_is_full(bus)) {
435 return bus; /* root matches and isn't full */
438 pick = match ? bus : NULL;
440 QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
441 DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
442 QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
443 ret = qbus_find_recursive(child, name, bus_typename);
444 if (ret && !qbus_is_full(ret)) {
445 return ret; /* a descendant matches and isn't full */
453 /* root or a descendant matches, but is full */
457 static BusState *qbus_find(const char *path, Error **errp)
464 /* find start element */
465 if (path[0] == '/') {
466 bus = sysbus_get_default();
469 if (sscanf(path, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
473 bus = qbus_find_recursive(sysbus_get_default(), elem, NULL);
475 error_setg(errp, "Bus '%s' not found", elem);
482 assert(path[pos] == '/' || !path[pos]);
483 while (path[pos] == '/') {
486 if (path[pos] == '\0') {
491 if (sscanf(path+pos, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
492 g_assert_not_reached();
496 dev = qbus_find_dev(bus, elem);
498 error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
499 "Device '%s' not found", elem);
500 qbus_list_dev(bus, errp);
504 assert(path[pos] == '/' || !path[pos]);
505 while (path[pos] == '/') {
508 if (path[pos] == '\0') {
509 /* last specified element is a device. If it has exactly
510 * one child bus accept it nevertheless */
511 if (dev->num_child_bus == 1) {
512 bus = QLIST_FIRST(&dev->child_bus);
515 if (dev->num_child_bus) {
516 error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has multiple child buses",
518 qbus_list_bus(dev, errp);
520 error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no child bus", elem);
526 if (sscanf(path+pos, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
527 g_assert_not_reached();
531 bus = qbus_find_bus(dev, elem);
533 error_setg(errp, "Bus '%s' not found", elem);
534 qbus_list_bus(dev, errp);
539 if (qbus_is_full(bus)) {
540 error_setg(errp, "Bus '%s' is full", path);
546 void qdev_set_id(DeviceState *dev, const char *id)
553 object_property_add_child(qdev_get_peripheral(), dev->id,
556 static int anon_count;
557 gchar *name = g_strdup_printf("device[%d]", anon_count++);
558 object_property_add_child(qdev_get_peripheral_anon(), name,
564 DeviceState *qdev_device_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
567 const char *driver, *path;
569 BusState *bus = NULL;
572 driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
574 error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "driver");
579 dc = qdev_get_device_class(&driver, errp);
585 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "bus");
587 bus = qbus_find(path, errp);
591 if (!object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(bus), dc->bus_type)) {
592 error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' can't go on %s bus",
593 driver, object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus)));
596 } else if (dc->bus_type != NULL) {
597 bus = qbus_find_recursive(sysbus_get_default(), NULL, dc->bus_type);
598 if (!bus || qbus_is_full(bus)) {
599 error_setg(errp, "No '%s' bus found for device '%s'",
600 dc->bus_type, driver);
604 if (qdev_hotplug && bus && !qbus_is_hotpluggable(bus)) {
605 error_setg(errp, QERR_BUS_NO_HOTPLUG, bus->name);
609 if (!migration_is_idle()) {
610 error_setg(errp, "device_add not allowed while migrating");
615 dev = DEVICE(object_new(driver));
618 qdev_set_parent_bus(dev, bus);
619 } else if (qdev_hotplug && !qdev_get_machine_hotplug_handler(dev)) {
620 /* No bus, no machine hotplug handler --> device is not hotpluggable */
621 error_setg(&err, "Device '%s' can not be hotplugged on this machine",
626 qdev_set_id(dev, qemu_opts_id(opts));
629 if (qemu_opt_foreach(opts, set_property, dev, &err)) {
634 object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(dev), true, "realized", &err);
642 error_propagate(errp, err);
643 object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
644 object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
649 #define qdev_printf(fmt, ...) monitor_printf(mon, "%*s" fmt, indent, "", ## __VA_ARGS__)
650 static void qbus_print(Monitor *mon, BusState *bus, int indent);
652 static void qdev_print_props(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, Property *props,
657 for (; props->name; props++) {
660 char *legacy_name = g_strdup_printf("legacy-%s", props->name);
661 if (object_property_get_type(OBJECT(dev), legacy_name, NULL)) {
662 value = object_property_get_str(OBJECT(dev), legacy_name, &err);
664 value = object_property_print(OBJECT(dev), props->name, true, &err);
672 qdev_printf("%s = %s\n", props->name,
673 value && *value ? value : "<null>");
678 static void bus_print_dev(BusState *bus, Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent)
680 BusClass *bc = BUS_GET_CLASS(bus);
683 bc->print_dev(mon, dev, indent);
687 static void qdev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent)
693 qdev_printf("dev: %s, id \"%s\"\n", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)),
694 dev->id ? dev->id : "");
696 QLIST_FOREACH(ngl, &dev->gpios, node) {
698 qdev_printf("gpio-in \"%s\" %d\n", ngl->name ? ngl->name : "",
702 qdev_printf("gpio-out \"%s\" %d\n", ngl->name ? ngl->name : "",
706 class = object_get_class(OBJECT(dev));
708 qdev_print_props(mon, dev, DEVICE_CLASS(class)->props, indent);
709 class = object_class_get_parent(class);
710 } while (class != object_class_by_name(TYPE_DEVICE));
711 bus_print_dev(dev->parent_bus, mon, dev, indent);
712 QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
713 qbus_print(mon, child, indent);
717 static void qbus_print(Monitor *mon, BusState *bus, int indent)
721 qdev_printf("bus: %s\n", bus->name);
723 qdev_printf("type %s\n", object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus)));
724 QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
725 DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
726 qdev_print(mon, dev, indent);
731 void hmp_info_qtree(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
733 if (sysbus_get_default())
734 qbus_print(mon, sysbus_get_default(), 0);
737 void hmp_info_qdm(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
739 qdev_print_devinfos(true);
742 typedef struct QOMCompositionState {
745 } QOMCompositionState;
747 static void print_qom_composition(Monitor *mon, Object *obj, int indent);
749 static int print_qom_composition_child(Object *obj, void *opaque)
751 QOMCompositionState *s = opaque;
753 print_qom_composition(s->mon, obj, s->indent);
758 static void print_qom_composition(Monitor *mon, Object *obj, int indent)
760 QOMCompositionState s = {
762 .indent = indent + 2,
766 if (obj == object_get_root()) {
769 name = object_get_canonical_path_component(obj);
771 monitor_printf(mon, "%*s/%s (%s)\n", indent, "", name,
772 object_get_typename(obj));
774 object_child_foreach(obj, print_qom_composition_child, &s);
777 void hmp_info_qom_tree(Monitor *mon, const QDict *dict)
779 const char *path = qdict_get_try_str(dict, "path");
781 bool ambiguous = false;
784 obj = object_resolve_path(path, &ambiguous);
786 monitor_printf(mon, "Path '%s' could not be resolved.\n", path);
790 monitor_printf(mon, "Warning: Path '%s' is ambiguous.\n", path);
794 obj = qdev_get_machine();
796 print_qom_composition(mon, obj, 0);
799 void qmp_device_add(QDict *qdict, QObject **ret_data, Error **errp)
801 Error *local_err = NULL;
805 opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(qemu_find_opts("device"), qdict, &local_err);
807 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
810 if (!monitor_cur_is_qmp() && qdev_device_help(opts)) {
814 dev = qdev_device_add(opts, &local_err);
816 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
820 object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
823 static DeviceState *find_device_state(const char *id, Error **errp)
828 obj = object_resolve_path(id, NULL);
830 char *root_path = object_get_canonical_path(qdev_get_peripheral());
831 char *path = g_strdup_printf("%s/%s", root_path, id);
834 obj = object_resolve_path_type(path, TYPE_DEVICE, NULL);
839 error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
840 "Device '%s' not found", id);
844 if (!object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_DEVICE)) {
845 error_setg(errp, "%s is not a hotpluggable device", id);
852 void qdev_unplug(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
854 DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
855 HotplugHandler *hotplug_ctrl;
856 HotplugHandlerClass *hdc;
858 if (dev->parent_bus && !qbus_is_hotpluggable(dev->parent_bus)) {
859 error_setg(errp, QERR_BUS_NO_HOTPLUG, dev->parent_bus->name);
863 if (!dc->hotpluggable) {
864 error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NO_HOTPLUG,
865 object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
869 if (!migration_is_idle()) {
870 error_setg(errp, "device_del not allowed while migrating");
874 qdev_hot_removed = true;
876 hotplug_ctrl = qdev_get_hotplug_handler(dev);
877 /* hotpluggable device MUST have HotplugHandler, if it doesn't
878 * then something is very wrong with it */
879 g_assert(hotplug_ctrl);
881 /* If device supports async unplug just request it to be done,
882 * otherwise just remove it synchronously */
883 hdc = HOTPLUG_HANDLER_GET_CLASS(hotplug_ctrl);
884 if (hdc->unplug_request) {
885 hotplug_handler_unplug_request(hotplug_ctrl, dev, errp);
887 hotplug_handler_unplug(hotplug_ctrl, dev, errp);
891 void qmp_device_del(const char *id, Error **errp)
893 DeviceState *dev = find_device_state(id, errp);
895 qdev_unplug(dev, errp);
899 BlockBackend *blk_by_qdev_id(const char *id, Error **errp)
904 dev = find_device_state(id, errp);
909 blk = blk_by_dev(dev);
911 error_setg(errp, "Device does not have a block device backend");
916 void qdev_machine_init(void)
918 qdev_get_peripheral_anon();
919 qdev_get_peripheral();
922 QemuOptsList qemu_device_opts = {
924 .implied_opt_name = "driver",
925 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_device_opts.head),
928 * no elements => accept any
929 * sanity checking will happen later
930 * when setting device properties
932 { /* end of list */ }
936 QemuOptsList qemu_global_opts = {
938 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_global_opts.head),
942 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
945 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
948 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
950 { /* end of list */ }
954 int qemu_global_option(const char *str)
956 char driver[64], property[64];
960 rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.=].%63[^=]%n", driver, property, &offset);
961 if (rc == 2 && str[offset] == '=') {
962 opts = qemu_opts_create(&qemu_global_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
963 qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", driver, &error_abort);
964 qemu_opt_set(opts, "property", property, &error_abort);
965 qemu_opt_set(opts, "value", str + offset + 1, &error_abort);
969 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_global_opts, str, false);