2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "qemu-version.h"
26 #include "qapi/error.h"
27 #include "qapi-visit.h"
28 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
29 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
31 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
32 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
33 #include "qemu/option.h"
34 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
36 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
37 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
38 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
39 #include "block/block_int.h"
40 #include "block/blockjob.h"
41 #include "block/qapi.h"
42 #include "crypto/init.h"
43 #include "trace/control.h"
46 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
47 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
49 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
51 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
56 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
58 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
60 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
61 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
64 typedef enum OutputFormat {
69 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
70 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
72 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
77 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
81 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
84 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
87 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
91 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
92 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
94 const char *help_msg =
96 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
97 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
99 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
100 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
101 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
102 " specify tracing options\n"
105 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
107 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
111 "Command parameters:\n"
112 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
113 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
114 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
115 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
116 " encryption keys.\n"
117 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
118 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
119 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
120 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
121 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
122 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
123 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
124 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
125 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
126 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
127 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
128 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
129 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
130 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
132 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
133 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
135 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
137 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
138 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
139 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
140 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
141 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
142 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
143 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
144 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
145 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
146 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
147 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
149 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
150 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
151 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
153 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
154 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
155 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
156 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
157 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
159 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
160 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
161 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
162 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
164 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
165 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
166 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
167 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
168 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
169 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
171 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
172 " '-f' first image format\n"
173 " '-F' second image format\n"
174 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
176 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
177 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
179 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
180 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
181 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
182 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
184 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
185 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
190 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
192 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
193 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
199 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
201 .implied_opt_name = "file",
202 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
208 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
214 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
221 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
223 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
224 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
225 Error *local_err = NULL;
227 /* Find driver and parse its options */
228 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
230 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
234 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
236 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
238 error_report_err(local_err);
239 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
242 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
245 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
246 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
251 static int img_open_password(BlockBackend *blk, const char *filename,
252 int flags, bool quiet)
254 BlockDriverState *bs;
258 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && bdrv_key_required(bs) &&
259 !(flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO)) {
260 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
261 if (qemu_read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
262 error_report("No password given");
265 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
266 error_report("invalid password");
274 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
275 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
279 Error *local_err = NULL;
281 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
282 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
284 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
287 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
289 if (img_open_password(blk, optstr, flags, quiet) < 0) {
296 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
297 const char *fmt, int flags,
298 bool writethrough, bool quiet)
301 Error *local_err = NULL;
302 QDict *options = NULL;
305 options = qdict_new();
306 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt));
309 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
311 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
314 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
316 if (img_open_password(blk, filename, flags, quiet) < 0) {
324 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
325 const char *filename,
326 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
333 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
336 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
341 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet);
343 blk = img_open_file(filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
349 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
350 const char *base_filename,
351 const char *base_fmt)
356 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
358 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
365 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
367 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
376 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
381 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
385 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
391 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
394 uint64_t img_size = -1;
395 const char *fmt = "raw";
396 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
397 const char *filename;
398 const char *base_filename = NULL;
399 char *options = NULL;
400 Error *local_err = NULL;
404 static const struct option long_options[] = {
405 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
406 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
409 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q",
423 base_filename = optarg;
429 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
430 "encryption\' instead!");
433 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
434 "compat6\' instead!");
437 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
438 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
442 options = g_strdup(optarg);
444 char *old_options = options;
445 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
452 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
454 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
463 /* Get the filename */
464 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
465 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
467 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
470 if (optind >= argc) {
471 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
475 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
476 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
481 /* Get image size, if specified */
485 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
487 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
488 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
490 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
491 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
492 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
493 "petabytes and exabytes.");
497 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
499 if (optind != argc) {
500 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
503 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
504 options, img_size, 0, &local_err, quiet);
506 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
518 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
522 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
524 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
525 visit_complete(v, &obj);
526 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
528 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
534 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
536 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
537 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
539 if (check->corruptions) {
540 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
541 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
548 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
549 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
553 if (check->check_errors) {
556 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
557 check->check_errors);
561 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
562 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
563 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
564 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
565 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
566 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
567 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
568 check->allocated_clusters);
571 if (check->image_end_offset) {
573 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
577 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
579 const char *filename,
584 BdrvCheckResult result;
586 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
591 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
592 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
593 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
594 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
595 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
596 check->leaks = result.leaks;
597 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
598 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
599 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
600 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
601 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
602 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
603 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
604 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
605 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
606 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
607 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
608 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
609 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
610 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
611 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
617 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
619 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
620 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
621 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
622 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
623 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
625 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
628 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
629 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
631 BlockDriverState *bs;
633 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
637 bool image_opts = false;
641 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
644 int option_index = 0;
645 static const struct option long_options[] = {
646 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
647 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
648 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
649 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
650 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
651 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
654 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:r:T:q",
655 long_options, &option_index);
668 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
670 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
671 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
672 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
673 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
675 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
676 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
688 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
690 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
696 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
701 if (optind != argc - 1) {
702 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
704 filename = argv[optind++];
706 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
707 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
708 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
709 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
711 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
715 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
716 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
721 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
723 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
727 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
733 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
734 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
736 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
737 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
742 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
743 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
745 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
746 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
748 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
750 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
751 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
752 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
753 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
755 check->corruptions_fixed);
758 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
760 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
761 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
765 switch (output_format) {
767 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
770 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
775 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
777 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
779 error_report("Check failed");
785 if (check->corruptions) {
787 } else if (check->leaks) {
794 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
799 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
800 BlockDriverState *bs;
802 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
804 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
806 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
809 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
813 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
815 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
817 /* FIXME In error cases, the job simply goes away and we access a dangling
819 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
821 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
822 qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
823 ((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
824 } while (!job->ready);
826 block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
827 aio_context_release(aio_context);
829 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
830 * so just signal completion here */
831 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
834 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
837 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
839 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
841 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
843 Error *local_err = NULL;
844 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
845 bool image_opts = false;
846 AioContext *aio_context;
849 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
852 static const struct option long_options[] = {
853 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
854 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
855 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
858 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:ht:b:dpq",
888 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
890 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
896 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
902 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
907 if (optind != argc - 1) {
908 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
910 filename = argv[optind++];
912 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
913 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
918 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
919 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
921 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
925 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
931 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
932 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
935 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
937 error_setg(&local_err,
938 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
943 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
944 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
945 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
946 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
948 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
953 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
958 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
959 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
960 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, BLOCK_JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
961 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
962 &cbi, &local_err, false);
963 aio_context_release(aio_context);
968 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
969 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
970 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
971 * counter here preemptively. */
976 job = block_job_get("commit");
977 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
982 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
983 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
985 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1002 error_report_err(local_err);
1006 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1011 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1014 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1015 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1017 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
1026 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1027 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1029 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1038 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1039 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1040 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1042 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1046 int num_checked, num_used;
1052 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1058 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1060 num_checked = num_used;
1063 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1065 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1067 num_checked += *pnum;
1069 num_used = num_checked;
1070 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1080 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
1081 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
1083 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1084 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
1086 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
1097 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
1098 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1102 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
1111 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1113 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
1115 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1118 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
1120 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1124 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1126 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
1127 * data and negative value on error.
1129 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1130 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
1131 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
1132 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1133 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1134 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1136 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t sect_num,
1137 int sect_count, const char *filename,
1138 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1141 ret = blk_pread(blk, sect_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buffer,
1142 sect_count << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1144 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1145 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
1148 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
1149 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
1150 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1151 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
1159 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1161 * 0 - Images are identical
1163 * >1 - Error occurred
1165 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1167 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1168 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1169 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1170 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
1171 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1173 int allocated1, allocated2;
1174 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1175 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1178 int64_t total_sectors;
1179 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1182 uint64_t progress_base;
1183 bool image_opts = false;
1185 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1187 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1188 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1189 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1190 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1193 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:T:pqs",
1194 long_options, NULL);
1221 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1223 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1230 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1236 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1242 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1243 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1245 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1246 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1248 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1249 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1255 /* Initialize before goto out */
1256 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1259 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1261 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1266 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet);
1272 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet);
1280 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1281 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1282 total_sectors1 = blk_nb_sectors(blk1);
1283 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1284 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1285 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1289 total_sectors2 = blk_nb_sectors(blk2);
1290 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1291 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1292 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1296 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1297 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1299 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1301 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1303 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1308 int64_t status1, status2;
1309 BlockDriverState *file;
1311 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1312 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1315 status1 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num,
1316 total_sectors1 - sector_num,
1320 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1323 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1325 status2 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num,
1326 total_sectors2 - sector_num,
1330 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1333 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1335 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum1);
1338 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum2);
1342 if ((status1 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK) !=
1343 (status2 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK)) {
1345 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1346 " block status mismatch!\n",
1347 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1351 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1352 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1353 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1355 ret = blk_pread(blk1, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf1,
1356 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1358 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1359 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1364 ret = blk_pread(blk2, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf2,
1365 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1367 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1368 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1369 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1373 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1374 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1375 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1377 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1385 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1386 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1388 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1389 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1393 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1394 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1400 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1401 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1404 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1405 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1406 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1407 const char *filename_over;
1409 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1410 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1411 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1413 filename_over = filename1;
1415 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1417 filename_over = filename2;
1421 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1422 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1425 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, sector_num,
1429 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1436 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1437 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1440 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1441 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1442 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1448 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1449 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1453 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1463 qemu_progress_end();
1468 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1474 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1476 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1478 int64_t *src_sectors;
1480 int64_t total_sectors;
1481 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1482 int64_t allocated_done;
1485 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1486 int64_t sector_next_status;
1487 BlockBackend *target;
1490 bool target_has_backing;
1493 size_t cluster_sectors;
1496 int running_coroutines;
1497 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1498 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1503 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1504 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1507 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1508 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1509 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1511 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1515 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1517 int64_t ret, src_cur_offset;
1520 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1522 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1523 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1525 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1526 BlockDriverState *file;
1527 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1528 sector_num - src_cur_offset,
1534 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1535 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1536 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1537 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1538 } else if (!s->target_has_backing) {
1539 /* Without a target backing file we must copy over the contents of
1540 * the backing file as well. */
1541 /* Check block status of the backing file chain to avoid
1542 * needlessly reading zeroes and limiting the iteration to the
1544 ret = bdrv_get_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1545 sector_num - src_cur_offset,
1551 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1552 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1554 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1557 s->status = BLK_BACKING_FILE;
1560 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1563 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1564 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1565 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1568 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1569 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1570 * cluster allocated. */
1571 if (s->compressed) {
1572 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1573 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1574 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1576 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1583 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1584 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1590 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1591 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1594 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1596 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1597 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1598 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1599 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1600 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1601 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1603 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1605 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1606 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1608 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1609 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1610 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1617 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1624 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1625 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1626 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1632 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1635 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1636 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1637 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1638 * visible at the respective offset. */
1639 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1643 /* We must always write compressed clusters as a whole, so don't
1644 * try to find zeroed parts in the buffer. We can only save the
1645 * write if the buffer is completely zeroed and we're allowed to
1646 * keep the target sparse. */
1647 if (s->compressed) {
1648 if (s->has_zero_init && s->min_sparse &&
1649 buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE))
1651 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1656 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1657 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1659 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1660 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov,
1661 BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED);
1668 /* If there is real non-zero data or we're told to keep the target
1669 * fully allocated (-S 0), we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1670 * it as zero sectors. */
1671 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1672 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse))
1675 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1676 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1678 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1679 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1688 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1691 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1692 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1693 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1702 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1708 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1710 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1711 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1715 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1716 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1723 s->running_coroutines++;
1724 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1729 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1731 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1732 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1733 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1736 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1738 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1742 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1743 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1745 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1746 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1748 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1749 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1751 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1753 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1754 s->allocated_done += n;
1755 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1756 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1759 if (status == BLK_DATA) {
1760 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1762 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1763 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1767 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1769 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1772 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1773 /* keep writes in order */
1774 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num) {
1775 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS) {
1778 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1779 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1781 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1784 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1786 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1787 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1792 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1793 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1794 * for this write to complete */
1795 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1796 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1797 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1799 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1800 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1801 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1803 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1812 s->co[index] = NULL;
1813 s->running_coroutines--;
1814 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1815 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1820 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1823 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1825 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1826 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1827 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1830 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1831 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1833 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1835 s->has_zero_init = true;
1839 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1840 * can be copied at a time. */
1841 if (s->compressed) {
1842 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1843 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1846 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1849 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1850 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1854 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1856 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1862 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1863 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1865 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1866 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1867 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1868 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1869 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1872 while (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1873 main_loop_wait(false);
1876 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1877 /* signal EOF to align */
1878 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1887 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1889 int c, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1891 int progress = 0, flags, src_flags;
1892 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
1893 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1894 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1895 BlockBackend **blk = NULL, *out_blk = NULL;
1896 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1897 int64_t total_sectors;
1898 int64_t *bs_sectors = NULL;
1899 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1900 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1901 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
1902 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1903 const char *out_baseimg_param;
1904 char *options = NULL;
1905 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1906 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1908 Error *local_err = NULL;
1909 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1910 ImgConvertState state;
1911 bool image_opts = false;
1912 bool wr_in_order = true;
1913 long num_coroutines = 8;
1918 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1923 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1924 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1925 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1926 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1929 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:W",
1930 long_options, NULL);
1946 out_baseimg = optarg;
1952 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1953 "encryption\' instead!");
1957 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1958 "compat6\' instead!");
1962 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1963 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1968 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1970 char *old_options = options;
1971 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1972 g_free(old_options);
1976 snapshot_name = optarg;
1979 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1980 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
1983 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1989 snapshot_name = optarg;
1996 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
1998 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
2003 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2022 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &num_coroutines) ||
2023 num_coroutines < 1 || num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2024 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2025 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2031 wr_in_order = false;
2034 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2040 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2046 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2047 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2052 if (!wr_in_order && compress) {
2053 error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
2058 /* Initialize before goto out */
2062 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2064 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
2065 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2067 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2068 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2073 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
2077 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2078 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
2085 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2087 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2091 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2093 blk = g_new0(BlockBackend *, bs_n);
2094 bs = g_new0(BlockDriverState *, bs_n);
2095 bs_sectors = g_new(int64_t, bs_n);
2098 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
2099 blk[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2100 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet);
2105 bs[bs_i] = blk_bs(blk[bs_i]);
2106 bs_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(blk[bs_i]);
2107 if (bs_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2108 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2109 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-bs_sectors[bs_i]));
2113 total_sectors += bs_sectors[bs_i];
2117 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
2118 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2119 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2121 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2123 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2128 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
2131 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2136 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2137 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2139 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2144 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2146 error_report_err(local_err);
2152 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2153 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2159 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2160 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2161 proto_drv->format_name);
2166 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2167 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2169 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2171 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2173 error_report_err(local_err);
2179 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512,
2181 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2187 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2188 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2189 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2190 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2193 /* Check if compression is supported */
2196 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2197 const char *preallocation =
2198 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2200 if (!drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2201 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2207 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2214 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2216 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2224 /* Create the new image */
2225 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2227 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2228 out_filename, out_fmt);
2233 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2234 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2236 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2240 /* XXX we should allow --image-opts to trigger use of
2241 * img_open() here, but then we have trouble with
2242 * the bdrv_create() call which takes different params.
2243 * Not critical right now, so fix can wait...
2245 out_blk = img_open_file(out_filename, out_fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
2250 out_bs = blk_bs(out_blk);
2252 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2253 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2255 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
2257 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2258 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2259 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2262 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(out_blk);
2263 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2264 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2265 strerror(-output_sectors));
2268 } else if (output_sectors < total_sectors) {
2269 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2275 cluster_sectors = 0;
2276 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2279 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2283 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2284 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2287 state = (ImgConvertState) {
2289 .src_sectors = bs_sectors,
2291 .total_sectors = total_sectors,
2293 .compressed = compress,
2294 .target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg,
2295 .min_sparse = min_sparse,
2296 .cluster_sectors = cluster_sectors,
2297 .buf_sectors = bufsectors,
2298 .wr_in_order = wr_in_order,
2299 .num_coroutines = num_coroutines,
2301 ret = convert_do_copy(&state);
2305 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2307 qemu_progress_end();
2308 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2309 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2310 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2314 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
2315 blk_unref(blk[bs_i]);
2330 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2332 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2335 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2338 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2339 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2341 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2343 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2349 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2353 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2355 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2356 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2357 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2358 assert(str != NULL);
2359 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2360 qobject_decref(obj);
2365 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2369 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2371 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2372 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2373 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2374 assert(str != NULL);
2375 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2376 qobject_decref(obj);
2381 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2383 ImageInfoList *elem;
2386 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2392 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2396 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2398 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2402 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2404 * @filename: topmost image filename
2405 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2406 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2407 * false - only topmost image file
2409 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2410 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2413 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2414 const char *filename,
2418 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2419 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2420 GHashTable *filenames;
2423 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2427 BlockDriverState *bs;
2429 ImageInfoList *elem;
2431 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2432 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2436 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2438 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2439 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false);
2445 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2447 error_report_err(err);
2452 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2459 filename = fmt = NULL;
2461 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2462 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2463 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2464 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2465 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2466 info->backing_filename);
2469 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2470 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2474 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2478 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2479 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2483 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2486 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2488 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2489 ImageInfoList *list;
2490 bool image_opts = false;
2495 int option_index = 0;
2496 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2497 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2498 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2499 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2500 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2501 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2502 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2505 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2506 long_options, &option_index);
2521 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2524 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2526 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2532 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2537 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2538 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2540 filename = argv[optind++];
2542 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2543 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2544 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2545 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2546 } else if (output) {
2547 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2551 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2552 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2557 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain);
2562 switch (output_format) {
2564 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2568 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2570 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2575 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2579 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2582 switch (output_format) {
2584 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2585 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2588 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2589 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2590 e->start, e->length,
2591 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2592 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2594 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2595 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2597 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2603 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2604 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2605 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2606 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2607 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2608 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2609 if (e->has_offset) {
2610 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2621 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2622 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2626 BlockDriverState *file;
2629 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2630 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2636 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors,
2642 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2645 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2654 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2657 .start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2658 .length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2659 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2660 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2661 .offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK,
2662 .has_offset = has_offset,
2664 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2665 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2671 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2673 if (curr->length == 0) {
2676 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2677 curr->data != next->data ||
2678 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2679 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2680 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2683 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2686 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2692 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2695 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2697 BlockDriverState *bs;
2698 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2700 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2702 bool image_opts = false;
2707 int option_index = 0;
2708 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2709 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2710 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2711 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2712 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2713 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2716 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2717 long_options, &option_index);
2732 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2734 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2740 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2745 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2746 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2748 filename = argv[optind];
2750 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2751 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2752 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2753 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2754 } else if (output) {
2755 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2759 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2760 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2765 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false);
2771 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2772 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2775 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2776 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2777 int64_t nsectors_left;
2781 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2783 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2784 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2785 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2786 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2789 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2793 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2794 curr.length += next.length;
2798 if (curr.length > 0) {
2799 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2804 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2811 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2812 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2813 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2814 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2816 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2819 BlockDriverState *bs;
2820 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2821 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2822 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2827 bool image_opts = false;
2829 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2830 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2832 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2833 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2834 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2835 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2838 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq",
2839 long_options, NULL);
2850 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2853 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2854 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2858 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2861 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2862 snapshot_name = optarg;
2866 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2869 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2870 snapshot_name = optarg;
2874 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2877 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2878 snapshot_name = optarg;
2883 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2885 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2891 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2897 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2898 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2900 filename = argv[optind++];
2902 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2903 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2908 /* Open the image */
2909 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet);
2915 /* Perform the requested action */
2921 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2922 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2923 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2925 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2926 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2927 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2929 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2931 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2932 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2936 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2937 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2939 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2940 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2944 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2945 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2947 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
2962 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2964 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
2965 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
2966 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
2967 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2969 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2970 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
2971 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
2975 Error *local_err = NULL;
2976 bool image_opts = false;
2978 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2980 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2981 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2985 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2986 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2987 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2988 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2991 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q",
2992 long_options, NULL);
3005 out_basefmt = optarg;
3008 out_baseimg = optarg;
3025 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3027 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3033 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3043 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3044 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3046 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3047 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3049 filename = argv[optind++];
3051 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3052 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3057 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3058 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3060 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3061 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3063 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3068 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3070 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3074 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3075 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3076 (void) src_writethrough;
3081 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3082 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3084 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
3091 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3092 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3093 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3099 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3101 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3102 QDict *options = NULL;
3104 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3105 options = qdict_new();
3106 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(bs->backing_format));
3109 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3110 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3111 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3112 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3113 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3114 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3120 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3122 options = qdict_new();
3123 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(out_basefmt));
3128 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
3129 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3130 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3131 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3132 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3141 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3142 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3143 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3144 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3146 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3147 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3150 int64_t num_sectors;
3151 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
3152 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
3155 float local_progress = 0;
3157 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3158 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3160 num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
3161 if (num_sectors < 0) {
3162 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3163 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
3167 old_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing);
3168 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3169 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3171 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3172 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3173 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
3177 if (blk_new_backing) {
3178 new_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing);
3179 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3180 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3181 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
3187 if (num_sectors != 0) {
3188 local_progress = (float)100 /
3189 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
3192 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
3194 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
3195 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
3196 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
3198 n = num_sectors - sector;
3201 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3202 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
3204 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3213 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3214 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3216 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
3217 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3219 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
3220 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3223 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3224 buf_old, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3226 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3231 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !blk_new_backing) {
3232 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3234 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
3235 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3238 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3239 buf_new, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3241 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3246 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3247 uint64_t written = 0;
3249 while (written < n) {
3252 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
3253 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
3255 ret = blk_pwrite(blk,
3256 (sector + written) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3257 buf_old + written * 512,
3258 pnum << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
3260 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3268 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3273 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3274 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3275 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3277 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3278 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3280 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3283 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3284 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3285 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3286 } else if (ret < 0) {
3287 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3288 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3291 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3293 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3294 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3295 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3296 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3299 qemu_progress_end();
3302 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3303 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3305 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3306 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3315 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3318 int c, ret, relative;
3319 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3320 int64_t n, total_size;
3322 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3325 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3326 .name = "resize_options",
3327 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3330 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3331 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3332 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3338 bool image_opts = false;
3340 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3341 * as options by getopt. */
3343 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3347 size = argv[--argc];
3349 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3352 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3353 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3354 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3355 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3358 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hq",
3359 long_options, NULL);
3374 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3376 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3382 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3387 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3388 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3390 filename = argv[optind++];
3392 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3393 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3398 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3414 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3415 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3417 error_report_err(err);
3419 qemu_opts_del(param);
3422 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3423 qemu_opts_del(param);
3425 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3426 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet);
3433 total_size = blk_getlength(blk) + n * relative;
3437 if (total_size <= 0) {
3438 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3443 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size);
3446 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3449 error_report("This image does not support resize");
3452 error_report("Image is read-only");
3455 error_report("Error resizing image: %s", strerror(-ret));
3466 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3467 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3470 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3473 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3477 char *options = NULL;
3478 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3479 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3480 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3483 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3484 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3485 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3486 bool image_opts = false;
3488 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3490 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3491 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3492 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3493 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3496 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ho:f:t:pq",
3497 long_options, NULL);
3508 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3509 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3511 goto out_no_progress;
3514 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3516 char *old_options = options;
3517 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3518 g_free(old_options);
3534 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3538 goto out_no_progress;
3541 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3548 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3551 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3552 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3555 goto out_no_progress;
3561 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3563 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3564 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3565 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3566 * given), print option help here */
3567 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3571 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3572 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3577 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3578 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3580 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3584 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
3591 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3593 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3594 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3595 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3599 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3600 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3606 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3607 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3608 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3610 error_report_err(err);
3615 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3616 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3617 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3618 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3620 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3625 qemu_progress_end();
3629 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3630 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3639 typedef struct BenchData {
3641 uint64_t image_size;
3648 bool drain_on_flush;
3657 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3660 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3665 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3667 BenchData *b = opaque;
3671 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3676 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3677 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3678 b->in_flush = false;
3679 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3680 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3685 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3686 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3687 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3688 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3690 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3694 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3697 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3699 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3703 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3709 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3710 int64_t offset = b->offset;
3711 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
3712 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
3713 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
3716 b->offset += b->step;
3717 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3719 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3721 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3724 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3730 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3733 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3735 bool image_opts = false;
3736 bool is_write = false;
3740 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3743 int flush_interval = 0;
3744 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3746 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3747 BenchData data = {};
3749 bool writethrough = false;
3750 struct timeval t1, t2;
3754 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3755 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3756 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3757 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3758 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3759 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3762 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:w", long_options, NULL);
3776 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3777 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3787 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3788 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3798 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3802 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
3804 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3817 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3818 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3819 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3830 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3831 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3832 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3840 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3842 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
3848 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
3851 case OPTION_PATTERN:
3855 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
3856 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
3862 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
3866 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3867 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
3870 flush_interval = res;
3873 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
3874 drain_on_flush = false;
3876 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3882 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3883 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3885 filename = argv[argc - 1];
3887 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
3888 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
3892 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
3893 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
3898 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
3904 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3905 if (image_size < 0) {
3910 data = (BenchData) {
3912 .image_size = image_size,
3914 .step = step ?: bufsize,
3919 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
3920 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
3922 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
3923 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
3924 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
3925 data.offset, data.step);
3926 if (flush_interval) {
3927 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
3930 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
3931 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
3933 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
3934 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
3935 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
3936 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
3937 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
3940 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
3943 while (data.n > 0) {
3944 main_loop_wait(false);
3946 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
3948 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
3949 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
3950 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
3953 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
3974 int bsz; /* Block size */
3982 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
3986 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
3987 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
3994 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3995 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
3998 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4003 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4004 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4007 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4009 if (dd->count < 0) {
4010 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4017 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4018 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4021 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4026 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4027 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4030 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4035 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4036 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4039 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4041 if (in->offset < 0) {
4042 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4049 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4054 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4055 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4056 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4057 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4058 Error *local_err = NULL;
4059 bool image_opts = false;
4061 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4062 const char *fmt = NULL;
4064 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4065 struct DdInfo dd = {
4070 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4082 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4083 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4084 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4085 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4086 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4087 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4090 const struct option long_options[] = {
4091 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4092 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4096 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:", long_options, NULL))) {
4108 error_report("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information.");
4114 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4120 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4122 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4124 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4126 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4133 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4134 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4138 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4139 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4144 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4148 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4153 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4154 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4158 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false);
4165 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4167 error_report("Unknown file format");
4171 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4174 error_report_err(local_err);
4178 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4179 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4184 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4185 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4186 proto_drv->format_name);
4190 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4191 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4193 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4195 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4197 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4202 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4203 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4204 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4207 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4208 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4209 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4210 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4212 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4213 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4216 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4218 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4219 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4225 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, out.filename, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4233 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4234 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4235 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4236 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4238 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4241 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4244 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4246 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4247 int in_ret, out_ret;
4249 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4250 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4252 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4255 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4262 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4265 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4266 strerror(-out_ret));
4275 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4276 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4279 g_free(in.filename);
4280 g_free(out.filename);
4291 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4292 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4293 { option, callback },
4294 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4300 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4302 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4303 const char *cmdname;
4304 Error *local_error = NULL;
4305 char *trace_file = NULL;
4307 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4308 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4309 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4310 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4315 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4318 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4319 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
4320 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4322 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4323 error_report_err(local_error);
4327 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4329 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4332 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4335 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4336 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4337 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4339 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4345 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4349 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4354 cmdname = argv[optind];
4356 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4364 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4367 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4368 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4370 /* find the command */
4371 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4372 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4373 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4378 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);