2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-version.h"
29 #include "qapi/error.h"
30 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
31 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
32 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
35 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
36 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
37 #include "qemu/option.h"
38 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
40 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
42 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
43 #include "block/block_int.h"
44 #include "block/blockjob.h"
45 #include "block/qapi.h"
46 #include "crypto/init.h"
47 #include "trace/control.h"
49 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
50 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
52 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
54 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
59 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
61 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
63 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
64 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
65 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
67 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
71 typedef enum OutputFormat {
76 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
77 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
79 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
84 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
88 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
91 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
94 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
98 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
100 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
103 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
105 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
108 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
109 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
111 const char *help_msg =
113 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
114 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
116 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
117 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
118 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
119 " specify tracing options\n"
122 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
124 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
127 "Command parameters:\n"
128 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
129 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
130 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
131 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
132 " encryption keys.\n"
133 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
134 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
135 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
136 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
137 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
138 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
139 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
140 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
141 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
142 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
143 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
144 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
145 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
146 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
148 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
149 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
151 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
153 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
154 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
155 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
156 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
157 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
158 " to open the backing file.\n"
159 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
160 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
161 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
162 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
163 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
164 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
165 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
167 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
168 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
169 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
171 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
172 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
173 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
174 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
175 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
177 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
178 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
179 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
180 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
182 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
183 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
184 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
185 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
186 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
187 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
189 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
190 " '-f' first image format\n"
191 " '-F' second image format\n"
192 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
194 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
195 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
197 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
198 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
199 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
200 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
202 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
203 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
204 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
208 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
210 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
211 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
217 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
219 .implied_opt_name = "file",
220 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
226 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
232 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
239 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
241 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
242 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
243 Error *local_err = NULL;
245 /* Find driver and parse its options */
246 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
248 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
252 if (!drv->create_opts) {
253 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
257 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
259 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
261 error_report_err(local_err);
262 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
265 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
266 error_report("Protocal driver '%s' does not support image creation",
267 proto_drv->format_name);
270 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
273 printf("Supported options:\n");
274 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
275 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
280 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
281 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
282 bool quiet, bool force_share)
285 Error *local_err = NULL;
287 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
289 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
290 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
291 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
292 qobject_unref(options);
295 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
297 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
299 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
302 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
307 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
309 const char *fmt, int flags,
310 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
314 Error *local_err = NULL;
317 options = qdict_new();
320 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
324 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
326 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
328 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
331 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
337 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
338 const char *name, const char *value,
341 QDict *options = opaque;
343 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
344 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
350 static BlockBackend *img_open_new_file(const char *filename,
351 QemuOpts *create_opts,
352 const char *fmt, int flags,
353 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
356 QDict *options = NULL;
358 options = qdict_new();
359 qemu_opt_foreach(create_opts, img_add_key_secrets, options, &error_abort);
361 return img_open_file(filename, options, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
366 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
367 const char *filename,
368 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
369 bool quiet, bool force_share)
375 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
378 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
383 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
386 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
393 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
394 const char *base_filename,
395 const char *base_fmt)
400 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
402 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
409 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
411 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
420 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
425 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
429 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
435 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
438 uint64_t img_size = -1;
439 const char *fmt = "raw";
440 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
441 const char *filename;
442 const char *base_filename = NULL;
443 char *options = NULL;
444 Error *local_err = NULL;
449 static const struct option long_options[] = {
450 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
451 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
454 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
461 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
464 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
473 base_filename = optarg;
479 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
480 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
484 options = g_strdup(optarg);
486 char *old_options = options;
487 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
495 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
497 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
499 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
508 /* Get the filename */
509 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
510 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
512 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
515 if (optind >= argc) {
516 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
520 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
521 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
526 /* Get image size, if specified */
530 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
532 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
533 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
535 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
536 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
537 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
538 "petabytes and exabytes.");
542 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
544 if (optind != argc) {
545 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
548 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
549 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
551 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
563 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
567 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
569 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
570 visit_complete(v, &obj);
571 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
573 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
579 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
581 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
582 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
584 if (check->corruptions) {
585 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
586 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
593 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
594 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
598 if (check->check_errors) {
601 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
602 check->check_errors);
606 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
607 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
608 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
609 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
610 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
611 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
612 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
613 check->allocated_clusters);
616 if (check->image_end_offset) {
618 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
622 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
624 const char *filename,
629 BdrvCheckResult result;
631 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
636 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
637 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
638 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
639 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
640 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
641 check->leaks = result.leaks;
642 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
643 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
644 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
645 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
646 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
647 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
648 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
649 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
650 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
651 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
652 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
653 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
654 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
655 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
656 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
662 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
664 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
665 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
666 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
667 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
668 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
670 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
673 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
674 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
676 BlockDriverState *bs;
678 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
682 bool image_opts = false;
683 bool force_share = false;
687 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
690 int option_index = 0;
691 static const struct option long_options[] = {
692 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
693 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
694 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
695 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
696 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
697 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
698 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
701 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
702 long_options, &option_index);
708 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
711 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
720 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
722 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
723 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
724 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
725 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
727 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
728 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
743 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
745 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
751 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
756 if (optind != argc - 1) {
757 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
759 filename = argv[optind++];
761 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
762 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
763 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
764 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
766 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
770 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
771 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
776 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
778 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
782 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
789 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
790 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
792 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
793 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
798 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
799 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
801 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
802 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
804 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
806 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
807 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
808 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
809 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
811 check->corruptions_fixed);
814 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
816 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
817 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
821 switch (output_format) {
823 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
826 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
831 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
833 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
835 error_report("Check failed");
841 if (check->corruptions) {
843 } else if (check->leaks) {
850 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
855 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
856 BlockDriverState *bs;
858 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
860 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
862 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
865 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
869 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
871 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
874 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
877 float progress = 0.0f;
878 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
879 if (job->job.progress_total) {
880 progress = (float)job->job.progress_current /
881 job->job.progress_total * 100.f;
883 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
884 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
886 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
887 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
891 job_unref(&job->job);
892 aio_context_release(aio_context);
894 /* publish completion progress only when success */
896 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
900 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
903 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
905 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
907 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
909 Error *local_err = NULL;
910 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
911 bool image_opts = false;
912 AioContext *aio_context;
915 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
918 static const struct option long_options[] = {
919 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
920 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
921 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
924 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
931 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
934 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
959 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
961 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
967 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
973 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
978 if (optind != argc - 1) {
979 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
981 filename = argv[optind++];
983 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
984 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
989 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
990 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
992 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
996 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1003 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1004 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1007 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1009 error_setg(&local_err,
1010 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1015 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1016 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1017 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1018 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1020 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1025 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1030 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1031 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1032 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1033 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1034 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1035 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1040 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1041 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1042 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1043 * counter here preemptively. */
1048 job = block_job_get("commit");
1049 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1054 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1055 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1057 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1069 qemu_progress_end();
1074 error_report_err(local_err);
1078 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1083 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1084 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1085 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1088 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1091 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1093 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1094 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1098 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1105 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1108 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1109 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1111 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
1120 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1121 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1123 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1132 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1133 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1134 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1136 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1140 int num_checked, num_used;
1146 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1152 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1154 num_checked = num_used;
1157 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1159 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1161 num_checked += *pnum;
1163 num_used = num_checked;
1164 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1174 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1175 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1177 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1178 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1180 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1181 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1184 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1188 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1190 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1192 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1202 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1205 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1207 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1208 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1209 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1212 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1213 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1214 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1215 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1216 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1217 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1219 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1220 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1221 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1226 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1228 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1229 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1232 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1234 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1243 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1245 * 0 - Images are identical
1247 * >1 - Error occurred
1249 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1251 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1252 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1253 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1254 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1255 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1256 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1257 int allocated1, allocated2;
1258 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1259 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1266 uint64_t progress_base;
1267 bool image_opts = false;
1268 bool force_share = false;
1270 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1272 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1273 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1274 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1275 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1276 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1279 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1280 long_options, NULL);
1286 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1289 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1315 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1317 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1324 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1330 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1336 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1337 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1339 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1340 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1342 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1343 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1349 /* Initialize before goto out */
1350 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1353 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1355 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1360 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1367 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1376 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1377 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1378 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1379 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1380 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1381 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1385 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1386 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1387 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1388 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1392 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1393 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1395 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1397 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1399 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1403 while (offset < total_size) {
1404 int status1, status2;
1406 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1407 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1411 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1414 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1416 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1417 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1421 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1424 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1426 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1427 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1430 if (status1 != status2) {
1432 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1433 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1437 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1439 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1443 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1444 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1446 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1448 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1452 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1454 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1456 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1460 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1461 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1462 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1463 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1469 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1471 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1472 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1474 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1475 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1482 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1485 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1486 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1487 const char *filename_over;
1489 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1490 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1492 filename_over = filename1;
1495 filename_over = filename2;
1498 while (offset < progress_base) {
1499 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1500 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1504 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1509 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1510 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1511 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1512 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1518 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1522 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1532 qemu_progress_end();
1537 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1543 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1545 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1547 int64_t *src_sectors;
1549 int64_t total_sectors;
1550 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1551 int64_t allocated_done;
1554 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1555 int64_t sector_next_status;
1556 BlockBackend *target;
1559 bool target_has_backing;
1563 size_t cluster_sectors;
1565 long num_coroutines;
1566 int running_coroutines;
1567 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1568 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1573 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1574 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1577 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1578 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1579 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1581 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1585 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1587 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1588 int ret, n, src_cur;
1590 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1592 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1593 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1595 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1596 int64_t count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1598 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1600 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1601 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1603 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1605 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1606 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1608 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1613 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1615 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1616 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1617 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1618 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1620 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1623 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1626 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1627 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1628 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1631 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1632 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1633 * cluster allocated. */
1634 if (s->compressed) {
1635 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1636 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1637 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1639 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1646 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1647 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1653 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1654 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1657 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1659 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1660 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1661 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1662 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1663 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1664 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1666 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1668 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1669 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1671 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1672 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1673 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1680 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1687 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1688 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1689 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1695 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1697 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1700 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1701 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1702 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1703 * visible at the respective offset. */
1704 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1708 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1709 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1710 * it as zero sectors.
1711 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1712 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1714 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1716 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse)) ||
1718 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1721 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1722 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1724 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1725 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
1734 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1735 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1738 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1739 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1740 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1749 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1755 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1760 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1763 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1766 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1767 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1768 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1769 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1771 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1773 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1774 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1775 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1786 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1788 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1789 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1793 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1794 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1801 s->running_coroutines++;
1802 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1807 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1810 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1811 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1812 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1815 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1817 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1821 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1822 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1824 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1825 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1827 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1828 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1830 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1832 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1833 s->allocated_done += n;
1834 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1835 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1839 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
1840 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
1841 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1843 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1844 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1847 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1849 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1852 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1853 /* keep writes in order */
1854 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1855 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1856 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1858 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1861 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1863 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
1865 s->copy_range = false;
1869 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1872 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1873 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1878 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1879 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1880 * for this write to complete */
1881 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1882 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1883 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1885 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1886 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1887 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1889 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1897 s->co[index] = NULL;
1898 s->running_coroutines--;
1899 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1900 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1905 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1908 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1910 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1911 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1912 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1915 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1916 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1918 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1920 s->has_zero_init = true;
1924 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1925 * can be copied at a time. */
1926 if (s->compressed) {
1927 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1928 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1931 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1934 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1935 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1939 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1941 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1947 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1948 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1950 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1951 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1952 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1953 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1954 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1957 while (s->running_coroutines) {
1958 main_loop_wait(false);
1961 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1962 /* signal EOF to align */
1963 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1972 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1974 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
1975 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
1976 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
1977 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1978 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
1979 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1980 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
1981 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
1982 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1983 char *options = NULL;
1984 Error *local_err = NULL;
1985 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
1986 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
1987 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
1988 bool force_share = false;
1990 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
1991 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1994 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1995 .wr_in_order = true,
1996 .num_coroutines = 8,
2000 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2001 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2002 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2003 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2004 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2005 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2008 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:co:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
2009 long_options, NULL);
2015 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2018 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2030 out_baseimg = optarg;
2033 s.compressed = true;
2034 s.copy_range = false;
2037 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2038 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2042 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2044 char *old_options = options;
2045 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2046 g_free(old_options);
2050 snapshot_name = optarg;
2053 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2054 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2057 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2062 snapshot_name = optarg;
2069 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2071 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
2075 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2076 s.copy_range = false;
2095 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2096 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2097 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2098 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2103 s.wr_in_order = false;
2108 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2109 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2110 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2117 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2120 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2121 tgt_image_opts = true;
2126 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2130 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2131 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2136 if (!s.wr_in_order && s.compressed) {
2137 error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
2141 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2142 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2146 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2147 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2149 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2151 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2154 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2159 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2160 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2165 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2166 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2168 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2172 /* Initialize before goto out */
2176 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2177 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2179 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2180 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2182 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2183 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2184 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
2190 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2191 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2192 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2193 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2197 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2201 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2202 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2203 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2205 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2206 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2207 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2212 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2216 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2222 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2223 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2225 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2230 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2232 error_report_err(local_err);
2237 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2238 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2244 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2245 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2246 proto_drv->format_name);
2251 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2252 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2254 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2256 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2258 error_report_err(local_err);
2264 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2266 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2272 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2273 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2274 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2275 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2277 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2279 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2280 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2281 "concatenating multiple input images");
2286 /* Check if compression is supported */
2289 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2290 const char *encryptfmt =
2291 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2292 const char *preallocation =
2293 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2295 if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2296 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2301 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2302 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2309 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2311 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2319 /* Create the new image */
2320 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2322 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2323 out_filename, out_fmt);
2328 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2329 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2331 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2336 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2337 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2339 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2340 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2341 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2342 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2344 s.target = img_open_new_file(out_filename, opts, out_fmt,
2345 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2351 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2353 if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2354 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2359 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2360 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2362 s.buf_sectors = MIN(32768,
2364 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2365 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2366 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2369 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2370 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2371 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2372 strerror(-output_sectors));
2375 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2376 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2382 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2385 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2389 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2390 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2393 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2396 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2398 qemu_progress_end();
2399 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2400 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2401 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2402 blk_unref(s.target);
2404 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2405 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2409 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2417 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2419 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2422 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2425 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2426 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2428 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2430 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2436 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2440 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2442 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2443 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2444 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2445 assert(str != NULL);
2446 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2452 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2456 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2458 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2459 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2460 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2461 assert(str != NULL);
2462 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2468 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2470 ImageInfoList *elem;
2473 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2479 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2483 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2485 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2489 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2491 * @filename: topmost image filename
2492 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2493 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2494 * false - only topmost image file
2496 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2497 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2500 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2501 const char *filename,
2503 bool chain, bool force_share)
2505 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2506 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2507 GHashTable *filenames;
2510 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2514 BlockDriverState *bs;
2516 ImageInfoList *elem;
2518 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2519 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2523 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2525 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2526 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2533 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2535 error_report_err(err);
2540 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2547 filename = fmt = NULL;
2549 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2550 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2551 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2552 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2553 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2554 info->backing_filename);
2557 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2558 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2562 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2566 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2567 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2571 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2574 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2576 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2577 ImageInfoList *list;
2578 bool image_opts = false;
2579 bool force_share = false;
2584 int option_index = 0;
2585 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2586 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2587 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2588 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2589 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2590 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2591 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2592 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2595 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2596 long_options, &option_index);
2602 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2605 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2619 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2622 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2624 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2630 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2635 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2636 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2638 filename = argv[optind++];
2640 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2641 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2642 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2643 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2644 } else if (output) {
2645 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2649 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2650 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2655 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2661 switch (output_format) {
2663 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2667 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2669 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2674 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2678 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2681 switch (output_format) {
2683 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2684 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2687 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2688 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2689 e->start, e->length,
2690 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2691 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2693 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2694 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2696 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2702 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2703 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2704 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2705 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2706 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2707 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2708 if (e->has_offset) {
2709 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2720 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2721 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
2725 BlockDriverState *file;
2729 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2730 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2736 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
2741 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2744 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2753 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2758 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2759 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2761 .has_offset = has_offset,
2763 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2764 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2770 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2772 if (curr->length == 0) {
2775 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2776 curr->data != next->data ||
2777 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2778 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2779 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2782 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2785 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2791 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2794 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2796 BlockDriverState *bs;
2797 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2799 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2801 bool image_opts = false;
2802 bool force_share = false;
2807 int option_index = 0;
2808 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2809 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2810 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2811 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2812 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2813 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2814 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2817 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2818 long_options, &option_index);
2824 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2827 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2841 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2843 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2849 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2854 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2855 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2857 filename = argv[optind];
2859 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2860 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2861 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2862 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2863 } else if (output) {
2864 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2868 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2869 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2874 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
2880 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2881 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2884 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2885 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2886 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
2889 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2890 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(MIN(1 << 30, length - offset), BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2891 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
2894 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2898 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2899 curr.length += next.length;
2903 if (curr.length > 0) {
2904 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2909 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2916 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2917 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2918 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2919 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2921 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2924 BlockDriverState *bs;
2925 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2926 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2927 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2932 bool image_opts = false;
2933 bool force_share = false;
2935 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2936 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2938 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2939 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2940 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2941 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2942 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2945 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
2946 long_options, NULL);
2952 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2955 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2962 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2965 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2966 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2970 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2973 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2974 snapshot_name = optarg;
2978 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2981 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2982 snapshot_name = optarg;
2986 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2989 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2990 snapshot_name = optarg;
2998 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3000 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3006 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3012 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3013 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3015 filename = argv[optind++];
3017 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3018 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3023 /* Open the image */
3024 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3031 /* Perform the requested action */
3037 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3038 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3039 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3041 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3042 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3043 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3045 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3047 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3048 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3052 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3053 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3055 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3060 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3061 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3063 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3078 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3080 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3081 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3082 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3083 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3085 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3086 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3087 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3089 bool force_share = false;
3092 Error *local_err = NULL;
3093 bool image_opts = false;
3095 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3097 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3098 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3102 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3103 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3104 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3105 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3106 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3109 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3110 long_options, NULL);
3116 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3119 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3128 out_basefmt = optarg;
3131 out_baseimg = optarg;
3148 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3150 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3156 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3169 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3170 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3172 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3173 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3175 filename = argv[optind++];
3177 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3178 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3183 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3184 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3186 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3187 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3189 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3194 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3196 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3200 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3201 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3202 (void) src_writethrough;
3207 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3208 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3210 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3218 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3219 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3220 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3226 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3228 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3229 QDict *options = NULL;
3231 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3232 options = qdict_new();
3233 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
3238 options = qdict_new();
3240 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3242 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3243 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3244 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3245 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3246 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3247 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3253 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3254 const char *overlay_filename;
3255 char *out_real_path;
3257 options = qdict_new();
3259 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3262 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3265 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3267 out_real_path = g_malloc(PATH_MAX);
3269 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3275 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3276 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3278 g_free(out_real_path);
3282 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3283 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3284 g_free(out_real_path);
3285 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3286 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3287 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3296 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3297 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3298 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3299 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3301 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3302 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3306 int64_t old_backing_size;
3307 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3310 float local_progress = 0;
3312 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3313 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3315 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3317 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3318 filename, strerror(-size));
3322 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3323 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3324 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3326 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3327 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3328 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3332 if (blk_new_backing) {
3333 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3334 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3335 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3336 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3343 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3346 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3347 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3348 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3350 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3351 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3353 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3362 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3363 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3365 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3366 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3368 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3369 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3372 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3374 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3379 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3380 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3382 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3383 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3386 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3388 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3393 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3394 uint64_t written = 0;
3396 while (written < n) {
3399 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3400 n - written, &pnum))
3402 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3403 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3405 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3413 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3418 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3419 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3420 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3422 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3423 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3425 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3428 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3429 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3430 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3431 } else if (ret < 0) {
3432 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3433 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3436 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3438 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3439 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3440 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3441 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3444 qemu_progress_end();
3447 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3448 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3450 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3451 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3460 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3463 int c, ret, relative;
3464 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3465 int64_t n, total_size, current_size, new_size;
3467 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3468 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3471 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3472 .name = "resize_options",
3473 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3476 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3477 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3478 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3484 bool image_opts = false;
3485 bool shrink = false;
3487 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3488 * as options by getopt. */
3490 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3494 size = argv[--argc];
3496 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3499 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3500 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3501 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3502 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3503 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3504 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3507 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3508 long_options, NULL);
3514 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3517 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3528 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3530 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3536 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3539 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3540 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3541 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3542 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3543 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3552 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3553 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3555 filename = argv[optind++];
3557 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3558 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3563 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3579 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3580 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3582 error_report_err(err);
3584 qemu_opts_del(param);
3587 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3588 qemu_opts_del(param);
3590 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3591 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3598 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3599 if (current_size < 0) {
3600 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3601 strerror(-current_size));
3607 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3611 if (total_size <= 0) {
3612 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3617 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3618 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
3623 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
3624 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
3625 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
3626 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
3628 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
3630 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
3634 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
3635 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
3636 "shrink images without this option.");
3640 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, prealloc, &err);
3642 error_report_err(err);
3646 new_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3648 error_report("Failed to verify truncated image length: %s",
3649 strerror(-new_size));
3654 /* Some block drivers implement a truncation method, but only so
3655 * the user can cause qemu to refresh the image's size from disk.
3656 * The idea is that the user resizes the image outside of qemu and
3657 * then invokes block_resize to inform qemu about it.
3658 * (This includes iscsi and file-posix for device files.)
3659 * Of course, that is not the behavior someone invoking
3660 * qemu-img resize would find useful, so we catch that behavior
3661 * here and tell the user. */
3662 if (new_size != total_size && new_size == current_size) {
3663 error_report("Image was not resized; resizing may not be supported "
3669 if (new_size != total_size) {
3670 warn_report("Image should have been resized to %" PRIi64
3671 " bytes, but was resized to %" PRIi64 " bytes",
3672 total_size, new_size);
3675 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3685 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3686 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3689 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3692 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
3696 /* Find driver and parse its options */
3697 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
3699 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
3703 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
3704 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
3709 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
3710 assert(drv->create_opts);
3712 printf("Creation options for '%s':\n", format);
3713 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->create_opts);
3714 printf("\nNote that not all of these options may be amendable.\n");
3718 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3722 char *options = NULL;
3723 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3724 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3725 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3728 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3729 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3730 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3731 bool image_opts = false;
3733 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3735 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3736 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3737 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3738 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3741 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3742 long_options, NULL);
3749 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3752 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3758 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3759 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3761 goto out_no_progress;
3764 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3766 char *old_options = options;
3767 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3768 g_free(old_options);
3784 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3788 goto out_no_progress;
3791 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3798 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3801 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3802 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3805 goto out_no_progress;
3811 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3813 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3814 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3815 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3816 * given), print option help here */
3817 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
3821 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3822 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3827 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3828 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3830 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3834 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3842 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3844 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3845 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3846 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
3850 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
3851 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
3857 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
3858 assert(bs->drv->create_opts);
3860 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3861 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3862 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3864 error_report_err(err);
3869 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3870 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3871 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, &err);
3872 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3874 error_report_err(err);
3879 qemu_progress_end();
3883 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3884 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3893 typedef struct BenchData {
3895 uint64_t image_size;
3902 bool drain_on_flush;
3911 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3914 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3919 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3921 BenchData *b = opaque;
3925 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3930 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3931 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3932 b->in_flush = false;
3933 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3934 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3939 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3940 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3941 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3942 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3944 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3948 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3951 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3953 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3957 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3963 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3964 int64_t offset = b->offset;
3965 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
3966 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
3967 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
3970 b->offset += b->step;
3971 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3973 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3975 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3978 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3984 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3987 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3989 bool image_opts = false;
3990 bool is_write = false;
3994 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3997 int flush_interval = 0;
3998 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4000 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4001 BenchData data = {};
4003 bool writethrough = false;
4004 struct timeval t1, t2;
4006 bool force_share = false;
4010 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4011 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4012 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4013 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4014 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4015 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4016 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4019 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
4026 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4029 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4038 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4039 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4049 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4050 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4060 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4064 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
4066 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
4079 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4080 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4081 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
4092 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4093 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4094 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
4102 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4104 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4110 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4116 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4120 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4121 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4127 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4131 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4132 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4135 flush_interval = res;
4138 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4139 drain_on_flush = false;
4141 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4147 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4148 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4150 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4152 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4153 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4157 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4158 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4163 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4170 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4171 if (image_size < 0) {
4176 data = (BenchData) {
4178 .image_size = image_size,
4180 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4185 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4186 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4188 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4189 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4190 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4191 data.offset, data.step);
4192 if (flush_interval) {
4193 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4196 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4197 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4198 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4200 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4202 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4203 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4204 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4205 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4206 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4209 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4212 while (data.n > 0) {
4213 main_loop_wait(false);
4215 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4217 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4218 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4219 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4223 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4225 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4246 int bsz; /* Block size */
4254 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4258 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4259 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4266 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4267 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4270 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4275 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4276 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4279 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4281 if (dd->count < 0) {
4282 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4289 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4290 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4293 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4298 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4299 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4302 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4307 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4308 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4311 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4313 if (in->offset < 0) {
4314 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4321 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4326 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4327 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4328 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4329 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4330 Error *local_err = NULL;
4331 bool image_opts = false;
4333 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4334 const char *fmt = NULL;
4336 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4337 bool force_share = false;
4338 struct DdInfo dd = {
4343 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4355 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4356 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4357 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4358 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4359 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4360 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4363 const struct option long_options[] = {
4364 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4365 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4366 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4367 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4371 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4383 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4386 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4395 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4400 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4406 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4408 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4410 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4412 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4419 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4420 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4424 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4425 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4430 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4434 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4439 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4440 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4445 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4446 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4452 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4460 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4462 error_report("Unknown file format");
4466 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4469 error_report_err(local_err);
4473 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4474 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4479 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4480 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4481 proto_drv->format_name);
4485 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4486 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4488 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4490 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4492 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4497 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4498 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4499 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4502 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4503 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4504 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4505 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4507 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4508 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4511 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4513 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4514 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4520 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4521 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4522 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4523 * support image-opts style.
4525 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4526 false, false, false);
4533 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4534 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4535 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4536 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4538 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4541 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4544 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4546 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4547 int in_ret, out_ret;
4549 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4550 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4552 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4555 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4562 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4565 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4566 strerror(-out_ret));
4575 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4576 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4579 g_free(in.filename);
4580 g_free(out.filename);
4590 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
4594 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
4596 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
4597 visit_complete(v, &obj);
4598 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
4599 assert(str != NULL);
4600 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
4606 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
4608 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4609 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4610 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4611 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4612 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
4613 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
4614 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4617 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4618 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
4620 const char *filename = NULL;
4621 const char *fmt = NULL;
4622 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4623 char *options = NULL;
4624 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
4625 bool force_share = false;
4626 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4627 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
4628 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
4629 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4630 bool image_opts = false;
4631 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
4632 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
4633 Error *local_err = NULL;
4637 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
4638 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4651 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
4652 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
4656 options = g_strdup(optarg);
4658 char *old_options = options;
4659 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
4660 g_free(old_options);
4664 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
4665 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
4668 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
4673 snapshot_name = optarg;
4680 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4686 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4690 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
4691 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
4692 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
4693 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4695 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
4704 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4706 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
4707 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
4709 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
4710 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
4711 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
4712 "petabytes and exabytes.");
4716 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
4722 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4723 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4728 if (argc - optind > 1) {
4729 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
4731 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
4732 filename = argv[optind];
4736 (object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
4737 error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
4738 "require a filename argument.");
4741 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4742 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
4745 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
4746 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
4751 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
4752 false, false, force_share);
4758 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
4759 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
4760 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
4762 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
4763 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
4764 snapshot_name, &local_err);
4767 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
4772 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4774 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4777 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4778 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4783 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4784 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
4785 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4787 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
4789 error_report_err(local_err);
4790 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4794 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4795 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
4798 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
4800 error_report_err(local_err);
4804 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
4805 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
4806 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
4808 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
4814 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
4815 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
4816 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4817 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
4818 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4824 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4825 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4826 { option, callback },
4827 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4832 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4834 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4835 const char *cmdname;
4836 Error *local_error = NULL;
4837 char *trace_file = NULL;
4839 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4840 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4841 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4842 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4847 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4850 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4851 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
4852 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4854 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4855 error_report_err(local_error);
4859 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4861 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4864 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4867 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4868 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4869 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4871 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4874 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4877 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4883 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4887 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4892 cmdname = argv[optind];
4894 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4902 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4905 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4906 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4908 /* find the command */
4909 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4910 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4911 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4916 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);