2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
33 #include "block/block_int.h"
34 #include "block/blockjob.h"
35 #include "block/qapi.h"
38 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
39 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
41 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
43 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
48 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
51 typedef enum OutputFormat {
56 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
57 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
58 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
60 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
65 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
69 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
72 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
75 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
79 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
80 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
82 const char *help_msg =
84 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
85 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
88 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
90 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
94 "Command parameters:\n"
95 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
96 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
97 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
98 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
99 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
100 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
101 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
102 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
103 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
104 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
105 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
106 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
107 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
108 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
109 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
111 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
112 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
114 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
116 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
117 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
118 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
119 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
120 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
121 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
122 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
123 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
124 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
125 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
126 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
128 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
129 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
130 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
132 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
133 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
134 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
135 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
136 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
138 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
139 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
140 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
141 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
142 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
143 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
145 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
146 " '-f' first image format\n"
147 " '-F' second image format\n"
148 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
150 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
151 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
156 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
162 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
169 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
170 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
174 printf("Password: ");
182 } else if (c == '\n') {
184 } else if (i < (buf_size - 1)) {
196 static struct termios oldtty;
198 static void term_exit(void)
200 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
203 static void term_init(void)
210 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
211 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
212 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
213 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
214 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
219 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
224 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
229 printf("password: ");
234 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
236 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
241 } else if (ret == 0) {
249 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
260 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
262 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
263 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
264 Error *local_err = NULL;
266 /* Find driver and parse its options */
267 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
269 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
273 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
275 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
277 qerror_report_err(local_err);
278 error_free(local_err);
279 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
282 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
285 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
286 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
290 static BlockBackend *img_open(const char *id, const char *filename,
291 const char *fmt, int flags,
292 bool require_io, bool quiet)
295 BlockDriverState *bs;
297 Error *local_err = NULL;
298 QDict *options = NULL;
301 options = qdict_new();
302 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt));
305 blk = blk_new_open(id, filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
307 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename,
308 error_get_pretty(local_err));
309 error_free(local_err);
314 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
315 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
316 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
317 error_report("No password given");
320 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
321 error_report("invalid password");
331 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
332 const char *base_filename,
333 const char *base_fmt)
336 if (qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
337 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
343 if (qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
344 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
352 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
355 uint64_t img_size = -1;
356 const char *fmt = "raw";
357 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
358 const char *filename;
359 const char *base_filename = NULL;
360 char *options = NULL;
361 Error *local_err = NULL;
365 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
378 base_filename = optarg;
384 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
385 "encryption\' instead!");
388 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
389 "compat6\' instead!");
392 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
393 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
397 options = g_strdup(optarg);
399 char *old_options = options;
400 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
410 /* Get the filename */
411 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
412 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
414 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
417 if (optind >= argc) {
418 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
422 /* Get image size, if specified */
426 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
427 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
428 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
429 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
431 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
432 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
433 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
434 "petabytes and exabytes.");
438 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
440 if (optind != argc) {
441 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
444 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
445 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS, &local_err, quiet);
447 error_report("%s: %s", filename, error_get_pretty(local_err));
448 error_free(local_err);
460 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
462 Error *local_err = NULL;
464 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
466 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
467 &check, NULL, &local_err);
468 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
469 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
471 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
473 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
477 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
479 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
480 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
482 if (check->corruptions) {
483 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
484 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
491 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
492 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
496 if (check->check_errors) {
499 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
500 check->check_errors);
504 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
505 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
506 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
507 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
508 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
509 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
510 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
511 check->allocated_clusters);
514 if (check->image_end_offset) {
516 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
520 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
522 const char *filename,
527 BdrvCheckResult result;
529 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
534 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
535 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
536 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
537 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
538 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
539 check->leaks = result.leaks;
540 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
541 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
542 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
543 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
544 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
545 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
546 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
547 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
548 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
549 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
550 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
551 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
552 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
553 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
554 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
560 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
562 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
563 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
564 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
565 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
566 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
568 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
571 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
572 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
574 BlockDriverState *bs;
576 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
582 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
584 int option_index = 0;
585 static const struct option long_options[] = {
586 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
587 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
588 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
589 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
592 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:r:T:q",
593 long_options, &option_index);
606 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
608 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
609 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
610 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
611 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
613 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
614 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
628 if (optind != argc - 1) {
629 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
631 filename = argv[optind++];
633 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
634 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
635 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
636 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
638 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
642 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
644 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
648 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
654 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
655 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
657 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
658 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
663 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
664 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
666 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
667 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
669 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
671 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
672 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
673 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
674 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
676 check->corruptions_fixed);
679 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
681 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
682 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
686 switch (output_format) {
688 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
691 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
696 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
698 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
700 error_report("Check failed");
706 if (check->corruptions) {
708 } else if (check->leaks) {
715 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
720 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
721 BlockDriverState *bs;
723 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
725 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
727 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
730 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
733 /* Drop this block job's reference */
737 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
739 AioContext *aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(job->bs);
742 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
743 qemu_progress_print((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f, 0);
744 } while (!job->ready);
746 block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
748 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
749 * so just signal completion here */
750 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
753 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
756 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
758 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
759 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
760 Error *local_err = NULL;
761 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
764 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
767 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:b:dpq");
799 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
804 if (optind != argc - 1) {
805 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
807 filename = argv[optind++];
809 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
810 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
812 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
816 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
822 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
823 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
826 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
828 error_set(&local_err, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base);
832 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
833 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
834 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
835 base_bs = bs->backing_hd;
837 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
842 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
847 commit_active_start(bs, base_bs, 0, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT,
848 common_block_job_cb, &cbi, &local_err);
853 /* The block job will swap base_bs and bs (which is not what we really want
854 * here, but okay) and unref base_bs (after the swap, i.e., the old top
855 * image). In order to still be able to empty that top image afterwards,
856 * increment the reference counter here preemptively. */
861 run_block_job(bs->job, &local_err);
866 if (!drop && base_bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
867 ret = base_bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(base_bs);
869 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
886 qerror_report_err(local_err);
887 error_free(local_err);
891 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
896 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
899 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
900 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
902 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
911 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
912 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
914 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
923 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
924 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
925 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
927 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
931 int num_checked, num_used;
937 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
943 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
945 num_checked = num_used;
948 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
950 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
952 num_checked += *pnum;
954 num_used = num_checked;
955 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
965 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
966 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
968 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
969 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
971 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
981 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
982 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
986 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
995 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
997 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
999 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1002 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
1004 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1008 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1010 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
1011 * data and negative value on error.
1013 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1014 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
1015 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
1016 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1017 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1018 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1020 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t sect_num,
1021 int sect_count, const char *filename,
1022 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1025 ret = blk_read(blk, sect_num, buffer, sect_count);
1027 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1028 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
1031 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
1032 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
1033 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1034 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
1042 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1044 * 0 - Images are identical
1046 * >1 - Error occurred
1048 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1050 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1051 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1052 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1053 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
1054 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1056 int allocated1, allocated2;
1057 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1058 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1060 int64_t total_sectors;
1061 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1064 uint64_t progress_base;
1066 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1068 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hf:F:T:pqs");
1098 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1104 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1105 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1107 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1108 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1110 /* Initialize before goto out */
1111 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1113 flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS;
1114 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1116 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1121 blk1 = img_open("image_1", filename1, fmt1, flags, true, quiet);
1128 blk2 = img_open("image_2", filename2, fmt2, flags, true, quiet);
1135 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1136 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1137 total_sectors1 = blk_nb_sectors(blk1);
1138 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1139 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1140 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1144 total_sectors2 = blk_nb_sectors(blk2);
1145 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1146 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1147 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1151 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1152 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1154 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1156 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1158 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1163 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1164 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1167 allocated1 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1169 if (allocated1 < 0) {
1171 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1175 allocated2 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1177 if (allocated2 < 0) {
1179 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1182 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1184 if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1186 ret = blk_read(blk1, sector_num, buf1, nb_sectors);
1188 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1189 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1194 ret = blk_read(blk2, sector_num, buf2, nb_sectors);
1196 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1197 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1198 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1202 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1203 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1204 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1206 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1214 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1215 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1216 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1221 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1222 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1224 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1225 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1229 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1230 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1236 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1237 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1240 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1241 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1242 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1243 const char *filename_over;
1245 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1246 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1247 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1249 filename_over = filename1;
1251 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1253 filename_over = filename2;
1257 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1258 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1261 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, sector_num,
1265 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1272 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1273 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1276 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1277 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1278 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1284 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1285 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1289 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1299 qemu_progress_end();
1303 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1305 int c, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1307 int progress = 0, flags, src_flags;
1308 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1309 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1310 BlockBackend **blk = NULL, *out_blk = NULL;
1311 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1312 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
1313 int64_t *bs_sectors = NULL;
1314 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
1315 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1316 const uint8_t *buf1;
1317 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1318 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
1319 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1320 const char *out_baseimg_param;
1321 char *options = NULL;
1322 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1323 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1325 Error *local_err = NULL;
1326 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1331 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1336 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn");
1352 out_baseimg = optarg;
1358 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1359 "encryption\' instead!");
1363 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1364 "compat6\' instead!");
1368 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1369 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1374 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1376 char *old_options = options;
1377 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1378 g_free(old_options);
1382 snapshot_name = optarg;
1385 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1386 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
1388 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1394 snapshot_name = optarg;
1401 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1402 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1403 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1408 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1429 /* Initialize before goto out */
1433 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1436 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1437 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1439 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1440 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1445 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1449 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1450 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1456 src_flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS;
1457 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache, &src_flags);
1459 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
1463 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1465 blk = g_new0(BlockBackend *, bs_n);
1466 bs = g_new0(BlockDriverState *, bs_n);
1467 bs_sectors = g_new(int64_t, bs_n);
1470 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1471 char *id = bs_n > 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source_%d", bs_i)
1472 : g_strdup("source");
1473 blk[bs_i] = img_open(id, argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, src_flags,
1480 bs[bs_i] = blk_bs(blk[bs_i]);
1481 bs_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(blk[bs_i]);
1482 if (bs_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
1483 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
1484 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-bs_sectors[bs_i]));
1488 total_sectors += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1492 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1493 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1494 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1496 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1498 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1503 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1506 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1507 error_get_pretty(local_err));
1508 error_free(local_err);
1513 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1514 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1516 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1521 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
1523 qerror_report_err(local_err);
1524 error_free(local_err);
1530 if (!drv->create_opts) {
1531 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1537 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
1538 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1539 proto_drv->format_name);
1544 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
1545 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
1547 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
1548 if (options && qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL)) {
1549 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1554 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
1555 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
1561 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1562 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1563 if (out_baseimg_param) {
1564 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
1567 /* Check if compression is supported */
1570 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
1571 const char *preallocation =
1572 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
1574 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
1575 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1581 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1588 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
1590 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1598 /* Create the new image */
1599 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
1601 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1602 out_filename, out_fmt, error_get_pretty(local_err));
1603 error_free(local_err);
1608 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1609 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1611 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1615 out_blk = img_open("target", out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true, quiet);
1620 out_bs = blk_bs(out_blk);
1625 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1626 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1628 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
1629 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
1630 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
1633 buf = blk_blockalign(out_blk, bufsectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1636 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(out_blk);
1637 if (output_sectors < 0) {
1638 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1639 strerror(-output_sectors));
1642 } else if (output_sectors < total_sectors) {
1643 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1649 cluster_sectors = 0;
1650 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
1653 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1657 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
1658 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1662 if (cluster_sectors <= 0 || cluster_sectors > bufsectors) {
1663 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1669 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1676 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1677 if (nb_sectors <= 0)
1679 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
1680 n = cluster_sectors;
1684 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
1685 assert (bs_num >= 0);
1688 while (remainder > 0) {
1690 while (bs_num == bs_sectors[bs_i]) {
1691 bs_offset += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1693 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1695 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1696 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1697 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors[bs_i]); */
1699 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors[bs_i]);
1701 nlow = remainder > bs_sectors[bs_i] - bs_num
1702 ? bs_sectors[bs_i] - bs_num : remainder;
1704 ret = blk_read(blk[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
1706 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1707 bs_num, strerror(-ret));
1716 assert (remainder == 0);
1718 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1719 ret = blk_write_compressed(out_blk, sector_num, buf, n);
1721 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1722 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1727 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sector_num / total_sectors, 0);
1729 /* signal EOF to align */
1730 blk_write_compressed(out_blk, 0, NULL, 0);
1732 int64_t sectors_to_read, sectors_read, sector_num_next_status;
1733 bool count_allocated_sectors;
1734 int has_zero_init = min_sparse ? bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs) : 0;
1736 if (!has_zero_init && bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(out_bs)) {
1737 ret = bdrv_make_zero(out_bs, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1744 sectors_to_read = total_sectors;
1745 count_allocated_sectors = progress && (out_baseimg || has_zero_init);
1747 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1749 sector_num_next_status = 0;
1752 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1753 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1754 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1755 sectors_to_read = sectors_read;
1756 count_allocated_sectors = false;
1763 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors[bs_i]) {
1764 bs_offset += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1766 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1767 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1768 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1769 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors[bs_i]); */
1772 if ((out_baseimg || has_zero_init) &&
1773 sector_num >= sector_num_next_status) {
1774 n = nb_sectors > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : nb_sectors;
1775 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
1778 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %"
1779 PRId64 ": %s", sector_num - bs_offset,
1783 /* If the output image is zero initialized, we are not working
1784 * on a shared base and the input is zero we can skip the next
1786 if (has_zero_init && !out_baseimg && (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1790 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write
1791 * image, assume that sectors which are unallocated in the
1792 * input image are present in both the output's and input's
1793 * base images (no need to copy them). */
1795 if (!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1799 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image.
1800 * Copy only those as they may be followed by unallocated
1804 /* avoid redundant callouts to get_block_status */
1805 sector_num_next_status = sector_num + n1;
1808 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bufsectors);
1810 /* round down request length to an aligned sector, but
1811 * do not bother doing this on short requests. They happen
1812 * when we found an all-zero area, and the next sector to
1813 * write will not be sector_num + n. */
1814 if (cluster_sectors > 0 && n >= cluster_sectors) {
1815 int64_t next_aligned_sector = (sector_num + n);
1816 next_aligned_sector -= next_aligned_sector % cluster_sectors;
1817 if (sector_num + n > next_aligned_sector) {
1818 n = next_aligned_sector - sector_num;
1822 n = MIN(n, bs_sectors[bs_i] - (sector_num - bs_offset));
1825 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1831 ret = blk_read(blk[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
1833 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1834 sector_num - bs_offset, strerror(-ret));
1837 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1838 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1839 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1842 if (!has_zero_init ||
1843 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1, n, &n1, min_sparse)) {
1844 ret = blk_write(out_blk, sector_num, buf1, n1);
1846 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1847 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1855 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sectors_read / sectors_to_read, 0);
1860 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1862 qemu_progress_end();
1863 qemu_opts_del(opts);
1864 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
1866 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1870 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1871 blk_unref(blk[bs_i]);
1886 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1888 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1891 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1894 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1895 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
1897 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1899 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
1905 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1907 Error *local_err = NULL;
1909 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1911 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1912 &list, NULL, &local_err);
1913 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1914 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1915 assert(str != NULL);
1916 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1917 qobject_decref(obj);
1918 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1922 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1924 Error *local_err = NULL;
1926 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1928 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1929 &info, NULL, &local_err);
1930 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1931 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1932 assert(str != NULL);
1933 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1934 qobject_decref(obj);
1935 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1939 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1941 ImageInfoList *elem;
1944 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
1950 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
1954 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1956 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
1960 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1962 * @filename: topmost image filename
1963 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1964 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1965 * false - only topmost image file
1967 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1968 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1971 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(const char *filename,
1975 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
1976 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
1977 GHashTable *filenames;
1980 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
1984 BlockDriverState *bs;
1986 ImageInfoList *elem;
1988 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
1989 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1993 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
1995 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt,
1996 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, false, false);
2002 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2004 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
2010 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2017 filename = fmt = NULL;
2019 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2020 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2021 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2022 filename = info->backing_filename;
2024 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2025 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2029 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2033 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2034 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2038 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2041 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2043 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2044 ImageInfoList *list;
2049 int option_index = 0;
2050 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2051 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2052 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2053 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2054 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2057 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2058 long_options, &option_index);
2073 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2078 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2079 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2081 filename = argv[optind++];
2083 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2084 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2085 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2086 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2087 } else if (output) {
2088 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2092 list = collect_image_info_list(filename, fmt, chain);
2097 switch (output_format) {
2099 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2103 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2105 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2110 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2115 typedef struct MapEntry {
2121 BlockDriverState *bs;
2124 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2127 switch (output_format) {
2129 if ((e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) &&
2130 !(e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID)) {
2131 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2134 if ((e->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
2135 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2136 e->start, e->length, e->offset, e->bs->filename);
2138 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2139 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2142 (next->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
2143 next->flags &= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
2144 next->flags |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
2148 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64", \"depth\": %d,"
2149 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2150 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2151 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2152 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) ? "true" : "false",
2153 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) ? "true" : "false");
2154 if (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) {
2155 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2166 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2167 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2172 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2173 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2179 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors);
2184 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2187 bs = bs->backing_hd;
2196 e->start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2197 e->length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2198 e->flags = ret & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2199 e->offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2205 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2208 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2210 BlockDriverState *bs;
2211 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2213 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2219 int option_index = 0;
2220 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2221 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2222 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2223 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2226 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2227 long_options, &option_index);
2244 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2245 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2247 filename = argv[optind];
2249 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2250 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2251 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2252 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2253 } else if (output) {
2254 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2258 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, false);
2264 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2265 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2268 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2269 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2270 int64_t nsectors_left;
2274 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2276 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2277 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2278 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2279 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2282 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2286 if (curr.length != 0 && curr.flags == next.flags &&
2287 curr.depth == next.depth &&
2288 ((curr.flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) == 0 ||
2289 curr.offset + curr.length == next.offset)) {
2290 curr.length += next.length;
2294 if (curr.length > 0) {
2295 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2300 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2307 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2308 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2309 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2310 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2312 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2315 BlockDriverState *bs;
2316 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2317 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2318 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2324 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2325 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2327 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq");
2338 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2341 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2342 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2346 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2349 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2350 snapshot_name = optarg;
2354 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2357 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2358 snapshot_name = optarg;
2362 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2365 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2366 snapshot_name = optarg;
2374 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2375 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2377 filename = argv[optind++];
2379 /* Open the image */
2380 blk = img_open("image", filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true, quiet);
2386 /* Perform the requested action */
2392 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2393 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2394 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2396 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2397 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2398 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2400 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2402 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2403 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2407 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2408 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2410 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2411 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2415 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2416 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2418 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2419 snapshot_name, error_get_pretty(err));
2434 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2436 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
2437 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2439 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2440 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
2444 Error *local_err = NULL;
2446 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2448 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2449 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2453 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q");
2466 out_basefmt = optarg;
2469 out_baseimg = optarg;
2493 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2494 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2496 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2497 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2499 filename = argv[optind++];
2501 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2502 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2504 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2505 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2507 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2511 src_flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS;
2512 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(src_cache, &src_flags);
2514 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2521 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2522 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2524 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2531 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2532 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
2533 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2539 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2541 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
2542 QDict *options = NULL;
2544 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2545 options = qdict_new();
2546 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(bs->backing_format));
2549 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2550 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open("old_backing", backing_name, NULL,
2551 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2552 if (!blk_old_backing) {
2553 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2554 backing_name, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2555 error_free(local_err);
2559 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2561 options = qdict_new();
2562 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(out_basefmt));
2567 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open("new_backing", out_baseimg, NULL,
2568 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2569 if (!blk_new_backing) {
2570 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2571 out_baseimg, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2572 error_free(local_err);
2579 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2580 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2581 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2582 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2584 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2585 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2588 int64_t num_sectors;
2589 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2590 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2595 float local_progress = 0;
2597 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2598 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2600 num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
2601 if (num_sectors < 0) {
2602 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2603 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
2607 old_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing);
2608 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
2609 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
2611 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2612 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2613 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
2617 if (blk_new_backing) {
2618 new_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing);
2619 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
2620 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2621 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
2627 if (num_sectors != 0) {
2628 local_progress = (float)100 /
2629 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
2632 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
2634 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2635 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
2636 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
2638 n = num_sectors - sector;
2641 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2642 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
2644 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2653 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2654 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2656 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
2657 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2659 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
2660 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2663 ret = blk_read(blk_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
2665 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2670 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !blk_new_backing) {
2671 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2673 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
2674 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2677 ret = blk_read(blk_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
2679 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2684 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2685 uint64_t written = 0;
2687 while (written < n) {
2690 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
2691 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
2693 ret = blk_write(blk, sector + written,
2694 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
2696 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2704 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
2707 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
2708 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
2712 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2713 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2714 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2716 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
2717 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
2719 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
2722 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
2723 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2724 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
2725 } else if (ret < 0) {
2726 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2727 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
2730 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2732 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2733 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2734 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2735 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2738 qemu_progress_end();
2741 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
2742 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
2752 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
2754 int c, ret, relative;
2755 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
2756 int64_t n, total_size;
2758 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
2760 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
2761 .name = "resize_options",
2762 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
2765 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2766 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2767 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2774 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2775 * as options by getopt. */
2777 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2781 size = argv[--argc];
2783 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2786 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hq");
2803 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2804 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2806 filename = argv[optind++];
2808 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2824 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2825 if (qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
2826 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2828 qemu_opts_del(param);
2831 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
2832 qemu_opts_del(param);
2834 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR,
2842 total_size = blk_getlength(blk) + n * relative;
2846 if (total_size <= 0) {
2847 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2852 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size);
2855 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
2858 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2861 error_report("Image is read-only");
2864 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
2875 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
2876 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size)
2878 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
2881 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
2884 char *options = NULL;
2885 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2886 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
2887 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
2889 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
2890 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
2891 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2893 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2895 c = getopt(argc, argv, "ho:f:t:pq");
2906 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2907 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2912 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2914 char *old_options = options;
2915 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2916 g_free(old_options);
2935 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2941 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2943 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2944 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
2945 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2946 * given), print option help here */
2947 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2951 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2952 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
2957 flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2958 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2960 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2964 blk = img_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2971 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
2973 if (has_help_option(options)) {
2974 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2975 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2979 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
2980 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
2986 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
2987 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2988 if (options && qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL)) {
2989 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt);
2994 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
2995 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
2996 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb);
2997 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
2999 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3004 qemu_progress_end();
3007 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3008 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3017 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
3018 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
3019 { option, callback },
3020 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
3026 int main(int argc, char **argv)
3028 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
3029 const char *cmdname;
3030 Error *local_error = NULL;
3032 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3033 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3034 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
3039 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
3042 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
3043 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
3045 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
3046 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(local_error));
3047 error_free(local_error);
3053 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3057 /* find the command */
3058 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
3059 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
3060 return cmd->handler(argc - 1, argv + 1);
3064 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", long_options, NULL);
3070 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
3075 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);