2 * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
4 * Copyright (C) 2009-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
5 * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
7 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
8 * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
11 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
12 #include "qapi/error.h"
14 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
15 #include "block/block.h"
16 #include "block/block_int.h" /* for info_f() */
17 #include "block/qapi.h"
18 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
19 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
20 #include "qemu/timer.h"
21 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
23 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK 0x01
27 static cmdinfo_t *cmdtab;
30 static int compare_cmdname(const void *a, const void *b)
32 return strcmp(((const cmdinfo_t *)a)->name,
33 ((const cmdinfo_t *)b)->name);
36 void qemuio_add_command(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
38 cmdtab = g_renew(cmdinfo_t, cmdtab, ++ncmds);
39 cmdtab[ncmds - 1] = *ci;
40 qsort(cmdtab, ncmds, sizeof(*cmdtab), compare_cmdname);
43 int qemuio_command_usage(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
45 printf("%s %s -- %s\n", ci->name, ci->args, ci->oneline);
49 static int init_check_command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
51 if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
54 if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !blk) {
55 fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
61 static int command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct, int argc,
66 if (!init_check_command(blk, ct)) {
70 if (argc - 1 < ct->argmin || (ct->argmax != -1 && argc - 1 > ct->argmax)) {
71 if (ct->argmax == -1) {
73 "bad argument count %d to %s, expected at least %d arguments\n",
74 argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
75 } else if (ct->argmin == ct->argmax) {
77 "bad argument count %d to %s, expected %d arguments\n",
78 argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
81 "bad argument count %d to %s, expected between %d and %d arguments\n",
82 argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin, ct->argmax);
87 /* Request additional permissions if necessary for this command. The caller
88 * is responsible for restoring the original permissions afterwards if this
89 * is what it wants. */
90 if (ct->perm && blk_is_available(blk)) {
91 uint64_t orig_perm, orig_shared_perm;
92 blk_get_perm(blk, &orig_perm, &orig_shared_perm);
94 if (ct->perm & ~orig_perm) {
96 Error *local_err = NULL;
99 new_perm = orig_perm | ct->perm;
101 ret = blk_set_perm(blk, new_perm, orig_shared_perm, &local_err);
103 error_report_err(local_err);
110 return ct->cfunc(blk, argc, argv);
113 static const cmdinfo_t *find_command(const char *cmd)
117 for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
118 if (strcmp(ct->name, cmd) == 0 ||
119 (ct->altname && strcmp(ct->altname, cmd) == 0))
121 return (const cmdinfo_t *)ct;
127 /* Invoke fn() for commands with a matching prefix */
128 void qemuio_complete_command(const char *input,
129 void (*fn)(const char *cmd, void *opaque),
133 size_t input_len = strlen(input);
135 for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
136 if (strncmp(input, ct->name, input_len) == 0) {
137 fn(ct->name, opaque);
142 static char **breakline(char *input, int *count)
146 char **rval = g_new0(char *, 1);
148 while (rval && (p = qemu_strsep(&input, " ")) != NULL) {
153 rval = g_renew(char *, rval, (c + 1));
161 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
166 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
170 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
176 static void print_cvtnum_err(int64_t rc, const char *arg)
180 printf("Parsing error: non-numeric argument,"
181 " or extraneous/unrecognized suffix -- %s\n", arg);
184 printf("Parsing error: argument too large -- %s\n", arg);
187 printf("Parsing error: %s\n", arg);
191 #define EXABYTES(x) ((long long)(x) << 60)
192 #define PETABYTES(x) ((long long)(x) << 50)
193 #define TERABYTES(x) ((long long)(x) << 40)
194 #define GIGABYTES(x) ((long long)(x) << 30)
195 #define MEGABYTES(x) ((long long)(x) << 20)
196 #define KILOBYTES(x) ((long long)(x) << 10)
198 #define TO_EXABYTES(x) ((x) / EXABYTES(1))
199 #define TO_PETABYTES(x) ((x) / PETABYTES(1))
200 #define TO_TERABYTES(x) ((x) / TERABYTES(1))
201 #define TO_GIGABYTES(x) ((x) / GIGABYTES(1))
202 #define TO_MEGABYTES(x) ((x) / MEGABYTES(1))
203 #define TO_KILOBYTES(x) ((x) / KILOBYTES(1))
205 static void cvtstr(double value, char *str, size_t size)
210 if (value >= EXABYTES(1)) {
212 snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_EXABYTES(value));
213 } else if (value >= PETABYTES(1)) {
215 snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_PETABYTES(value));
216 } else if (value >= TERABYTES(1)) {
218 snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_TERABYTES(value));
219 } else if (value >= GIGABYTES(1)) {
221 snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_GIGABYTES(value));
222 } else if (value >= MEGABYTES(1)) {
224 snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_MEGABYTES(value));
225 } else if (value >= KILOBYTES(1)) {
227 snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_KILOBYTES(value));
230 snprintf(str, size - 6, "%f", value);
233 trim = strstr(str, ".000");
235 strcpy(trim, suffix);
243 static struct timeval tsub(struct timeval t1, struct timeval t2)
245 t1.tv_usec -= t2.tv_usec;
246 if (t1.tv_usec < 0) {
247 t1.tv_usec += 1000000;
250 t1.tv_sec -= t2.tv_sec;
254 static double tdiv(double value, struct timeval tv)
256 return value / ((double)tv.tv_sec + ((double)tv.tv_usec / 1000000.0));
259 #define HOURS(sec) ((sec) / (60 * 60))
260 #define MINUTES(sec) (((sec) % (60 * 60)) / 60)
261 #define SECONDS(sec) ((sec) % 60)
265 TERSE_FIXED_TIME = 0x1,
266 VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME = 0x2,
269 static void timestr(struct timeval *tv, char *ts, size_t size, int format)
271 double usec = (double)tv->tv_usec / 1000000.0;
273 if (format & TERSE_FIXED_TIME) {
274 if (!HOURS(tv->tv_sec)) {
275 snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u.%02u",
276 (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
277 (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
278 (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
281 format |= VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME; /* fallback if hours needed */
284 if ((format & VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME) || tv->tv_sec) {
285 snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u:%02u.%02u",
286 (unsigned int) HOURS(tv->tv_sec),
287 (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
288 (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
289 (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
291 snprintf(ts, size, "0.%04u sec", (unsigned int) (usec * 10000));
296 * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
298 * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
299 * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
301 static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
306 pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
307 if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
308 printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
316 * Memory allocation helpers.
318 * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
319 * that is specified on the command line.
322 #define MISALIGN_OFFSET 16
323 static void *qemu_io_alloc(BlockBackend *blk, size_t len, int pattern)
327 if (qemuio_misalign) {
328 len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
330 buf = blk_blockalign(blk, len);
331 memset(buf, pattern, len);
332 if (qemuio_misalign) {
333 buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
338 static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
340 if (qemuio_misalign) {
341 p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
346 static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int64_t len)
352 for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
353 const uint8_t *s = p;
355 printf("%08" PRIx64 ": ", offset + i);
356 for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {
360 for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
371 static void print_report(const char *op, struct timeval *t, int64_t offset,
372 int64_t count, int64_t total, int cnt, bool Cflag)
374 char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];
376 timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
378 cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
379 cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
380 printf("%s %"PRId64"/%"PRId64" bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",
381 op, total, count, offset);
382 printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
383 s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
384 } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
385 printf("%"PRId64",%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
387 tdiv((double)total, *t),
388 tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
393 * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
394 * vector matching it.
397 create_iovec(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov,
400 size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);
406 for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
412 print_cvtnum_err(len, arg);
416 if (len > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
417 printf("Argument '%s' exceeds maximum size %" PRIu64 "\n", arg,
418 (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
422 if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES - len) {
423 printf("The total number of bytes exceed the maximum size %" PRIu64
424 "\n", (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
432 qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);
434 buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
436 for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
437 qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
446 static int do_pread(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
447 int64_t count, int64_t *total)
449 if (count > INT_MAX) {
453 *total = blk_pread(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
460 static int do_pwrite(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
461 int64_t count, int flags, int64_t *total)
463 if (count > INT_MAX) {
467 *total = blk_pwrite(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count, flags);
484 static void coroutine_fn co_pwrite_zeroes_entry(void *opaque)
486 CoWriteZeroes *data = opaque;
488 data->ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(data->blk, data->offset, data->count,
492 *data->total = data->ret;
496 *data->total = data->count;
499 static int do_co_pwrite_zeroes(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
500 int64_t count, int flags, int64_t *total)
503 CoWriteZeroes data = {
512 if (count > INT_MAX) {
516 co = qemu_coroutine_create(co_pwrite_zeroes_entry, &data);
517 qemu_coroutine_enter(co);
519 aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
528 static int do_write_compressed(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
529 int64_t count, int64_t *total)
533 if (count >> 9 > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS) {
537 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(blk, offset, buf, count);
545 static int do_load_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
546 int64_t count, int64_t *total)
548 if (count > INT_MAX) {
552 *total = blk_load_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
559 static int do_save_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
560 int64_t count, int64_t *total)
562 if (count > INT_MAX) {
566 *total = blk_save_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
573 #define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
574 static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
576 *(int *)opaque = ret;
579 static int do_aio_readv(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
580 int64_t offset, int *total)
582 int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
584 blk_aio_preadv(blk, offset, qiov, 0, aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
585 while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
586 main_loop_wait(false);
590 return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
593 static int do_aio_writev(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
594 int64_t offset, int flags, int *total)
596 int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
598 blk_aio_pwritev(blk, offset, qiov, flags, aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
599 while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
600 main_loop_wait(false);
604 return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
607 static void read_help(void)
611 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
614 " 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
616 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
617 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
618 " -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
619 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
620 " -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
621 " -p, -- ignored for backwards compatibility\n"
622 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
623 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
624 " -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
625 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
629 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
631 static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
637 .args = "[-abCqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
638 .oneline = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
642 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
644 struct timeval t1, t2;
645 bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, vflag = false;
646 bool Pflag = false, sflag = false, lflag = false, bflag = false;
651 /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized. */
654 int64_t pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;
656 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != -1) {
666 pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
667 if (pattern_count < 0) {
668 print_cvtnum_err(pattern_count, optarg);
673 /* Ignored for backwards compatibility */
677 pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
687 pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
688 if (pattern_offset < 0) {
689 print_cvtnum_err(pattern_offset, optarg);
697 return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
701 if (optind != argc - 2) {
702 return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
705 offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
707 print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
712 count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
714 print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
716 } else if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
717 printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 ", given %s\n",
718 (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
722 if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
723 return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
727 pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
730 if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count)) {
731 printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");
736 if (offset & 0x1ff) {
737 printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
742 printf("count %"PRId64" is not sector aligned\n",
748 buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, 0xab);
750 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
752 cnt = do_load_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
754 cnt = do_pread(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
756 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
759 printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
764 void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
765 memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
766 if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
767 printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
768 PRId64 ", %"PRId64" bytes\n",
769 offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
779 dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
782 /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
784 print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
792 static void readv_help(void)
796 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
799 " 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
801 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
802 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
803 " Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
804 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
805 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
806 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
807 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
811 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
813 static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
818 .args = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
819 .oneline = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
823 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
825 struct timeval t1, t2;
826 bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, vflag = false;
830 /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized. */
837 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != -1) {
844 pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
856 return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
860 if (optind > argc - 2) {
861 return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
865 offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
867 print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
872 nr_iov = argc - optind;
873 buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
878 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
879 cnt = do_aio_readv(blk, &qiov, offset, &total);
880 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
883 printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
888 void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);
889 memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
890 if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
891 printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
892 PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);
902 dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
905 /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
907 print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
910 qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
915 static void write_help(void)
919 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
922 " 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
924 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
925 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
926 " -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
927 " -c, -- write compressed data with blk_write_compressed\n"
928 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
929 " -p, -- ignored for backwards compatibility\n"
930 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
931 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
932 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
933 " -u, -- with -z, allow unmapping\n"
934 " -z, -- write zeroes using blk_co_pwrite_zeroes\n"
938 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
940 static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
944 .perm = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
947 .args = "[-bcCfquz] [-P pattern] off len",
948 .oneline = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
952 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
954 struct timeval t1, t2;
955 bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, bflag = false;
956 bool Pflag = false, zflag = false, cflag = false;
962 /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized. */
966 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bcCfpP:quz")) != -1) {
978 flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
981 /* Ignored for backwards compatibility */
985 pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
994 flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
1000 return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
1004 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1005 return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
1008 if (bflag && zflag) {
1009 printf("-b and -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1013 if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_FUA) && (bflag || cflag)) {
1014 printf("-f and -b or -c cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1018 if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP) && !zflag) {
1019 printf("-u requires -z to be specified\n");
1023 if (zflag && Pflag) {
1024 printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1028 offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1030 print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1035 count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1037 print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1039 } else if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
1040 printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 ", given %s\n",
1041 (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
1045 if (bflag || cflag) {
1046 if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1047 printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1052 if (count & 0x1ff) {
1053 printf("count %"PRId64" is not sector aligned\n",
1060 buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
1063 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1065 cnt = do_save_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1067 cnt = do_co_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset, count, flags, &total);
1069 cnt = do_write_compressed(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1071 cnt = do_pwrite(blk, buf, offset, count, flags, &total);
1073 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1076 printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1084 /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1086 print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
1101 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
1104 " 'writev 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1106 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1107 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1108 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1109 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1110 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
1111 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1115 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1117 static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
1120 .perm = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1123 .args = "[-Cfq] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1124 .oneline = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1125 .help = writev_help,
1128 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1130 struct timeval t1, t2;
1131 bool Cflag = false, qflag = false;
1136 /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized. */
1142 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CfqP:")) != -1) {
1148 flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1154 pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1160 return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1164 if (optind > argc - 2) {
1165 return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1168 offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1170 print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1175 nr_iov = argc - optind;
1176 buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1181 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1182 cnt = do_aio_writev(blk, &qiov, offset, flags, &total);
1183 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1186 printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1194 /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1196 print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
1198 qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
1213 BlockAcctCookie acct;
1218 static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1220 struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1223 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1227 printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1228 block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1232 block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1238 /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1239 t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1240 print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1241 ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1244 qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1245 qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1250 static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1252 struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1255 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1258 printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1259 block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1264 void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);
1266 memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
1267 if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
1268 printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
1269 PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1274 block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1281 dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1284 /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1285 t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1286 print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1287 ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1289 qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1290 qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1294 static void aio_read_help(void)
1298 " asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1301 " 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1303 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
1304 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
1305 " The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1306 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1307 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1308 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
1309 " -i, -- treat request as invalid, for exercising stats\n"
1310 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
1311 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1315 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1317 static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
1319 .cfunc = aio_read_f,
1322 .args = "[-Ciqv] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1323 .oneline = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
1324 .help = aio_read_help,
1327 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1330 struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1333 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:iqv")) != -1) {
1340 ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1341 if (ctx->pattern < 0) {
1347 printf("injecting invalid read request\n");
1348 block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1359 return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1363 if (optind > argc - 2) {
1365 return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1368 ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1369 if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1370 print_cvtnum_err(ctx->offset, argv[optind]);
1376 nr_iov = argc - optind;
1377 ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
1378 if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1379 block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1384 gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1385 block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1387 blk_aio_preadv(blk, ctx->offset, &ctx->qiov, 0, aio_read_done, ctx);
1391 static void aio_write_help(void)
1395 " asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"
1396 " from multiple buffers\n"
1399 " 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1401 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1402 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1403 " The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1404 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1405 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1406 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1407 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
1408 " -i, -- treat request as invalid, for exercising stats\n"
1409 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1410 " -u, -- with -z, allow unmapping\n"
1411 " -z, -- write zeroes using blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes\n"
1415 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1417 static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
1418 .name = "aio_write",
1419 .cfunc = aio_write_f,
1420 .perm = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1423 .args = "[-Cfiquz] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1424 .oneline = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
1425 .help = aio_write_help,
1428 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1432 struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1436 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CfiqP:uz")) != -1) {
1442 flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1448 flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
1451 pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1458 printf("injecting invalid write request\n");
1459 block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1467 return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1471 if (optind > argc - 2) {
1473 return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1476 if (ctx->zflag && optind != argc - 2) {
1477 printf("-z supports only a single length parameter\n");
1482 if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP) && !ctx->zflag) {
1483 printf("-u requires -z to be specified\n");
1488 if (ctx->zflag && ctx->Pflag) {
1489 printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1494 ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1495 if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1496 print_cvtnum_err(ctx->offset, argv[optind]);
1503 int64_t count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1505 print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1510 ctx->qiov.size = count;
1511 blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes(blk, ctx->offset, count, flags, aio_write_done,
1514 nr_iov = argc - optind;
1515 ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov,
1517 if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1518 block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1523 gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1524 block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1527 blk_aio_pwritev(blk, ctx->offset, &ctx->qiov, flags, aio_write_done,
1533 static int aio_flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1535 BlockAcctCookie cookie;
1536 block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie, 0, BLOCK_ACCT_FLUSH);
1538 block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie);
1542 static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
1543 .name = "aio_flush",
1544 .cfunc = aio_flush_f,
1545 .oneline = "completes all outstanding aio requests"
1548 static int flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1554 static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
1558 .oneline = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
1561 static int truncate_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1566 offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1568 print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
1572 ret = blk_truncate(blk, offset);
1574 printf("truncate: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1581 static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
1584 .cfunc = truncate_f,
1585 .perm = BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_RESIZE,
1589 .oneline = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
1592 static int length_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1597 size = blk_getlength(blk);
1599 printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));
1603 cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1609 static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
1613 .oneline = "gets the length of the current file",
1617 static int info_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1619 BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1620 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1621 ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info;
1622 char s1[64], s2[64];
1625 if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name) {
1626 printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
1628 if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name) {
1629 printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
1632 ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
1637 cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1638 cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1640 printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
1641 printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);
1643 spec_info = bdrv_get_specific_info(bs);
1645 printf("Format specific information:\n");
1646 bdrv_image_info_specific_dump(fprintf, stdout, spec_info);
1647 qapi_free_ImageInfoSpecific(spec_info);
1655 static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
1659 .oneline = "prints information about the current file",
1662 static void discard_help(void)
1666 " discards a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1669 " 'discard 512 1k' - discards 1 kilobyte from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1671 " Discards a segment of the currently open file.\n"
1672 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1673 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1677 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1679 static const cmdinfo_t discard_cmd = {
1683 .perm = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1686 .args = "[-Cq] off len",
1687 .oneline = "discards a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1688 .help = discard_help,
1691 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1693 struct timeval t1, t2;
1694 bool Cflag = false, qflag = false;
1696 int64_t offset, count;
1698 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1707 return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1711 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1712 return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1715 offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1717 print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1722 count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1724 print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1726 } else if (count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS) {
1727 printf("length cannot exceed %"PRIu64", given %s\n",
1728 (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1733 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1734 ret = blk_pdiscard(blk, offset, count);
1735 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1738 printf("discard failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1742 /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1745 print_report("discard", &t2, offset, count, count, 1, Cflag);
1752 static int alloc_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1754 BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1755 int64_t offset, sector_num, nb_sectors, remaining;
1760 offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1762 print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
1764 } else if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1765 printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1771 nb_sectors = cvtnum(argv[2]);
1772 if (nb_sectors < 0) {
1773 print_cvtnum_err(nb_sectors, argv[2]);
1775 } else if (nb_sectors > INT_MAX) {
1776 printf("length argument cannot exceed %d, given %s\n",
1784 remaining = nb_sectors;
1786 sector_num = offset >> 9;
1788 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, remaining, &num);
1790 printf("is_allocated failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1799 nb_sectors -= remaining;
1804 cvtstr(offset, s1, sizeof(s1));
1806 printf("%"PRId64"/%"PRId64" sectors allocated at offset %s\n",
1807 sum_alloc, nb_sectors, s1);
1811 static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
1817 .args = "off [sectors]",
1818 .oneline = "checks if a sector is present in the file",
1822 static int map_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1823 int64_t nb_sectors, int64_t *pnum)
1825 int num, num_checked;
1828 num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1829 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
1837 while (nb_sectors > 0 && ret == firstret) {
1841 num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1842 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
1843 if (ret == firstret && num) {
1853 static int map_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1856 int64_t nb_sectors, total_sectors;
1863 total_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
1864 if (total_sectors < 0) {
1865 error_report("Failed to query image length: %s",
1866 strerror(-total_sectors));
1870 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1873 ret = map_is_allocated(blk_bs(blk), offset, nb_sectors, &num);
1875 error_report("Failed to get allocation status: %s", strerror(-ret));
1878 error_report("Unexpected end of image");
1882 retstr = ret ? " allocated" : "not allocated";
1883 cvtstr(offset << 9ULL, s1, sizeof(s1));
1884 printf("[% 24" PRId64 "] % 8" PRId64 "/% 8" PRId64 " sectors %s "
1885 "at offset %s (%d)\n",
1886 offset << 9ULL, num, nb_sectors, retstr, s1, ret);
1890 } while (offset < total_sectors);
1895 static const cmdinfo_t map_cmd = {
1901 .oneline = "prints the allocated areas of a file",
1904 static void reopen_help(void)
1908 " Changes the open options of an already opened image\n"
1911 " 'reopen -o lazy-refcounts=on' - activates lazy refcount writeback on a qcow2 image\n"
1913 " -r, -- Reopen the image read-only\n"
1914 " -c, -- Change the cache mode to the given value\n"
1915 " -o, -- Changes block driver options (cf. 'open' command)\n"
1919 static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1921 static QemuOptsList reopen_opts = {
1923 .merge_lists = true,
1924 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(reopen_opts.head),
1926 /* no elements => accept any params */
1927 { /* end of list */ }
1931 static const cmdinfo_t reopen_cmd = {
1936 .args = "[-r] [-c cache] [-o options]",
1937 .oneline = "reopens an image with new options",
1938 .help = reopen_help,
1941 static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1943 BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1947 int flags = bs->open_flags;
1948 bool writethrough = !blk_enable_write_cache(blk);
1950 BlockReopenQueue *brq;
1951 Error *local_err = NULL;
1953 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:o:r")) != -1) {
1956 if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
1957 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
1962 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&reopen_opts, optarg, 0)) {
1963 qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1968 flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
1971 qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1972 return qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
1976 if (optind != argc) {
1977 qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1978 return qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
1981 if (writethrough != blk_enable_write_cache(blk) &&
1982 blk_get_attached_dev(blk))
1984 error_report("Cannot change cache.writeback: Device attached");
1985 qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1989 qopts = qemu_opts_find(&reopen_opts, NULL);
1990 opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL;
1991 qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1993 brq = bdrv_reopen_queue(NULL, bs, opts, flags);
1994 bdrv_reopen_multiple(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs), brq, &local_err);
1996 error_report_err(local_err);
1998 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
2004 static int break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2008 ret = bdrv_debug_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1], argv[2]);
2010 printf("Could not set breakpoint: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2016 static int remove_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2020 ret = bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
2022 printf("Could not remove breakpoint %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(-ret));
2028 static const cmdinfo_t break_cmd = {
2033 .args = "event tag",
2034 .oneline = "sets a breakpoint on event and tags the stopped "
2038 static const cmdinfo_t remove_break_cmd = {
2039 .name = "remove_break",
2042 .cfunc = remove_break_f,
2044 .oneline = "remove a breakpoint by tag",
2047 static int resume_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2051 ret = bdrv_debug_resume(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
2053 printf("Could not resume request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2059 static const cmdinfo_t resume_cmd = {
2065 .oneline = "resumes the request tagged as tag",
2068 static int wait_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2070 while (!bdrv_debug_is_suspended(blk_bs(blk), argv[1])) {
2071 aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
2077 static const cmdinfo_t wait_break_cmd = {
2078 .name = "wait_break",
2081 .cfunc = wait_break_f,
2083 .oneline = "waits for the suspension of a request",
2086 static int abort_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2091 static const cmdinfo_t abort_cmd = {
2094 .flags = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2095 .oneline = "simulate a program crash using abort(3)",
2098 static void sigraise_help(void)
2102 " raises the given signal\n"
2105 " 'sigraise %i' - raises SIGTERM\n"
2107 " Invokes raise(signal), where \"signal\" is the mandatory integer argument\n"
2108 " given to sigraise.\n"
2112 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
2114 static const cmdinfo_t sigraise_cmd = {
2116 .cfunc = sigraise_f,
2119 .flags = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2121 .oneline = "raises a signal",
2122 .help = sigraise_help,
2125 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2127 int64_t sig = cvtnum(argv[1]);
2129 print_cvtnum_err(sig, argv[1]);
2131 } else if (sig > NSIG) {
2132 printf("signal argument '%s' is too large to be a valid signal\n",
2137 /* Using raise() to kill this process does not necessarily flush all open
2138 * streams. At least stdout and stderr (although the latter should be
2139 * non-buffered anyway) should be flushed, though. */
2147 static void sleep_cb(void *opaque)
2149 bool *expired = opaque;
2153 static int sleep_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2157 struct QEMUTimer *timer;
2158 bool expired = false;
2160 ms = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 0);
2161 if (ms < 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
2162 printf("%s is not a valid number\n", argv[1]);
2166 timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST, sleep_cb, &expired);
2167 timer_mod(timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) + SCALE_MS * ms);
2170 main_loop_wait(false);
2178 static const cmdinfo_t sleep_cmd = {
2183 .flags = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2184 .oneline = "waits for the given value in milliseconds",
2187 static void help_oneline(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2192 printf("%s ", ct->name);
2194 printf("(or %s) ", ct->altname);
2199 printf("%s ", ct->args);
2201 printf("-- %s\n", ct->oneline);
2204 static void help_onecmd(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2206 help_oneline(cmd, ct);
2212 static void help_all(void)
2214 const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2216 for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
2217 help_oneline(ct->name, ct);
2219 printf("\nUse 'help commandname' for extended help.\n");
2222 static int help_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2224 const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2231 ct = find_command(argv[1]);
2233 printf("command %s not found\n", argv[1]);
2237 help_onecmd(argv[1], ct);
2241 static const cmdinfo_t help_cmd = {
2247 .flags = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
2248 .args = "[command]",
2249 .oneline = "help for one or all commands",
2252 bool qemuio_command(BlockBackend *blk, const char *cmd)
2256 const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2261 input = g_strdup(cmd);
2262 v = breakline(input, &c);
2264 ct = find_command(v[0]);
2266 ctx = blk ? blk_get_aio_context(blk) : qemu_get_aio_context();
2267 aio_context_acquire(ctx);
2268 done = command(blk, ct, c, v);
2269 aio_context_release(ctx);
2271 fprintf(stderr, "command \"%s\" not found\n", v[0]);
2280 static void __attribute((constructor)) init_qemuio_commands(void)
2282 /* initialize commands */
2283 qemuio_add_command(&help_cmd);
2284 qemuio_add_command(&read_cmd);
2285 qemuio_add_command(&readv_cmd);
2286 qemuio_add_command(&write_cmd);
2287 qemuio_add_command(&writev_cmd);
2288 qemuio_add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
2289 qemuio_add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
2290 qemuio_add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
2291 qemuio_add_command(&flush_cmd);
2292 qemuio_add_command(&truncate_cmd);
2293 qemuio_add_command(&length_cmd);
2294 qemuio_add_command(&info_cmd);
2295 qemuio_add_command(&discard_cmd);
2296 qemuio_add_command(&alloc_cmd);
2297 qemuio_add_command(&map_cmd);
2298 qemuio_add_command(&reopen_cmd);
2299 qemuio_add_command(&break_cmd);
2300 qemuio_add_command(&remove_break_cmd);
2301 qemuio_add_command(&resume_cmd);
2302 qemuio_add_command(&wait_break_cmd);
2303 qemuio_add_command(&abort_cmd);
2304 qemuio_add_command(&sleep_cmd);
2305 qemuio_add_command(&sigraise_cmd);