2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu-option.h"
29 #include "qemu-error.h"
32 #include "block_int.h"
40 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
42 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
45 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
46 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
47 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
49 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
54 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
55 static void help(void)
57 const char *help_msg =
58 "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
59 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
60 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
63 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
65 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
69 "Command parameters:\n"
70 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
71 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
72 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
73 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
74 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
75 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
76 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M)\n"
77 " and T (terabyte, 1024G) are supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
78 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
79 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
80 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
81 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
83 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
84 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
85 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
86 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
87 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
88 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
89 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes that must contain only zeros\n"
90 " for qemu-img to create a sparse image during conversion\n"
91 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
93 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
94 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
95 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
96 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
97 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
99 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
100 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
101 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
102 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
103 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
104 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n";
106 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
107 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
113 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
114 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
117 printf("Password: ");
124 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
135 static struct termios oldtty;
137 static void term_exit(void)
139 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
142 static void term_init(void)
149 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
150 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
151 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
152 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
153 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
158 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
163 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
168 printf("password: ");
173 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
175 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
181 } else if (ret == 0) {
189 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
200 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
202 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
203 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL;
205 /* Find driver and parse its options */
206 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
208 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
212 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename);
214 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename);
218 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
219 drv->create_options);
220 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
221 proto_drv->create_options);
222 print_option_help(create_options);
223 free_option_parameters(create_options);
227 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *filename,
232 BlockDriverState *bs;
237 bs = bdrv_new("image");
240 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
242 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
249 ret = bdrv_open(bs, filename, flags, drv);
251 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename, strerror(-ret));
255 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
256 printf("Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
257 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
258 error_report("No password given");
261 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
262 error_report("invalid password");
274 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QEMUOptionParameter *list,
275 const char *base_filename,
276 const char *base_fmt)
279 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
280 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
286 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
287 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
295 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
298 uint64_t img_size = -1;
299 const char *fmt = "raw";
300 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
301 const char *filename;
302 const char *base_filename = NULL;
303 char *options = NULL;
306 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:");
319 base_filename = optarg;
325 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
326 "encryption\' instead!");
329 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
330 "compat6\' instead!");
338 /* Get the filename */
339 if (optind >= argc) {
342 filename = argv[optind++];
344 /* Get image size, if specified */
348 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
349 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
350 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, G or "
352 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes and terabytes.");
356 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
359 if (options && is_help_option(options)) {
360 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
364 ret = bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
365 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS);
374 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
376 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
377 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
378 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
379 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
381 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
384 const char *filename, *fmt;
385 BlockDriverState *bs;
386 BdrvCheckResult result;
388 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
392 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hr:");
405 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
407 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
408 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
409 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
410 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
417 if (optind >= argc) {
420 filename = argv[optind++];
422 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags, true);
426 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
428 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
429 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
434 if (result.corruptions_fixed || result.leaks_fixed) {
435 printf("The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
436 " %d leaked clusters\n"
437 " %d corruptions\n\n"
438 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
440 result.corruptions_fixed);
441 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, 0);
444 if (!(result.corruptions || result.leaks || result.check_errors)) {
445 printf("No errors were found on the image.\n");
447 if (result.corruptions) {
448 printf("\n%d errors were found on the image.\n"
449 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
455 printf("\n%d leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
456 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
460 if (result.check_errors) {
461 printf("\n%d internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
462 result.check_errors);
466 if (result.bfi.total_clusters != 0 && result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0) {
467 printf("%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 "= %0.2f%% allocated, %0.2f%% fragmented\n",
468 result.bfi.allocated_clusters, result.bfi.total_clusters,
469 result.bfi.allocated_clusters * 100.0 / result.bfi.total_clusters,
470 result.bfi.fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / result.bfi.allocated_clusters);
475 if (ret < 0 || result.check_errors) {
476 printf("\nAn error has occurred during the check: %s\n"
477 "The check is not complete and may have missed error.\n",
482 if (result.corruptions) {
484 } else if (result.leaks) {
491 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
494 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache;
495 BlockDriverState *bs;
498 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
500 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:");
517 if (optind >= argc) {
520 filename = argv[optind++];
523 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
525 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
529 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags, true);
533 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
536 printf("Image committed.\n");
539 error_report("No disk inserted");
542 error_report("Image is read-only");
545 error_report("Image is already committed");
548 error_report("Error while committing image");
560 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
563 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
564 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
566 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
575 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
576 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
578 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
587 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
588 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
589 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
591 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
595 int num_checked, num_used;
601 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
607 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
609 num_checked = num_used;
612 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
614 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
616 num_checked += *pnum;
618 num_used = num_checked;
619 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
629 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
630 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
632 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
633 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
635 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
645 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
646 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
650 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
659 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
661 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
663 int c, ret = 0, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_size, cluster_sectors;
664 int progress = 0, flags;
665 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
666 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
667 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
668 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
670 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
673 QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL, *create_options = NULL;
674 QEMUOptionParameter *out_baseimg_param;
675 char *options = NULL;
676 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
677 float local_progress = 0;
678 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
686 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:B:s:hce6o:pS:t:");
702 out_baseimg = optarg;
708 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
709 "encryption\' instead!");
712 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
713 "compat6\' instead!");
719 snapshot_name = optarg;
725 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
726 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
727 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
731 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
743 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
748 out_filename = argv[argc - 1];
750 /* Initialize before goto out */
751 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
753 if (options && is_help_option(options)) {
754 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
758 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
759 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
765 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
767 bs = g_malloc0(bs_n * sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
770 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
771 bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true);
773 error_report("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
777 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
778 total_sectors += bs_sectors;
781 if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
783 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
787 if (bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0], snapshot_name) < 0) {
788 error_report("Failed to load snapshot");
794 /* Find driver and parse its options */
795 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
797 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
802 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename);
804 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename);
809 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
810 drv->create_options);
811 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
812 proto_drv->create_options);
815 param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options, param);
817 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", out_fmt);
822 param = parse_option_parameters("", create_options, param);
825 set_option_parameter_int(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
826 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, param, out_baseimg, NULL);
831 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
832 out_baseimg_param = get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
833 if (out_baseimg_param) {
834 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param->value.s;
837 /* Check if compression is supported */
839 QEMUOptionParameter *encryption =
840 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT);
841 QEMUOptionParameter *preallocation =
842 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
844 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
845 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
850 if (encryption && encryption->value.n) {
851 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
857 if (preallocation && preallocation->value.s
858 && strcmp(preallocation->value.s, "off"))
860 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
867 /* Create the new image */
868 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, param);
870 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
871 error_report("Formatting not supported for file format '%s'",
873 } else if (ret == -EFBIG) {
874 error_report("The image size is too large for file format '%s'",
877 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
878 out_filename, out_fmt, strerror(-ret));
884 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
886 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
890 out_bs = bdrv_new_open(out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true);
898 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
899 buf = qemu_blockalign(out_bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
902 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
904 error_report("could not get block driver info");
907 cluster_size = bdi.cluster_size;
908 if (cluster_size <= 0 || cluster_size > IO_BUF_SIZE) {
909 error_report("invalid cluster size");
913 cluster_sectors = cluster_size >> 9;
916 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
917 if (nb_sectors != 0) {
918 local_progress = (float)100 /
919 (nb_sectors / MIN(nb_sectors, cluster_sectors));
927 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
930 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
935 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
936 assert (bs_num >= 0);
939 while (remainder > 0) {
941 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
943 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
944 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
945 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
947 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
948 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
949 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
951 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
953 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
955 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
957 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
958 bs_num, strerror(-ret));
967 assert (remainder == 0);
969 if (n < cluster_sectors) {
970 memset(buf + n * 512, 0, cluster_size - n * 512);
972 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf, cluster_size)) {
973 ret = bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf,
976 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
977 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
982 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
984 /* signal EOF to align */
985 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
987 int has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs);
989 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
990 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
991 if (nb_sectors != 0) {
992 local_progress = (float)100 /
993 (nb_sectors / MIN(nb_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
997 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
998 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1001 if (nb_sectors >= (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512)) {
1002 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
1007 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
1009 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1010 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1011 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1012 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1013 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1014 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1017 if (n > bs_offset + bs_sectors - sector_num) {
1018 n = bs_offset + bs_sectors - sector_num;
1021 if (has_zero_init) {
1022 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write image,
1023 assume that sectors which are unallocated in the input image
1024 are present in both the output's and input's base images (no
1025 need to copy them). */
1027 if (!bdrv_is_allocated(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
1032 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image. Copy
1033 only those as they may be followed by unallocated sectors. */
1040 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
1042 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1043 sector_num - bs_offset, strerror(-ret));
1046 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1047 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1048 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1051 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write image,
1052 copy all sectors even the ones containing only NUL bytes,
1053 because they may differ from the sectors in the base image.
1055 If the output is to a host device, we also write out
1056 sectors that are entirely 0, since whatever data was
1057 already there is garbage, not 0s. */
1058 if (!has_zero_init || out_baseimg ||
1059 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1, n, &n1, min_sparse)) {
1060 ret = bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1);
1062 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1063 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1071 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
1075 qemu_progress_end();
1076 free_option_parameters(create_options);
1077 free_option_parameters(param);
1080 bdrv_delete(out_bs);
1083 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1085 bdrv_delete(bs[bs_i]);
1097 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1099 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1103 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1106 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1107 printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), NULL));
1108 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1110 printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), sn));
1115 static void collect_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs , ImageInfo *info)
1118 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab = NULL;
1119 SnapshotInfoList *info_list, *cur_item = NULL;
1120 sn_count = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1122 for (i = 0; i < sn_count; i++) {
1123 info->has_snapshots = true;
1124 info_list = g_new0(SnapshotInfoList, 1);
1126 info_list->value = g_new0(SnapshotInfo, 1);
1127 info_list->value->id = g_strdup(sn_tab[i].id_str);
1128 info_list->value->name = g_strdup(sn_tab[i].name);
1129 info_list->value->vm_state_size = sn_tab[i].vm_state_size;
1130 info_list->value->date_sec = sn_tab[i].date_sec;
1131 info_list->value->date_nsec = sn_tab[i].date_nsec;
1132 info_list->value->vm_clock_sec = sn_tab[i].vm_clock_nsec / 1000000000;
1133 info_list->value->vm_clock_nsec = sn_tab[i].vm_clock_nsec % 1000000000;
1135 /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support qemu-queue.h types */
1137 info->snapshots = cur_item = info_list;
1139 cur_item->next = info_list;
1140 cur_item = info_list;
1148 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1152 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1154 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1155 &info, NULL, &errp);
1156 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1157 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1158 assert(str != NULL);
1159 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1160 qobject_decref(obj);
1161 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1165 static void collect_image_info(BlockDriverState *bs,
1167 const char *filename,
1170 uint64_t total_sectors;
1171 char backing_filename[1024];
1172 char backing_filename2[1024];
1173 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1175 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &total_sectors);
1177 info->filename = g_strdup(filename);
1178 info->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
1179 info->virtual_size = total_sectors * 512;
1180 info->actual_size = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(bs);
1181 info->has_actual_size = info->actual_size >= 0;
1182 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs)) {
1183 info->encrypted = true;
1184 info->has_encrypted = true;
1186 if (bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi) >= 0) {
1187 if (bdi.cluster_size != 0) {
1188 info->cluster_size = bdi.cluster_size;
1189 info->has_cluster_size = true;
1191 info->dirty_flag = bdi.is_dirty;
1192 info->has_dirty_flag = true;
1194 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_filename, sizeof(backing_filename));
1195 if (backing_filename[0] != '\0') {
1196 info->backing_filename = g_strdup(backing_filename);
1197 info->has_backing_filename = true;
1198 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(bs, backing_filename2,
1199 sizeof(backing_filename2));
1201 if (strcmp(backing_filename, backing_filename2) != 0) {
1202 info->full_backing_filename =
1203 g_strdup(backing_filename2);
1204 info->has_full_backing_filename = true;
1207 if (bs->backing_format[0]) {
1208 info->backing_filename_format = g_strdup(bs->backing_format);
1209 info->has_backing_filename_format = true;
1214 static void dump_human_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1216 char size_buf[128], dsize_buf[128];
1217 if (!info->has_actual_size) {
1218 snprintf(dsize_buf, sizeof(dsize_buf), "unavailable");
1220 get_human_readable_size(dsize_buf, sizeof(dsize_buf),
1223 get_human_readable_size(size_buf, sizeof(size_buf), info->virtual_size);
1224 printf("image: %s\n"
1226 "virtual size: %s (%" PRId64 " bytes)\n"
1228 info->filename, info->format, size_buf,
1232 if (info->has_encrypted && info->encrypted) {
1233 printf("encrypted: yes\n");
1236 if (info->has_cluster_size) {
1237 printf("cluster_size: %" PRId64 "\n", info->cluster_size);
1240 if (info->has_dirty_flag && info->dirty_flag) {
1241 printf("cleanly shut down: no\n");
1244 if (info->has_backing_filename) {
1245 printf("backing file: %s", info->backing_filename);
1246 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
1247 printf(" (actual path: %s)", info->full_backing_filename);
1250 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
1251 printf("backing file format: %s\n", info->backing_filename_format);
1256 enum {OPTION_OUTPUT = 256};
1258 typedef enum OutputFormat {
1263 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
1266 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1267 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
1268 BlockDriverState *bs;
1274 int option_index = 0;
1275 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1276 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1277 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
1278 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
1281 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
1282 long_options, &option_index);
1299 if (optind >= argc) {
1302 filename = argv[optind++];
1304 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
1305 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
1306 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
1307 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1308 } else if (output) {
1309 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1313 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, false);
1318 info = g_new0(ImageInfo, 1);
1319 collect_image_info(bs, info, filename, fmt);
1321 switch (output_format) {
1323 dump_human_image_info(info);
1327 collect_snapshots(bs, info);
1328 dump_json_image_info(info);
1332 qapi_free_ImageInfo(info);
1337 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
1338 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
1339 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
1340 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
1342 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
1344 BlockDriverState *bs;
1345 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
1346 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1347 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
1351 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
1352 /* Parse commandline parameters */
1354 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:h");
1368 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
1369 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
1376 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
1377 snapshot_name = optarg;
1384 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
1385 snapshot_name = optarg;
1392 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
1393 snapshot_name = optarg;
1398 if (optind >= argc) {
1401 filename = argv[optind++];
1403 /* Open the image */
1404 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true);
1409 /* Perform the requested action */
1415 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
1416 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
1417 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
1419 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
1420 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
1421 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
1423 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
1425 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
1426 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
1430 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
1431 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
1433 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
1434 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
1438 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
1439 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, snapshot_name);
1441 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
1442 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
1455 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
1457 BlockDriverState *bs, *bs_old_backing = NULL, *bs_new_backing = NULL;
1458 BlockDriver *old_backing_drv, *new_backing_drv;
1460 const char *fmt, *cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
1465 /* Parse commandline parameters */
1467 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1471 c = getopt(argc, argv, "uhf:F:b:pt:");
1484 out_basefmt = optarg;
1487 out_baseimg = optarg;
1501 if ((optind >= argc) || (!unsafe && !out_baseimg)) {
1504 filename = argv[optind++];
1506 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1507 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1509 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
1510 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1512 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1519 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
1520 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
1522 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, flags, true);
1527 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
1528 old_backing_drv = NULL;
1529 new_backing_drv = NULL;
1531 if (!unsafe && bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
1532 old_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(bs->backing_format);
1533 if (old_backing_drv == NULL) {
1534 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs->backing_format);
1540 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
1541 new_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt);
1542 if (new_backing_drv == NULL) {
1543 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
1549 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
1551 /* Make the compiler happy */
1552 bs_old_backing = NULL;
1553 bs_new_backing = NULL;
1555 char backing_name[1024];
1557 bs_old_backing = bdrv_new("old_backing");
1558 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
1559 ret = bdrv_open(bs_old_backing, backing_name, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
1562 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s'", backing_name);
1565 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
1566 bs_new_backing = bdrv_new("new_backing");
1567 ret = bdrv_open(bs_new_backing, out_baseimg, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
1570 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s'",
1578 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
1579 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
1580 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
1581 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
1583 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
1584 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
1587 uint64_t num_sectors;
1588 uint64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
1589 uint64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
1594 float local_progress = 0;
1596 buf_old = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1597 buf_new = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1599 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &num_sectors);
1600 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_old_backing, &old_backing_num_sectors);
1601 if (bs_new_backing) {
1602 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_new_backing, &new_backing_num_sectors);
1605 if (num_sectors != 0) {
1606 local_progress = (float)100 /
1607 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
1610 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
1612 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
1613 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
1614 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
1616 n = num_sectors - sector;
1619 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
1620 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
1626 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
1627 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
1629 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
1630 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1632 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
1633 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
1636 ret = bdrv_read(bs_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
1638 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
1643 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !bs_new_backing) {
1644 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1646 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
1647 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
1650 ret = bdrv_read(bs_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
1652 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
1657 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
1658 uint64_t written = 0;
1660 while (written < n) {
1663 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
1664 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
1666 ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector + written,
1667 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
1669 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
1677 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
1680 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
1681 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
1685 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
1686 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
1687 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
1689 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
1690 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
1692 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
1695 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
1696 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
1697 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
1698 } else if (ret < 0) {
1699 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
1700 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
1703 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1705 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
1706 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
1707 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
1708 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
1711 qemu_progress_end();
1714 if (bs_old_backing != NULL) {
1715 bdrv_delete(bs_old_backing);
1717 if (bs_new_backing != NULL) {
1718 bdrv_delete(bs_new_backing);
1729 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
1731 int c, ret, relative;
1732 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
1733 int64_t n, total_size;
1734 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
1736 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
1737 .name = "resize_options",
1738 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
1741 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
1742 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
1743 .help = "Virtual disk size"
1750 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
1751 * as options by getopt. */
1757 size = argv[--argc];
1759 /* Parse getopt arguments */
1762 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
1776 if (optind >= argc) {
1779 filename = argv[optind++];
1781 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
1797 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, NULL);
1798 if (qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
1799 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
1801 qemu_opts_del(param);
1804 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
1805 qemu_opts_del(param);
1807 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR, true);
1814 total_size = bdrv_getlength(bs) + n * relative;
1818 if (total_size <= 0) {
1819 error_report("New image size must be positive");
1824 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size);
1827 printf("Image resized.\n");
1830 error_report("This image does not support resize");
1833 error_report("Image is read-only");
1836 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
1849 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
1850 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
1851 { option, callback },
1852 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
1858 int main(int argc, char **argv)
1860 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
1861 const char *cmdname;
1863 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
1871 qemu_init_main_loop();
1873 /* find the command */
1874 for(cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
1875 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
1876 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);