2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-version.h"
29 #include "qapi/error.h"
30 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
31 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
32 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
35 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
36 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
37 #include "qemu/option.h"
38 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
40 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
42 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
43 #include "block/block_int.h"
44 #include "block/blockjob.h"
45 #include "block/qapi.h"
46 #include "crypto/init.h"
47 #include "trace/control.h"
49 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
50 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
52 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
54 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
59 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
61 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
63 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
64 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
65 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
67 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
71 typedef enum OutputFormat {
76 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
77 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
79 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
84 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
88 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
91 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
94 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
98 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
100 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
103 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
105 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
108 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
109 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
111 const char *help_msg =
113 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
114 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
116 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
117 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
118 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
119 " specify tracing options\n"
122 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
124 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
127 "Command parameters:\n"
128 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
129 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
130 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
131 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
132 " encryption keys.\n"
133 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
134 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
135 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
136 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
137 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
138 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
139 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
140 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
141 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
142 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
143 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
144 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
145 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
146 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
148 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
149 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
151 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
152 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
153 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
154 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
155 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
156 " to open the backing file.\n"
157 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
158 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
159 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
160 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
161 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
162 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
163 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
165 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
166 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
167 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
169 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
170 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
171 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
172 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
173 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
175 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
176 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
177 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
178 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
180 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
181 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
182 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
183 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
184 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
185 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
187 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
188 " '-f' first image format\n"
189 " '-F' second image format\n"
190 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
192 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
193 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
195 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
196 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
197 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
198 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
200 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
201 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
202 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
206 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
208 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
209 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
215 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
217 .implied_opt_name = "file",
218 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
224 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
230 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
237 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
239 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
240 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
241 Error *local_err = NULL;
243 /* Find driver and parse its options */
244 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
246 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
250 if (!drv->create_opts) {
251 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
255 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
257 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
259 error_report_err(local_err);
260 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
263 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
264 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
265 proto_drv->format_name);
266 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
269 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
272 printf("Supported options:\n");
273 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts, false);
274 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
279 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
280 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
281 bool quiet, bool force_share)
284 Error *local_err = NULL;
286 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
288 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
289 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
290 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
291 qobject_unref(options);
294 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
296 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
298 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
301 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
306 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
308 const char *fmt, int flags,
309 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
313 Error *local_err = NULL;
316 options = qdict_new();
319 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
323 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
325 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
327 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
330 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
336 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
337 const char *name, const char *value,
340 QDict *options = opaque;
342 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
343 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
350 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
351 const char *filename,
352 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
353 bool quiet, bool force_share)
359 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
362 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
367 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
370 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
377 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
378 const char *base_filename,
379 const char *base_fmt)
384 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
386 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
393 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
395 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
404 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
409 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
413 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
419 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
422 uint64_t img_size = -1;
423 const char *fmt = "raw";
424 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
425 const char *filename;
426 const char *base_filename = NULL;
427 char *options = NULL;
428 Error *local_err = NULL;
433 static const struct option long_options[] = {
434 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
435 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
438 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
445 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
448 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
457 base_filename = optarg;
463 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
464 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
468 options = g_strdup(optarg);
470 char *old_options = options;
471 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
479 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
481 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
483 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
492 /* Get the filename */
493 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
494 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
496 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
499 if (optind >= argc) {
500 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
504 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
505 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
510 /* Get image size, if specified */
514 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
516 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
517 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
519 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
520 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
521 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
522 "petabytes and exabytes.");
526 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
528 if (optind != argc) {
529 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
532 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
533 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
535 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
547 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
551 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
553 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
554 visit_complete(v, &obj);
555 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
557 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
563 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
565 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
566 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
568 if (check->corruptions) {
569 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
570 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
577 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
578 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
582 if (check->check_errors) {
585 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
586 check->check_errors);
590 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
591 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
592 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
593 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
594 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
595 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
596 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
597 check->allocated_clusters);
600 if (check->image_end_offset) {
602 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
606 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
608 const char *filename,
613 BdrvCheckResult result;
615 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
620 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
621 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
622 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
623 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
624 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
625 check->leaks = result.leaks;
626 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
627 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
628 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
629 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
630 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
631 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
632 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
633 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
634 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
635 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
636 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
637 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
638 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
639 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
640 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
646 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
648 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
649 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
650 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
651 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
652 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
654 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
657 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
658 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
660 BlockDriverState *bs;
662 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
666 bool image_opts = false;
667 bool force_share = false;
671 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
674 int option_index = 0;
675 static const struct option long_options[] = {
676 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
677 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
678 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
679 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
680 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
681 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
682 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
685 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
686 long_options, &option_index);
692 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
695 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
704 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
706 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
707 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
708 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
709 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
711 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
712 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
727 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
729 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
735 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
740 if (optind != argc - 1) {
741 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
743 filename = argv[optind++];
745 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
746 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
747 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
748 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
750 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
754 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
755 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
760 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
762 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
766 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
773 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
774 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
776 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
777 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
782 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
783 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
785 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
786 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
788 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
790 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
791 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
792 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
793 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
795 check->corruptions_fixed);
798 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
800 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
801 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
805 switch (output_format) {
807 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
810 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
815 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
817 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
819 error_report("Check failed");
825 if (check->corruptions) {
827 } else if (check->leaks) {
834 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
839 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
840 BlockDriverState *bs;
842 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
844 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
846 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
849 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
853 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
855 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
858 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
861 float progress = 0.0f;
862 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
863 if (job->job.progress_total) {
864 progress = (float)job->job.progress_current /
865 job->job.progress_total * 100.f;
867 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
868 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
870 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
871 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
875 job_unref(&job->job);
876 aio_context_release(aio_context);
878 /* publish completion progress only when success */
880 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
884 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
887 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
889 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
891 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
893 Error *local_err = NULL;
894 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
895 bool image_opts = false;
896 AioContext *aio_context;
899 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
902 static const struct option long_options[] = {
903 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
904 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
905 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
908 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
915 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
918 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
943 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
945 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
951 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
957 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
962 if (optind != argc - 1) {
963 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
965 filename = argv[optind++];
967 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
968 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
973 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
974 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
976 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
980 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
987 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
988 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
991 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
993 error_setg(&local_err,
994 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
999 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1000 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1001 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1002 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1004 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1009 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1014 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1015 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1016 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1017 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1018 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1019 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1024 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1025 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1026 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1027 * counter here preemptively. */
1032 job = block_job_get("commit");
1034 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1039 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1040 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1042 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1054 qemu_progress_end();
1059 error_report_err(local_err);
1063 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1068 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1069 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1070 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1073 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1076 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1078 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1079 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1083 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1090 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1093 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1094 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1095 * The function will try to align the end offset to alignment boundaries so
1096 * that the request will at least end aligned and consequtive requests will
1097 * also start at an aligned offset.
1099 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1100 int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1109 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1110 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1112 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1117 tail = (sector_num + i) & (alignment - 1);
1119 if (is_zero && i <= tail) {
1120 /* treat unallocated areas which only consist
1121 * of a small tail as allocated. */
1125 /* align up end offset of allocated areas. */
1126 i += alignment - tail;
1129 /* align down end offset of zero areas. */
1138 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1139 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1140 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1142 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1143 int min, int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1146 int num_checked, num_used;
1152 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1158 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1160 sector_num += *pnum;
1161 num_checked = num_used;
1164 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1166 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1168 sector_num += *pnum;
1169 num_checked += *pnum;
1171 num_used = num_checked;
1172 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1182 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1183 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1185 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1186 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1188 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1189 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1192 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1196 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1198 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1200 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1210 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1213 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1215 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1216 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1217 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1220 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1221 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1222 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1223 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1224 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1225 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1227 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1228 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1229 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1234 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1236 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1237 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1240 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1242 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1251 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1253 * 0 - Images are identical
1255 * >1 - Error occurred
1257 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1259 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1260 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1261 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1262 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1263 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1264 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1265 int allocated1, allocated2;
1266 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1267 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1274 uint64_t progress_base;
1275 bool image_opts = false;
1276 bool force_share = false;
1278 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1280 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1281 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1282 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1283 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1284 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1287 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1288 long_options, NULL);
1294 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1297 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1323 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1325 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1332 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1338 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1344 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1345 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1347 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1348 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1350 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1351 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1357 /* Initialize before goto out */
1358 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1361 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1363 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1368 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1375 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1384 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1385 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1386 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1387 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1388 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1389 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1393 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1394 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1395 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1396 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1400 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1401 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1403 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1405 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1407 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1411 while (offset < total_size) {
1412 int status1, status2;
1414 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1415 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1419 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1422 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1424 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1425 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1429 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1432 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1434 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1435 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1438 if (status1 != status2) {
1440 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1441 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1445 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1447 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1451 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1452 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1454 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1456 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1460 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1462 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1464 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1468 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1469 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1470 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1471 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1477 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1479 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1480 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1482 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1483 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1490 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1493 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1494 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1495 const char *filename_over;
1497 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1498 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1500 filename_over = filename1;
1503 filename_over = filename2;
1506 while (offset < progress_base) {
1507 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1508 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1512 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1517 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1518 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1519 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1520 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1526 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1530 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1540 qemu_progress_end();
1545 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1551 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1553 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1555 int64_t *src_sectors;
1557 int64_t total_sectors;
1558 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1559 int64_t allocated_done;
1562 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1563 int64_t sector_next_status;
1564 BlockBackend *target;
1567 bool unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1568 bool target_has_backing;
1569 int64_t target_backing_sectors; /* negative if unknown */
1574 size_t cluster_sectors;
1576 long num_coroutines;
1577 int running_coroutines;
1578 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1579 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1584 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1585 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1588 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1589 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1590 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1592 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1596 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1598 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1599 int ret, n, src_cur;
1600 bool post_backing_zero = false;
1602 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1604 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1605 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1607 if (s->target_backing_sectors >= 0) {
1608 if (sector_num >= s->target_backing_sectors) {
1609 post_backing_zero = s->unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1610 } else if (sector_num + n > s->target_backing_sectors) {
1611 /* Split requests around target_backing_sectors (because
1612 * starting from there, zeros are handled differently) */
1613 n = s->target_backing_sectors - sector_num;
1617 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1618 int64_t count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1620 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1622 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1623 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1625 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1627 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1628 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1630 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1635 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1637 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1638 s->status = post_backing_zero ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_ZERO;
1639 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1640 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1642 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1645 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1648 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1649 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1650 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1653 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1654 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1655 * cluster allocated. */
1656 if (s->compressed) {
1657 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1658 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1659 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1661 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1668 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1669 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1675 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1676 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1679 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1681 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1682 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1683 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1684 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1685 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1686 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1688 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1690 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1691 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1693 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1694 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1695 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1702 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1709 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1710 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1711 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1717 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1719 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1722 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1723 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1724 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1725 * visible at the respective offset. */
1726 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1730 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1731 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1732 * it as zero sectors.
1733 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1734 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1736 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1738 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse,
1739 sector_num, s->alignment)) ||
1741 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1744 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1745 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1747 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1748 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
1757 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1758 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1761 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1762 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1763 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1772 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1778 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1783 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1786 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1789 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1790 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1791 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1792 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1794 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1796 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1797 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1798 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0, 0);
1809 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1811 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1812 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1816 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1817 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1824 s->running_coroutines++;
1825 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1830 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1833 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1834 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1835 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1838 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1840 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1844 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1845 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1847 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1848 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1850 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1851 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1853 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1855 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1856 s->allocated_done += n;
1857 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1858 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1862 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
1863 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
1864 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1866 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1867 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1870 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1872 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1875 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1876 /* keep writes in order */
1877 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1878 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1879 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1881 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1884 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1886 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
1888 s->copy_range = false;
1892 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1895 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1896 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1901 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1902 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1903 * for this write to complete */
1904 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1905 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1906 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1908 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1909 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1910 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1912 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1920 s->co[index] = NULL;
1921 s->running_coroutines--;
1922 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1923 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1928 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1931 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1933 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1934 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1935 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1938 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1939 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1941 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1943 s->has_zero_init = true;
1947 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1948 * can be copied at a time. */
1949 if (s->compressed) {
1950 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1951 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1954 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1957 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1958 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1962 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1964 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1970 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1971 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1973 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1974 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1975 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1976 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1977 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1980 while (s->running_coroutines) {
1981 main_loop_wait(false);
1984 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1985 /* signal EOF to align */
1986 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1995 #define MAX_BUF_SECTORS 32768
1997 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1999 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
2000 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
2001 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
2002 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2003 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
2004 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
2005 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
2006 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
2007 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2008 QDict *open_opts = NULL;
2009 char *options = NULL;
2010 Error *local_err = NULL;
2011 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
2012 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
2013 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
2014 bool force_share = false;
2015 bool explict_min_sparse = false;
2017 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
2018 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
2020 .copy_range = false,
2021 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2022 .wr_in_order = true,
2023 .num_coroutines = 8,
2027 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2028 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2029 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2030 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2031 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2032 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2035 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:Cco:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
2036 long_options, NULL);
2042 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2045 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2057 out_baseimg = optarg;
2060 s.copy_range = true;
2063 s.compressed = true;
2066 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2067 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2071 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2073 char *old_options = options;
2074 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2075 g_free(old_options);
2079 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2080 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2083 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2088 snapshot_name = optarg;
2095 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2096 if (sval < 0 || sval & (BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE - 1) ||
2097 sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE > MAX_BUF_SECTORS) {
2098 error_report("Invalid buffer size for sparse output specified. "
2099 "Valid sizes are multiples of %llu up to %llu. Select "
2100 "0 to disable sparse detection (fully allocates output).",
2101 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SECTORS * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2105 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2106 explict_min_sparse = true;
2125 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2126 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2127 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2128 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2133 s.wr_in_order = false;
2138 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2139 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2140 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2147 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2150 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2151 tgt_image_opts = true;
2156 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2160 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2161 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2166 if (s.compressed && s.copy_range) {
2167 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used");
2171 if (explict_min_sparse && s.copy_range) {
2172 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used");
2176 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2177 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2181 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2182 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2184 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2186 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2189 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2194 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2195 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2200 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2201 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2203 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2207 /* Initialize before goto out */
2211 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2212 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2214 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2215 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2217 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2218 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2219 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
2225 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2226 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2227 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2228 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2232 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2236 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2237 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2238 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2240 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2241 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2242 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2247 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2251 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2257 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2258 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2260 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2265 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2267 error_report_err(local_err);
2272 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2273 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2279 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2280 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2281 proto_drv->format_name);
2286 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2287 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2289 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2291 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2293 error_report_err(local_err);
2299 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2301 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2307 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2308 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2309 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2310 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2312 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2314 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2315 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2316 "concatenating multiple input images");
2321 /* Check if compression is supported */
2324 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2325 const char *encryptfmt =
2326 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2327 const char *preallocation =
2328 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2330 if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2331 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2336 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2337 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2344 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2346 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2354 * The later open call will need any decryption secrets, and
2355 * bdrv_create() will purge "opts", so extract them now before
2359 open_opts = qdict_new();
2360 qemu_opt_foreach(opts, img_add_key_secrets, open_opts, &error_abort);
2364 /* Create the new image */
2365 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2367 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2368 out_filename, out_fmt);
2373 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2374 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2376 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2381 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2382 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2384 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2385 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2386 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2387 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2389 s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, open_opts, out_fmt,
2390 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2391 open_opts = NULL; /* blk_new_open will have freed it */
2397 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2399 if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2400 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2405 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2406 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to
2407 * MAX_BUF_SECTORS as maximum which is currently 32768 (16MB). */
2408 s.buf_sectors = MIN(MAX_BUF_SECTORS,
2410 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2411 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2412 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2414 /* try to align the write requests to the destination to avoid unnecessary
2416 s.alignment = MAX(pow2floor(s.min_sparse),
2417 DIV_ROUND_UP(out_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2419 assert(is_power_of_2(s.alignment));
2422 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2423 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2424 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2425 strerror(-output_sectors));
2428 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2429 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2435 if (s.target_has_backing) {
2436 /* Errors are treated as "backing length unknown" (which means
2437 * s.target_backing_sectors has to be negative, which it will
2438 * be automatically). The backing file length is used only
2439 * for optimizations, so such a case is not fatal. */
2440 s.target_backing_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(out_bs->backing->bs);
2442 s.target_backing_sectors = -1;
2445 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2448 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2452 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2453 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2454 s.unallocated_blocks_are_zero = bdi.unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
2457 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2460 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2462 qemu_progress_end();
2463 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2464 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2465 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2466 qobject_unref(open_opts);
2467 blk_unref(s.target);
2469 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2470 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2474 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2482 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2484 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2487 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2490 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2491 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2493 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2495 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2501 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2505 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2507 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2508 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2509 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2510 assert(str != NULL);
2511 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2517 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2521 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2523 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2524 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2525 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2526 assert(str != NULL);
2527 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2533 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2535 ImageInfoList *elem;
2538 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2544 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2548 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2550 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2554 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2556 * @filename: topmost image filename
2557 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2558 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2559 * false - only topmost image file
2561 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2562 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2565 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2566 const char *filename,
2568 bool chain, bool force_share)
2570 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2571 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2572 GHashTable *filenames;
2575 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2579 BlockDriverState *bs;
2581 ImageInfoList *elem;
2583 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2584 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2588 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2590 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2591 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2598 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2600 error_report_err(err);
2605 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2612 filename = fmt = NULL;
2614 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2615 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2616 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2617 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2618 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2619 info->backing_filename);
2622 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2623 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2627 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2631 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2632 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2636 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2639 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2641 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2642 ImageInfoList *list;
2643 bool image_opts = false;
2644 bool force_share = false;
2649 int option_index = 0;
2650 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2651 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2652 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2653 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2654 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2655 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2656 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2657 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2660 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2661 long_options, &option_index);
2667 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2670 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2684 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2687 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2689 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2695 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2700 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2701 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2703 filename = argv[optind++];
2705 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2706 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2707 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2708 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2709 } else if (output) {
2710 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2714 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2715 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2720 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2726 switch (output_format) {
2728 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2732 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2734 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2739 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2743 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2746 switch (output_format) {
2748 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2749 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2752 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2753 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2754 e->start, e->length,
2755 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2756 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2758 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2759 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2761 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2767 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2768 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2769 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2770 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2771 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2772 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2773 if (e->has_offset) {
2774 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2785 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2786 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
2790 BlockDriverState *file;
2794 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2795 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2801 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
2806 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2809 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2818 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2823 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2824 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2826 .has_offset = has_offset,
2828 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2829 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2835 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2837 if (curr->length == 0) {
2840 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2841 curr->data != next->data ||
2842 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2843 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2844 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2847 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2850 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2856 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2859 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2861 BlockDriverState *bs;
2862 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2864 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2866 bool image_opts = false;
2867 bool force_share = false;
2872 int option_index = 0;
2873 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2874 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2875 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2876 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2877 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2878 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2879 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2882 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2883 long_options, &option_index);
2889 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2892 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2906 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2908 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2914 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2919 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2920 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2922 filename = argv[optind];
2924 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2925 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2926 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2927 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2928 } else if (output) {
2929 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2933 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2934 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2939 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
2945 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2946 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2949 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2950 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2951 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
2954 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2955 n = MIN(1 << 30, length - offset);
2956 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
2959 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2963 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2964 curr.length += next.length;
2968 if (curr.length > 0) {
2969 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2974 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2981 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2982 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2983 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2984 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2986 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2989 BlockDriverState *bs;
2990 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2991 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2992 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2997 bool image_opts = false;
2998 bool force_share = false;
3000 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3001 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3003 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3004 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3005 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3006 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3007 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3010 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
3011 long_options, NULL);
3017 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3020 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3027 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3030 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
3031 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
3035 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3038 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
3039 snapshot_name = optarg;
3043 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3046 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
3047 snapshot_name = optarg;
3051 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3054 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
3055 snapshot_name = optarg;
3063 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3065 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3071 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3077 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3078 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3080 filename = argv[optind++];
3082 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3083 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3088 /* Open the image */
3089 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3096 /* Perform the requested action */
3102 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3103 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3104 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3106 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3107 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3108 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3110 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3112 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3113 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3117 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3118 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3120 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3125 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3126 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3128 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3143 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3145 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3146 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3147 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3148 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3150 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3151 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3152 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3154 bool force_share = false;
3157 Error *local_err = NULL;
3158 bool image_opts = false;
3160 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3162 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3163 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3167 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3168 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3169 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3170 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3171 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3174 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3175 long_options, NULL);
3181 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3184 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3193 out_basefmt = optarg;
3196 out_baseimg = optarg;
3213 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3215 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3221 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3234 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3235 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3237 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3238 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3240 filename = argv[optind++];
3242 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3243 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3248 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3249 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3251 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3252 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3254 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3259 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3261 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3265 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3266 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3267 (void) src_writethrough;
3272 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3273 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3275 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3283 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3284 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3285 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3291 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3293 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3294 QDict *options = NULL;
3296 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3297 options = qdict_new();
3298 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
3303 options = qdict_new();
3305 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3307 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3308 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3309 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3310 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3311 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3312 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3318 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3319 const char *overlay_filename;
3320 char *out_real_path;
3322 options = qdict_new();
3324 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3327 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3330 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3332 out_real_path = g_malloc(PATH_MAX);
3334 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3340 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3341 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3343 g_free(out_real_path);
3347 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3348 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3349 g_free(out_real_path);
3350 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3351 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3352 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3361 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3362 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3363 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3364 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3366 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3367 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3371 int64_t old_backing_size;
3372 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3375 float local_progress = 0;
3377 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3378 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3380 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3382 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3383 filename, strerror(-size));
3387 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3388 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3389 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3391 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3392 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3393 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3397 if (blk_new_backing) {
3398 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3399 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3400 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3401 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3408 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3411 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3412 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3413 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3415 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3416 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3418 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3427 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3428 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3430 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3431 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3433 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3434 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3437 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3439 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3444 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3445 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3447 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3448 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3451 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3453 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3458 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3459 uint64_t written = 0;
3461 while (written < n) {
3464 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3465 n - written, &pnum))
3467 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3468 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3470 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3478 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3483 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3484 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3485 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3487 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3488 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3490 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3493 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3494 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3495 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3496 } else if (ret < 0) {
3497 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3498 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3501 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3503 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3504 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3505 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3506 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3509 qemu_progress_end();
3512 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3513 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3515 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3516 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3525 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3528 int c, ret, relative;
3529 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3530 int64_t n, total_size, current_size, new_size;
3532 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3533 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3536 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3537 .name = "resize_options",
3538 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3541 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3542 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3543 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3549 bool image_opts = false;
3550 bool shrink = false;
3552 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3553 * as options by getopt. */
3555 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3559 size = argv[--argc];
3561 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3564 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3565 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3566 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3567 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3568 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3569 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3572 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3573 long_options, NULL);
3579 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3582 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3593 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3595 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3601 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3604 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3605 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3606 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3607 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3608 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3617 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3618 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3620 filename = argv[optind++];
3622 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3623 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3628 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3644 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3645 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3647 error_report_err(err);
3649 qemu_opts_del(param);
3652 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3653 qemu_opts_del(param);
3655 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3656 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3663 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3664 if (current_size < 0) {
3665 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3666 strerror(-current_size));
3672 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3676 if (total_size <= 0) {
3677 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3682 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3683 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
3688 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
3689 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
3690 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
3691 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
3693 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
3695 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
3699 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
3700 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
3701 "shrink images without this option.");
3705 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, prealloc, &err);
3707 error_report_err(err);
3711 new_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3713 error_report("Failed to verify truncated image length: %s",
3714 strerror(-new_size));
3719 /* Some block drivers implement a truncation method, but only so
3720 * the user can cause qemu to refresh the image's size from disk.
3721 * The idea is that the user resizes the image outside of qemu and
3722 * then invokes block_resize to inform qemu about it.
3723 * (This includes iscsi and file-posix for device files.)
3724 * Of course, that is not the behavior someone invoking
3725 * qemu-img resize would find useful, so we catch that behavior
3726 * here and tell the user. */
3727 if (new_size != total_size && new_size == current_size) {
3728 error_report("Image was not resized; resizing may not be supported "
3734 if (new_size != total_size) {
3735 warn_report("Image should have been resized to %" PRIi64
3736 " bytes, but was resized to %" PRIi64 " bytes",
3737 total_size, new_size);
3740 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3750 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3751 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3754 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3757 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
3761 /* Find driver and parse its options */
3762 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
3764 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
3768 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
3769 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
3774 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
3775 assert(drv->create_opts);
3777 printf("Creation options for '%s':\n", format);
3778 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->create_opts, false);
3779 printf("\nNote that not all of these options may be amendable.\n");
3783 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3787 char *options = NULL;
3788 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3789 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3790 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3793 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3794 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3795 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3796 bool image_opts = false;
3798 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3800 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3801 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3802 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3803 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3806 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3807 long_options, NULL);
3814 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3817 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3823 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3824 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3826 goto out_no_progress;
3829 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3831 char *old_options = options;
3832 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3833 g_free(old_options);
3849 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3853 goto out_no_progress;
3856 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3863 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3866 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3867 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3870 goto out_no_progress;
3876 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3878 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3879 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3880 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3881 * given), print option help here */
3882 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
3886 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3887 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3892 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3893 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3895 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3899 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3907 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3909 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3910 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3911 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
3915 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
3916 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
3922 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
3923 assert(bs->drv->create_opts);
3925 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3926 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3927 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3929 error_report_err(err);
3934 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3935 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3936 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, &err);
3937 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3939 error_report_err(err);
3944 qemu_progress_end();
3948 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3949 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3958 typedef struct BenchData {
3960 uint64_t image_size;
3967 bool drain_on_flush;
3976 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3979 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3984 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3986 BenchData *b = opaque;
3990 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3995 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3996 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3997 b->in_flush = false;
3998 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3999 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
4004 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
4005 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
4006 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
4007 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
4009 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4013 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
4016 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
4018 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
4022 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4028 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
4029 int64_t offset = b->offset;
4030 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
4031 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
4032 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
4035 b->offset += b->step;
4036 b->offset %= b->image_size;
4038 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4040 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4043 error_report("Failed to issue request");
4049 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
4052 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
4054 bool image_opts = false;
4055 bool is_write = false;
4059 size_t bufsize = 4096;
4062 int flush_interval = 0;
4063 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4065 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4066 BenchData data = {};
4068 bool writethrough = false;
4069 struct timeval t1, t2;
4071 bool force_share = false;
4075 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4076 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4077 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4078 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4079 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4080 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4081 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4084 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
4091 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4094 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4103 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4104 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4114 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4115 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4125 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4129 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
4131 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
4144 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4145 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4146 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
4157 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4158 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4159 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
4167 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4169 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4175 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4181 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4185 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4186 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4192 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4196 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4197 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4200 flush_interval = res;
4203 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4204 drain_on_flush = false;
4206 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4212 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4213 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4215 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4217 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4218 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4222 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4223 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4228 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4235 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4236 if (image_size < 0) {
4241 data = (BenchData) {
4243 .image_size = image_size,
4245 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4250 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4251 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4253 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4254 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4255 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4256 data.offset, data.step);
4257 if (flush_interval) {
4258 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4261 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4262 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4263 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4265 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4267 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4268 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4269 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4270 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4271 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4274 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4277 while (data.n > 0) {
4278 main_loop_wait(false);
4280 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4282 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4283 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4284 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4288 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4290 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4311 int bsz; /* Block size */
4319 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4323 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4324 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4331 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4332 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4335 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4340 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4341 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4344 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4346 if (dd->count < 0) {
4347 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4354 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4355 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4358 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4363 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4364 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4367 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4372 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4373 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4376 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4378 if (in->offset < 0) {
4379 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4386 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4391 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4392 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4393 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4394 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4395 Error *local_err = NULL;
4396 bool image_opts = false;
4398 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4399 const char *fmt = NULL;
4401 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4402 bool force_share = false;
4403 struct DdInfo dd = {
4408 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4420 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4421 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4422 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4423 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4424 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4425 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4428 const struct option long_options[] = {
4429 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4430 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4431 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4432 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4436 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4448 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4451 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4460 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4465 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4471 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4473 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4475 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4477 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4484 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4485 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4489 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4490 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4495 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4499 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4504 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4505 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4510 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4511 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4517 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4525 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4527 error_report("Unknown file format");
4531 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4534 error_report_err(local_err);
4538 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4539 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4544 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4545 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4546 proto_drv->format_name);
4550 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4551 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4553 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4555 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4557 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4562 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4563 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4564 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4567 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4568 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4569 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4570 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4572 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4573 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4576 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4578 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4579 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4585 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4586 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4587 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4588 * support image-opts style.
4590 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4591 false, false, false);
4598 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4599 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4600 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4601 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4603 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4606 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4609 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4611 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4612 int in_ret, out_ret;
4614 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4615 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4617 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4620 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4627 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4630 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4631 strerror(-out_ret));
4640 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4641 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4644 g_free(in.filename);
4645 g_free(out.filename);
4655 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
4659 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
4661 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
4662 visit_complete(v, &obj);
4663 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
4664 assert(str != NULL);
4665 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
4671 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
4673 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4674 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4675 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4676 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4677 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
4678 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
4679 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4682 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4683 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
4685 const char *filename = NULL;
4686 const char *fmt = NULL;
4687 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4688 char *options = NULL;
4689 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
4690 bool force_share = false;
4691 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4692 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
4693 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
4694 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4695 bool image_opts = false;
4696 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
4697 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
4698 Error *local_err = NULL;
4702 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
4703 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4716 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
4717 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
4721 options = g_strdup(optarg);
4723 char *old_options = options;
4724 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
4725 g_free(old_options);
4729 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
4730 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
4733 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
4738 snapshot_name = optarg;
4745 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4751 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4755 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
4756 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
4757 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
4758 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4760 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
4769 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4771 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
4772 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
4774 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
4775 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
4776 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
4777 "petabytes and exabytes.");
4781 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
4787 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4788 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4793 if (argc - optind > 1) {
4794 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
4796 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
4797 filename = argv[optind];
4801 (object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
4802 error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
4803 "require a filename argument.");
4806 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4807 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
4810 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
4811 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
4816 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
4817 false, false, force_share);
4823 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
4824 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
4825 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
4827 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
4828 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
4829 snapshot_name, &local_err);
4832 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
4837 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4839 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4842 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4843 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4848 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4849 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
4850 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4852 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
4854 error_report_err(local_err);
4855 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4859 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4860 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
4863 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
4865 error_report_err(local_err);
4869 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
4870 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
4871 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
4873 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
4879 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
4880 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
4881 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4882 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
4883 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4889 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4890 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4891 { option, callback },
4892 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4897 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4899 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4900 const char *cmdname;
4901 Error *local_error = NULL;
4902 char *trace_file = NULL;
4904 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4905 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4906 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4907 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4912 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4915 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4916 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
4917 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4919 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4920 error_report_err(local_error);
4924 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4926 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4929 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4932 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4933 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4934 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4936 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4939 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4942 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4948 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4952 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4957 cmdname = argv[optind];
4959 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4965 qemu_reset_optind();
4967 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4970 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4971 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4973 /* find the command */
4974 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4975 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4976 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4981 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);