2 * Block driver for RAW files (posix)
4 * Copyright (c) 2006 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu-common.h"
27 #include "qapi/error.h"
28 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "block/block_int.h"
31 #include "qemu/module.h"
32 #include "qemu/option.h"
34 #include "block/thread-pool.h"
36 #include "block/raw-aio.h"
37 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
38 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
40 #include "scsi/pr-manager.h"
41 #include "scsi/constants.h"
43 #if defined(__APPLE__) && (__MACH__)
45 #include <sys/param.h>
46 #include <IOKit/IOKitLib.h>
47 #include <IOKit/IOBSD.h>
48 #include <IOKit/storage/IOMediaBSDClient.h>
49 #include <IOKit/storage/IOMedia.h>
50 #include <IOKit/storage/IOCDMedia.h>
51 //#include <IOKit/storage/IOCDTypes.h>
52 #include <IOKit/storage/IODVDMedia.h>
53 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
57 #define _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS 1
61 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
62 #include <sys/param.h>
63 #include <sys/syscall.h>
64 #include <linux/cdrom.h>
67 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
73 #define FS_NOCOW_FL 0x00800000 /* Do not cow file */
76 #if defined(CONFIG_FALLOCATE_PUNCH_HOLE) || defined(CONFIG_FALLOCATE_ZERO_RANGE)
77 #include <linux/falloc.h>
79 #if defined (__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
85 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
86 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
91 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
92 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
98 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
99 #include <sys/diskslice.h>
108 /* OS X does not have O_DSYNC */
111 #define O_DSYNC O_SYNC
112 #elif defined(O_FSYNC)
113 #define O_DSYNC O_FSYNC
117 /* Approximate O_DIRECT with O_DSYNC if O_DIRECT isn't available */
119 #define O_DIRECT O_DSYNC
125 #define MAX_BLOCKSIZE 4096
127 /* Posix file locking bytes. Libvirt takes byte 0, we start from higher bytes,
128 * leaving a few more bytes for its future use. */
129 #define RAW_LOCK_PERM_BASE 100
130 #define RAW_LOCK_SHARED_BASE 200
132 typedef struct BDRVRawState {
139 /* The current permissions. */
141 uint64_t shared_perm;
143 /* The perms bits whose corresponding bytes are already locked in
145 uint64_t locked_perm;
146 uint64_t locked_shared_perm;
149 int perm_change_flags;
150 BDRVReopenState *reopen_state;
156 bool has_write_zeroes:1;
157 bool discard_zeroes:1;
158 bool use_linux_aio:1;
159 bool page_cache_inconsistent:1;
161 bool needs_alignment;
163 bool check_cache_dropped;
168 typedef struct BDRVRawReopenState {
172 bool check_cache_dropped;
173 } BDRVRawReopenState;
175 static int fd_open(BlockDriverState *bs);
176 static int64_t raw_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs);
178 typedef struct RawPosixAIOData {
179 BlockDriverState *bs;
200 PreallocMode prealloc;
206 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
207 static int cdrom_reopen(BlockDriverState *bs);
210 #if defined(__NetBSD__)
211 static int raw_normalize_devicepath(const char **filename, Error **errp)
213 static char namebuf[PATH_MAX];
214 const char *dp, *fname;
218 dp = strrchr(fname, '/');
219 if (lstat(fname, &sb) < 0) {
220 error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, fname);
224 if (!S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
229 snprintf(namebuf, PATH_MAX, "r%s", fname);
231 snprintf(namebuf, PATH_MAX, "%.*s/r%s",
232 (int)(dp - fname), fname, dp + 1);
235 warn_report("%s is a block device, using %s", fname, *filename);
240 static int raw_normalize_devicepath(const char **filename, Error **errp)
247 * Get logical block size via ioctl. On success store it in @sector_size_p.
249 static int probe_logical_blocksize(int fd, unsigned int *sector_size_p)
251 unsigned int sector_size;
252 bool success = false;
256 static const unsigned long ioctl_list[] = {
260 #ifdef DKIOCGETBLOCKSIZE
263 #ifdef DIOCGSECTORSIZE
268 /* Try a few ioctls to get the right size */
269 for (i = 0; i < (int)ARRAY_SIZE(ioctl_list); i++) {
270 if (ioctl(fd, ioctl_list[i], §or_size) >= 0) {
271 *sector_size_p = sector_size;
276 return success ? 0 : -errno;
280 * Get physical block size of @fd.
281 * On success, store it in @blk_size and return 0.
282 * On failure, return -errno.
284 static int probe_physical_blocksize(int fd, unsigned int *blk_size)
287 if (ioctl(fd, BLKPBSZGET, blk_size) < 0) {
296 /* Check if read is allowed with given memory buffer and length.
298 * This function is used to check O_DIRECT memory buffer and request alignment.
300 static bool raw_is_io_aligned(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
302 ssize_t ret = pread(fd, buf, len, 0);
309 /* The Linux kernel returns EINVAL for misaligned O_DIRECT reads. Ignore
310 * other errors (e.g. real I/O error), which could happen on a failed
311 * drive, since we only care about probing alignment.
313 if (errno != EINVAL) {
321 static void raw_probe_alignment(BlockDriverState *bs, int fd, Error **errp)
323 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
325 size_t max_align = MAX(MAX_BLOCKSIZE, getpagesize());
326 size_t alignments[] = {1, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096};
328 /* For SCSI generic devices the alignment is not really used.
329 With buffered I/O, we don't have any restrictions. */
330 if (bdrv_is_sg(bs) || !s->needs_alignment) {
331 bs->bl.request_alignment = 1;
336 bs->bl.request_alignment = 0;
338 /* Let's try to use the logical blocksize for the alignment. */
339 if (probe_logical_blocksize(fd, &bs->bl.request_alignment) < 0) {
340 bs->bl.request_alignment = 0;
345 if (xfsctl(NULL, fd, XFS_IOC_DIOINFO, &da) >= 0) {
346 bs->bl.request_alignment = da.d_miniosz;
347 /* The kernel returns wrong information for d_mem */
348 /* s->buf_align = da.d_mem; */
354 * If we could not get the sizes so far, we can only guess them. First try
355 * to detect request alignment, since it is more likely to succeed. Then
356 * try to detect buf_align, which cannot be detected in some cases (e.g.
357 * Gluster). If buf_align cannot be detected, we fallback to the value of
361 if (!bs->bl.request_alignment) {
364 buf = qemu_memalign(max_align, max_align);
365 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(alignments); i++) {
366 align = alignments[i];
367 if (raw_is_io_aligned(fd, buf, align)) {
368 /* Fallback to safe value. */
369 bs->bl.request_alignment = (align != 1) ? align : max_align;
379 buf = qemu_memalign(max_align, 2 * max_align);
380 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(alignments); i++) {
381 align = alignments[i];
382 if (raw_is_io_aligned(fd, buf + align, max_align)) {
383 /* Fallback to request_alignment. */
384 s->buf_align = (align != 1) ? align : bs->bl.request_alignment;
391 if (!s->buf_align || !bs->bl.request_alignment) {
392 error_setg(errp, "Could not find working O_DIRECT alignment");
393 error_append_hint(errp, "Try cache.direct=off\n");
397 static void raw_parse_flags(int bdrv_flags, int *open_flags, bool has_writers)
399 bool read_write = false;
400 assert(open_flags != NULL);
402 *open_flags |= O_BINARY;
403 *open_flags &= ~O_ACCMODE;
405 if (bdrv_flags & BDRV_O_AUTO_RDONLY) {
406 read_write = has_writers;
407 } else if (bdrv_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) {
412 *open_flags |= O_RDWR;
414 *open_flags |= O_RDONLY;
417 /* Use O_DSYNC for write-through caching, no flags for write-back caching,
418 * and O_DIRECT for no caching. */
419 if ((bdrv_flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE)) {
420 *open_flags |= O_DIRECT;
424 static void raw_parse_filename(const char *filename, QDict *options,
427 bdrv_parse_filename_strip_prefix(filename, "file:", options);
430 static QemuOptsList raw_runtime_opts = {
432 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(raw_runtime_opts.head),
436 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
437 .help = "File name of the image",
441 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
442 .help = "host AIO implementation (threads, native)",
446 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
447 .help = "file locking mode (on/off/auto, default: auto)",
450 .name = "pr-manager",
451 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
452 .help = "id of persistent reservation manager object (default: none)",
454 #if defined(__linux__)
456 .name = "drop-cache",
457 .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
458 .help = "invalidate page cache during live migration (default: on)",
462 .name = "x-check-cache-dropped",
463 .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
464 .help = "check that page cache was dropped on live migration (default: off)"
466 { /* end of list */ }
470 static const char *const mutable_opts[] = { "x-check-cache-dropped", NULL };
472 static int raw_open_common(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options,
473 int bdrv_flags, int open_flags,
474 bool device, Error **errp)
476 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
478 Error *local_err = NULL;
479 const char *filename = NULL;
481 BlockdevAioOptions aio, aio_default;
486 opts = qemu_opts_create(&raw_runtime_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
487 qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(opts, options, &local_err);
489 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
494 filename = qemu_opt_get(opts, "filename");
496 ret = raw_normalize_devicepath(&filename, errp);
501 aio_default = (bdrv_flags & BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO)
502 ? BLOCKDEV_AIO_OPTIONS_NATIVE
503 : BLOCKDEV_AIO_OPTIONS_THREADS;
504 aio = qapi_enum_parse(&BlockdevAioOptions_lookup,
505 qemu_opt_get(opts, "aio"),
506 aio_default, &local_err);
508 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
512 s->use_linux_aio = (aio == BLOCKDEV_AIO_OPTIONS_NATIVE);
514 locking = qapi_enum_parse(&OnOffAuto_lookup,
515 qemu_opt_get(opts, "locking"),
516 ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO, &local_err);
518 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
525 if (!qemu_has_ofd_lock()) {
526 warn_report("File lock requested but OFD locking syscall is "
527 "unavailable, falling back to POSIX file locks");
528 error_printf("Due to the implementation, locks can be lost "
532 case ON_OFF_AUTO_OFF:
535 case ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO:
536 s->use_lock = qemu_has_ofd_lock();
542 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "pr-manager");
544 s->pr_mgr = pr_manager_lookup(str, &local_err);
546 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
552 s->drop_cache = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "drop-cache", true);
553 s->check_cache_dropped = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "x-check-cache-dropped",
556 s->open_flags = open_flags;
557 raw_parse_flags(bdrv_flags, &s->open_flags, false);
560 fd = qemu_open(filename, s->open_flags, 0644);
561 ret = fd < 0 ? -errno : 0;
564 error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, filename);
573 s->shared_perm = BLK_PERM_ALL;
575 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
576 /* Currently Linux does AIO only for files opened with O_DIRECT */
577 if (s->use_linux_aio) {
578 if (!(s->open_flags & O_DIRECT)) {
579 error_setg(errp, "aio=native was specified, but it requires "
580 "cache.direct=on, which was not specified.");
584 if (!aio_setup_linux_aio(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs), errp)) {
585 error_prepend(errp, "Unable to use native AIO: ");
590 if (s->use_linux_aio) {
591 error_setg(errp, "aio=native was specified, but is not supported "
596 #endif /* !defined(CONFIG_LINUX_AIO) */
598 s->has_discard = true;
599 s->has_write_zeroes = true;
600 if ((bs->open_flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE) != 0) {
601 s->needs_alignment = true;
604 if (fstat(s->fd, &st) < 0) {
606 error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "Could not stat file");
611 if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
612 warn_report("Opening a block device as a file using the '%s' "
613 "driver is deprecated", bs->drv->format_name);
614 } else if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
615 warn_report("Opening a character device as a file using the '%s' "
616 "driver is deprecated", bs->drv->format_name);
617 } else if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
618 error_setg(errp, "A regular file was expected by the '%s' driver, "
619 "but something else was given", bs->drv->format_name);
623 s->discard_zeroes = true;
624 s->has_fallocate = true;
627 if (!(S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st.st_mode))) {
628 error_setg(errp, "'%s' driver expects either "
629 "a character or block device", bs->drv->format_name);
635 if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
636 #ifdef BLKDISCARDZEROES
638 if (ioctl(s->fd, BLKDISCARDZEROES, &arg) == 0 && arg) {
639 s->discard_zeroes = true;
643 /* On Linux 3.10, BLKDISCARD leaves stale data in the page cache. Do
644 * not rely on the contents of discarded blocks unless using O_DIRECT.
645 * Same for BLKZEROOUT.
647 if (!(bs->open_flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE)) {
648 s->discard_zeroes = false;
649 s->has_write_zeroes = false;
654 if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
656 * The file is a char device (disk), which on FreeBSD isn't behind
657 * a pager, so force all requests to be aligned. This is needed
658 * so QEMU makes sure all IO operations on the device are aligned
659 * to sector size, or else FreeBSD will reject them with EINVAL.
661 s->needs_alignment = true;
666 if (platform_test_xfs_fd(s->fd)) {
671 bs->supported_zero_flags = BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP | BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK;
674 if (filename && (bdrv_flags & BDRV_O_TEMPORARY)) {
681 static int raw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
684 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
686 s->type = FTYPE_FILE;
687 return raw_open_common(bs, options, flags, 0, false, errp);
696 #define PERM_FOREACH(i) \
697 for ((i) = 0; (1ULL << (i)) <= BLK_PERM_ALL; i++)
699 /* Lock bytes indicated by @perm_lock_bits and @shared_perm_lock_bits in the
700 * file; if @unlock == true, also unlock the unneeded bytes.
701 * @shared_perm_lock_bits is the mask of all permissions that are NOT shared.
703 static int raw_apply_lock_bytes(BDRVRawState *s, int fd,
704 uint64_t perm_lock_bits,
705 uint64_t shared_perm_lock_bits,
706 bool unlock, Error **errp)
710 uint64_t locked_perm, locked_shared_perm;
713 locked_perm = s->locked_perm;
714 locked_shared_perm = s->locked_shared_perm;
717 * We don't have the previous bits, just lock/unlock for each of the
721 locked_perm = BLK_PERM_ALL;
722 locked_shared_perm = BLK_PERM_ALL;
725 locked_shared_perm = 0;
730 int off = RAW_LOCK_PERM_BASE + i;
731 uint64_t bit = (1ULL << i);
732 if ((perm_lock_bits & bit) && !(locked_perm & bit)) {
733 ret = qemu_lock_fd(fd, off, 1, false);
735 error_setg(errp, "Failed to lock byte %d", off);
738 s->locked_perm |= bit;
740 } else if (unlock && (locked_perm & bit) && !(perm_lock_bits & bit)) {
741 ret = qemu_unlock_fd(fd, off, 1);
743 error_setg(errp, "Failed to unlock byte %d", off);
746 s->locked_perm &= ~bit;
751 int off = RAW_LOCK_SHARED_BASE + i;
752 uint64_t bit = (1ULL << i);
753 if ((shared_perm_lock_bits & bit) && !(locked_shared_perm & bit)) {
754 ret = qemu_lock_fd(fd, off, 1, false);
756 error_setg(errp, "Failed to lock byte %d", off);
759 s->locked_shared_perm |= bit;
761 } else if (unlock && (locked_shared_perm & bit) &&
762 !(shared_perm_lock_bits & bit)) {
763 ret = qemu_unlock_fd(fd, off, 1);
765 error_setg(errp, "Failed to unlock byte %d", off);
768 s->locked_shared_perm &= ~bit;
775 /* Check "unshared" bytes implied by @perm and ~@shared_perm in the file. */
776 static int raw_check_lock_bytes(int fd, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared_perm,
783 int off = RAW_LOCK_SHARED_BASE + i;
784 uint64_t p = 1ULL << i;
786 ret = qemu_lock_fd_test(fd, off, 1, true);
788 char *perm_name = bdrv_perm_names(p);
790 "Failed to get \"%s\" lock",
798 int off = RAW_LOCK_PERM_BASE + i;
799 uint64_t p = 1ULL << i;
800 if (!(shared_perm & p)) {
801 ret = qemu_lock_fd_test(fd, off, 1, true);
803 char *perm_name = bdrv_perm_names(p);
805 "Failed to get shared \"%s\" lock",
815 static int raw_handle_perm_lock(BlockDriverState *bs,
817 uint64_t new_perm, uint64_t new_shared,
820 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
822 Error *local_err = NULL;
828 if (bdrv_get_flags(bs) & BDRV_O_INACTIVE) {
834 if ((s->perm | new_perm) == s->perm &&
835 (s->shared_perm & new_shared) == s->shared_perm)
838 * We are going to unlock bytes, it should not fail. If it fail due
839 * to some fs-dependent permission-unrelated reasons (which occurs
840 * sometimes on NFS and leads to abort in bdrv_replace_child) we
841 * can't prevent such errors by any check here. And we ignore them
842 * anyway in ABORT and COMMIT.
846 ret = raw_apply_lock_bytes(s, s->fd, s->perm | new_perm,
847 ~s->shared_perm | ~new_shared,
850 ret = raw_check_lock_bytes(s->fd, new_perm, new_shared, errp);
854 error_append_hint(errp,
855 "Is another process using the image [%s]?\n",
859 /* fall through to unlock bytes. */
861 raw_apply_lock_bytes(s, s->fd, s->perm, ~s->shared_perm,
864 /* Theoretically the above call only unlocks bytes and it cannot
865 * fail. Something weird happened, report it.
867 warn_report_err(local_err);
871 raw_apply_lock_bytes(s, s->fd, new_perm, ~new_shared,
874 /* Theoretically the above call only unlocks bytes and it cannot
875 * fail. Something weird happened, report it.
877 warn_report_err(local_err);
884 static int raw_reconfigure_getfd(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags,
885 int *open_flags, uint64_t perm, bool force_dup,
888 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
891 bool has_writers = perm &
892 (BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_WRITE_UNCHANGED | BLK_PERM_RESIZE);
893 int fcntl_flags = O_APPEND | O_NONBLOCK;
895 fcntl_flags |= O_NOATIME;
899 if (s->type == FTYPE_CD) {
900 *open_flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
903 raw_parse_flags(flags, open_flags, has_writers);
906 /* Not all operating systems have O_ASYNC, and those that don't
907 * will not let us track the state into rs->open_flags (typically
908 * you achieve the same effect with an ioctl, for example I_SETSIG
909 * on Solaris). But we do not use O_ASYNC, so that's fine.
911 assert((s->open_flags & O_ASYNC) == 0);
914 if (!force_dup && *open_flags == s->open_flags) {
915 /* We're lucky, the existing fd is fine */
919 if ((*open_flags & ~fcntl_flags) == (s->open_flags & ~fcntl_flags)) {
920 /* dup the original fd */
921 fd = qemu_dup(s->fd);
923 ret = fcntl_setfl(fd, *open_flags);
931 /* If we cannot use fcntl, or fcntl failed, fall back to qemu_open() */
933 const char *normalized_filename = bs->filename;
934 ret = raw_normalize_devicepath(&normalized_filename, errp);
936 assert(!(*open_flags & O_CREAT));
937 fd = qemu_open(normalized_filename, *open_flags);
939 error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "Could not reopen file");
948 static int raw_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state,
949 BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp)
952 BDRVRawReopenState *rs;
955 Error *local_err = NULL;
957 assert(state != NULL);
958 assert(state->bs != NULL);
960 s = state->bs->opaque;
962 state->opaque = g_new0(BDRVRawReopenState, 1);
965 /* Handle options changes */
966 opts = qemu_opts_create(&raw_runtime_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
967 qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(opts, state->options, &local_err);
969 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
974 rs->drop_cache = qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, "drop-cache", true);
975 rs->check_cache_dropped =
976 qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, "x-check-cache-dropped", false);
978 /* This driver's reopen function doesn't currently allow changing
979 * other options, so let's put them back in the original QDict and
980 * bdrv_reopen_prepare() will detect changes and complain. */
981 qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, state->options);
983 rs->fd = raw_reconfigure_getfd(state->bs, state->flags, &rs->open_flags,
984 state->perm, true, &local_err);
986 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
991 /* Fail already reopen_prepare() if we can't get a working O_DIRECT
992 * alignment with the new fd. */
994 raw_probe_alignment(state->bs, rs->fd, &local_err);
996 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1002 s->reopen_state = state;
1010 qemu_opts_del(opts);
1014 static void raw_reopen_commit(BDRVReopenState *state)
1016 BDRVRawReopenState *rs = state->opaque;
1017 BDRVRawState *s = state->bs->opaque;
1019 s->drop_cache = rs->drop_cache;
1020 s->check_cache_dropped = rs->check_cache_dropped;
1021 s->open_flags = rs->open_flags;
1026 g_free(state->opaque);
1027 state->opaque = NULL;
1029 assert(s->reopen_state == state);
1030 s->reopen_state = NULL;
1034 static void raw_reopen_abort(BDRVReopenState *state)
1036 BDRVRawReopenState *rs = state->opaque;
1037 BDRVRawState *s = state->bs->opaque;
1039 /* nothing to do if NULL, we didn't get far enough */
1048 g_free(state->opaque);
1049 state->opaque = NULL;
1051 assert(s->reopen_state == state);
1052 s->reopen_state = NULL;
1055 static int sg_get_max_transfer_length(int fd)
1060 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSECTGET, &max_bytes) == 0) {
1070 static int sg_get_max_segments(int fd)
1075 char *sysfspath = NULL;
1081 if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
1086 sysfspath = g_strdup_printf("/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue/max_segments",
1087 major(st.st_rdev), minor(st.st_rdev));
1088 sysfd = open(sysfspath, O_RDONLY);
1094 ret = read(sysfd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
1095 } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
1099 } else if (ret == 0) {
1104 /* The file is ended with '\n', pass 'end' to accept that. */
1105 ret = qemu_strtol(buf, &end, 10, &max_segments);
1106 if (ret == 0 && end && *end == '\n') {
1121 static void raw_refresh_limits(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
1123 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
1126 int ret = sg_get_max_transfer_length(s->fd);
1128 if (ret > 0 && ret <= BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
1129 bs->bl.max_transfer = pow2floor(ret);
1132 ret = sg_get_max_segments(s->fd);
1134 bs->bl.max_transfer = MIN(bs->bl.max_transfer, ret * getpagesize());
1138 raw_probe_alignment(bs, s->fd, errp);
1139 bs->bl.min_mem_alignment = s->buf_align;
1140 bs->bl.opt_mem_alignment = MAX(s->buf_align, getpagesize());
1143 static int check_for_dasd(int fd)
1146 struct dasd_information2_t info = {0};
1148 return ioctl(fd, BIODASDINFO2, &info);
1155 * Try to get @bs's logical and physical block size.
1156 * On success, store them in @bsz and return zero.
1157 * On failure, return negative errno.
1159 static int hdev_probe_blocksizes(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockSizes *bsz)
1161 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
1164 /* If DASD, get blocksizes */
1165 if (check_for_dasd(s->fd) < 0) {
1168 ret = probe_logical_blocksize(s->fd, &bsz->log);
1172 return probe_physical_blocksize(s->fd, &bsz->phys);
1176 * Try to get @bs's geometry: cyls, heads, sectors.
1177 * On success, store them in @geo and return 0.
1178 * On failure return -errno.
1179 * (Allows block driver to assign default geometry values that guest sees)
1182 static int hdev_probe_geometry(BlockDriverState *bs, HDGeometry *geo)
1184 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
1185 struct hd_geometry ioctl_geo = {0};
1187 /* If DASD, get its geometry */
1188 if (check_for_dasd(s->fd) < 0) {
1191 if (ioctl(s->fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &ioctl_geo) < 0) {
1194 /* HDIO_GETGEO may return success even though geo contains zeros
1195 (e.g. certain multipath setups) */
1196 if (!ioctl_geo.heads || !ioctl_geo.sectors || !ioctl_geo.cylinders) {
1199 /* Do not return a geometry for partition */
1200 if (ioctl_geo.start != 0) {
1203 geo->heads = ioctl_geo.heads;
1204 geo->sectors = ioctl_geo.sectors;
1205 geo->cylinders = ioctl_geo.cylinders;
1209 #else /* __linux__ */
1210 static int hdev_probe_geometry(BlockDriverState *bs, HDGeometry *geo)
1216 #if defined(__linux__)
1217 static int handle_aiocb_ioctl(void *opaque)
1219 RawPosixAIOData *aiocb = opaque;
1222 ret = ioctl(aiocb->aio_fildes, aiocb->ioctl.cmd, aiocb->ioctl.buf);
1231 static int handle_aiocb_flush(void *opaque)
1233 RawPosixAIOData *aiocb = opaque;
1234 BDRVRawState *s = aiocb->bs->opaque;
1237 if (s->page_cache_inconsistent) {
1241 ret = qemu_fdatasync(aiocb->aio_fildes);
1243 /* There is no clear definition of the semantics of a failing fsync(),
1244 * so we may have to assume the worst. The sad truth is that this
1245 * assumption is correct for Linux. Some pages are now probably marked
1246 * clean in the page cache even though they are inconsistent with the
1247 * on-disk contents. The next fdatasync() call would succeed, but no
1248 * further writeback attempt will be made. We can't get back to a state
1249 * in which we know what is on disk (we would have to rewrite
1250 * everything that was touched since the last fdatasync() at least), so
1251 * make bdrv_flush() fail permanently. Given that the behaviour isn't
1252 * really defined, I have little hope that other OSes are doing better.
1254 * Obviously, this doesn't affect O_DIRECT, which bypasses the page
1256 if ((s->open_flags & O_DIRECT) == 0) {
1257 s->page_cache_inconsistent = true;
1264 #ifdef CONFIG_PREADV
1266 static bool preadv_present = true;
1269 qemu_preadv(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int nr_iov, off_t offset)
1271 return preadv(fd, iov, nr_iov, offset);
1275 qemu_pwritev(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int nr_iov, off_t offset)
1277 return pwritev(fd, iov, nr_iov, offset);
1282 static bool preadv_present = false;
1285 qemu_preadv(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int nr_iov, off_t offset)
1291 qemu_pwritev(int fd, const struct iovec *iov, int nr_iov, off_t offset)
1298 static ssize_t handle_aiocb_rw_vector(RawPosixAIOData *aiocb)
1303 if (aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_WRITE)
1304 len = qemu_pwritev(aiocb->aio_fildes,
1309 len = qemu_preadv(aiocb->aio_fildes,
1313 } while (len == -1 && errno == EINTR);
1322 * Read/writes the data to/from a given linear buffer.
1324 * Returns the number of bytes handles or -errno in case of an error. Short
1325 * reads are only returned if the end of the file is reached.
1327 static ssize_t handle_aiocb_rw_linear(RawPosixAIOData *aiocb, char *buf)
1332 while (offset < aiocb->aio_nbytes) {
1333 if (aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_WRITE) {
1334 len = pwrite(aiocb->aio_fildes,
1335 (const char *)buf + offset,
1336 aiocb->aio_nbytes - offset,
1337 aiocb->aio_offset + offset);
1339 len = pread(aiocb->aio_fildes,
1341 aiocb->aio_nbytes - offset,
1342 aiocb->aio_offset + offset);
1344 if (len == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
1346 } else if (len == -1 && errno == EINVAL &&
1347 (aiocb->bs->open_flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE) &&
1348 !(aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_WRITE) &&
1350 /* O_DIRECT pread() may fail with EINVAL when offset is unaligned
1351 * after a short read. Assume that O_DIRECT short reads only occur
1352 * at EOF. Therefore this is a short read, not an I/O error.
1355 } else if (len == -1) {
1358 } else if (len == 0) {
1367 static int handle_aiocb_rw(void *opaque)
1369 RawPosixAIOData *aiocb = opaque;
1373 if (!(aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_MISALIGNED)) {
1375 * If there is just a single buffer, and it is properly aligned
1376 * we can just use plain pread/pwrite without any problems.
1378 if (aiocb->io.niov == 1) {
1379 nbytes = handle_aiocb_rw_linear(aiocb, aiocb->io.iov->iov_base);
1383 * We have more than one iovec, and all are properly aligned.
1385 * Try preadv/pwritev first and fall back to linearizing the
1386 * buffer if it's not supported.
1388 if (preadv_present) {
1389 nbytes = handle_aiocb_rw_vector(aiocb);
1390 if (nbytes == aiocb->aio_nbytes ||
1391 (nbytes < 0 && nbytes != -ENOSYS)) {
1394 preadv_present = false;
1398 * XXX(hch): short read/write. no easy way to handle the reminder
1399 * using these interfaces. For now retry using plain
1405 * Ok, we have to do it the hard way, copy all segments into
1406 * a single aligned buffer.
1408 buf = qemu_try_blockalign(aiocb->bs, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1414 if (aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_WRITE) {
1418 for (i = 0; i < aiocb->io.niov; ++i) {
1419 memcpy(p, aiocb->io.iov[i].iov_base, aiocb->io.iov[i].iov_len);
1420 p += aiocb->io.iov[i].iov_len;
1422 assert(p - buf == aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1425 nbytes = handle_aiocb_rw_linear(aiocb, buf);
1426 if (!(aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_WRITE)) {
1428 size_t count = aiocb->aio_nbytes, copy;
1431 for (i = 0; i < aiocb->io.niov && count; ++i) {
1433 if (copy > aiocb->io.iov[i].iov_len) {
1434 copy = aiocb->io.iov[i].iov_len;
1436 memcpy(aiocb->io.iov[i].iov_base, p, copy);
1437 assert(count >= copy);
1446 if (nbytes == aiocb->aio_nbytes) {
1448 } else if (nbytes >= 0 && nbytes < aiocb->aio_nbytes) {
1449 if (aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_WRITE) {
1452 iov_memset(aiocb->io.iov, aiocb->io.niov, nbytes,
1453 0, aiocb->aio_nbytes - nbytes);
1463 static int xfs_write_zeroes(BDRVRawState *s, int64_t offset, uint64_t bytes)
1466 struct xfs_flock64 fl;
1469 len = lseek(s->fd, 0, SEEK_END);
1474 if (offset + bytes > len) {
1475 /* XFS_IOC_ZERO_RANGE does not increase the file length */
1476 if (ftruncate(s->fd, offset + bytes) < 0) {
1481 memset(&fl, 0, sizeof(fl));
1482 fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
1483 fl.l_start = offset;
1486 if (xfsctl(NULL, s->fd, XFS_IOC_ZERO_RANGE, &fl) < 0) {
1488 trace_file_xfs_write_zeroes(strerror(errno));
1495 static int xfs_discard(BDRVRawState *s, int64_t offset, uint64_t bytes)
1497 struct xfs_flock64 fl;
1500 memset(&fl, 0, sizeof(fl));
1501 fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
1502 fl.l_start = offset;
1505 if (xfsctl(NULL, s->fd, XFS_IOC_UNRESVSP64, &fl) < 0) {
1507 trace_file_xfs_discard(strerror(errno));
1515 static int translate_err(int err)
1517 if (err == -ENODEV || err == -ENOSYS || err == -EOPNOTSUPP ||
1524 #ifdef CONFIG_FALLOCATE
1525 static int do_fallocate(int fd, int mode, off_t offset, off_t len)
1528 if (fallocate(fd, mode, offset, len) == 0) {
1531 } while (errno == EINTR);
1532 return translate_err(-errno);
1536 static ssize_t handle_aiocb_write_zeroes_block(RawPosixAIOData *aiocb)
1539 BDRVRawState *s = aiocb->bs->opaque;
1541 if (!s->has_write_zeroes) {
1546 /* The BLKZEROOUT implementation in the kernel doesn't set
1547 * BLKDEV_ZERO_NOFALLBACK, so we can't call this if we have to avoid slow
1549 if (!(aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_NO_FALLBACK)) {
1551 uint64_t range[2] = { aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes };
1552 if (ioctl(aiocb->aio_fildes, BLKZEROOUT, range) == 0) {
1555 } while (errno == EINTR);
1557 ret = translate_err(-errno);
1561 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
1562 s->has_write_zeroes = false;
1567 static int handle_aiocb_write_zeroes(void *opaque)
1569 RawPosixAIOData *aiocb = opaque;
1570 #if defined(CONFIG_FALLOCATE) || defined(CONFIG_XFS)
1571 BDRVRawState *s = aiocb->bs->opaque;
1573 #ifdef CONFIG_FALLOCATE
1577 if (aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_BLKDEV) {
1578 return handle_aiocb_write_zeroes_block(aiocb);
1583 return xfs_write_zeroes(s, aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1587 #ifdef CONFIG_FALLOCATE_ZERO_RANGE
1588 if (s->has_write_zeroes) {
1589 int ret = do_fallocate(s->fd, FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE,
1590 aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1591 if (ret == 0 || ret != -ENOTSUP) {
1594 s->has_write_zeroes = false;
1598 #ifdef CONFIG_FALLOCATE_PUNCH_HOLE
1599 if (s->has_discard && s->has_fallocate) {
1600 int ret = do_fallocate(s->fd,
1601 FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE,
1602 aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1604 ret = do_fallocate(s->fd, 0, aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1605 if (ret == 0 || ret != -ENOTSUP) {
1608 s->has_fallocate = false;
1609 } else if (ret != -ENOTSUP) {
1612 s->has_discard = false;
1617 #ifdef CONFIG_FALLOCATE
1618 /* Last resort: we are trying to extend the file with zeroed data. This
1619 * can be done via fallocate(fd, 0) */
1620 len = bdrv_getlength(aiocb->bs);
1621 if (s->has_fallocate && len >= 0 && aiocb->aio_offset >= len) {
1622 int ret = do_fallocate(s->fd, 0, aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1623 if (ret == 0 || ret != -ENOTSUP) {
1626 s->has_fallocate = false;
1633 static int handle_aiocb_write_zeroes_unmap(void *opaque)
1635 RawPosixAIOData *aiocb = opaque;
1636 BDRVRawState *s G_GNUC_UNUSED = aiocb->bs->opaque;
1639 /* First try to write zeros and unmap at the same time */
1641 #ifdef CONFIG_FALLOCATE_PUNCH_HOLE
1642 ret = do_fallocate(s->fd, FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE,
1643 aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1644 if (ret != -ENOTSUP) {
1651 /* xfs_discard() guarantees that the discarded area reads as all-zero
1652 * afterwards, so we can use it here. */
1653 return xfs_discard(s, aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1657 /* If we couldn't manage to unmap while guaranteed that the area reads as
1658 * all-zero afterwards, just write zeroes without unmapping */
1659 ret = handle_aiocb_write_zeroes(aiocb);
1663 #ifndef HAVE_COPY_FILE_RANGE
1664 static off_t copy_file_range(int in_fd, off_t *in_off, int out_fd,
1665 off_t *out_off, size_t len, unsigned int flags)
1667 #ifdef __NR_copy_file_range
1668 return syscall(__NR_copy_file_range, in_fd, in_off, out_fd,
1669 out_off, len, flags);
1677 static int handle_aiocb_copy_range(void *opaque)
1679 RawPosixAIOData *aiocb = opaque;
1680 uint64_t bytes = aiocb->aio_nbytes;
1681 off_t in_off = aiocb->aio_offset;
1682 off_t out_off = aiocb->copy_range.aio_offset2;
1685 ssize_t ret = copy_file_range(aiocb->aio_fildes, &in_off,
1686 aiocb->copy_range.aio_fd2, &out_off,
1688 trace_file_copy_file_range(aiocb->bs, aiocb->aio_fildes, in_off,
1689 aiocb->copy_range.aio_fd2, out_off, bytes,
1692 /* No progress (e.g. when beyond EOF), let the caller fall back to
1711 static int handle_aiocb_discard(void *opaque)
1713 RawPosixAIOData *aiocb = opaque;
1714 int ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
1715 BDRVRawState *s = aiocb->bs->opaque;
1717 if (!s->has_discard) {
1721 if (aiocb->aio_type & QEMU_AIO_BLKDEV) {
1724 uint64_t range[2] = { aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes };
1725 if (ioctl(aiocb->aio_fildes, BLKDISCARD, range) == 0) {
1728 } while (errno == EINTR);
1735 return xfs_discard(s, aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1739 #ifdef CONFIG_FALLOCATE_PUNCH_HOLE
1740 ret = do_fallocate(s->fd, FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE,
1741 aiocb->aio_offset, aiocb->aio_nbytes);
1745 ret = translate_err(ret);
1746 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
1747 s->has_discard = false;
1753 * Help alignment probing by allocating the first block.
1755 * When reading with direct I/O from unallocated area on Gluster backed by XFS,
1756 * reading succeeds regardless of request length. In this case we fallback to
1757 * safe alignment which is not optimal. Allocating the first block avoids this
1760 * fd may be opened with O_DIRECT, but we don't know the buffer alignment or
1761 * request alignment, so we use safe values.
1763 * Returns: 0 on success, -errno on failure. Since this is an optimization,
1764 * caller may ignore failures.
1766 static int allocate_first_block(int fd, size_t max_size)
1768 size_t write_size = (max_size < MAX_BLOCKSIZE)
1771 size_t max_align = MAX(MAX_BLOCKSIZE, getpagesize());
1776 buf = qemu_memalign(max_align, write_size);
1777 memset(buf, 0, write_size);
1780 n = pwrite(fd, buf, write_size, 0);
1781 } while (n == -1 && errno == EINTR);
1783 ret = (n == -1) ? -errno : 0;
1789 static int handle_aiocb_truncate(void *opaque)
1791 RawPosixAIOData *aiocb = opaque;
1793 int64_t current_length = 0;
1796 int fd = aiocb->aio_fildes;
1797 int64_t offset = aiocb->aio_offset;
1798 PreallocMode prealloc = aiocb->truncate.prealloc;
1799 Error **errp = aiocb->truncate.errp;
1801 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
1803 error_setg_errno(errp, -result, "Could not stat file");
1807 current_length = st.st_size;
1808 if (current_length > offset && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
1809 error_setg(errp, "Cannot use preallocation for shrinking files");
1814 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX_FALLOCATE
1815 case PREALLOC_MODE_FALLOC:
1817 * Truncating before posix_fallocate() makes it about twice slower on
1818 * file systems that do not support fallocate(), trying to check if a
1819 * block is allocated before allocating it, so don't do that here.
1821 if (offset != current_length) {
1822 result = -posix_fallocate(fd, current_length,
1823 offset - current_length);
1825 /* posix_fallocate() doesn't set errno. */
1826 error_setg_errno(errp, -result,
1827 "Could not preallocate new data");
1828 } else if (current_length == 0) {
1830 * posix_fallocate() uses fallocate() if the filesystem
1831 * supports it, or fallback to manually writing zeroes. If
1832 * fallocate() was used, unaligned reads from the fallocated
1833 * area in raw_probe_alignment() will succeed, hence we need to
1834 * allocate the first block.
1836 * Optimize future alignment probing; ignore failures.
1838 allocate_first_block(fd, offset);
1845 case PREALLOC_MODE_FULL:
1847 int64_t num = 0, left = offset - current_length;
1851 * Knowing the final size from the beginning could allow the file
1852 * system driver to do less allocations and possibly avoid
1853 * fragmentation of the file.
1855 if (ftruncate(fd, offset) != 0) {
1857 error_setg_errno(errp, -result, "Could not resize file");
1861 buf = g_malloc0(65536);
1863 seek_result = lseek(fd, current_length, SEEK_SET);
1864 if (seek_result < 0) {
1866 error_setg_errno(errp, -result,
1867 "Failed to seek to the old end of file");
1872 num = MIN(left, 65536);
1873 result = write(fd, buf, num);
1875 if (errno == EINTR) {
1879 error_setg_errno(errp, -result,
1880 "Could not write zeros for preallocation");
1889 error_setg_errno(errp, -result,
1890 "Could not flush file to disk");
1896 case PREALLOC_MODE_OFF:
1897 if (ftruncate(fd, offset) != 0) {
1899 error_setg_errno(errp, -result, "Could not resize file");
1900 } else if (current_length == 0 && offset > current_length) {
1901 /* Optimize future alignment probing; ignore failures. */
1902 allocate_first_block(fd, offset);
1907 error_setg(errp, "Unsupported preallocation mode: %s",
1908 PreallocMode_str(prealloc));
1914 if (ftruncate(fd, current_length) < 0) {
1915 error_report("Failed to restore old file length: %s",
1924 static int coroutine_fn raw_thread_pool_submit(BlockDriverState *bs,
1925 ThreadPoolFunc func, void *arg)
1927 /* @bs can be NULL, bdrv_get_aio_context() returns the main context then */
1928 ThreadPool *pool = aio_get_thread_pool(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs));
1929 return thread_pool_submit_co(pool, func, arg);
1932 static int coroutine_fn raw_co_prw(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
1933 uint64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov, int type)
1935 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
1936 RawPosixAIOData acb;
1938 if (fd_open(bs) < 0)
1942 * Check if the underlying device requires requests to be aligned,
1943 * and if the request we are trying to submit is aligned or not.
1944 * If this is the case tell the low-level driver that it needs
1945 * to copy the buffer.
1947 if (s->needs_alignment) {
1948 if (!bdrv_qiov_is_aligned(bs, qiov)) {
1949 type |= QEMU_AIO_MISALIGNED;
1950 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
1951 } else if (s->use_linux_aio) {
1952 LinuxAioState *aio = aio_get_linux_aio(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs));
1953 assert(qiov->size == bytes);
1954 return laio_co_submit(bs, aio, s->fd, offset, qiov, type);
1959 acb = (RawPosixAIOData) {
1961 .aio_fildes = s->fd,
1963 .aio_offset = offset,
1964 .aio_nbytes = bytes,
1971 assert(qiov->size == bytes);
1972 return raw_thread_pool_submit(bs, handle_aiocb_rw, &acb);
1975 static int coroutine_fn raw_co_preadv(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
1976 uint64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
1979 return raw_co_prw(bs, offset, bytes, qiov, QEMU_AIO_READ);
1982 static int coroutine_fn raw_co_pwritev(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
1983 uint64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
1987 return raw_co_prw(bs, offset, bytes, qiov, QEMU_AIO_WRITE);
1990 static void raw_aio_plug(BlockDriverState *bs)
1992 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
1993 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
1994 if (s->use_linux_aio) {
1995 LinuxAioState *aio = aio_get_linux_aio(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs));
1996 laio_io_plug(bs, aio);
2001 static void raw_aio_unplug(BlockDriverState *bs)
2003 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
2004 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2005 if (s->use_linux_aio) {
2006 LinuxAioState *aio = aio_get_linux_aio(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs));
2007 laio_io_unplug(bs, aio);
2012 static int raw_co_flush_to_disk(BlockDriverState *bs)
2014 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2015 RawPosixAIOData acb;
2023 acb = (RawPosixAIOData) {
2025 .aio_fildes = s->fd,
2026 .aio_type = QEMU_AIO_FLUSH,
2029 return raw_thread_pool_submit(bs, handle_aiocb_flush, &acb);
2032 static void raw_aio_attach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs,
2033 AioContext *new_context)
2035 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
2036 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2037 if (s->use_linux_aio) {
2039 if (!aio_setup_linux_aio(new_context, &local_err)) {
2040 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Unable to use native AIO, "
2041 "falling back to thread pool: ");
2042 s->use_linux_aio = false;
2048 static void raw_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
2050 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2059 * Truncates the given regular file @fd to @offset and, when growing, fills the
2060 * new space according to @prealloc.
2062 * Returns: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
2064 static int coroutine_fn
2065 raw_regular_truncate(BlockDriverState *bs, int fd, int64_t offset,
2066 PreallocMode prealloc, Error **errp)
2068 RawPosixAIOData acb;
2070 acb = (RawPosixAIOData) {
2073 .aio_type = QEMU_AIO_TRUNCATE,
2074 .aio_offset = offset,
2076 .prealloc = prealloc,
2081 return raw_thread_pool_submit(bs, handle_aiocb_truncate, &acb);
2084 static int coroutine_fn raw_co_truncate(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2085 PreallocMode prealloc, Error **errp)
2087 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2091 if (fstat(s->fd, &st)) {
2093 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to fstat() the file");
2097 if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
2098 return raw_regular_truncate(bs, s->fd, offset, prealloc, errp);
2101 if (prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
2102 error_setg(errp, "Preallocation mode '%s' unsupported for this "
2103 "non-regular file", PreallocMode_str(prealloc));
2107 if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
2108 if (offset > raw_getlength(bs)) {
2109 error_setg(errp, "Cannot grow device files");
2113 error_setg(errp, "Resizing this file is not supported");
2121 static int64_t raw_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
2123 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2129 if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
2130 struct disklabel dl;
2132 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dl))
2134 return (uint64_t)dl.d_secsize *
2135 dl.d_partitions[DISKPART(st.st_rdev)].p_size;
2139 #elif defined(__NetBSD__)
2140 static int64_t raw_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
2142 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2148 if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
2149 struct dkwedge_info dkw;
2151 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGWEDGEINFO, &dkw) != -1) {
2152 return dkw.dkw_size * 512;
2154 struct disklabel dl;
2156 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dl))
2158 return (uint64_t)dl.d_secsize *
2159 dl.d_partitions[DISKPART(st.st_rdev)].p_size;
2164 #elif defined(__sun__)
2165 static int64_t raw_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
2167 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2168 struct dk_minfo minfo;
2178 * Use the DKIOCGMEDIAINFO ioctl to read the size.
2180 ret = ioctl(s->fd, DKIOCGMEDIAINFO, &minfo);
2182 return minfo.dki_lbsize * minfo.dki_capacity;
2186 * There are reports that lseek on some devices fails, but
2187 * irc discussion said that contingency on contingency was overkill.
2189 size = lseek(s->fd, 0, SEEK_END);
2195 #elif defined(CONFIG_BSD)
2196 static int64_t raw_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
2198 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2202 #if defined (__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
2211 #if defined (__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
2214 if (!fstat(fd, &sb) && (S_IFCHR & sb.st_mode)) {
2215 #ifdef DIOCGMEDIASIZE
2216 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, (off_t *)&size))
2217 #elif defined(DIOCGPART)
2220 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == 0)
2221 size = pi.media_size;
2227 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
2229 uint64_t sectors = 0;
2230 uint32_t sector_size = 0;
2232 if (ioctl(fd, DKIOCGETBLOCKCOUNT, §ors) == 0
2233 && ioctl(fd, DKIOCGETBLOCKSIZE, §or_size) == 0) {
2234 size = sectors * sector_size;
2236 size = lseek(fd, 0LL, SEEK_END);
2243 size = lseek(fd, 0LL, SEEK_END);
2248 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
2251 /* XXX FreeBSD acd returns UINT_MAX sectors for an empty drive */
2252 if (size == 2048LL * (unsigned)-1)
2254 /* XXX no disc? maybe we need to reopen... */
2255 if (size <= 0 && !reopened && cdrom_reopen(bs) >= 0) {
2262 size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
2270 static int64_t raw_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
2272 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2281 size = lseek(s->fd, 0, SEEK_END);
2289 static int64_t raw_get_allocated_file_size(BlockDriverState *bs)
2292 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2294 if (fstat(s->fd, &st) < 0) {
2297 return (int64_t)st.st_blocks * 512;
2300 static int coroutine_fn
2301 raw_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *options, Error **errp)
2303 BlockdevCreateOptionsFile *file_opts;
2304 Error *local_err = NULL;
2306 uint64_t perm, shared;
2309 /* Validate options and set default values */
2310 assert(options->driver == BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_FILE);
2311 file_opts = &options->u.file;
2313 if (!file_opts->has_nocow) {
2314 file_opts->nocow = false;
2316 if (!file_opts->has_preallocation) {
2317 file_opts->preallocation = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
2321 fd = qemu_open(file_opts->filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_BINARY, 0644);
2324 error_setg_errno(errp, -result, "Could not create file");
2328 /* Take permissions: We want to discard everything, so we need
2329 * BLK_PERM_WRITE; and truncation to the desired size requires
2331 * On the other hand, we cannot share the RESIZE permission
2332 * because we promise that after this function, the file has the
2333 * size given in the options. If someone else were to resize it
2334 * concurrently, we could not guarantee that.
2335 * Note that after this function, we can no longer guarantee that
2336 * the file is not touched by a third party, so it may be resized
2338 perm = BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_RESIZE;
2339 shared = BLK_PERM_ALL & ~BLK_PERM_RESIZE;
2341 /* Step one: Take locks */
2342 result = raw_apply_lock_bytes(NULL, fd, perm, ~shared, false, errp);
2347 /* Step two: Check that nobody else has taken conflicting locks */
2348 result = raw_check_lock_bytes(fd, perm, shared, errp);
2350 error_append_hint(errp,
2351 "Is another process using the image [%s]?\n",
2352 file_opts->filename);
2356 /* Clear the file by truncating it to 0 */
2357 result = raw_regular_truncate(NULL, fd, 0, PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, errp);
2362 if (file_opts->nocow) {
2364 /* Set NOCOW flag to solve performance issue on fs like btrfs.
2365 * This is an optimisation. The FS_IOC_SETFLAGS ioctl return value
2366 * will be ignored since any failure of this operation should not
2367 * block the left work.
2370 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &attr) == 0) {
2371 attr |= FS_NOCOW_FL;
2372 ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &attr);
2377 /* Resize and potentially preallocate the file to the desired
2379 result = raw_regular_truncate(NULL, fd, file_opts->size,
2380 file_opts->preallocation, errp);
2386 raw_apply_lock_bytes(NULL, fd, 0, 0, true, &local_err);
2388 /* The above call should not fail, and if it does, that does
2389 * not mean the whole creation operation has failed. So
2390 * report it the user for their convenience, but do not report
2391 * it to the caller. */
2392 warn_report_err(local_err);
2396 if (qemu_close(fd) != 0 && result == 0) {
2398 error_setg_errno(errp, -result, "Could not close the new file");
2404 static int coroutine_fn raw_co_create_opts(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts,
2407 BlockdevCreateOptions options;
2408 int64_t total_size = 0;
2410 PreallocMode prealloc;
2412 Error *local_err = NULL;
2414 /* Skip file: protocol prefix */
2415 strstart(filename, "file:", &filename);
2417 /* Read out options */
2418 total_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
2420 nocow = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_NOCOW, false);
2421 buf = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2422 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, buf,
2423 PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, &local_err);
2426 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2430 options = (BlockdevCreateOptions) {
2431 .driver = BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_FILE,
2433 .filename = (char *) filename,
2435 .has_preallocation = true,
2436 .preallocation = prealloc,
2441 return raw_co_create(&options, errp);
2445 * Find allocation range in @bs around offset @start.
2446 * May change underlying file descriptor's file offset.
2447 * If @start is not in a hole, store @start in @data, and the
2448 * beginning of the next hole in @hole, and return 0.
2449 * If @start is in a non-trailing hole, store @start in @hole and the
2450 * beginning of the next non-hole in @data, and return 0.
2451 * If @start is in a trailing hole or beyond EOF, return -ENXIO.
2452 * If we can't find out, return a negative errno other than -ENXIO.
2454 static int find_allocation(BlockDriverState *bs, off_t start,
2455 off_t *data, off_t *hole)
2457 #if defined SEEK_HOLE && defined SEEK_DATA
2458 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2463 * D1. offs == start: start is in data
2464 * D2. offs > start: start is in a hole, next data at offs
2465 * D3. offs < 0, errno = ENXIO: either start is in a trailing hole
2466 * or start is beyond EOF
2467 * If the latter happens, the file has been truncated behind
2468 * our back since we opened it. All bets are off then.
2469 * Treating like a trailing hole is simplest.
2470 * D4. offs < 0, errno != ENXIO: we learned nothing
2472 offs = lseek(s->fd, start, SEEK_DATA);
2474 return -errno; /* D3 or D4 */
2478 /* This is not a valid return by lseek(). We are safe to just return
2479 * -EIO in this case, and we'll treat it like D4. */
2484 /* D2: in hole, next data at offs */
2490 /* D1: in data, end not yet known */
2494 * H1. offs == start: start is in a hole
2495 * If this happens here, a hole has been dug behind our back
2496 * since the previous lseek().
2497 * H2. offs > start: either start is in data, next hole at offs,
2498 * or start is in trailing hole, EOF at offs
2499 * Linux treats trailing holes like any other hole: offs ==
2500 * start. Solaris seeks to EOF instead: offs > start (blech).
2501 * If that happens here, a hole has been dug behind our back
2502 * since the previous lseek().
2503 * H3. offs < 0, errno = ENXIO: start is beyond EOF
2504 * If this happens, the file has been truncated behind our
2505 * back since we opened it. Treat it like a trailing hole.
2506 * H4. offs < 0, errno != ENXIO: we learned nothing
2507 * Pretend we know nothing at all, i.e. "forget" about D1.
2509 offs = lseek(s->fd, start, SEEK_HOLE);
2511 return -errno; /* D1 and (H3 or H4) */
2515 /* This is not a valid return by lseek(). We are safe to just return
2516 * -EIO in this case, and we'll treat it like H4. */
2522 * D1 and H2: either in data, next hole at offs, or it was in
2523 * data but is now in a trailing hole. In the latter case,
2524 * all bets are off. Treating it as if it there was data all
2525 * the way to EOF is safe, so simply do that.
2540 * Returns the allocation status of the specified offset.
2542 * The block layer guarantees 'offset' and 'bytes' are within bounds.
2544 * 'pnum' is set to the number of bytes (including and immediately following
2545 * the specified offset) that are known to be in the same
2546 * allocated/unallocated state.
2548 * 'bytes' is the max value 'pnum' should be set to.
2550 static int coroutine_fn raw_co_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
2553 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum,
2555 BlockDriverState **file)
2557 off_t data = 0, hole = 0;
2560 assert(QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(offset | bytes, bs->bl.request_alignment));
2571 return BDRV_BLOCK_DATA | BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID;
2574 ret = find_allocation(bs, offset, &data, &hole);
2575 if (ret == -ENXIO) {
2578 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
2579 } else if (ret < 0) {
2580 /* No info available, so pretend there are no holes */
2582 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
2583 } else if (data == offset) {
2584 /* On a data extent, compute bytes to the end of the extent,
2585 * possibly including a partial sector at EOF. */
2586 *pnum = MIN(bytes, hole - offset);
2589 * We are not allowed to return partial sectors, though, so
2590 * round up if necessary.
2592 if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(*pnum, bs->bl.request_alignment)) {
2593 int64_t file_length = raw_getlength(bs);
2594 if (file_length > 0) {
2595 /* Ignore errors, this is just a safeguard */
2596 assert(hole == file_length);
2598 *pnum = ROUND_UP(*pnum, bs->bl.request_alignment);
2601 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
2603 /* On a hole, compute bytes to the beginning of the next extent. */
2604 assert(hole == offset);
2605 *pnum = MIN(bytes, data - offset);
2606 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
2610 return ret | BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID;
2613 #if defined(__linux__)
2614 /* Verify that the file is not in the page cache */
2615 static void check_cache_dropped(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
2617 const size_t window_size = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
2618 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2619 void *window = NULL;
2626 /* mincore(2) page status information requires 1 byte per page */
2627 page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
2628 vec = g_malloc(DIV_ROUND_UP(window_size, page_size));
2630 end = raw_getlength(bs);
2632 for (offset = 0; offset < end; offset += window_size) {
2639 /* Unmap previous window if size has changed */
2640 new_length = MIN(end - offset, window_size);
2641 if (new_length != length) {
2642 munmap(window, length);
2647 new_window = mmap(window, new_length, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE,
2649 if (new_window == MAP_FAILED) {
2650 error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "mmap failed");
2654 window = new_window;
2655 length = new_length;
2657 ret = mincore(window, length, vec);
2659 error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "mincore failed");
2663 vec_end = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, page_size);
2664 for (i = 0; i < vec_end; i++) {
2666 error_setg(errp, "page cache still in use!");
2673 munmap(window, length);
2678 #endif /* __linux__ */
2680 static void coroutine_fn raw_co_invalidate_cache(BlockDriverState *bs,
2683 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2688 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "The file descriptor is not open");
2692 if (!s->drop_cache) {
2696 if (s->open_flags & O_DIRECT) {
2697 return; /* No host kernel page cache */
2700 #if defined(__linux__)
2701 /* This sets the scene for the next syscall... */
2702 ret = bdrv_co_flush(bs);
2704 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "flush failed");
2708 /* Linux does not invalidate pages that are dirty, locked, or mmapped by a
2709 * process. These limitations are okay because we just fsynced the file,
2710 * we don't use mmap, and the file should not be in use by other processes.
2712 ret = posix_fadvise(s->fd, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
2713 if (ret != 0) { /* the return value is a positive errno */
2714 error_setg_errno(errp, ret, "fadvise failed");
2718 if (s->check_cache_dropped) {
2719 check_cache_dropped(bs, errp);
2721 #else /* __linux__ */
2722 /* Do nothing. Live migration to a remote host with cache.direct=off is
2723 * unsupported on other host operating systems. Cache consistency issues
2724 * may occur but no error is reported here, partly because that's the
2725 * historical behavior and partly because it's hard to differentiate valid
2726 * configurations that should not cause errors.
2728 #endif /* !__linux__ */
2731 static coroutine_fn int
2732 raw_do_pdiscard(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int bytes, bool blkdev)
2734 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2735 RawPosixAIOData acb;
2737 acb = (RawPosixAIOData) {
2739 .aio_fildes = s->fd,
2740 .aio_type = QEMU_AIO_DISCARD,
2741 .aio_offset = offset,
2742 .aio_nbytes = bytes,
2746 acb.aio_type |= QEMU_AIO_BLKDEV;
2749 return raw_thread_pool_submit(bs, handle_aiocb_discard, &acb);
2752 static coroutine_fn int
2753 raw_co_pdiscard(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int bytes)
2755 return raw_do_pdiscard(bs, offset, bytes, false);
2758 static int coroutine_fn
2759 raw_do_pwrite_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int bytes,
2760 BdrvRequestFlags flags, bool blkdev)
2762 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2763 RawPosixAIOData acb;
2764 ThreadPoolFunc *handler;
2766 acb = (RawPosixAIOData) {
2768 .aio_fildes = s->fd,
2769 .aio_type = QEMU_AIO_WRITE_ZEROES,
2770 .aio_offset = offset,
2771 .aio_nbytes = bytes,
2775 acb.aio_type |= QEMU_AIO_BLKDEV;
2777 if (flags & BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK) {
2778 acb.aio_type |= QEMU_AIO_NO_FALLBACK;
2781 if (flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP) {
2782 acb.aio_type |= QEMU_AIO_DISCARD;
2783 handler = handle_aiocb_write_zeroes_unmap;
2785 handler = handle_aiocb_write_zeroes;
2788 return raw_thread_pool_submit(bs, handler, &acb);
2791 static int coroutine_fn raw_co_pwrite_zeroes(
2792 BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2793 int bytes, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
2795 return raw_do_pwrite_zeroes(bs, offset, bytes, flags, false);
2798 static int raw_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
2800 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2802 bdi->unallocated_blocks_are_zero = s->discard_zeroes;
2806 static QemuOptsList raw_create_opts = {
2807 .name = "raw-create-opts",
2808 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(raw_create_opts.head),
2811 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2812 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2813 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2816 .name = BLOCK_OPT_NOCOW,
2817 .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2818 .help = "Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)"
2821 .name = BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC,
2822 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2823 .help = "Preallocation mode (allowed values: off"
2824 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX_FALLOCATE
2829 { /* end of list */ }
2833 static int raw_check_perm(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared,
2836 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2837 BDRVRawReopenState *rs = NULL;
2841 if (s->perm_change_fd) {
2843 * In the context of reopen, this function may be called several times
2844 * (directly and recursively while change permissions of the parent).
2845 * This is even true for children that don't inherit from the original
2846 * reopen node, so s->reopen_state is not set.
2848 * Ignore all but the first call.
2853 if (s->reopen_state) {
2854 /* We already have a new file descriptor to set permissions for */
2855 assert(s->reopen_state->perm == perm);
2856 assert(s->reopen_state->shared_perm == shared);
2857 rs = s->reopen_state->opaque;
2858 s->perm_change_fd = rs->fd;
2859 s->perm_change_flags = rs->open_flags;
2861 /* We may need a new fd if auto-read-only switches the mode */
2862 ret = raw_reconfigure_getfd(bs, bs->open_flags, &open_flags, perm,
2866 } else if (ret != s->fd) {
2867 s->perm_change_fd = ret;
2868 s->perm_change_flags = open_flags;
2872 /* Prepare permissions on old fd to avoid conflicts between old and new,
2873 * but keep everything locked that new will need. */
2874 ret = raw_handle_perm_lock(bs, RAW_PL_PREPARE, perm, shared, errp);
2879 /* Copy locks to the new fd */
2880 if (s->perm_change_fd) {
2881 ret = raw_apply_lock_bytes(NULL, s->perm_change_fd, perm, ~shared,
2884 raw_handle_perm_lock(bs, RAW_PL_ABORT, 0, 0, NULL);
2891 if (s->perm_change_fd && !s->reopen_state) {
2892 qemu_close(s->perm_change_fd);
2894 s->perm_change_fd = 0;
2898 static void raw_set_perm(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared)
2900 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2902 /* For reopen, we have already switched to the new fd (.bdrv_set_perm is
2903 * called after .bdrv_reopen_commit) */
2904 if (s->perm_change_fd && s->fd != s->perm_change_fd) {
2906 s->fd = s->perm_change_fd;
2907 s->open_flags = s->perm_change_flags;
2909 s->perm_change_fd = 0;
2911 raw_handle_perm_lock(bs, RAW_PL_COMMIT, perm, shared, NULL);
2913 s->shared_perm = shared;
2916 static void raw_abort_perm_update(BlockDriverState *bs)
2918 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2920 /* For reopen, .bdrv_reopen_abort is called afterwards and will close
2921 * the file descriptor. */
2922 if (s->perm_change_fd && !s->reopen_state) {
2923 qemu_close(s->perm_change_fd);
2925 s->perm_change_fd = 0;
2927 raw_handle_perm_lock(bs, RAW_PL_ABORT, 0, 0, NULL);
2930 static int coroutine_fn raw_co_copy_range_from(
2931 BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *src, uint64_t src_offset,
2932 BdrvChild *dst, uint64_t dst_offset, uint64_t bytes,
2933 BdrvRequestFlags read_flags, BdrvRequestFlags write_flags)
2935 return bdrv_co_copy_range_to(src, src_offset, dst, dst_offset, bytes,
2936 read_flags, write_flags);
2939 static int coroutine_fn raw_co_copy_range_to(BlockDriverState *bs,
2941 uint64_t src_offset,
2943 uint64_t dst_offset,
2945 BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
2946 BdrvRequestFlags write_flags)
2948 RawPosixAIOData acb;
2949 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
2950 BDRVRawState *src_s;
2952 assert(dst->bs == bs);
2953 if (src->bs->drv->bdrv_co_copy_range_to != raw_co_copy_range_to) {
2957 src_s = src->bs->opaque;
2958 if (fd_open(src->bs) < 0 || fd_open(dst->bs) < 0) {
2962 acb = (RawPosixAIOData) {
2964 .aio_type = QEMU_AIO_COPY_RANGE,
2965 .aio_fildes = src_s->fd,
2966 .aio_offset = src_offset,
2967 .aio_nbytes = bytes,
2970 .aio_offset2 = dst_offset,
2974 return raw_thread_pool_submit(bs, handle_aiocb_copy_range, &acb);
2977 BlockDriver bdrv_file = {
2978 .format_name = "file",
2979 .protocol_name = "file",
2980 .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVRawState),
2981 .bdrv_needs_filename = true,
2982 .bdrv_probe = NULL, /* no probe for protocols */
2983 .bdrv_parse_filename = raw_parse_filename,
2984 .bdrv_file_open = raw_open,
2985 .bdrv_reopen_prepare = raw_reopen_prepare,
2986 .bdrv_reopen_commit = raw_reopen_commit,
2987 .bdrv_reopen_abort = raw_reopen_abort,
2988 .bdrv_close = raw_close,
2989 .bdrv_co_create = raw_co_create,
2990 .bdrv_co_create_opts = raw_co_create_opts,
2991 .bdrv_has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init_1,
2992 .bdrv_has_zero_init_truncate = bdrv_has_zero_init_1,
2993 .bdrv_co_block_status = raw_co_block_status,
2994 .bdrv_co_invalidate_cache = raw_co_invalidate_cache,
2995 .bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes = raw_co_pwrite_zeroes,
2997 .bdrv_co_preadv = raw_co_preadv,
2998 .bdrv_co_pwritev = raw_co_pwritev,
2999 .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk = raw_co_flush_to_disk,
3000 .bdrv_co_pdiscard = raw_co_pdiscard,
3001 .bdrv_co_copy_range_from = raw_co_copy_range_from,
3002 .bdrv_co_copy_range_to = raw_co_copy_range_to,
3003 .bdrv_refresh_limits = raw_refresh_limits,
3004 .bdrv_io_plug = raw_aio_plug,
3005 .bdrv_io_unplug = raw_aio_unplug,
3006 .bdrv_attach_aio_context = raw_aio_attach_aio_context,
3008 .bdrv_co_truncate = raw_co_truncate,
3009 .bdrv_getlength = raw_getlength,
3010 .bdrv_get_info = raw_get_info,
3011 .bdrv_get_allocated_file_size
3012 = raw_get_allocated_file_size,
3013 .bdrv_check_perm = raw_check_perm,
3014 .bdrv_set_perm = raw_set_perm,
3015 .bdrv_abort_perm_update = raw_abort_perm_update,
3016 .create_opts = &raw_create_opts,
3017 .mutable_opts = mutable_opts,
3020 /***********************************************/
3023 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
3024 static kern_return_t GetBSDPath(io_iterator_t mediaIterator, char *bsdPath,
3025 CFIndex maxPathSize, int flags);
3026 static char *FindEjectableOpticalMedia(io_iterator_t *mediaIterator)
3028 kern_return_t kernResult = KERN_FAILURE;
3029 mach_port_t masterPort;
3030 CFMutableDictionaryRef classesToMatch;
3031 const char *matching_array[] = {kIODVDMediaClass, kIOCDMediaClass};
3032 char *mediaType = NULL;
3034 kernResult = IOMasterPort( MACH_PORT_NULL, &masterPort );
3035 if ( KERN_SUCCESS != kernResult ) {
3036 printf( "IOMasterPort returned %d\n", kernResult );
3040 for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(matching_array); index++) {
3041 classesToMatch = IOServiceMatching(matching_array[index]);
3042 if (classesToMatch == NULL) {
3043 error_report("IOServiceMatching returned NULL for %s",
3044 matching_array[index]);
3047 CFDictionarySetValue(classesToMatch, CFSTR(kIOMediaEjectableKey),
3049 kernResult = IOServiceGetMatchingServices(masterPort, classesToMatch,
3051 if (kernResult != KERN_SUCCESS) {
3052 error_report("Note: IOServiceGetMatchingServices returned %d",
3057 /* If a match was found, leave the loop */
3058 if (*mediaIterator != 0) {
3059 trace_file_FindEjectableOpticalMedia(matching_array[index]);
3060 mediaType = g_strdup(matching_array[index]);
3067 kern_return_t GetBSDPath(io_iterator_t mediaIterator, char *bsdPath,
3068 CFIndex maxPathSize, int flags)
3070 io_object_t nextMedia;
3071 kern_return_t kernResult = KERN_FAILURE;
3073 nextMedia = IOIteratorNext( mediaIterator );
3076 CFTypeRef bsdPathAsCFString;
3077 bsdPathAsCFString = IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty( nextMedia, CFSTR( kIOBSDNameKey ), kCFAllocatorDefault, 0 );
3078 if ( bsdPathAsCFString ) {
3079 size_t devPathLength;
3080 strcpy( bsdPath, _PATH_DEV );
3081 if (flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE) {
3082 strcat(bsdPath, "r");
3084 devPathLength = strlen( bsdPath );
3085 if ( CFStringGetCString( bsdPathAsCFString, bsdPath + devPathLength, maxPathSize - devPathLength, kCFStringEncodingASCII ) ) {
3086 kernResult = KERN_SUCCESS;
3088 CFRelease( bsdPathAsCFString );
3090 IOObjectRelease( nextMedia );
3096 /* Sets up a real cdrom for use in QEMU */
3097 static bool setup_cdrom(char *bsd_path, Error **errp)
3099 int index, num_of_test_partitions = 2, fd;
3100 char test_partition[MAXPATHLEN];
3101 bool partition_found = false;
3103 /* look for a working partition */
3104 for (index = 0; index < num_of_test_partitions; index++) {
3105 snprintf(test_partition, sizeof(test_partition), "%ss%d", bsd_path,
3107 fd = qemu_open(test_partition, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY | O_LARGEFILE);
3109 partition_found = true;
3115 /* if a working partition on the device was not found */
3116 if (partition_found == false) {
3117 error_setg(errp, "Failed to find a working partition on disc");
3119 trace_file_setup_cdrom(test_partition);
3120 pstrcpy(bsd_path, MAXPATHLEN, test_partition);
3122 return partition_found;
3125 /* Prints directions on mounting and unmounting a device */
3126 static void print_unmounting_directions(const char *file_name)
3128 error_report("If device %s is mounted on the desktop, unmount"
3129 " it first before using it in QEMU", file_name);
3130 error_report("Command to unmount device: diskutil unmountDisk %s",
3132 error_report("Command to mount device: diskutil mountDisk %s", file_name);
3135 #endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__) */
3137 static int hdev_probe_device(const char *filename)
3141 /* allow a dedicated CD-ROM driver to match with a higher priority */
3142 if (strstart(filename, "/dev/cdrom", NULL))
3145 if (stat(filename, &st) >= 0 &&
3146 (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st.st_mode))) {
3153 static int check_hdev_writable(BDRVRawState *s)
3155 #if defined(BLKROGET)
3156 /* Linux block devices can be configured "read-only" using blockdev(8).
3157 * This is independent of device node permissions and therefore open(2)
3158 * with O_RDWR succeeds. Actual writes fail with EPERM.
3160 * bdrv_open() is supposed to fail if the disk is read-only. Explicitly
3161 * check for read-only block devices so that Linux block devices behave
3167 if (fstat(s->fd, &st)) {
3171 if (!S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
3175 if (ioctl(s->fd, BLKROGET, &readonly) < 0) {
3182 #endif /* defined(BLKROGET) */
3186 static void hdev_parse_filename(const char *filename, QDict *options,
3189 bdrv_parse_filename_strip_prefix(filename, "host_device:", options);
3192 static bool hdev_is_sg(BlockDriverState *bs)
3195 #if defined(__linux__)
3197 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3199 struct sg_scsi_id scsiid;
3203 if (stat(bs->filename, &st) < 0 || !S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
3207 ret = ioctl(s->fd, SG_GET_VERSION_NUM, &sg_version);
3212 ret = ioctl(s->fd, SG_GET_SCSI_ID, &scsiid);
3214 trace_file_hdev_is_sg(scsiid.scsi_type, sg_version);
3223 static int hdev_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
3226 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3227 Error *local_err = NULL;
3230 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
3232 * Caution: while qdict_get_str() is fine, getting non-string types
3233 * would require more care. When @options come from -blockdev or
3234 * blockdev_add, its members are typed according to the QAPI
3235 * schema, but when they come from -drive, they're all QString.
3237 const char *filename = qdict_get_str(options, "filename");
3238 char bsd_path[MAXPATHLEN] = "";
3239 bool error_occurred = false;
3241 /* If using a real cdrom */
3242 if (strcmp(filename, "/dev/cdrom") == 0) {
3243 char *mediaType = NULL;
3244 kern_return_t ret_val;
3245 io_iterator_t mediaIterator = 0;
3247 mediaType = FindEjectableOpticalMedia(&mediaIterator);
3248 if (mediaType == NULL) {
3249 error_setg(errp, "Please make sure your CD/DVD is in the optical"
3251 error_occurred = true;
3252 goto hdev_open_Mac_error;
3255 ret_val = GetBSDPath(mediaIterator, bsd_path, sizeof(bsd_path), flags);
3256 if (ret_val != KERN_SUCCESS) {
3257 error_setg(errp, "Could not get BSD path for optical drive");
3258 error_occurred = true;
3259 goto hdev_open_Mac_error;
3262 /* If a real optical drive was not found */
3263 if (bsd_path[0] == '\0') {
3264 error_setg(errp, "Failed to obtain bsd path for optical drive");
3265 error_occurred = true;
3266 goto hdev_open_Mac_error;
3269 /* If using a cdrom disc and finding a partition on the disc failed */
3270 if (strncmp(mediaType, kIOCDMediaClass, 9) == 0 &&
3271 setup_cdrom(bsd_path, errp) == false) {
3272 print_unmounting_directions(bsd_path);
3273 error_occurred = true;
3274 goto hdev_open_Mac_error;
3277 qdict_put_str(options, "filename", bsd_path);
3279 hdev_open_Mac_error:
3281 if (mediaIterator) {
3282 IOObjectRelease(mediaIterator);
3284 if (error_occurred) {
3288 #endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__) */
3290 s->type = FTYPE_FILE;
3292 ret = raw_open_common(bs, options, flags, 0, true, &local_err);
3294 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
3295 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
3297 filename = bsd_path;
3299 /* if a physical device experienced an error while being opened */
3300 if (strncmp(filename, "/dev/", 5) == 0) {
3301 print_unmounting_directions(filename);
3303 #endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__) */
3307 /* Since this does ioctl the device must be already opened */
3308 bs->sg = hdev_is_sg(bs);
3310 if (flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) {
3311 ret = check_hdev_writable(s);
3314 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "The device is not writable");
3322 #if defined(__linux__)
3323 static int coroutine_fn
3324 hdev_co_ioctl(BlockDriverState *bs, unsigned long int req, void *buf)
3326 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3327 RawPosixAIOData acb;
3335 if (req == SG_IO && s->pr_mgr) {
3336 struct sg_io_hdr *io_hdr = buf;
3337 if (io_hdr->cmdp[0] == PERSISTENT_RESERVE_OUT ||
3338 io_hdr->cmdp[0] == PERSISTENT_RESERVE_IN) {
3339 return pr_manager_execute(s->pr_mgr, bdrv_get_aio_context(bs),
3344 acb = (RawPosixAIOData) {
3346 .aio_type = QEMU_AIO_IOCTL,
3347 .aio_fildes = s->fd,
3355 return raw_thread_pool_submit(bs, handle_aiocb_ioctl, &acb);
3359 static int fd_open(BlockDriverState *bs)
3361 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3363 /* this is just to ensure s->fd is sane (its called by io ops) */
3369 static coroutine_fn int
3370 hdev_co_pdiscard(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int bytes)
3378 return raw_do_pdiscard(bs, offset, bytes, true);
3381 static coroutine_fn int hdev_co_pwrite_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs,
3382 int64_t offset, int bytes, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
3391 return raw_do_pwrite_zeroes(bs, offset, bytes, flags, true);
3394 static int coroutine_fn hdev_co_create_opts(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts,
3399 struct stat stat_buf;
3400 int64_t total_size = 0;
3403 /* This function is used by both protocol block drivers and therefore either
3404 * of these prefixes may be given.
3405 * The return value has to be stored somewhere, otherwise this is an error
3406 * due to -Werror=unused-value. */
3408 strstart(filename, "host_device:", &filename) ||
3409 strstart(filename, "host_cdrom:" , &filename);
3413 ret = raw_normalize_devicepath(&filename, errp);
3418 /* Read out options */
3419 total_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
3422 fd = qemu_open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_BINARY);
3425 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not open device");
3429 if (fstat(fd, &stat_buf) < 0) {
3431 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not stat device");
3432 } else if (!S_ISBLK(stat_buf.st_mode) && !S_ISCHR(stat_buf.st_mode)) {
3434 "The given file is neither a block nor a character device");
3436 } else if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) < total_size) {
3437 error_setg(errp, "Device is too small");
3441 if (!ret && total_size) {
3442 uint8_t buf[BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE] = { 0 };
3443 int64_t zero_size = MIN(BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, total_size);
3444 if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
3447 ret = qemu_write_full(fd, buf, zero_size);
3448 ret = ret == zero_size ? 0 : -errno;
3455 static BlockDriver bdrv_host_device = {
3456 .format_name = "host_device",
3457 .protocol_name = "host_device",
3458 .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVRawState),
3459 .bdrv_needs_filename = true,
3460 .bdrv_probe_device = hdev_probe_device,
3461 .bdrv_parse_filename = hdev_parse_filename,
3462 .bdrv_file_open = hdev_open,
3463 .bdrv_close = raw_close,
3464 .bdrv_reopen_prepare = raw_reopen_prepare,
3465 .bdrv_reopen_commit = raw_reopen_commit,
3466 .bdrv_reopen_abort = raw_reopen_abort,
3467 .bdrv_co_create_opts = hdev_co_create_opts,
3468 .create_opts = &raw_create_opts,
3469 .mutable_opts = mutable_opts,
3470 .bdrv_co_invalidate_cache = raw_co_invalidate_cache,
3471 .bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes = hdev_co_pwrite_zeroes,
3473 .bdrv_co_preadv = raw_co_preadv,
3474 .bdrv_co_pwritev = raw_co_pwritev,
3475 .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk = raw_co_flush_to_disk,
3476 .bdrv_co_pdiscard = hdev_co_pdiscard,
3477 .bdrv_co_copy_range_from = raw_co_copy_range_from,
3478 .bdrv_co_copy_range_to = raw_co_copy_range_to,
3479 .bdrv_refresh_limits = raw_refresh_limits,
3480 .bdrv_io_plug = raw_aio_plug,
3481 .bdrv_io_unplug = raw_aio_unplug,
3482 .bdrv_attach_aio_context = raw_aio_attach_aio_context,
3484 .bdrv_co_truncate = raw_co_truncate,
3485 .bdrv_getlength = raw_getlength,
3486 .bdrv_get_info = raw_get_info,
3487 .bdrv_get_allocated_file_size
3488 = raw_get_allocated_file_size,
3489 .bdrv_check_perm = raw_check_perm,
3490 .bdrv_set_perm = raw_set_perm,
3491 .bdrv_abort_perm_update = raw_abort_perm_update,
3492 .bdrv_probe_blocksizes = hdev_probe_blocksizes,
3493 .bdrv_probe_geometry = hdev_probe_geometry,
3495 /* generic scsi device */
3497 .bdrv_co_ioctl = hdev_co_ioctl,
3501 #if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
3502 static void cdrom_parse_filename(const char *filename, QDict *options,
3505 bdrv_parse_filename_strip_prefix(filename, "host_cdrom:", options);
3510 static int cdrom_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
3513 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3517 /* open will not fail even if no CD is inserted, so add O_NONBLOCK */
3518 return raw_open_common(bs, options, flags, O_NONBLOCK, true, errp);
3521 static int cdrom_probe_device(const char *filename)
3527 fd = qemu_open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
3531 ret = fstat(fd, &st);
3532 if (ret == -1 || !S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
3536 /* Attempt to detect via a CDROM specific ioctl */
3537 ret = ioctl(fd, CDROM_DRIVE_STATUS, CDSL_CURRENT);
3547 static bool cdrom_is_inserted(BlockDriverState *bs)
3549 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3552 ret = ioctl(s->fd, CDROM_DRIVE_STATUS, CDSL_CURRENT);
3553 return ret == CDS_DISC_OK;
3556 static void cdrom_eject(BlockDriverState *bs, bool eject_flag)
3558 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3561 if (ioctl(s->fd, CDROMEJECT, NULL) < 0)
3562 perror("CDROMEJECT");
3564 if (ioctl(s->fd, CDROMCLOSETRAY, NULL) < 0)
3565 perror("CDROMEJECT");
3569 static void cdrom_lock_medium(BlockDriverState *bs, bool locked)
3571 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3573 if (ioctl(s->fd, CDROM_LOCKDOOR, locked) < 0) {
3575 * Note: an error can happen if the distribution automatically
3578 /* perror("CDROM_LOCKDOOR"); */
3582 static BlockDriver bdrv_host_cdrom = {
3583 .format_name = "host_cdrom",
3584 .protocol_name = "host_cdrom",
3585 .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVRawState),
3586 .bdrv_needs_filename = true,
3587 .bdrv_probe_device = cdrom_probe_device,
3588 .bdrv_parse_filename = cdrom_parse_filename,
3589 .bdrv_file_open = cdrom_open,
3590 .bdrv_close = raw_close,
3591 .bdrv_reopen_prepare = raw_reopen_prepare,
3592 .bdrv_reopen_commit = raw_reopen_commit,
3593 .bdrv_reopen_abort = raw_reopen_abort,
3594 .bdrv_co_create_opts = hdev_co_create_opts,
3595 .create_opts = &raw_create_opts,
3596 .mutable_opts = mutable_opts,
3597 .bdrv_co_invalidate_cache = raw_co_invalidate_cache,
3600 .bdrv_co_preadv = raw_co_preadv,
3601 .bdrv_co_pwritev = raw_co_pwritev,
3602 .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk = raw_co_flush_to_disk,
3603 .bdrv_refresh_limits = raw_refresh_limits,
3604 .bdrv_io_plug = raw_aio_plug,
3605 .bdrv_io_unplug = raw_aio_unplug,
3606 .bdrv_attach_aio_context = raw_aio_attach_aio_context,
3608 .bdrv_co_truncate = raw_co_truncate,
3609 .bdrv_getlength = raw_getlength,
3610 .has_variable_length = true,
3611 .bdrv_get_allocated_file_size
3612 = raw_get_allocated_file_size,
3614 /* removable device support */
3615 .bdrv_is_inserted = cdrom_is_inserted,
3616 .bdrv_eject = cdrom_eject,
3617 .bdrv_lock_medium = cdrom_lock_medium,
3619 /* generic scsi device */
3620 .bdrv_co_ioctl = hdev_co_ioctl,
3622 #endif /* __linux__ */
3624 #if defined (__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
3625 static int cdrom_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
3628 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3629 Error *local_err = NULL;
3634 ret = raw_open_common(bs, options, flags, 0, true, &local_err);
3636 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
3640 /* make sure the door isn't locked at this time */
3641 ioctl(s->fd, CDIOCALLOW);
3645 static int cdrom_probe_device(const char *filename)
3647 if (strstart(filename, "/dev/cd", NULL) ||
3648 strstart(filename, "/dev/acd", NULL))
3653 static int cdrom_reopen(BlockDriverState *bs)
3655 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3659 * Force reread of possibly changed/newly loaded disc,
3660 * FreeBSD seems to not notice sometimes...
3664 fd = qemu_open(bs->filename, s->open_flags, 0644);
3671 /* make sure the door isn't locked at this time */
3672 ioctl(s->fd, CDIOCALLOW);
3676 static bool cdrom_is_inserted(BlockDriverState *bs)
3678 return raw_getlength(bs) > 0;
3681 static void cdrom_eject(BlockDriverState *bs, bool eject_flag)
3683 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3688 (void) ioctl(s->fd, CDIOCALLOW);
3691 if (ioctl(s->fd, CDIOCEJECT) < 0)
3692 perror("CDIOCEJECT");
3694 if (ioctl(s->fd, CDIOCCLOSE) < 0)
3695 perror("CDIOCCLOSE");
3701 static void cdrom_lock_medium(BlockDriverState *bs, bool locked)
3703 BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
3707 if (ioctl(s->fd, (locked ? CDIOCPREVENT : CDIOCALLOW)) < 0) {
3709 * Note: an error can happen if the distribution automatically
3712 /* perror("CDROM_LOCKDOOR"); */
3716 static BlockDriver bdrv_host_cdrom = {
3717 .format_name = "host_cdrom",
3718 .protocol_name = "host_cdrom",
3719 .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVRawState),
3720 .bdrv_needs_filename = true,
3721 .bdrv_probe_device = cdrom_probe_device,
3722 .bdrv_parse_filename = cdrom_parse_filename,
3723 .bdrv_file_open = cdrom_open,
3724 .bdrv_close = raw_close,
3725 .bdrv_reopen_prepare = raw_reopen_prepare,
3726 .bdrv_reopen_commit = raw_reopen_commit,
3727 .bdrv_reopen_abort = raw_reopen_abort,
3728 .bdrv_co_create_opts = hdev_co_create_opts,
3729 .create_opts = &raw_create_opts,
3730 .mutable_opts = mutable_opts,
3732 .bdrv_co_preadv = raw_co_preadv,
3733 .bdrv_co_pwritev = raw_co_pwritev,
3734 .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk = raw_co_flush_to_disk,
3735 .bdrv_refresh_limits = raw_refresh_limits,
3736 .bdrv_io_plug = raw_aio_plug,
3737 .bdrv_io_unplug = raw_aio_unplug,
3738 .bdrv_attach_aio_context = raw_aio_attach_aio_context,
3740 .bdrv_co_truncate = raw_co_truncate,
3741 .bdrv_getlength = raw_getlength,
3742 .has_variable_length = true,
3743 .bdrv_get_allocated_file_size
3744 = raw_get_allocated_file_size,
3746 /* removable device support */
3747 .bdrv_is_inserted = cdrom_is_inserted,
3748 .bdrv_eject = cdrom_eject,
3749 .bdrv_lock_medium = cdrom_lock_medium,
3751 #endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
3753 static void bdrv_file_init(void)
3756 * Register all the drivers. Note that order is important, the driver
3757 * registered last will get probed first.
3759 bdrv_register(&bdrv_file);
3760 bdrv_register(&bdrv_host_device);
3762 bdrv_register(&bdrv_host_cdrom);
3764 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
3765 bdrv_register(&bdrv_host_cdrom);
3769 block_init(bdrv_file_init);