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block/vdi: allow disk sizes not multiple of block size
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1 /*
2  * Block driver for the QCOW version 2 format
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24
25 #include "qemu-common.h"
26 #include "block_int.h"
27 #include "block/qcow2.h"
28
29 static int64_t alloc_clusters_noref(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t size);
30 static int update_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs,
31                             int64_t offset, int64_t length,
32                             int addend);
33
34
35 static int cache_refcount_updates = 0;
36
37 static int write_refcount_block(BDRVQcowState *s)
38 {
39     size_t size = s->cluster_size;
40
41     if (s->refcount_block_cache_offset == 0) {
42         return 0;
43     }
44
45     if (bdrv_pwrite(s->hd, s->refcount_block_cache_offset,
46             s->refcount_block_cache, size) != size)
47     {
48         return -EIO;
49     }
50
51     return 0;
52 }
53
54 /*********************************************************/
55 /* refcount handling */
56
57 int qcow2_refcount_init(BlockDriverState *bs)
58 {
59     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
60     int ret, refcount_table_size2, i;
61
62     s->refcount_block_cache = qemu_malloc(s->cluster_size);
63     refcount_table_size2 = s->refcount_table_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
64     s->refcount_table = qemu_malloc(refcount_table_size2);
65     if (s->refcount_table_size > 0) {
66         ret = bdrv_pread(s->hd, s->refcount_table_offset,
67                          s->refcount_table, refcount_table_size2);
68         if (ret != refcount_table_size2)
69             goto fail;
70         for(i = 0; i < s->refcount_table_size; i++)
71             be64_to_cpus(&s->refcount_table[i]);
72     }
73     return 0;
74  fail:
75     return -ENOMEM;
76 }
77
78 void qcow2_refcount_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
79 {
80     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
81     qemu_free(s->refcount_block_cache);
82     qemu_free(s->refcount_table);
83 }
84
85
86 static int load_refcount_block(BlockDriverState *bs,
87                                int64_t refcount_block_offset)
88 {
89     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
90     int ret;
91
92     if (cache_refcount_updates) {
93         write_refcount_block(s);
94     }
95
96     ret = bdrv_pread(s->hd, refcount_block_offset, s->refcount_block_cache,
97                      s->cluster_size);
98     if (ret != s->cluster_size)
99         return -EIO;
100     s->refcount_block_cache_offset = refcount_block_offset;
101     return 0;
102 }
103
104 static int get_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t cluster_index)
105 {
106     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
107     int refcount_table_index, block_index;
108     int64_t refcount_block_offset;
109
110     refcount_table_index = cluster_index >> (s->cluster_bits - REFCOUNT_SHIFT);
111     if (refcount_table_index >= s->refcount_table_size)
112         return 0;
113     refcount_block_offset = s->refcount_table[refcount_table_index];
114     if (!refcount_block_offset)
115         return 0;
116     if (refcount_block_offset != s->refcount_block_cache_offset) {
117         /* better than nothing: return allocated if read error */
118         if (load_refcount_block(bs, refcount_block_offset) < 0)
119             return 1;
120     }
121     block_index = cluster_index &
122         ((1 << (s->cluster_bits - REFCOUNT_SHIFT)) - 1);
123     return be16_to_cpu(s->refcount_block_cache[block_index]);
124 }
125
126 static int grow_refcount_table(BlockDriverState *bs, int min_size)
127 {
128     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
129     int new_table_size, new_table_size2, refcount_table_clusters, i, ret;
130     uint64_t *new_table;
131     int64_t table_offset;
132     uint8_t data[12];
133     int old_table_size;
134     int64_t old_table_offset;
135
136     if (min_size <= s->refcount_table_size)
137         return 0;
138     /* compute new table size */
139     refcount_table_clusters = s->refcount_table_size >> (s->cluster_bits - 3);
140     for(;;) {
141         if (refcount_table_clusters == 0) {
142             refcount_table_clusters = 1;
143         } else {
144             refcount_table_clusters = (refcount_table_clusters * 3 + 1) / 2;
145         }
146         new_table_size = refcount_table_clusters << (s->cluster_bits - 3);
147         if (min_size <= new_table_size)
148             break;
149     }
150 #ifdef DEBUG_ALLOC2
151     printf("grow_refcount_table from %d to %d\n",
152            s->refcount_table_size,
153            new_table_size);
154 #endif
155     new_table_size2 = new_table_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
156     new_table = qemu_mallocz(new_table_size2);
157     memcpy(new_table, s->refcount_table,
158            s->refcount_table_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
159     for(i = 0; i < s->refcount_table_size; i++)
160         cpu_to_be64s(&new_table[i]);
161     /* Note: we cannot update the refcount now to avoid recursion */
162     table_offset = alloc_clusters_noref(bs, new_table_size2);
163     ret = bdrv_pwrite(s->hd, table_offset, new_table, new_table_size2);
164     if (ret != new_table_size2)
165         goto fail;
166     for(i = 0; i < s->refcount_table_size; i++)
167         be64_to_cpus(&new_table[i]);
168
169     cpu_to_be64w((uint64_t*)data, table_offset);
170     cpu_to_be32w((uint32_t*)(data + 8), refcount_table_clusters);
171     if (bdrv_pwrite(s->hd, offsetof(QCowHeader, refcount_table_offset),
172                     data, sizeof(data)) != sizeof(data))
173         goto fail;
174     qemu_free(s->refcount_table);
175     old_table_offset = s->refcount_table_offset;
176     old_table_size = s->refcount_table_size;
177     s->refcount_table = new_table;
178     s->refcount_table_size = new_table_size;
179     s->refcount_table_offset = table_offset;
180
181     update_refcount(bs, table_offset, new_table_size2, 1);
182     qcow2_free_clusters(bs, old_table_offset, old_table_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
183     return 0;
184  fail:
185     qemu_free(new_table);
186     return -EIO;
187 }
188
189
190 static int64_t alloc_refcount_block(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t cluster_index)
191 {
192     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
193     int64_t offset, refcount_block_offset;
194     unsigned int refcount_table_index;
195     int ret;
196     uint64_t data64;
197     int cache = cache_refcount_updates;
198
199     /* Find L1 index and grow refcount table if needed */
200     refcount_table_index = cluster_index >> (s->cluster_bits - REFCOUNT_SHIFT);
201     if (refcount_table_index >= s->refcount_table_size) {
202         ret = grow_refcount_table(bs, refcount_table_index + 1);
203         if (ret < 0)
204             return ret;
205     }
206
207     /* Load or allocate the refcount block */
208     refcount_block_offset = s->refcount_table[refcount_table_index];
209     if (!refcount_block_offset) {
210         if (cache_refcount_updates) {
211             write_refcount_block(s);
212             cache_refcount_updates = 0;
213         }
214         /* create a new refcount block */
215         /* Note: we cannot update the refcount now to avoid recursion */
216         offset = alloc_clusters_noref(bs, s->cluster_size);
217         memset(s->refcount_block_cache, 0, s->cluster_size);
218         ret = bdrv_pwrite(s->hd, offset, s->refcount_block_cache, s->cluster_size);
219         if (ret != s->cluster_size)
220             return -EINVAL;
221         s->refcount_table[refcount_table_index] = offset;
222         data64 = cpu_to_be64(offset);
223         ret = bdrv_pwrite(s->hd, s->refcount_table_offset +
224                           refcount_table_index * sizeof(uint64_t),
225                           &data64, sizeof(data64));
226         if (ret != sizeof(data64))
227             return -EINVAL;
228
229         refcount_block_offset = offset;
230         s->refcount_block_cache_offset = offset;
231         update_refcount(bs, offset, s->cluster_size, 1);
232         cache_refcount_updates = cache;
233     } else {
234         if (refcount_block_offset != s->refcount_block_cache_offset) {
235             if (load_refcount_block(bs, refcount_block_offset) < 0)
236                 return -EIO;
237         }
238     }
239
240     return refcount_block_offset;
241 }
242
243 #define REFCOUNTS_PER_SECTOR (512 >> REFCOUNT_SHIFT)
244 static int write_refcount_block_entries(BDRVQcowState *s,
245     int64_t refcount_block_offset, int first_index, int last_index)
246 {
247     size_t size;
248
249     if (cache_refcount_updates) {
250         return 0;
251     }
252
253     first_index &= ~(REFCOUNTS_PER_SECTOR - 1);
254     last_index = (last_index + REFCOUNTS_PER_SECTOR)
255         & ~(REFCOUNTS_PER_SECTOR - 1);
256
257     size = (last_index - first_index) << REFCOUNT_SHIFT;
258     if (bdrv_pwrite(s->hd,
259         refcount_block_offset + (first_index << REFCOUNT_SHIFT),
260         &s->refcount_block_cache[first_index], size) != size)
261     {
262         return -EIO;
263     }
264
265     return 0;
266 }
267
268 /* XXX: cache several refcount block clusters ? */
269 static int update_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs,
270                             int64_t offset, int64_t length,
271                             int addend)
272 {
273     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
274     int64_t start, last, cluster_offset;
275     int64_t refcount_block_offset = 0;
276     int64_t table_index = -1, old_table_index;
277     int first_index = -1, last_index = -1;
278
279 #ifdef DEBUG_ALLOC2
280     printf("update_refcount: offset=%" PRId64 " size=%" PRId64 " addend=%d\n",
281            offset, length, addend);
282 #endif
283     if (length <= 0)
284         return -EINVAL;
285     start = offset & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
286     last = (offset + length - 1) & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
287     for(cluster_offset = start; cluster_offset <= last;
288         cluster_offset += s->cluster_size)
289     {
290         int block_index, refcount;
291         int64_t cluster_index = cluster_offset >> s->cluster_bits;
292
293         /* Only write refcount block to disk when we are done with it */
294         old_table_index = table_index;
295         table_index = cluster_index >> (s->cluster_bits - REFCOUNT_SHIFT);
296         if ((old_table_index >= 0) && (table_index != old_table_index)) {
297
298             if (write_refcount_block_entries(s, refcount_block_offset,
299                 first_index, last_index) < 0)
300             {
301                 return -EIO;
302             }
303
304             first_index = -1;
305             last_index = -1;
306         }
307
308         /* Load the refcount block and allocate it if needed */
309         refcount_block_offset = alloc_refcount_block(bs, cluster_index);
310         if (refcount_block_offset < 0) {
311             return refcount_block_offset;
312         }
313
314         /* we can update the count and save it */
315         block_index = cluster_index &
316             ((1 << (s->cluster_bits - REFCOUNT_SHIFT)) - 1);
317         if (first_index == -1 || block_index < first_index) {
318             first_index = block_index;
319         }
320         if (block_index > last_index) {
321             last_index = block_index;
322         }
323
324         refcount = be16_to_cpu(s->refcount_block_cache[block_index]);
325         refcount += addend;
326         if (refcount < 0 || refcount > 0xffff)
327             return -EINVAL;
328         if (refcount == 0 && cluster_index < s->free_cluster_index) {
329             s->free_cluster_index = cluster_index;
330         }
331         s->refcount_block_cache[block_index] = cpu_to_be16(refcount);
332     }
333
334     /* Write last changed block to disk */
335     if (refcount_block_offset != 0) {
336         if (write_refcount_block_entries(s, refcount_block_offset,
337             first_index, last_index) < 0)
338         {
339             return -EIO;
340         }
341     }
342
343     return 0;
344 }
345
346 /* addend must be 1 or -1 */
347 static int update_cluster_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs,
348                                    int64_t cluster_index,
349                                    int addend)
350 {
351     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
352     int ret;
353
354     ret = update_refcount(bs, cluster_index << s->cluster_bits, 1, addend);
355     if (ret < 0) {
356         return ret;
357     }
358
359     return get_refcount(bs, cluster_index);
360 }
361
362
363
364 /*********************************************************/
365 /* cluster allocation functions */
366
367
368
369 /* return < 0 if error */
370 static int64_t alloc_clusters_noref(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t size)
371 {
372     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
373     int i, nb_clusters;
374
375     nb_clusters = size_to_clusters(s, size);
376 retry:
377     for(i = 0; i < nb_clusters; i++) {
378         int64_t i = s->free_cluster_index++;
379         if (get_refcount(bs, i) != 0)
380             goto retry;
381     }
382 #ifdef DEBUG_ALLOC2
383     printf("alloc_clusters: size=%" PRId64 " -> %" PRId64 "\n",
384             size,
385             (s->free_cluster_index - nb_clusters) << s->cluster_bits);
386 #endif
387     return (s->free_cluster_index - nb_clusters) << s->cluster_bits;
388 }
389
390 int64_t qcow2_alloc_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t size)
391 {
392     int64_t offset;
393
394     offset = alloc_clusters_noref(bs, size);
395     update_refcount(bs, offset, size, 1);
396     return offset;
397 }
398
399 /* only used to allocate compressed sectors. We try to allocate
400    contiguous sectors. size must be <= cluster_size */
401 int64_t qcow2_alloc_bytes(BlockDriverState *bs, int size)
402 {
403     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
404     int64_t offset, cluster_offset;
405     int free_in_cluster;
406
407     assert(size > 0 && size <= s->cluster_size);
408     if (s->free_byte_offset == 0) {
409         s->free_byte_offset = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, s->cluster_size);
410     }
411  redo:
412     free_in_cluster = s->cluster_size -
413         (s->free_byte_offset & (s->cluster_size - 1));
414     if (size <= free_in_cluster) {
415         /* enough space in current cluster */
416         offset = s->free_byte_offset;
417         s->free_byte_offset += size;
418         free_in_cluster -= size;
419         if (free_in_cluster == 0)
420             s->free_byte_offset = 0;
421         if ((offset & (s->cluster_size - 1)) != 0)
422             update_cluster_refcount(bs, offset >> s->cluster_bits, 1);
423     } else {
424         offset = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, s->cluster_size);
425         cluster_offset = s->free_byte_offset & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
426         if ((cluster_offset + s->cluster_size) == offset) {
427             /* we are lucky: contiguous data */
428             offset = s->free_byte_offset;
429             update_cluster_refcount(bs, offset >> s->cluster_bits, 1);
430             s->free_byte_offset += size;
431         } else {
432             s->free_byte_offset = offset;
433             goto redo;
434         }
435     }
436     return offset;
437 }
438
439 void qcow2_free_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs,
440                           int64_t offset, int64_t size)
441 {
442     update_refcount(bs, offset, size, -1);
443 }
444
445 /*
446  * free_any_clusters
447  *
448  * free clusters according to its type: compressed or not
449  *
450  */
451
452 void qcow2_free_any_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs,
453     uint64_t cluster_offset, int nb_clusters)
454 {
455     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
456
457     /* free the cluster */
458
459     if (cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) {
460         int nb_csectors;
461         nb_csectors = ((cluster_offset >> s->csize_shift) &
462                        s->csize_mask) + 1;
463         qcow2_free_clusters(bs,
464             (cluster_offset & s->cluster_offset_mask) & ~511,
465             nb_csectors * 512);
466         return;
467     }
468
469     qcow2_free_clusters(bs, cluster_offset, nb_clusters << s->cluster_bits);
470
471     return;
472 }
473
474
475
476 /*********************************************************/
477 /* snapshots and image creation */
478
479
480
481 void qcow2_create_refcount_update(QCowCreateState *s, int64_t offset,
482     int64_t size)
483 {
484     int refcount;
485     int64_t start, last, cluster_offset;
486     uint16_t *p;
487
488     start = offset & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
489     last = (offset + size - 1)  & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
490     for(cluster_offset = start; cluster_offset <= last;
491         cluster_offset += s->cluster_size) {
492         p = &s->refcount_block[cluster_offset >> s->cluster_bits];
493         refcount = be16_to_cpu(*p);
494         refcount++;
495         *p = cpu_to_be16(refcount);
496     }
497 }
498
499 /* update the refcounts of snapshots and the copied flag */
500 int qcow2_update_snapshot_refcount(BlockDriverState *bs,
501     int64_t l1_table_offset, int l1_size, int addend)
502 {
503     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
504     uint64_t *l1_table, *l2_table, l2_offset, offset, l1_size2, l1_allocated;
505     int64_t old_offset, old_l2_offset;
506     int l2_size, i, j, l1_modified, l2_modified, nb_csectors, refcount;
507
508     qcow2_l2_cache_reset(bs);
509     cache_refcount_updates = 1;
510
511     l2_table = NULL;
512     l1_table = NULL;
513     l1_size2 = l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
514     l1_allocated = 0;
515     if (l1_table_offset != s->l1_table_offset) {
516         if (l1_size2 != 0) {
517             l1_table = qemu_mallocz(align_offset(l1_size2, 512));
518         } else {
519             l1_table = NULL;
520         }
521         l1_allocated = 1;
522         if (bdrv_pread(s->hd, l1_table_offset,
523                        l1_table, l1_size2) != l1_size2)
524             goto fail;
525         for(i = 0;i < l1_size; i++)
526             be64_to_cpus(&l1_table[i]);
527     } else {
528         assert(l1_size == s->l1_size);
529         l1_table = s->l1_table;
530         l1_allocated = 0;
531     }
532
533     l2_size = s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
534     l2_table = qemu_malloc(l2_size);
535     l1_modified = 0;
536     for(i = 0; i < l1_size; i++) {
537         l2_offset = l1_table[i];
538         if (l2_offset) {
539             old_l2_offset = l2_offset;
540             l2_offset &= ~QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED;
541             l2_modified = 0;
542             if (bdrv_pread(s->hd, l2_offset, l2_table, l2_size) != l2_size)
543                 goto fail;
544             for(j = 0; j < s->l2_size; j++) {
545                 offset = be64_to_cpu(l2_table[j]);
546                 if (offset != 0) {
547                     old_offset = offset;
548                     offset &= ~QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED;
549                     if (offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) {
550                         nb_csectors = ((offset >> s->csize_shift) &
551                                        s->csize_mask) + 1;
552                         if (addend != 0)
553                             update_refcount(bs, (offset & s->cluster_offset_mask) & ~511,
554                                             nb_csectors * 512, addend);
555                         /* compressed clusters are never modified */
556                         refcount = 2;
557                     } else {
558                         if (addend != 0) {
559                             refcount = update_cluster_refcount(bs, offset >> s->cluster_bits, addend);
560                         } else {
561                             refcount = get_refcount(bs, offset >> s->cluster_bits);
562                         }
563                     }
564
565                     if (refcount == 1) {
566                         offset |= QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED;
567                     }
568                     if (offset != old_offset) {
569                         l2_table[j] = cpu_to_be64(offset);
570                         l2_modified = 1;
571                     }
572                 }
573             }
574             if (l2_modified) {
575                 if (bdrv_pwrite(s->hd,
576                                 l2_offset, l2_table, l2_size) != l2_size)
577                     goto fail;
578             }
579
580             if (addend != 0) {
581                 refcount = update_cluster_refcount(bs, l2_offset >> s->cluster_bits, addend);
582             } else {
583                 refcount = get_refcount(bs, l2_offset >> s->cluster_bits);
584             }
585             if (refcount == 1) {
586                 l2_offset |= QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED;
587             }
588             if (l2_offset != old_l2_offset) {
589                 l1_table[i] = l2_offset;
590                 l1_modified = 1;
591             }
592         }
593     }
594     if (l1_modified) {
595         for(i = 0; i < l1_size; i++)
596             cpu_to_be64s(&l1_table[i]);
597         if (bdrv_pwrite(s->hd, l1_table_offset, l1_table,
598                         l1_size2) != l1_size2)
599             goto fail;
600         for(i = 0; i < l1_size; i++)
601             be64_to_cpus(&l1_table[i]);
602     }
603     if (l1_allocated)
604         qemu_free(l1_table);
605     qemu_free(l2_table);
606     cache_refcount_updates = 0;
607     write_refcount_block(s);
608     return 0;
609  fail:
610     if (l1_allocated)
611         qemu_free(l1_table);
612     qemu_free(l2_table);
613     cache_refcount_updates = 0;
614     write_refcount_block(s);
615     return -EIO;
616 }
617
618
619
620
621 /*********************************************************/
622 /* refcount checking functions */
623
624
625
626 /*
627  * Increases the refcount for a range of clusters in a given refcount table.
628  * This is used to construct a temporary refcount table out of L1 and L2 tables
629  * which can be compared the the refcount table saved in the image.
630  *
631  * Returns the number of errors in the image that were found
632  */
633 static int inc_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs,
634                           uint16_t *refcount_table,
635                           int refcount_table_size,
636                           int64_t offset, int64_t size)
637 {
638     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
639     int64_t start, last, cluster_offset;
640     int k;
641     int errors = 0;
642
643     if (size <= 0)
644         return 0;
645
646     start = offset & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
647     last = (offset + size - 1) & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
648     for(cluster_offset = start; cluster_offset <= last;
649         cluster_offset += s->cluster_size) {
650         k = cluster_offset >> s->cluster_bits;
651         if (k < 0 || k >= refcount_table_size) {
652             fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: invalid cluster offset=0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
653                 cluster_offset);
654             errors++;
655         } else {
656             if (++refcount_table[k] == 0) {
657                 fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: overflow cluster offset=0x%" PRIx64
658                     "\n", cluster_offset);
659                 errors++;
660             }
661         }
662     }
663
664     return errors;
665 }
666
667 /*
668  * Increases the refcount in the given refcount table for the all clusters
669  * referenced in the L2 table. While doing so, performs some checks on L2
670  * entries.
671  *
672  * Returns the number of errors found by the checks or -errno if an internal
673  * error occurred.
674  */
675 static int check_refcounts_l2(BlockDriverState *bs,
676     uint16_t *refcount_table, int refcount_table_size, int64_t l2_offset,
677     int check_copied)
678 {
679     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
680     uint64_t *l2_table, offset;
681     int i, l2_size, nb_csectors, refcount;
682     int errors = 0;
683
684     /* Read L2 table from disk */
685     l2_size = s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
686     l2_table = qemu_malloc(l2_size);
687
688     if (bdrv_pread(s->hd, l2_offset, l2_table, l2_size) != l2_size)
689         goto fail;
690
691     /* Do the actual checks */
692     for(i = 0; i < s->l2_size; i++) {
693         offset = be64_to_cpu(l2_table[i]);
694         if (offset != 0) {
695             if (offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) {
696                 /* Compressed clusters don't have QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED */
697                 if (offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED) {
698                     fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: cluster %" PRId64 ": "
699                         "copied flag must never be set for compressed "
700                         "clusters\n", offset >> s->cluster_bits);
701                     offset &= ~QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED;
702                     errors++;
703                 }
704
705                 /* Mark cluster as used */
706                 nb_csectors = ((offset >> s->csize_shift) &
707                                s->csize_mask) + 1;
708                 offset &= s->cluster_offset_mask;
709                 errors += inc_refcounts(bs, refcount_table,
710                               refcount_table_size,
711                               offset & ~511, nb_csectors * 512);
712             } else {
713                 /* QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED must be set iff refcount == 1 */
714                 if (check_copied) {
715                     uint64_t entry = offset;
716                     offset &= ~QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED;
717                     refcount = get_refcount(bs, offset >> s->cluster_bits);
718                     if ((refcount == 1) != ((entry & QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED) != 0)) {
719                         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR OFLAG_COPIED: offset=%"
720                             PRIx64 " refcount=%d\n", entry, refcount);
721                         errors++;
722                     }
723                 }
724
725                 /* Mark cluster as used */
726                 offset &= ~QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED;
727                 errors += inc_refcounts(bs, refcount_table,
728                               refcount_table_size,
729                               offset, s->cluster_size);
730
731                 /* Correct offsets are cluster aligned */
732                 if (offset & (s->cluster_size - 1)) {
733                     fprintf(stderr, "ERROR offset=%" PRIx64 ": Cluster is not "
734                         "properly aligned; L2 entry corrupted.\n", offset);
735                     errors++;
736                 }
737             }
738         }
739     }
740
741     qemu_free(l2_table);
742     return errors;
743
744 fail:
745     fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: I/O error in check_refcounts_l1\n");
746     qemu_free(l2_table);
747     return -EIO;
748 }
749
750 /*
751  * Increases the refcount for the L1 table, its L2 tables and all referenced
752  * clusters in the given refcount table. While doing so, performs some checks
753  * on L1 and L2 entries.
754  *
755  * Returns the number of errors found by the checks or -errno if an internal
756  * error occurred.
757  */
758 static int check_refcounts_l1(BlockDriverState *bs,
759                               uint16_t *refcount_table,
760                               int refcount_table_size,
761                               int64_t l1_table_offset, int l1_size,
762                               int check_copied)
763 {
764     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
765     uint64_t *l1_table, l2_offset, l1_size2;
766     int i, refcount, ret;
767     int errors = 0;
768
769     l1_size2 = l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
770
771     /* Mark L1 table as used */
772     errors += inc_refcounts(bs, refcount_table, refcount_table_size,
773                   l1_table_offset, l1_size2);
774
775     /* Read L1 table entries from disk */
776     if (l1_size2 == 0) {
777         l1_table = NULL;
778     } else {
779         l1_table = qemu_malloc(l1_size2);
780         if (bdrv_pread(s->hd, l1_table_offset,
781                        l1_table, l1_size2) != l1_size2)
782             goto fail;
783         for(i = 0;i < l1_size; i++)
784             be64_to_cpus(&l1_table[i]);
785     }
786
787     /* Do the actual checks */
788     for(i = 0; i < l1_size; i++) {
789         l2_offset = l1_table[i];
790         if (l2_offset) {
791             /* QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED must be set iff refcount == 1 */
792             if (check_copied) {
793                 refcount = get_refcount(bs, (l2_offset & ~QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED)
794                     >> s->cluster_bits);
795                 if ((refcount == 1) != ((l2_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED) != 0)) {
796                     fprintf(stderr, "ERROR OFLAG_COPIED: l2_offset=%" PRIx64
797                         " refcount=%d\n", l2_offset, refcount);
798                     errors++;
799                 }
800             }
801
802             /* Mark L2 table as used */
803             l2_offset &= ~QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED;
804             errors += inc_refcounts(bs, refcount_table,
805                           refcount_table_size,
806                           l2_offset,
807                           s->cluster_size);
808
809             /* L2 tables are cluster aligned */
810             if (l2_offset & (s->cluster_size - 1)) {
811                 fprintf(stderr, "ERROR l2_offset=%" PRIx64 ": Table is not "
812                     "cluster aligned; L1 entry corrupted\n", l2_offset);
813                 errors++;
814             }
815
816             /* Process and check L2 entries */
817             ret = check_refcounts_l2(bs, refcount_table, refcount_table_size,
818                 l2_offset, check_copied);
819             if (ret < 0) {
820                 goto fail;
821             }
822             errors += ret;
823         }
824     }
825     qemu_free(l1_table);
826     return errors;
827
828 fail:
829     fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: I/O error in check_refcounts_l1\n");
830     qemu_free(l1_table);
831     return -EIO;
832 }
833
834 /*
835  * Checks an image for refcount consistency.
836  *
837  * Returns 0 if no errors are found, the number of errors in case the image is
838  * detected as corrupted, and -errno when an internal error occured.
839  */
840 int qcow2_check_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs)
841 {
842     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
843     int64_t size;
844     int nb_clusters, refcount1, refcount2, i;
845     QCowSnapshot *sn;
846     uint16_t *refcount_table;
847     int ret, errors = 0;
848
849     size = bdrv_getlength(s->hd);
850     nb_clusters = size_to_clusters(s, size);
851     refcount_table = qemu_mallocz(nb_clusters * sizeof(uint16_t));
852
853     /* header */
854     errors += inc_refcounts(bs, refcount_table, nb_clusters,
855                   0, s->cluster_size);
856
857     /* current L1 table */
858     ret = check_refcounts_l1(bs, refcount_table, nb_clusters,
859                        s->l1_table_offset, s->l1_size, 1);
860     if (ret < 0) {
861         return ret;
862     }
863     errors += ret;
864
865     /* snapshots */
866     for(i = 0; i < s->nb_snapshots; i++) {
867         sn = s->snapshots + i;
868         check_refcounts_l1(bs, refcount_table, nb_clusters,
869                            sn->l1_table_offset, sn->l1_size, 0);
870     }
871     errors += inc_refcounts(bs, refcount_table, nb_clusters,
872                   s->snapshots_offset, s->snapshots_size);
873
874     /* refcount data */
875     errors += inc_refcounts(bs, refcount_table, nb_clusters,
876                   s->refcount_table_offset,
877                   s->refcount_table_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
878     for(i = 0; i < s->refcount_table_size; i++) {
879         int64_t offset;
880         offset = s->refcount_table[i];
881         if (offset != 0) {
882             errors += inc_refcounts(bs, refcount_table, nb_clusters,
883                           offset, s->cluster_size);
884         }
885     }
886
887     /* compare ref counts */
888     for(i = 0; i < nb_clusters; i++) {
889         refcount1 = get_refcount(bs, i);
890         refcount2 = refcount_table[i];
891         if (refcount1 != refcount2) {
892             fprintf(stderr, "ERROR cluster %d refcount=%d reference=%d\n",
893                    i, refcount1, refcount2);
894             errors++;
895         }
896     }
897
898     qemu_free(refcount_table);
899
900     return errors;
901 }
902
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