2 * Secure Shell (ssh) backend for QEMU.
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include <libssh2_sftp.h>
30 #include "block/block_int.h"
31 #include "block/qdict.h"
32 #include "qapi/error.h"
33 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
34 #include "qemu/option.h"
35 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
36 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
38 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-sockets.h"
39 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
40 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
41 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
42 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
43 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
45 /* DEBUG_SSH=1 enables the DPRINTF (debugging printf) statements in
46 * this block driver code.
48 * TRACE_LIBSSH2=<bitmask> enables tracing in libssh2 itself. Note
49 * that this requires that libssh2 was specially compiled with the
50 * `./configure --enable-debug' option, so most likely you will have
51 * to compile it yourself. The meaning of <bitmask> is described
52 * here: http://www.libssh2.org/libssh2_trace.html
55 #define TRACE_LIBSSH2 0 /* or try: LIBSSH2_TRACE_SFTP */
57 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
60 fprintf(stderr, "ssh: %-15s " fmt "\n", \
61 __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
65 typedef struct BDRVSSHState {
70 int sock; /* socket */
71 LIBSSH2_SESSION *session; /* ssh session */
72 LIBSSH2_SFTP *sftp; /* sftp session */
73 LIBSSH2_SFTP_HANDLE *sftp_handle; /* sftp remote file handle */
75 /* See ssh_seek() function below. */
79 /* File attributes at open. We try to keep the .filesize field
80 * updated if it changes (eg by writing at the end of the file).
82 LIBSSH2_SFTP_ATTRIBUTES attrs;
84 InetSocketAddress *inet;
86 /* Used to warn if 'flush' is not supported. */
87 bool unsafe_flush_warning;
90 static void ssh_state_init(BDRVSSHState *s)
92 memset(s, 0, sizeof *s);
95 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
98 static void ssh_state_free(BDRVSSHState *s)
100 if (s->sftp_handle) {
101 libssh2_sftp_close(s->sftp_handle);
104 libssh2_sftp_shutdown(s->sftp);
107 libssh2_session_disconnect(s->session,
108 "from qemu ssh client: "
109 "user closed the connection");
110 libssh2_session_free(s->session);
117 static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(3, 4)
118 session_error_setg(Error **errp, BDRVSSHState *s, const char *fs, ...)
124 msg = g_strdup_vprintf(fs, args);
131 /* This is not an errno. See <libssh2.h>. */
132 ssh_err_code = libssh2_session_last_error(s->session,
134 error_setg(errp, "%s: %s (libssh2 error code: %d)",
135 msg, ssh_err, ssh_err_code);
137 error_setg(errp, "%s", msg);
142 static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(3, 4)
143 sftp_error_setg(Error **errp, BDRVSSHState *s, const char *fs, ...)
149 msg = g_strdup_vprintf(fs, args);
155 unsigned long sftp_err_code;
157 /* This is not an errno. See <libssh2.h>. */
158 ssh_err_code = libssh2_session_last_error(s->session,
160 /* See <libssh2_sftp.h>. */
161 sftp_err_code = libssh2_sftp_last_error((s)->sftp);
164 "%s: %s (libssh2 error code: %d, sftp error code: %lu)",
165 msg, ssh_err, ssh_err_code, sftp_err_code);
167 error_setg(errp, "%s", msg);
172 static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3)
173 sftp_error_report(BDRVSSHState *s, const char *fs, ...)
178 error_vprintf(fs, args);
183 unsigned long sftp_err_code;
185 /* This is not an errno. See <libssh2.h>. */
186 ssh_err_code = libssh2_session_last_error(s->session,
188 /* See <libssh2_sftp.h>. */
189 sftp_err_code = libssh2_sftp_last_error((s)->sftp);
191 error_printf(": %s (libssh2 error code: %d, sftp error code: %lu)",
192 ssh_err, ssh_err_code, sftp_err_code);
199 static int parse_uri(const char *filename, QDict *options, Error **errp)
206 uri = uri_parse(filename);
211 if (g_strcmp0(uri->scheme, "ssh") != 0) {
212 error_setg(errp, "URI scheme must be 'ssh'");
216 if (!uri->server || strcmp(uri->server, "") == 0) {
217 error_setg(errp, "missing hostname in URI");
221 if (!uri->path || strcmp(uri->path, "") == 0) {
222 error_setg(errp, "missing remote path in URI");
226 qp = query_params_parse(uri->query);
228 error_setg(errp, "could not parse query parameters");
232 if(uri->user && strcmp(uri->user, "") != 0) {
233 qdict_put_str(options, "user", uri->user);
236 qdict_put_str(options, "server.host", uri->server);
238 port_str = g_strdup_printf("%d", uri->port ?: 22);
239 qdict_put_str(options, "server.port", port_str);
242 qdict_put_str(options, "path", uri->path);
244 /* Pick out any query parameters that we understand, and ignore
247 for (i = 0; i < qp->n; ++i) {
248 if (strcmp(qp->p[i].name, "host_key_check") == 0) {
249 qdict_put_str(options, "host_key_check", qp->p[i].value);
253 query_params_free(qp);
264 static bool ssh_has_filename_options_conflict(QDict *options, Error **errp)
266 const QDictEntry *qe;
268 for (qe = qdict_first(options); qe; qe = qdict_next(options, qe)) {
269 if (!strcmp(qe->key, "host") ||
270 !strcmp(qe->key, "port") ||
271 !strcmp(qe->key, "path") ||
272 !strcmp(qe->key, "user") ||
273 !strcmp(qe->key, "host_key_check") ||
274 strstart(qe->key, "server.", NULL))
276 error_setg(errp, "Option '%s' cannot be used with a file name",
285 static void ssh_parse_filename(const char *filename, QDict *options,
288 if (ssh_has_filename_options_conflict(options, errp)) {
292 parse_uri(filename, options, errp);
295 static int check_host_key_knownhosts(BDRVSSHState *s,
296 const char *host, int port, Error **errp)
299 char *knh_file = NULL;
300 LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOSTS *knh = NULL;
301 struct libssh2_knownhost *found;
307 hostkey = libssh2_session_hostkey(s->session, &len, &type);
310 session_error_setg(errp, s, "failed to read remote host key");
314 knh = libssh2_knownhost_init(s->session);
317 session_error_setg(errp, s,
318 "failed to initialize known hosts support");
322 home = getenv("HOME");
324 knh_file = g_strdup_printf("%s/.ssh/known_hosts", home);
326 knh_file = g_strdup_printf("/root/.ssh/known_hosts");
329 /* Read all known hosts from OpenSSH-style known_hosts file. */
330 libssh2_knownhost_readfile(knh, knh_file, LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_FILE_OPENSSH);
332 r = libssh2_knownhost_checkp(knh, host, port, hostkey, len,
333 LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_TYPE_PLAIN|
334 LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_KEYENC_RAW,
337 case LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_MATCH:
339 DPRINTF("host key OK: %s", found->key);
341 case LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_MISMATCH:
343 session_error_setg(errp, s,
344 "host key does not match the one in known_hosts"
345 " (found key %s)", found->key);
347 case LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_NOTFOUND:
349 session_error_setg(errp, s, "no host key was found in known_hosts");
351 case LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_FAILURE:
353 session_error_setg(errp, s,
354 "failure matching the host key with known_hosts");
358 session_error_setg(errp, s, "unknown error matching the host key"
359 " with known_hosts (%d)", r);
363 /* known_hosts checking successful. */
368 libssh2_knownhost_free(knh);
374 static unsigned hex2decimal(char ch)
376 if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
378 } else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f') {
379 return 10 + (ch - 'a');
380 } else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F') {
381 return 10 + (ch - 'A');
387 /* Compare the binary fingerprint (hash of host key) with the
388 * host_key_check parameter.
390 static int compare_fingerprint(const unsigned char *fingerprint, size_t len,
391 const char *host_key_check)
396 while (*host_key_check == ':')
398 if (!qemu_isxdigit(host_key_check[0]) ||
399 !qemu_isxdigit(host_key_check[1]))
401 c = hex2decimal(host_key_check[0]) * 16 +
402 hex2decimal(host_key_check[1]);
403 if (c - *fingerprint != 0)
404 return c - *fingerprint;
409 return *host_key_check - '\0';
413 check_host_key_hash(BDRVSSHState *s, const char *hash,
414 int hash_type, size_t fingerprint_len, Error **errp)
416 const char *fingerprint;
418 fingerprint = libssh2_hostkey_hash(s->session, hash_type);
420 session_error_setg(errp, s, "failed to read remote host key");
424 if(compare_fingerprint((unsigned char *) fingerprint, fingerprint_len,
426 error_setg(errp, "remote host key does not match host_key_check '%s'",
434 static int check_host_key(BDRVSSHState *s, const char *host, int port,
435 SshHostKeyCheck *hkc, Error **errp)
437 SshHostKeyCheckMode mode;
442 mode = SSH_HOST_KEY_CHECK_MODE_KNOWN_HOSTS;
446 case SSH_HOST_KEY_CHECK_MODE_NONE:
448 case SSH_HOST_KEY_CHECK_MODE_HASH:
449 if (hkc->u.hash.type == SSH_HOST_KEY_CHECK_HASH_TYPE_MD5) {
450 return check_host_key_hash(s, hkc->u.hash.hash,
451 LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_HASH_MD5, 16, errp);
452 } else if (hkc->u.hash.type == SSH_HOST_KEY_CHECK_HASH_TYPE_SHA1) {
453 return check_host_key_hash(s, hkc->u.hash.hash,
454 LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_HASH_SHA1, 20, errp);
456 g_assert_not_reached();
458 case SSH_HOST_KEY_CHECK_MODE_KNOWN_HOSTS:
459 return check_host_key_knownhosts(s, host, port, errp);
461 g_assert_not_reached();
467 static int authenticate(BDRVSSHState *s, const char *user, Error **errp)
470 const char *userauthlist;
471 LIBSSH2_AGENT *agent = NULL;
472 struct libssh2_agent_publickey *identity;
473 struct libssh2_agent_publickey *prev_identity = NULL;
475 userauthlist = libssh2_userauth_list(s->session, user, strlen(user));
476 if (strstr(userauthlist, "publickey") == NULL) {
479 "remote server does not support \"publickey\" authentication");
483 /* Connect to ssh-agent and try each identity in turn. */
484 agent = libssh2_agent_init(s->session);
487 session_error_setg(errp, s, "failed to initialize ssh-agent support");
490 if (libssh2_agent_connect(agent)) {
492 session_error_setg(errp, s, "failed to connect to ssh-agent");
495 if (libssh2_agent_list_identities(agent)) {
497 session_error_setg(errp, s,
498 "failed requesting identities from ssh-agent");
503 r = libssh2_agent_get_identity(agent, &identity, prev_identity);
504 if (r == 1) { /* end of list */
509 session_error_setg(errp, s,
510 "failed to obtain identity from ssh-agent");
513 r = libssh2_agent_userauth(agent, user, identity);
519 /* Failed to authenticate with this identity, try the next one. */
520 prev_identity = identity;
524 error_setg(errp, "failed to authenticate using publickey authentication "
525 "and the identities held by your ssh-agent");
529 /* Note: libssh2 implementation implicitly calls
530 * libssh2_agent_disconnect if necessary.
532 libssh2_agent_free(agent);
538 static QemuOptsList ssh_runtime_opts = {
540 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ssh_runtime_opts.head),
544 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
545 .help = "Host to connect to",
549 .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
550 .help = "Port to connect to",
553 .name = "host_key_check",
554 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
555 .help = "Defines how and what to check the host key against",
557 { /* end of list */ }
561 static bool ssh_process_legacy_options(QDict *output_opts,
562 QemuOpts *legacy_opts,
565 const char *host = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "host");
566 const char *port = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "port");
567 const char *host_key_check = qemu_opt_get(legacy_opts, "host_key_check");
570 error_setg(errp, "port may not be used without host");
575 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "server.host", host);
576 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "server.port", port ?: stringify(22));
579 if (host_key_check) {
580 if (strcmp(host_key_check, "no") == 0) {
581 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "host-key-check.mode", "none");
582 } else if (strncmp(host_key_check, "md5:", 4) == 0) {
583 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "host-key-check.mode", "hash");
584 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "host-key-check.type", "md5");
585 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "host-key-check.hash",
587 } else if (strncmp(host_key_check, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
588 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "host-key-check.mode", "hash");
589 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "host-key-check.type", "sha1");
590 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "host-key-check.hash",
592 } else if (strcmp(host_key_check, "yes") == 0) {
593 qdict_put_str(output_opts, "host-key-check.mode", "known_hosts");
595 error_setg(errp, "unknown host_key_check setting (%s)",
604 static BlockdevOptionsSsh *ssh_parse_options(QDict *options, Error **errp)
606 BlockdevOptionsSsh *result = NULL;
607 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
608 Error *local_err = NULL;
613 /* Translate legacy options */
614 opts = qemu_opts_create(&ssh_runtime_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
615 qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(opts, options, &local_err);
617 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
621 if (!ssh_process_legacy_options(options, opts, errp)) {
625 /* Create the QAPI object */
626 crumpled = qdict_crumple_for_keyval_qiv(options, errp);
627 if (crumpled == NULL) {
631 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(crumpled);
632 visit_type_BlockdevOptionsSsh(v, NULL, &result, &local_err);
634 qobject_unref(crumpled);
637 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
641 /* Remove the processed options from the QDict (the visitor processes
642 * _all_ options in the QDict) */
643 while ((e = qdict_first(options))) {
644 qdict_del(options, e->key);
652 static int connect_to_ssh(BDRVSSHState *s, BlockdevOptionsSsh *opts,
653 int ssh_flags, int creat_mode, Error **errp)
659 if (opts->has_user) {
662 user = g_get_user_name();
664 error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "Can't get user name");
670 /* Pop the config into our state object, Exit if invalid */
671 s->inet = opts->server;
674 if (qemu_strtol(s->inet->port, NULL, 10, &port) < 0) {
675 error_setg(errp, "Use only numeric port value");
680 /* Open the socket and connect. */
681 s->sock = inet_connect_saddr(s->inet, errp);
687 /* Create SSH session. */
688 s->session = libssh2_session_init();
691 session_error_setg(errp, s, "failed to initialize libssh2 session");
695 #if TRACE_LIBSSH2 != 0
696 libssh2_trace(s->session, TRACE_LIBSSH2);
699 r = libssh2_session_handshake(s->session, s->sock);
702 session_error_setg(errp, s, "failed to establish SSH session");
706 /* Check the remote host's key against known_hosts. */
707 ret = check_host_key(s, s->inet->host, port, opts->host_key_check, errp);
713 ret = authenticate(s, user, errp);
719 s->sftp = libssh2_sftp_init(s->session);
721 session_error_setg(errp, s, "failed to initialize sftp handle");
726 /* Open the remote file. */
727 DPRINTF("opening file %s flags=0x%x creat_mode=0%o",
728 opts->path, ssh_flags, creat_mode);
729 s->sftp_handle = libssh2_sftp_open(s->sftp, opts->path, ssh_flags,
731 if (!s->sftp_handle) {
732 session_error_setg(errp, s, "failed to open remote file '%s'",
738 r = libssh2_sftp_fstat(s->sftp_handle, &s->attrs);
740 sftp_error_setg(errp, s, "failed to read file attributes");
747 if (s->sftp_handle) {
748 libssh2_sftp_close(s->sftp_handle);
750 s->sftp_handle = NULL;
752 libssh2_sftp_shutdown(s->sftp);
756 libssh2_session_disconnect(s->session,
757 "from qemu ssh client: "
758 "error opening connection");
759 libssh2_session_free(s->session);
766 static int ssh_file_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int bdrv_flags,
769 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
770 BlockdevOptionsSsh *opts;
776 ssh_flags = LIBSSH2_FXF_READ;
777 if (bdrv_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) {
778 ssh_flags |= LIBSSH2_FXF_WRITE;
781 opts = ssh_parse_options(options, errp);
787 ret = connect_to_ssh(s, opts, ssh_flags, 0, errp);
792 /* Go non-blocking. */
793 libssh2_session_set_blocking(s->session, 0);
795 qapi_free_BlockdevOptionsSsh(opts);
805 qapi_free_BlockdevOptionsSsh(opts);
810 /* Note: This is a blocking operation */
811 static int ssh_grow_file(BDRVSSHState *s, int64_t offset, Error **errp)
814 char c[1] = { '\0' };
815 int was_blocking = libssh2_session_get_blocking(s->session);
817 /* offset must be strictly greater than the current size so we do
818 * not overwrite anything */
819 assert(offset > 0 && offset > s->attrs.filesize);
821 libssh2_session_set_blocking(s->session, 1);
823 libssh2_sftp_seek64(s->sftp_handle, offset - 1);
824 ret = libssh2_sftp_write(s->sftp_handle, c, 1);
826 libssh2_session_set_blocking(s->session, was_blocking);
829 sftp_error_setg(errp, s, "Failed to grow file");
833 s->attrs.filesize = offset;
837 static QemuOptsList ssh_create_opts = {
838 .name = "ssh-create-opts",
839 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ssh_create_opts.head),
842 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
843 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
844 .help = "Virtual disk size"
846 { /* end of list */ }
850 static int ssh_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *options, Error **errp)
852 BlockdevCreateOptionsSsh *opts = &options->u.ssh;
856 assert(options->driver == BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_SSH);
860 ret = connect_to_ssh(&s, opts->location,
861 LIBSSH2_FXF_READ|LIBSSH2_FXF_WRITE|
862 LIBSSH2_FXF_CREAT|LIBSSH2_FXF_TRUNC,
868 if (opts->size > 0) {
869 ret = ssh_grow_file(&s, opts->size, errp);
881 static int coroutine_fn ssh_co_create_opts(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts,
884 BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options;
885 BlockdevCreateOptionsSsh *ssh_opts;
887 QDict *uri_options = NULL;
889 create_options = g_new0(BlockdevCreateOptions, 1);
890 create_options->driver = BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_SSH;
891 ssh_opts = &create_options->u.ssh;
893 /* Get desired file size. */
894 ssh_opts->size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
896 DPRINTF("total_size=%" PRIi64, ssh_opts->size);
898 uri_options = qdict_new();
899 ret = parse_uri(filename, uri_options, errp);
904 ssh_opts->location = ssh_parse_options(uri_options, errp);
905 if (ssh_opts->location == NULL) {
910 ret = ssh_co_create(create_options, errp);
913 qobject_unref(uri_options);
914 qapi_free_BlockdevCreateOptions(create_options);
918 static void ssh_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
920 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
925 static int ssh_has_zero_init(BlockDriverState *bs)
927 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
928 /* Assume false, unless we can positively prove it's true. */
929 int has_zero_init = 0;
931 if (s->attrs.flags & LIBSSH2_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS) {
932 if (s->attrs.permissions & LIBSSH2_SFTP_S_IFREG) {
937 return has_zero_init;
940 typedef struct BDRVSSHRestart {
941 BlockDriverState *bs;
945 static void restart_coroutine(void *opaque)
947 BDRVSSHRestart *restart = opaque;
948 BlockDriverState *bs = restart->bs;
949 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
950 AioContext *ctx = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
952 DPRINTF("co=%p", restart->co);
953 aio_set_fd_handler(ctx, s->sock, false, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
955 aio_co_wake(restart->co);
958 /* A non-blocking call returned EAGAIN, so yield, ensuring the
959 * handlers are set up so that we'll be rescheduled when there is an
960 * interesting event on the socket.
962 static coroutine_fn void co_yield(BDRVSSHState *s, BlockDriverState *bs)
965 IOHandler *rd_handler = NULL, *wr_handler = NULL;
966 BDRVSSHRestart restart = {
968 .co = qemu_coroutine_self()
971 r = libssh2_session_block_directions(s->session);
973 if (r & LIBSSH2_SESSION_BLOCK_INBOUND) {
974 rd_handler = restart_coroutine;
976 if (r & LIBSSH2_SESSION_BLOCK_OUTBOUND) {
977 wr_handler = restart_coroutine;
980 DPRINTF("s->sock=%d rd_handler=%p wr_handler=%p", s->sock,
981 rd_handler, wr_handler);
983 aio_set_fd_handler(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs), s->sock,
984 false, rd_handler, wr_handler, NULL, &restart);
985 qemu_coroutine_yield();
986 DPRINTF("s->sock=%d - back", s->sock);
989 /* SFTP has a function `libssh2_sftp_seek64' which seeks to a position
990 * in the remote file. Notice that it just updates a field in the
991 * sftp_handle structure, so there is no network traffic and it cannot
994 * However, `libssh2_sftp_seek64' does have a catastrophic effect on
995 * performance since it causes the handle to throw away all in-flight
996 * reads and buffered readahead data. Therefore this function tries
997 * to be intelligent about when to call the underlying libssh2 function.
999 #define SSH_SEEK_WRITE 0
1000 #define SSH_SEEK_READ 1
1001 #define SSH_SEEK_FORCE 2
1003 static void ssh_seek(BDRVSSHState *s, int64_t offset, int flags)
1005 bool op_read = (flags & SSH_SEEK_READ) != 0;
1006 bool force = (flags & SSH_SEEK_FORCE) != 0;
1008 if (force || op_read != s->offset_op_read || offset != s->offset) {
1009 DPRINTF("seeking to offset=%" PRIi64, offset);
1010 libssh2_sftp_seek64(s->sftp_handle, offset);
1012 s->offset_op_read = op_read;
1016 static coroutine_fn int ssh_read(BDRVSSHState *s, BlockDriverState *bs,
1017 int64_t offset, size_t size,
1022 char *buf, *end_of_vec;
1025 DPRINTF("offset=%" PRIi64 " size=%zu", offset, size);
1027 ssh_seek(s, offset, SSH_SEEK_READ);
1029 /* This keeps track of the current iovec element ('i'), where we
1030 * will write to next ('buf'), and the end of the current iovec
1035 end_of_vec = i->iov_base + i->iov_len;
1037 /* libssh2 has a hard-coded limit of 2000 bytes per request,
1038 * although it will also do readahead behind our backs. Therefore
1039 * we may have to do repeated reads here until we have read 'size'
1042 for (got = 0; got < size; ) {
1044 DPRINTF("sftp_read buf=%p size=%zu", buf, end_of_vec - buf);
1045 r = libssh2_sftp_read(s->sftp_handle, buf, end_of_vec - buf);
1046 DPRINTF("sftp_read returned %zd", r);
1048 if (r == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN || r == LIBSSH2_ERROR_TIMEOUT) {
1053 sftp_error_report(s, "read failed");
1058 /* EOF: Short read so pad the buffer with zeroes and return it. */
1059 qemu_iovec_memset(qiov, got, 0, size - got);
1066 if (buf >= end_of_vec && got < size) {
1069 end_of_vec = i->iov_base + i->iov_len;
1076 static coroutine_fn int ssh_co_readv(BlockDriverState *bs,
1078 int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
1080 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
1083 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1084 ret = ssh_read(s, bs, sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1085 nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, qiov);
1086 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1091 static int ssh_write(BDRVSSHState *s, BlockDriverState *bs,
1092 int64_t offset, size_t size,
1097 char *buf, *end_of_vec;
1100 DPRINTF("offset=%" PRIi64 " size=%zu", offset, size);
1102 ssh_seek(s, offset, SSH_SEEK_WRITE);
1104 /* This keeps track of the current iovec element ('i'), where we
1105 * will read from next ('buf'), and the end of the current iovec
1110 end_of_vec = i->iov_base + i->iov_len;
1112 for (written = 0; written < size; ) {
1114 DPRINTF("sftp_write buf=%p size=%zu", buf, end_of_vec - buf);
1115 r = libssh2_sftp_write(s->sftp_handle, buf, end_of_vec - buf);
1116 DPRINTF("sftp_write returned %zd", r);
1118 if (r == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN || r == LIBSSH2_ERROR_TIMEOUT) {
1123 sftp_error_report(s, "write failed");
1127 /* The libssh2 API is very unclear about this. A comment in
1128 * the code says "nothing was acked, and no EAGAIN was
1129 * received!" which apparently means that no data got sent
1130 * out, and the underlying channel didn't return any EAGAIN
1131 * indication. I think this is a bug in either libssh2 or
1132 * OpenSSH (server-side). In any case, forcing a seek (to
1133 * discard libssh2 internal buffers), and then trying again
1137 ssh_seek(s, offset + written, SSH_SEEK_WRITE|SSH_SEEK_FORCE);
1145 if (buf >= end_of_vec && written < size) {
1148 end_of_vec = i->iov_base + i->iov_len;
1151 if (offset + written > s->attrs.filesize)
1152 s->attrs.filesize = offset + written;
1158 static coroutine_fn int ssh_co_writev(BlockDriverState *bs,
1160 int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
1163 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
1167 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1168 ret = ssh_write(s, bs, sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1169 nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, qiov);
1170 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1175 static void unsafe_flush_warning(BDRVSSHState *s, const char *what)
1177 if (!s->unsafe_flush_warning) {
1178 warn_report("ssh server %s does not support fsync",
1181 error_report("to support fsync, you need %s", what);
1183 s->unsafe_flush_warning = true;
1187 #ifdef HAS_LIBSSH2_SFTP_FSYNC
1189 static coroutine_fn int ssh_flush(BDRVSSHState *s, BlockDriverState *bs)
1195 r = libssh2_sftp_fsync(s->sftp_handle);
1196 if (r == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN || r == LIBSSH2_ERROR_TIMEOUT) {
1200 if (r == LIBSSH2_ERROR_SFTP_PROTOCOL &&
1201 libssh2_sftp_last_error(s->sftp) == LIBSSH2_FX_OP_UNSUPPORTED) {
1202 unsafe_flush_warning(s, "OpenSSH >= 6.3");
1206 sftp_error_report(s, "fsync failed");
1213 static coroutine_fn int ssh_co_flush(BlockDriverState *bs)
1215 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
1218 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1219 ret = ssh_flush(s, bs);
1220 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1225 #else /* !HAS_LIBSSH2_SFTP_FSYNC */
1227 static coroutine_fn int ssh_co_flush(BlockDriverState *bs)
1229 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
1231 unsafe_flush_warning(s, "libssh2 >= 1.4.4");
1235 #endif /* !HAS_LIBSSH2_SFTP_FSYNC */
1237 static int64_t ssh_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
1239 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
1242 /* Note we cannot make a libssh2 call here. */
1243 length = (int64_t) s->attrs.filesize;
1244 DPRINTF("length=%" PRIi64, length);
1249 static int ssh_truncate(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
1250 PreallocMode prealloc, Error **errp)
1252 BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
1254 if (prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
1255 error_setg(errp, "Unsupported preallocation mode '%s'",
1256 PreallocMode_str(prealloc));
1260 if (offset < s->attrs.filesize) {
1261 error_setg(errp, "ssh driver does not support shrinking files");
1265 if (offset == s->attrs.filesize) {
1269 return ssh_grow_file(s, offset, errp);
1272 static BlockDriver bdrv_ssh = {
1273 .format_name = "ssh",
1274 .protocol_name = "ssh",
1275 .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVSSHState),
1276 .bdrv_parse_filename = ssh_parse_filename,
1277 .bdrv_file_open = ssh_file_open,
1278 .bdrv_co_create = ssh_co_create,
1279 .bdrv_co_create_opts = ssh_co_create_opts,
1280 .bdrv_close = ssh_close,
1281 .bdrv_has_zero_init = ssh_has_zero_init,
1282 .bdrv_co_readv = ssh_co_readv,
1283 .bdrv_co_writev = ssh_co_writev,
1284 .bdrv_getlength = ssh_getlength,
1285 .bdrv_truncate = ssh_truncate,
1286 .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk = ssh_co_flush,
1287 .create_opts = &ssh_create_opts,
1290 static void bdrv_ssh_init(void)
1294 r = libssh2_init(0);
1296 fprintf(stderr, "libssh2 initialization failed, %d\n", r);
1300 bdrv_register(&bdrv_ssh);
1303 block_init(bdrv_ssh_init);