2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-common.h"
29 #include "qemu-version.h"
30 #include "qapi/error.h"
31 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
32 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
37 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
38 #include "qemu/option.h"
39 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
41 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
42 #include "qemu/module.h"
43 #include "qemu/units.h"
44 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
45 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
46 #include "block/block_int.h"
47 #include "block/blockjob.h"
48 #include "block/qapi.h"
49 #include "crypto/init.h"
50 #include "trace/control.h"
52 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
53 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
55 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
57 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
62 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
64 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
66 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
67 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
68 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
70 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
73 OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO = 268,
76 typedef enum OutputFormat {
81 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
82 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
84 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
89 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
94 error_vreport(fmt, ap);
97 error_printf("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
101 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
103 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
106 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
108 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
111 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
112 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
114 const char *help_msg =
116 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
117 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
119 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
120 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
121 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
122 " specify tracing options\n"
125 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
127 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
130 "Command parameters:\n"
131 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
132 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
133 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
134 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
135 " encryption keys.\n"
136 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
137 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
138 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
139 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
140 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
141 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
142 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
143 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
144 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
145 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
146 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
147 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
148 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
149 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
151 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
152 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
154 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
155 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
156 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
157 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
158 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
159 " to open the backing file.\n"
160 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
161 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
162 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
163 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
164 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
165 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
166 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
168 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
169 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
170 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
172 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
173 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
174 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
175 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
176 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
178 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
179 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
180 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
181 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
183 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
184 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
185 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
186 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
187 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
188 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
190 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
191 " '-f' first image format\n"
192 " '-F' second image format\n"
193 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
195 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
196 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
198 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
199 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
200 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
201 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
203 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
204 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL, false);
205 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
209 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
211 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
212 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
218 static bool qemu_img_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
220 if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
226 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
228 .implied_opt_name = "file",
229 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
235 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
241 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
248 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
250 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
251 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
252 Error *local_err = NULL;
254 /* Find driver and parse its options */
255 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
257 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
261 if (!drv->create_opts) {
262 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
266 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
268 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
270 error_report_err(local_err);
271 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
274 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
275 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
276 proto_drv->format_name);
277 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
280 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
284 printf("Supported options:\n");
286 printf("Supported %s options:\n", fmt);
288 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts, false);
289 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
293 "The protocol level may support further options.\n"
294 "Specify the target filename to include those options.\n");
301 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
302 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
303 bool quiet, bool force_share)
306 Error *local_err = NULL;
308 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
310 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
311 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
312 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
313 qobject_unref(options);
316 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
318 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
320 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
323 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
328 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
330 const char *fmt, int flags,
331 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
335 Error *local_err = NULL;
338 options = qdict_new();
341 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
345 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
347 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
349 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
352 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
358 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
359 const char *name, const char *value,
362 QDict *options = opaque;
364 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
365 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
372 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
373 const char *filename,
374 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
375 bool quiet, bool force_share)
381 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
384 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
389 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
392 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
399 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
400 const char *base_filename,
401 const char *base_fmt)
406 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
408 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
415 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
417 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
426 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
431 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
435 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
441 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
444 uint64_t img_size = -1;
445 const char *fmt = "raw";
446 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
447 const char *filename;
448 const char *base_filename = NULL;
449 char *options = NULL;
450 Error *local_err = NULL;
455 static const struct option long_options[] = {
456 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
457 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
460 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
467 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
470 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
479 base_filename = optarg;
485 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
486 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
490 options = g_strdup(optarg);
492 char *old_options = options;
493 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
501 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
503 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
505 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
514 /* Get the filename */
515 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
516 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
518 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
521 if (optind >= argc) {
522 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
526 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
527 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
528 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
532 /* Get image size, if specified */
536 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
538 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
539 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
541 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
542 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
543 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
544 "petabytes and exabytes.");
548 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
550 if (optind != argc) {
551 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
554 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
555 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
557 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
569 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
573 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
575 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
576 visit_complete(v, &obj);
577 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
579 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
585 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
587 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
588 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
590 if (check->corruptions) {
591 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
592 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
599 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
600 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
604 if (check->check_errors) {
607 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
608 check->check_errors);
612 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
613 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
614 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
615 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
616 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
617 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
618 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
619 check->allocated_clusters);
622 if (check->image_end_offset) {
624 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
628 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
630 const char *filename,
635 BdrvCheckResult result;
637 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
642 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
643 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
644 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
645 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
646 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
647 check->leaks = result.leaks;
648 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
649 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
650 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
651 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
652 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
653 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
654 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
655 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
656 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
657 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
658 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
659 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
660 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
661 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
662 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
668 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
670 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
671 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
672 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
673 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
674 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
676 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
679 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
680 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
682 BlockDriverState *bs;
684 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
688 bool image_opts = false;
689 bool force_share = false;
693 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
696 int option_index = 0;
697 static const struct option long_options[] = {
698 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
699 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
700 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
701 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
702 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
703 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
704 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
707 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
708 long_options, &option_index);
714 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
717 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
726 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
728 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
729 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
730 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
731 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
733 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
734 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
749 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
751 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
757 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
762 if (optind != argc - 1) {
763 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
765 filename = argv[optind++];
767 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
768 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
769 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
770 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
772 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
776 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
777 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
778 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
782 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
784 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
788 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
795 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
796 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
798 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
799 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
804 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
805 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
807 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
808 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
810 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
812 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
813 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
814 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
815 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
817 check->corruptions_fixed);
820 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
822 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
823 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
827 switch (output_format) {
829 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
832 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
837 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
839 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
841 error_report("Check failed");
847 if (check->corruptions) {
849 } else if (check->leaks) {
856 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
861 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
862 BlockDriverState *bs;
864 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
866 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
868 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
871 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
875 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
877 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
880 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
883 float progress = 0.0f;
884 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
885 if (job->job.progress_total) {
886 progress = (float)job->job.progress_current /
887 job->job.progress_total * 100.f;
889 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
890 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
892 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
893 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
897 job_unref(&job->job);
898 aio_context_release(aio_context);
900 /* publish completion progress only when success */
902 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
906 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
909 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
911 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
913 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
915 Error *local_err = NULL;
916 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
917 bool image_opts = false;
918 AioContext *aio_context;
921 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
924 static const struct option long_options[] = {
925 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
926 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
927 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
930 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
937 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
940 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
965 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
967 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
973 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
979 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
984 if (optind != argc - 1) {
985 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
987 filename = argv[optind++];
989 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
990 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
991 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
995 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
996 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
998 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1002 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1009 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1010 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1013 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1015 error_setg(&local_err,
1016 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1021 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1022 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1023 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1024 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1026 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1031 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1036 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1037 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1038 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1039 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1040 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1041 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1046 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1047 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1048 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1049 * counter here preemptively. */
1054 job = block_job_get("commit");
1056 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1061 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1062 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1064 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1076 qemu_progress_end();
1081 error_report_err(local_err);
1085 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1090 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1091 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1092 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1095 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1098 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1100 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1101 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1105 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1112 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1115 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1116 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1117 * The function will try to align the end offset to alignment boundaries so
1118 * that the request will at least end aligned and consequtive requests will
1119 * also start at an aligned offset.
1121 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1122 int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1131 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1132 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1134 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1139 tail = (sector_num + i) & (alignment - 1);
1141 if (is_zero && i <= tail) {
1142 /* treat unallocated areas which only consist
1143 * of a small tail as allocated. */
1147 /* align up end offset of allocated areas. */
1148 i += alignment - tail;
1151 /* align down end offset of zero areas. */
1160 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1161 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1162 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1164 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1165 int min, int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1168 int num_checked, num_used;
1174 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1180 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1182 sector_num += *pnum;
1183 num_checked = num_used;
1186 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1188 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1190 sector_num += *pnum;
1191 num_checked += *pnum;
1193 num_used = num_checked;
1194 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1204 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1205 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1207 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1208 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1210 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1211 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1214 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1218 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1220 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1222 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1232 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * MiB)
1235 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1237 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1238 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1239 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1242 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1243 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1244 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1245 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1246 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1247 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1249 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1250 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1251 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1256 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1258 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1259 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1262 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1264 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1273 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1275 * 0 - Images are identical
1277 * >1 - Error occurred
1279 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1281 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1282 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1283 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1284 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1285 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1286 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1287 int allocated1, allocated2;
1288 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1289 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1296 uint64_t progress_base;
1297 bool image_opts = false;
1298 bool force_share = false;
1300 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1302 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1303 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1304 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1305 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1306 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1309 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1310 long_options, NULL);
1316 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1319 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1345 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1347 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1354 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1360 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1366 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1367 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1369 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1370 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1372 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1373 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1374 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1379 /* Initialize before goto out */
1380 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1383 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1385 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1390 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1397 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1406 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1407 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1408 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1409 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1410 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1411 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1415 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1416 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1417 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1418 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1422 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1423 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1425 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1427 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1429 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1433 while (offset < total_size) {
1434 int status1, status2;
1436 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1437 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1441 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1444 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1446 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1447 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1451 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1454 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1456 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1457 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1460 if (status1 != status2) {
1462 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1463 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1467 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1469 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1473 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1474 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1476 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1478 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1482 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1484 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1486 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1490 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1491 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1492 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1493 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1499 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1501 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1502 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1504 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1505 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1512 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1515 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1516 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1517 const char *filename_over;
1519 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1520 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1522 filename_over = filename1;
1525 filename_over = filename2;
1528 while (offset < progress_base) {
1529 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1530 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1534 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1539 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1540 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1541 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1542 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1548 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1552 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1562 qemu_progress_end();
1567 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1573 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1575 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1577 int64_t *src_sectors;
1579 int64_t total_sectors;
1580 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1581 int64_t allocated_done;
1584 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1585 int64_t sector_next_status;
1586 BlockBackend *target;
1589 bool unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1591 bool target_has_backing;
1592 int64_t target_backing_sectors; /* negative if unknown */
1599 size_t cluster_sectors;
1601 long num_coroutines;
1602 int running_coroutines;
1603 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1604 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1609 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1610 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1613 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1614 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1615 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1617 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1621 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1623 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1624 int ret, n, src_cur;
1625 bool post_backing_zero = false;
1627 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1629 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1630 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1632 if (s->target_backing_sectors >= 0) {
1633 if (sector_num >= s->target_backing_sectors) {
1634 post_backing_zero = s->unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1635 } else if (sector_num + n > s->target_backing_sectors) {
1636 /* Split requests around target_backing_sectors (because
1637 * starting from there, zeros are handled differently) */
1638 n = s->target_backing_sectors - sector_num;
1642 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1643 uint64_t offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1647 count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1649 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1650 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), offset,
1651 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1653 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1654 offset, count, &count, NULL,
1662 warn_report("error while reading block status at "
1663 "offset %" PRIu64 ": %s", offset,
1666 /* Just try to read the data, then */
1667 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1668 count = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1670 /* Retry on a shorter range */
1671 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(n, 4);
1674 error_report("error while reading block status at offset "
1675 "%" PRIu64 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1681 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1683 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1684 s->status = post_backing_zero ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_ZERO;
1685 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1686 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1688 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1691 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1694 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1695 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1696 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1699 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1700 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1701 * cluster allocated. */
1702 if (s->compressed) {
1703 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1704 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1705 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1707 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1714 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1715 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1717 uint64_t single_read_until = 0;
1720 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1721 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1724 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1727 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1728 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1729 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1730 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1731 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1732 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1734 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1736 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1737 if (single_read_until > offset) {
1741 ret = blk_co_pread(blk, offset, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, 0);
1745 single_read_until = offset + (n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1749 warn_report("error while reading offset %" PRIu64
1750 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1752 memset(buf, 0, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1761 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1768 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1769 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1770 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1774 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1776 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1779 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1780 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1781 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1782 * visible at the respective offset. */
1783 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1787 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1788 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1789 * it as zero sectors.
1790 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1791 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1793 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1795 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse,
1796 sector_num, s->alignment)) ||
1798 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1800 ret = blk_co_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1801 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, flags);
1810 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1811 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1814 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1815 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1816 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1817 BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1826 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1832 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1837 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1840 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1843 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1844 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1845 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1846 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1848 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1850 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1851 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1852 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0, 0);
1863 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1865 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1866 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1870 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1871 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1878 s->running_coroutines++;
1879 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1884 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1887 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1888 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1889 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1892 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1894 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1898 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1899 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1901 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1902 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1904 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1905 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1907 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1909 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1910 s->allocated_done += n;
1911 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1912 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1916 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
1917 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
1918 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1920 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1921 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1924 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1926 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1929 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1930 /* keep writes in order */
1931 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1932 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1933 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1935 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1938 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1940 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
1942 s->copy_range = false;
1946 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1949 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1950 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1955 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1956 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1957 * for this write to complete */
1958 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1959 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1960 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1962 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1963 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1964 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1966 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1974 s->co[index] = NULL;
1975 s->running_coroutines--;
1976 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1977 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1982 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1985 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1987 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1988 if (!s->has_zero_init && s->target_is_new && s->min_sparse &&
1989 !s->target_has_backing) {
1990 s->has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target));
1993 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1994 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1996 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP | BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK);
1998 s->has_zero_init = true;
2002 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
2003 * can be copied at a time. */
2004 if (s->compressed) {
2005 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
2006 error_report("invalid cluster size");
2009 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
2012 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
2013 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
2017 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
2019 s->allocated_sectors += n;
2025 s->sector_next_status = 0;
2026 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
2028 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
2029 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2030 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
2031 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
2032 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2035 while (s->running_coroutines) {
2036 main_loop_wait(false);
2039 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
2040 /* signal EOF to align */
2041 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
2050 #define MAX_BUF_SECTORS 32768
2052 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
2054 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
2055 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
2056 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
2057 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2058 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
2059 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
2060 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
2061 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
2062 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2063 QDict *open_opts = NULL;
2064 char *options = NULL;
2065 Error *local_err = NULL;
2066 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, image_opts = false,
2067 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
2068 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
2069 bool force_share = false;
2070 bool explict_min_sparse = false;
2072 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
2073 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
2075 .copy_range = false,
2076 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2077 .wr_in_order = true,
2078 .num_coroutines = 8,
2082 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2083 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2084 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2085 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2086 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2087 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2088 {"salvage", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SALVAGE},
2089 {"target-is-zero", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO},
2092 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:Cco:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
2093 long_options, NULL);
2099 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2102 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2114 out_baseimg = optarg;
2117 s.copy_range = true;
2120 s.compressed = true;
2123 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2124 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2128 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2130 char *old_options = options;
2131 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2132 g_free(old_options);
2136 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2137 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2140 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2145 snapshot_name = optarg;
2152 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2153 if (sval < 0 || !QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(sval, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) ||
2154 sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE > MAX_BUF_SECTORS) {
2155 error_report("Invalid buffer size for sparse output specified. "
2156 "Valid sizes are multiples of %llu up to %llu. Select "
2157 "0 to disable sparse detection (fully allocates output).",
2158 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SECTORS * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2162 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2163 explict_min_sparse = true;
2182 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2183 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2184 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2185 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2190 s.wr_in_order = false;
2195 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2196 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2197 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2204 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2207 case OPTION_SALVAGE:
2210 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2211 tgt_image_opts = true;
2213 case OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO:
2215 * The user asserting that the target is blank has the
2216 * same effect as the target driver supporting zero
2219 s.has_zero_init = true;
2224 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2228 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2229 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2230 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2234 if (s.compressed && s.copy_range) {
2235 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used");
2239 if (explict_min_sparse && s.copy_range) {
2240 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used");
2244 if (s.copy_range && s.salvage) {
2245 error_report("Cannot use copy offloading in salvaging mode");
2249 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2250 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2254 if (skip_create && options) {
2255 warn_report("-o has no effect when skipping image creation");
2256 warn_report("This will become an error in future QEMU versions.");
2259 if (s.has_zero_init && !skip_create) {
2260 error_report("--target-is-zero requires use of -n flag");
2264 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2265 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2267 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2269 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2272 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2277 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2278 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2283 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2284 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2286 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2290 /* Initialize before goto out */
2294 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2295 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2297 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2298 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2300 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2301 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2302 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, s.quiet,
2308 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2309 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2310 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2311 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2315 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2319 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2320 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2321 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2323 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2324 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2325 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2330 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2334 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2340 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2341 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2343 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2348 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2350 error_report_err(local_err);
2355 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2356 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2362 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2363 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2364 proto_drv->format_name);
2369 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2370 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2372 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2374 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2376 error_report_err(local_err);
2382 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2384 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2390 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2391 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2392 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2393 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2395 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2397 if (s.has_zero_init && s.target_has_backing) {
2398 error_report("Cannot use --target-is-zero when the destination "
2399 "image has a backing file");
2403 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2404 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2405 "concatenating multiple input images");
2410 /* Check if compression is supported */
2413 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2414 const char *encryptfmt =
2415 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2416 const char *preallocation =
2417 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2419 if (drv && !block_driver_can_compress(drv)) {
2420 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2425 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2426 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2433 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2435 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2443 * The later open call will need any decryption secrets, and
2444 * bdrv_create() will purge "opts", so extract them now before
2448 open_opts = qdict_new();
2449 qemu_opt_foreach(opts, img_add_key_secrets, open_opts, &error_abort);
2453 /* Create the new image */
2454 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2456 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2457 out_filename, out_fmt);
2462 s.target_is_new = !skip_create;
2464 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2465 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2467 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2472 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2473 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2475 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2476 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2477 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2478 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2480 s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, open_opts, out_fmt,
2481 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2482 open_opts = NULL; /* blk_new_open will have freed it */
2488 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2490 if (s.compressed && !block_driver_can_compress(out_bs->drv)) {
2491 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2496 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2497 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to
2498 * MAX_BUF_SECTORS as maximum which is currently 32768 (16MB). */
2499 s.buf_sectors = MIN(MAX_BUF_SECTORS,
2501 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2502 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2503 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2505 /* try to align the write requests to the destination to avoid unnecessary
2507 s.alignment = MAX(pow2floor(s.min_sparse),
2508 DIV_ROUND_UP(out_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2510 assert(is_power_of_2(s.alignment));
2513 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2514 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2515 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2516 strerror(-output_sectors));
2519 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2520 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2526 if (s.target_has_backing && s.target_is_new) {
2527 /* Errors are treated as "backing length unknown" (which means
2528 * s.target_backing_sectors has to be negative, which it will
2529 * be automatically). The backing file length is used only
2530 * for optimizations, so such a case is not fatal. */
2531 s.target_backing_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(out_bs->backing->bs);
2533 s.target_backing_sectors = -1;
2536 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2539 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2543 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2544 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2545 s.unallocated_blocks_are_zero = bdi.unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
2548 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2551 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2553 qemu_progress_end();
2554 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2555 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2556 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2557 qobject_unref(open_opts);
2558 blk_unref(s.target);
2560 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2561 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2565 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2573 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2575 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2578 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2581 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2582 bdrv_snapshot_dump(NULL);
2584 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2586 bdrv_snapshot_dump(sn);
2592 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2596 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2598 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2599 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2600 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2601 assert(str != NULL);
2602 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2608 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2612 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2614 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2615 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2616 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2617 assert(str != NULL);
2618 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2624 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2626 ImageInfoList *elem;
2629 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2635 bdrv_image_info_dump(elem->value);
2639 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2641 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2645 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2647 * @filename: topmost image filename
2648 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2649 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2650 * false - only topmost image file
2652 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2653 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2656 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2657 const char *filename,
2659 bool chain, bool force_share)
2661 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2662 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2663 GHashTable *filenames;
2666 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2670 BlockDriverState *bs;
2672 ImageInfoList *elem;
2674 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2675 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2679 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2681 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2682 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2689 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2691 error_report_err(err);
2696 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2703 /* Clear parameters that only apply to the topmost image */
2704 filename = fmt = NULL;
2708 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2709 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2710 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2711 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2712 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2713 info->backing_filename);
2716 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2717 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2721 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2725 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2726 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2730 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2733 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2735 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2736 ImageInfoList *list;
2737 bool image_opts = false;
2738 bool force_share = false;
2743 int option_index = 0;
2744 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2745 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2746 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2747 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2748 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2749 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2750 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2751 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2754 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2755 long_options, &option_index);
2761 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2764 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2778 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2781 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2783 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2789 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2794 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2795 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2797 filename = argv[optind++];
2799 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2800 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2801 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2802 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2803 } else if (output) {
2804 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2808 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2809 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2810 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2814 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2820 switch (output_format) {
2822 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2826 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2828 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2833 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2837 static int dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2840 switch (output_format) {
2842 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2843 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2846 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2847 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2848 e->start, e->length,
2849 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2850 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2852 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2853 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2855 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2861 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2862 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2863 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2864 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2865 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2866 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2867 if (e->has_offset) {
2868 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2880 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2881 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
2885 BlockDriverState *file;
2888 char *filename = NULL;
2890 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2891 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2897 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
2902 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2905 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2914 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2916 if (file && has_offset) {
2917 bdrv_refresh_filename(file);
2918 filename = file->filename;
2924 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2925 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2927 .has_offset = has_offset,
2929 .has_filename = filename,
2930 .filename = filename,
2936 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2938 if (curr->length == 0) {
2941 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2942 curr->data != next->data ||
2943 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2944 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2945 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2948 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2951 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2957 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2960 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2962 BlockDriverState *bs;
2963 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2965 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2967 bool image_opts = false;
2968 bool force_share = false;
2973 int option_index = 0;
2974 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2975 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2976 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2977 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2978 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2979 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2980 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2983 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2984 long_options, &option_index);
2990 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2993 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3007 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3009 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3015 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3020 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3021 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3023 filename = argv[optind];
3025 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
3026 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
3027 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
3028 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3029 } else if (output) {
3030 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
3034 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3035 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3036 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3040 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
3046 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
3047 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
3050 length = blk_getlength(blk);
3051 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
3052 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
3055 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
3056 n = MIN(1 * GiB, length - offset);
3057 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
3060 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
3064 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
3065 curr.length += next.length;
3069 if (curr.length > 0) {
3070 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
3078 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
3085 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
3086 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
3087 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
3088 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
3090 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
3093 BlockDriverState *bs;
3094 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
3095 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
3096 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
3101 bool image_opts = false;
3102 bool force_share = false;
3104 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3105 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3107 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3108 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3109 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3110 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3111 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3114 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
3115 long_options, NULL);
3121 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3124 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3131 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3134 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
3135 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
3139 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3142 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
3143 snapshot_name = optarg;
3147 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3150 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
3151 snapshot_name = optarg;
3155 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3158 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
3159 snapshot_name = optarg;
3167 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3169 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3175 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3181 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3182 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3184 filename = argv[optind++];
3186 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3187 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3188 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3192 /* Open the image */
3193 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3200 /* Perform the requested action */
3206 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3207 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3208 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3210 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3211 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3212 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3214 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3216 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3217 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3221 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3222 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3224 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3229 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3230 ret = bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, &sn, snapshot_name);
3232 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': snapshot not "
3233 "found", snapshot_name);
3236 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn.id_str, sn.name, &err);
3238 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3254 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3256 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3257 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3258 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3259 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *prefix_chain_bs = NULL;
3261 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3262 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3263 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3265 bool force_share = false;
3268 Error *local_err = NULL;
3269 bool image_opts = false;
3271 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3273 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3274 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3278 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3279 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3280 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3281 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3282 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3285 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3286 long_options, NULL);
3292 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3295 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3304 out_basefmt = optarg;
3307 out_baseimg = optarg;
3324 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3326 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3332 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3345 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3346 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3348 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3349 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3351 filename = argv[optind++];
3353 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3354 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3355 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3359 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3360 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3362 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3363 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3365 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3370 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3372 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3376 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3377 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3378 (void) src_writethrough;
3383 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3384 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3386 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3394 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3395 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3396 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3402 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3404 QDict *options = NULL;
3405 BlockDriverState *base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
3408 blk_old_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3409 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3411 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_old_backing, base_bs,
3414 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3415 "Could not reuse old backing file '%s': ",
3420 blk_old_backing = NULL;
3423 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3424 const char *overlay_filename;
3425 char *out_real_path;
3427 options = qdict_new();
3429 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3432 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3435 bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
3436 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3439 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3443 qobject_unref(options);
3444 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3445 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3451 * Find out whether we rebase an image on top of a previous image
3454 prefix_chain_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, out_real_path);
3455 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3456 qobject_unref(options);
3457 g_free(out_real_path);
3459 blk_new_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3460 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3462 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_new_backing, prefix_chain_bs,
3465 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3466 "Could not reuse backing file '%s': ",
3471 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3472 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3473 g_free(out_real_path);
3474 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3475 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3476 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3486 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3487 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3488 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3489 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3491 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3492 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3496 int64_t old_backing_size = 0;
3497 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3500 float local_progress = 0;
3502 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3503 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3505 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3507 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3508 filename, strerror(-size));
3512 if (blk_old_backing) {
3513 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3514 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3515 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3517 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name,
3518 sizeof(backing_name));
3519 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3520 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3525 if (blk_new_backing) {
3526 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3527 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3528 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3529 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3536 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3539 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3540 bool buf_old_is_zero = false;
3542 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3543 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3545 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3546 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3548 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3556 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3558 * If cluster wasn't changed since prefix_chain, we don't need
3561 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(backing_bs(bs), prefix_chain_bs,
3562 false, offset, n, &n);
3564 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3574 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3575 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3577 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3578 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3579 buf_old_is_zero = true;
3581 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3582 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3585 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3587 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3592 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3593 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3595 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3596 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3599 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3601 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3606 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3607 uint64_t written = 0;
3609 while (written < n) {
3612 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3613 n - written, &pnum))
3615 if (buf_old_is_zero) {
3616 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset + written, pnum, 0);
3618 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3619 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3622 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3630 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3635 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3636 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3637 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3639 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3640 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3642 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3645 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3646 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3647 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3648 } else if (ret < 0) {
3649 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3650 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3653 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3655 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3656 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3657 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3658 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3661 qemu_progress_end();
3664 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3665 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3667 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3668 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3677 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3680 int c, ret, relative;
3681 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3682 int64_t n, total_size, current_size;
3684 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3685 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3688 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3689 .name = "resize_options",
3690 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3693 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3694 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3695 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3701 bool image_opts = false;
3702 bool shrink = false;
3704 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3705 * as options by getopt. */
3707 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3711 size = argv[--argc];
3713 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3716 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3717 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3718 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3719 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3720 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3721 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3724 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3725 long_options, NULL);
3731 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3734 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3745 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3747 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3753 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3756 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3757 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3758 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3759 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3760 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3769 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3770 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3772 filename = argv[optind++];
3774 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3775 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3776 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3780 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3796 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3797 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3799 error_report_err(err);
3801 qemu_opts_del(param);
3804 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3805 qemu_opts_del(param);
3807 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3808 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3815 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3816 if (current_size < 0) {
3817 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3818 strerror(-current_size));
3824 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3828 if (total_size <= 0) {
3829 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3834 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3835 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
3840 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
3841 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
3842 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
3843 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
3845 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
3847 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
3851 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
3852 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
3853 "shrink images without this option.");
3858 * The user expects the image to have the desired size after
3859 * resizing, so pass @exact=true. It is of no use to report
3860 * success when the image has not actually been resized.
3862 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, true, prealloc, &err);
3864 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3866 error_report_err(err);
3876 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3877 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3880 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3883 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
3887 /* Find driver and parse its options */
3888 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
3890 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
3894 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
3895 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
3900 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
3901 assert(drv->create_opts);
3903 printf("Creation options for '%s':\n", format);
3904 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->create_opts, false);
3905 printf("\nNote that not all of these options may be amendable.\n");
3909 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3913 char *options = NULL;
3914 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3915 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3916 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3919 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3920 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3921 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3922 bool image_opts = false;
3924 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3926 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3927 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3928 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3929 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3932 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3933 long_options, NULL);
3940 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3943 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3949 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3950 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3952 goto out_no_progress;
3955 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3957 char *old_options = options;
3958 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3959 g_free(old_options);
3975 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3979 goto out_no_progress;
3982 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3989 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3992 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3993 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3994 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3996 goto out_no_progress;
4002 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
4004 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
4005 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
4006 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
4007 * given), print option help here */
4008 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4012 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4013 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
4018 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
4019 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
4021 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
4025 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4033 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
4035 if (has_help_option(options)) {
4036 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
4037 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4041 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4042 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4048 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
4049 assert(bs->drv->create_opts);
4051 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
4052 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4053 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
4055 error_report_err(err);
4060 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
4061 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
4062 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, &err);
4063 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
4065 error_report_err(err);
4070 qemu_progress_end();
4074 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4075 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4084 typedef struct BenchData {
4086 uint64_t image_size;
4093 bool drain_on_flush;
4102 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4105 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4110 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4112 BenchData *b = opaque;
4116 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4121 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
4122 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
4123 b->in_flush = false;
4124 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
4125 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
4130 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
4131 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
4132 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
4133 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
4135 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4139 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
4142 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
4144 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
4148 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4154 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
4155 int64_t offset = b->offset;
4156 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
4157 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
4158 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
4161 b->offset += b->step;
4162 b->offset %= b->image_size;
4164 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4166 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4169 error_report("Failed to issue request");
4175 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
4178 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
4180 bool image_opts = false;
4181 bool is_write = false;
4185 size_t bufsize = 4096;
4188 int flush_interval = 0;
4189 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4191 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4192 BenchData data = {};
4194 bool writethrough = false;
4195 struct timeval t1, t2;
4197 bool force_share = false;
4201 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4202 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4203 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4204 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4205 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4206 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4207 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4210 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:ni:o:qs:S:t:wU", long_options,
4218 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4221 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4230 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4231 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4241 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4242 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4252 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4255 ret = bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags);
4257 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
4264 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
4266 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
4279 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4280 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4281 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
4292 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4293 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4294 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
4302 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4304 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4310 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4316 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4320 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4321 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4327 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4331 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4332 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4335 flush_interval = res;
4338 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4339 drain_on_flush = false;
4341 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4347 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4348 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4350 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4352 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4353 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4357 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4358 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4363 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4370 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4371 if (image_size < 0) {
4376 data = (BenchData) {
4378 .image_size = image_size,
4380 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4385 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4386 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4388 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4389 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4390 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4391 data.offset, data.step);
4392 if (flush_interval) {
4393 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4396 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4397 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4398 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4400 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4402 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4403 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4404 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4405 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4406 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4409 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4412 while (data.n > 0) {
4413 main_loop_wait(false);
4415 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4417 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4418 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4419 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4423 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4425 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4446 int bsz; /* Block size */
4454 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4458 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4459 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4466 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4467 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4470 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4475 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4476 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4479 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4481 if (dd->count < 0) {
4482 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4489 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4490 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4493 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4498 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4499 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4502 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4507 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4508 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4511 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4513 if (in->offset < 0) {
4514 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4521 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4526 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4527 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4528 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4529 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4530 Error *local_err = NULL;
4531 bool image_opts = false;
4533 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4534 const char *fmt = NULL;
4536 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4537 bool force_share = false;
4538 struct DdInfo dd = {
4543 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4555 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4556 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4557 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4558 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4559 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4560 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4563 const struct option long_options[] = {
4564 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4565 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4566 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4567 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4571 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4583 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4586 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4595 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4600 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4606 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4608 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4610 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4612 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4619 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4620 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4624 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4625 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4630 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4634 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4639 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4640 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4645 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4646 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4647 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4652 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4660 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4662 error_report("Unknown file format");
4666 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4669 error_report_err(local_err);
4673 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4674 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4679 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4680 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4681 proto_drv->format_name);
4685 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4686 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4688 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4690 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4692 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4697 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4698 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4699 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4702 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4703 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4704 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4705 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4707 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4708 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4711 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4713 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4714 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4720 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4721 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4722 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4723 * support image-opts style.
4725 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4726 false, false, false);
4733 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4734 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4735 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4736 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4738 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4741 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4744 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4746 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4747 int in_ret, out_ret;
4749 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4750 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4752 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4755 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4762 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4765 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4766 strerror(-out_ret));
4775 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4776 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4779 g_free(in.filename);
4780 g_free(out.filename);
4790 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
4794 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
4796 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
4797 visit_complete(v, &obj);
4798 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
4799 assert(str != NULL);
4800 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
4806 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
4808 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4809 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4810 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4811 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4812 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
4813 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
4814 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4817 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4818 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
4820 const char *filename = NULL;
4821 const char *fmt = NULL;
4822 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4823 char *options = NULL;
4824 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
4825 bool force_share = false;
4826 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4827 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
4828 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
4829 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4830 bool image_opts = false;
4831 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
4832 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
4833 Error *local_err = NULL;
4837 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
4838 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4851 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
4852 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
4856 options = g_strdup(optarg);
4858 char *old_options = options;
4859 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
4860 g_free(old_options);
4864 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
4865 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
4868 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
4873 snapshot_name = optarg;
4880 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4886 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4890 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
4891 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
4892 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
4893 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4895 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
4904 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4906 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
4907 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
4909 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
4910 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
4911 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
4912 "petabytes and exabytes.");
4916 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
4922 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4923 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4924 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4928 if (argc - optind > 1) {
4929 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
4931 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
4932 filename = argv[optind];
4936 (object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
4937 error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
4938 "require a filename argument.");
4941 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4942 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
4945 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
4946 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
4951 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
4952 false, false, force_share);
4958 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
4959 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
4960 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
4962 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
4963 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
4964 snapshot_name, &local_err);
4967 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
4972 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4974 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4977 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4978 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4983 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4984 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
4985 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4987 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
4989 error_report_err(local_err);
4990 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4994 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4995 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
4998 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
5000 error_report_err(local_err);
5004 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
5005 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
5006 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
5008 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
5014 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
5015 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
5016 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5017 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
5018 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5024 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
5025 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
5026 { option, callback },
5027 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
5032 int main(int argc, char **argv)
5034 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
5035 const char *cmdname;
5036 Error *local_error = NULL;
5037 char *trace_file = NULL;
5039 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5040 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5041 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
5042 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
5047 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
5050 error_init(argv[0]);
5051 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
5052 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
5054 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
5055 error_report_err(local_error);
5059 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
5061 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
5064 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
5067 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
5068 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
5069 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
5071 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5074 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
5077 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
5083 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
5087 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
5092 cmdname = argv[optind];
5094 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
5100 qemu_reset_optind();
5102 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
5105 trace_init_file(trace_file);
5106 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
5108 /* find the command */
5109 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
5110 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
5111 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
5116 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);