2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "qemu-version.h"
26 #include "qapi/error.h"
27 #include "qapi-visit.h"
28 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
29 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
31 #include "qapi/qmp/qbool.h"
32 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
33 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
34 #include "qemu/option.h"
35 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
37 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
38 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
39 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
40 #include "block/block_int.h"
41 #include "block/blockjob.h"
42 #include "block/qapi.h"
43 #include "crypto/init.h"
44 #include "trace/control.h"
47 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
48 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
50 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
52 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
57 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
59 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
61 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
62 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
63 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
66 typedef enum OutputFormat {
71 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
72 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
74 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
79 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
83 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
86 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
89 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
93 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
95 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
98 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
100 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
103 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
104 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
106 const char *help_msg =
108 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
109 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
111 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
112 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
113 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
114 " specify tracing options\n"
117 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
119 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
123 "Command parameters:\n"
124 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
125 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
126 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
127 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
128 " encryption keys.\n"
129 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
130 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
131 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
132 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
133 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
134 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
135 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
136 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
137 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
138 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
139 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
140 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
141 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
142 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
144 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
145 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
147 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
149 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
150 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
151 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
152 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
153 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
154 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
155 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
156 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
157 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
158 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
159 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
161 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
162 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
163 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
165 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
166 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
167 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
168 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
169 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
171 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
172 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
173 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
174 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
176 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
177 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
178 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
179 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
180 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
181 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
183 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
184 " '-f' first image format\n"
185 " '-F' second image format\n"
186 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
188 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
189 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
191 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
192 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
193 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
194 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
196 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
197 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
202 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
204 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
205 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
211 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
213 .implied_opt_name = "file",
214 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
220 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
226 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
233 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
235 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
236 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
237 Error *local_err = NULL;
239 /* Find driver and parse its options */
240 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
242 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
246 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
248 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
250 error_report_err(local_err);
251 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
254 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
257 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
258 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
263 static int img_open_password(BlockBackend *blk, const char *filename,
264 int flags, bool quiet)
266 BlockDriverState *bs;
270 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && bdrv_key_required(bs) &&
271 !(flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO)) {
272 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
273 if (qemu_read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
274 error_report("No password given");
277 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
278 error_report("invalid password");
286 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
287 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
288 bool quiet, bool force_share)
291 Error *local_err = NULL;
293 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
295 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
296 && !qdict_get_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)) {
297 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
301 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
303 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
305 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
308 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
310 if (img_open_password(blk, optstr, flags, quiet) < 0) {
317 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
319 const char *fmt, int flags,
320 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
324 Error *local_err = NULL;
327 options = qdict_new();
330 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
334 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
336 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
338 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
341 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
343 if (img_open_password(blk, filename, flags, quiet) < 0) {
351 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
352 const char *name, const char *value,
355 QDict *options = opaque;
357 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
358 qdict_put(options, name, qstring_from_str(value));
364 static BlockBackend *img_open_new_file(const char *filename,
365 QemuOpts *create_opts,
366 const char *fmt, int flags,
367 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
370 QDict *options = NULL;
372 options = qdict_new();
373 qemu_opt_foreach(create_opts, img_add_key_secrets, options, &error_abort);
375 return img_open_file(filename, options, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
380 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
381 const char *filename,
382 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
383 bool quiet, bool force_share)
389 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
392 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
397 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
400 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
407 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
408 const char *base_filename,
409 const char *base_fmt)
414 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
416 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
423 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
425 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
434 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
439 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
443 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
449 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
452 uint64_t img_size = -1;
453 const char *fmt = "raw";
454 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
455 const char *filename;
456 const char *base_filename = NULL;
457 char *options = NULL;
458 Error *local_err = NULL;
462 static const struct option long_options[] = {
463 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
464 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
467 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:he6o:q",
474 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
477 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
486 base_filename = optarg;
492 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
493 "encryption\' instead!");
496 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
497 "compat6\' instead!");
500 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
501 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
505 options = g_strdup(optarg);
507 char *old_options = options;
508 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
515 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
517 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
526 /* Get the filename */
527 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
528 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
530 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
533 if (optind >= argc) {
534 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
538 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
539 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
544 /* Get image size, if specified */
548 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
550 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
551 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
553 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
554 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
555 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
556 "petabytes and exabytes.");
560 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
562 if (optind != argc) {
563 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
566 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
567 options, img_size, 0, quiet, &local_err);
569 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
581 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
585 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
587 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
588 visit_complete(v, &obj);
589 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
591 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
597 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
599 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
600 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
602 if (check->corruptions) {
603 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
604 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
611 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
612 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
616 if (check->check_errors) {
619 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
620 check->check_errors);
624 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
625 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
626 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
627 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
628 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
629 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
630 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
631 check->allocated_clusters);
634 if (check->image_end_offset) {
636 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
640 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
642 const char *filename,
647 BdrvCheckResult result;
649 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
654 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
655 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
656 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
657 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
658 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
659 check->leaks = result.leaks;
660 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
661 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
662 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
663 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
664 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
665 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
666 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
667 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
668 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
669 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
670 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
671 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
672 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
673 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
674 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
680 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
682 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
683 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
684 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
685 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
686 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
688 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
691 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
692 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
694 BlockDriverState *bs;
696 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
700 bool image_opts = false;
701 bool force_share = false;
705 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
708 int option_index = 0;
709 static const struct option long_options[] = {
710 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
711 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
712 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
713 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
714 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
715 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
716 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
719 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
720 long_options, &option_index);
726 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
729 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
738 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
740 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
741 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
742 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
743 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
745 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
746 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
761 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
763 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
769 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
774 if (optind != argc - 1) {
775 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
777 filename = argv[optind++];
779 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
780 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
781 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
782 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
784 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
788 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
789 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
794 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
796 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
800 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
807 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
808 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
810 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
811 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
816 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
817 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
819 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
820 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
822 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
824 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
825 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
826 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
827 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
829 check->corruptions_fixed);
832 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
834 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
835 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
839 switch (output_format) {
841 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
844 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
849 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
851 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
853 error_report("Check failed");
859 if (check->corruptions) {
861 } else if (check->leaks) {
868 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
873 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
874 BlockDriverState *bs;
876 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
878 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
880 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
883 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
887 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
889 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
892 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
895 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
896 qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
897 ((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
898 } while (!job->ready && !job->completed);
900 if (!job->completed) {
901 ret = block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
905 block_job_unref(job);
906 aio_context_release(aio_context);
908 /* publish completion progress only when success */
910 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
914 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
917 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
919 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
921 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
923 Error *local_err = NULL;
924 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
925 bool image_opts = false;
926 AioContext *aio_context;
929 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
932 static const struct option long_options[] = {
933 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
934 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
935 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
938 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
945 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
948 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
973 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
975 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
981 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
987 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
992 if (optind != argc - 1) {
993 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
995 filename = argv[optind++];
997 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
998 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1003 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
1004 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1006 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1010 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1017 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1018 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1021 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1023 error_setg(&local_err,
1024 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1029 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1030 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1031 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1032 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1034 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1039 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1044 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1045 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1046 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, BLOCK_JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1047 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1048 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1049 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1054 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1055 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1056 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1057 * counter here preemptively. */
1062 job = block_job_get("commit");
1063 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1068 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1069 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1071 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1083 qemu_progress_end();
1088 error_report_err(local_err);
1092 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1097 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1100 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1101 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1103 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
1112 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1113 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1115 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1124 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1125 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1126 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1128 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1132 int num_checked, num_used;
1138 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1144 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1146 num_checked = num_used;
1149 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1151 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1153 num_checked += *pnum;
1155 num_used = num_checked;
1156 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1166 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
1167 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
1169 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1170 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
1172 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
1183 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
1184 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1188 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
1197 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1199 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
1201 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1204 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
1206 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1210 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1212 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
1213 * data and negative value on error.
1215 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1216 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
1217 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
1218 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1219 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1220 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1222 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t sect_num,
1223 int sect_count, const char *filename,
1224 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1227 ret = blk_pread(blk, sect_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buffer,
1228 sect_count << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1230 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1231 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
1234 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
1235 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
1236 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1237 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
1245 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1247 * 0 - Images are identical
1249 * >1 - Error occurred
1251 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1253 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1254 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1255 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1256 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
1257 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1259 int allocated1, allocated2;
1260 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1261 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1264 int64_t total_sectors;
1265 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1268 uint64_t progress_base;
1269 bool image_opts = false;
1270 bool force_share = false;
1272 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1274 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1275 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1276 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1277 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1278 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1281 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1282 long_options, NULL);
1288 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1291 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1317 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1319 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1326 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1332 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1338 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1339 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1341 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1342 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1344 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1345 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1351 /* Initialize before goto out */
1352 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1355 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1357 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1362 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1369 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1378 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1379 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1380 total_sectors1 = blk_nb_sectors(blk1);
1381 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1382 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1383 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1387 total_sectors2 = blk_nb_sectors(blk2);
1388 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1389 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1390 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1394 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1395 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1397 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1399 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1401 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1406 int64_t status1, status2;
1407 BlockDriverState *file;
1409 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1410 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1413 status1 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num,
1414 total_sectors1 - sector_num,
1418 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1421 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1423 status2 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num,
1424 total_sectors2 - sector_num,
1428 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1431 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1433 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum1);
1436 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum2);
1440 if ((status1 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK) !=
1441 (status2 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK)) {
1443 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1444 " block status mismatch!\n",
1445 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1449 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1450 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1451 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1453 ret = blk_pread(blk1, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf1,
1454 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1456 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1457 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1462 ret = blk_pread(blk2, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf2,
1463 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1465 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1466 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1467 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1471 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1472 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1473 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1475 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1483 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1484 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1486 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1487 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1491 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1492 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1498 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1499 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1502 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1503 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1504 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1505 const char *filename_over;
1507 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1508 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1509 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1511 filename_over = filename1;
1513 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1515 filename_over = filename2;
1519 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1520 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1523 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, sector_num,
1527 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1534 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1535 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1538 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1539 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1540 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1546 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1547 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1551 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1561 qemu_progress_end();
1566 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1572 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1574 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1576 int64_t *src_sectors;
1578 int64_t total_sectors;
1579 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1580 int64_t allocated_done;
1583 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1584 int64_t sector_next_status;
1585 BlockBackend *target;
1588 bool target_has_backing;
1591 size_t cluster_sectors;
1593 long num_coroutines;
1594 int running_coroutines;
1595 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1596 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1601 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1602 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1605 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1606 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1607 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1609 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1613 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1615 int64_t ret, src_cur_offset;
1618 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1620 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1621 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1623 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1624 BlockDriverState *file;
1625 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1626 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1627 sector_num - src_cur_offset,
1630 ret = bdrv_get_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1631 sector_num - src_cur_offset,
1638 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1639 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1640 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1641 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1643 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1646 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1649 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1650 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1651 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1654 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1655 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1656 * cluster allocated. */
1657 if (s->compressed) {
1658 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1659 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1660 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1662 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1669 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1670 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1676 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1677 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1680 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1682 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1683 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1684 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1685 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1686 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1687 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1689 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1691 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1692 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1694 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1695 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1696 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1703 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1710 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1711 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1712 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1718 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1720 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1723 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1724 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1725 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1726 * visible at the respective offset. */
1727 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1731 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1732 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1733 * it as zero sectors.
1734 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1735 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1737 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1739 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse)) ||
1741 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1744 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1745 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1747 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1748 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
1757 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1758 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1761 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1762 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1763 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1772 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1778 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1780 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1781 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1785 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1786 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1793 s->running_coroutines++;
1794 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1799 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1801 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1802 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1803 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1806 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1808 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1812 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1813 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1815 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1816 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1818 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1819 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1821 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1823 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1824 s->allocated_done += n;
1825 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1826 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1829 if (status == BLK_DATA) {
1830 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1832 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1833 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1836 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1838 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1841 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1842 /* keep writes in order */
1843 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1844 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1845 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1847 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1850 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1851 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1853 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1854 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1859 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1860 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1861 * for this write to complete */
1862 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1863 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1864 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1866 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1867 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1868 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1870 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1878 s->co[index] = NULL;
1879 s->running_coroutines--;
1880 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1881 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1886 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1889 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1891 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1892 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1893 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1896 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1897 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1899 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1901 s->has_zero_init = true;
1905 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1906 * can be copied at a time. */
1907 if (s->compressed) {
1908 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1909 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1912 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1915 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1916 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1920 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1922 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1928 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1929 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1931 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1932 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1933 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1934 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1935 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1938 while (s->running_coroutines) {
1939 main_loop_wait(false);
1942 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1943 /* signal EOF to align */
1944 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1953 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1955 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
1956 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
1957 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
1958 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1959 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
1960 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1961 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
1962 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
1963 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1964 char *options = NULL;
1965 Error *local_err = NULL;
1966 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
1967 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
1968 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
1969 bool force_share = false;
1971 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
1972 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1974 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1975 .wr_in_order = true,
1976 .num_coroutines = 8,
1980 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1981 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1982 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1983 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1984 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1985 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
1988 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
1989 long_options, NULL);
1995 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1998 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2010 out_baseimg = optarg;
2013 s.compressed = true;
2016 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
2017 "encryption\' instead!");
2020 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
2021 "compat6\' instead!");
2024 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2025 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2029 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2031 char *old_options = options;
2032 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2033 g_free(old_options);
2037 snapshot_name = optarg;
2040 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2041 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2044 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2049 snapshot_name = optarg;
2056 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2058 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
2062 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2081 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2082 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2083 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2084 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2089 s.wr_in_order = false;
2094 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2095 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2096 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2103 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2106 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2107 tgt_image_opts = true;
2112 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2116 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2117 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2122 if (!s.wr_in_order && s.compressed) {
2123 error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
2127 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2128 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2132 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2133 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2135 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2137 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2140 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2145 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2146 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2151 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2152 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2154 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2158 /* Initialize before goto out */
2162 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2163 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2165 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2166 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2168 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2169 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2170 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
2176 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2177 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2178 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2179 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2183 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2187 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2188 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2189 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2191 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2192 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2193 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2198 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2202 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2208 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2209 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2211 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2216 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2218 error_report_err(local_err);
2223 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2224 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2230 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2231 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2232 proto_drv->format_name);
2237 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2238 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2240 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2242 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2244 error_report_err(local_err);
2250 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2252 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2258 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2259 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2260 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2261 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2263 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2265 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2266 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2267 "concatenating multiple input images");
2272 /* Check if compression is supported */
2275 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2276 const char *preallocation =
2277 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2279 if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2280 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2286 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2293 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2295 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2303 /* Create the new image */
2304 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2306 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2307 out_filename, out_fmt);
2312 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2313 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2315 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2320 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2321 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2323 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2324 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2325 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2326 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2328 s.target = img_open_new_file(out_filename, opts, out_fmt,
2329 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2335 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2337 if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2338 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2343 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2344 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2346 s.buf_sectors = MIN(32768,
2348 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2349 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2350 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2353 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2354 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2355 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2356 strerror(-output_sectors));
2359 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2360 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2366 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2369 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2373 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2374 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2377 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2380 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2382 qemu_progress_end();
2383 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2384 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2385 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2386 blk_unref(s.target);
2388 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2389 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2393 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2401 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2403 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2406 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2409 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2410 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2412 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2414 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2420 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2424 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2426 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2427 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2428 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2429 assert(str != NULL);
2430 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2431 qobject_decref(obj);
2436 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2440 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2442 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2443 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2444 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2445 assert(str != NULL);
2446 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2447 qobject_decref(obj);
2452 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2454 ImageInfoList *elem;
2457 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2463 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2467 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2469 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2473 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2475 * @filename: topmost image filename
2476 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2477 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2478 * false - only topmost image file
2480 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2481 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2484 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2485 const char *filename,
2487 bool chain, bool force_share)
2489 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2490 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2491 GHashTable *filenames;
2494 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2498 BlockDriverState *bs;
2500 ImageInfoList *elem;
2502 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2503 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2507 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2509 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2510 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2517 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2519 error_report_err(err);
2524 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2531 filename = fmt = NULL;
2533 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2534 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2535 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2536 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2537 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2538 info->backing_filename);
2541 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2542 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2546 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2550 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2551 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2555 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2558 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2560 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2561 ImageInfoList *list;
2562 bool image_opts = false;
2563 bool force_share = false;
2568 int option_index = 0;
2569 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2570 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2571 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2572 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2573 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2574 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2575 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2576 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2579 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2580 long_options, &option_index);
2586 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2589 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2603 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2606 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2608 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2614 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2619 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2620 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2622 filename = argv[optind++];
2624 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2625 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2626 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2627 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2628 } else if (output) {
2629 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2633 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2634 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2639 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2645 switch (output_format) {
2647 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2651 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2653 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2658 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2662 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2665 switch (output_format) {
2667 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2668 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2671 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2672 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2673 e->start, e->length,
2674 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2675 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2677 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2678 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2680 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2686 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2687 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2688 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2689 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2690 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2691 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2692 if (e->has_offset) {
2693 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2704 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2705 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2709 BlockDriverState *file;
2712 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2713 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2719 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors,
2725 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2728 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2737 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2740 .start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2741 .length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2742 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2743 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2744 .offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK,
2745 .has_offset = has_offset,
2747 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2748 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2754 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2756 if (curr->length == 0) {
2759 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2760 curr->data != next->data ||
2761 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2762 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2763 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2766 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2769 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2775 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2778 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2780 BlockDriverState *bs;
2781 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2783 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2785 bool image_opts = false;
2786 bool force_share = false;
2791 int option_index = 0;
2792 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2793 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2794 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2795 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2796 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2797 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2798 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2801 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2802 long_options, &option_index);
2808 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2811 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2825 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2827 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2833 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2838 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2839 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2841 filename = argv[optind];
2843 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2844 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2845 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2846 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2847 } else if (output) {
2848 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2852 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2853 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2858 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
2864 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2865 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2868 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2869 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2870 int64_t nsectors_left;
2874 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2876 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2877 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2878 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2879 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2882 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2886 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2887 curr.length += next.length;
2891 if (curr.length > 0) {
2892 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2897 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2904 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2905 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2906 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2907 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2909 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2912 BlockDriverState *bs;
2913 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2914 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2915 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2920 bool image_opts = false;
2921 bool force_share = false;
2923 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2924 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2926 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2927 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2928 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2929 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2930 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2933 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
2934 long_options, NULL);
2940 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2943 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2950 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2953 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2954 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2958 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2961 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2962 snapshot_name = optarg;
2966 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2969 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2970 snapshot_name = optarg;
2974 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2977 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2978 snapshot_name = optarg;
2986 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2988 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2994 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3000 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3001 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3003 filename = argv[optind++];
3005 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3006 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3011 /* Open the image */
3012 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3019 /* Perform the requested action */
3025 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3026 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3027 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3029 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3030 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3031 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3033 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3035 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3036 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3040 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3041 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
3043 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3044 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3048 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3049 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3051 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3066 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3068 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3069 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3070 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3071 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3073 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3074 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3075 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3077 bool force_share = false;
3080 Error *local_err = NULL;
3081 bool image_opts = false;
3083 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3085 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3086 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3090 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3091 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3092 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3093 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3094 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3097 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3098 long_options, NULL);
3104 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3107 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3116 out_basefmt = optarg;
3119 out_baseimg = optarg;
3136 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3138 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3144 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3157 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3158 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3160 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3161 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3163 filename = argv[optind++];
3165 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3166 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3171 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3172 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3174 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3175 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3177 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3182 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3184 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3188 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3189 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3190 (void) src_writethrough;
3195 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3196 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3198 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3206 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3207 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3208 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3214 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3216 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3217 QDict *options = NULL;
3219 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3220 options = qdict_new();
3221 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
3226 options = qdict_new();
3228 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3230 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3231 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3232 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3233 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3234 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3235 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3241 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3242 options = qdict_new();
3244 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3247 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3250 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
3251 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3252 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3253 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3254 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3263 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3264 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3265 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3266 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3268 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3269 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3272 int64_t num_sectors;
3273 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
3274 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
3277 float local_progress = 0;
3279 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3280 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3282 num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
3283 if (num_sectors < 0) {
3284 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3285 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
3289 old_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing);
3290 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3291 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3293 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3294 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3295 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
3299 if (blk_new_backing) {
3300 new_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing);
3301 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3302 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3303 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
3309 if (num_sectors != 0) {
3310 local_progress = (float)100 /
3311 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
3314 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
3316 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
3317 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
3318 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
3320 n = num_sectors - sector;
3323 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3324 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
3326 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3335 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3336 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3338 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
3339 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3341 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
3342 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3345 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3346 buf_old, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3348 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3353 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !blk_new_backing) {
3354 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3356 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
3357 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3360 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3361 buf_new, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3363 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3368 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3369 uint64_t written = 0;
3371 while (written < n) {
3374 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
3375 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
3377 ret = blk_pwrite(blk,
3378 (sector + written) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3379 buf_old + written * 512,
3380 pnum << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
3382 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3390 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3395 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3396 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3397 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3399 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3400 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3402 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3405 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3406 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3407 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3408 } else if (ret < 0) {
3409 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3410 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3413 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3415 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3416 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3417 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3418 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3421 qemu_progress_end();
3424 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3425 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3427 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3428 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3437 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3440 int c, ret, relative;
3441 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3442 int64_t n, total_size;
3444 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3447 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3448 .name = "resize_options",
3449 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3452 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3453 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3454 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3460 bool image_opts = false;
3462 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3463 * as options by getopt. */
3465 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3469 size = argv[--argc];
3471 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3474 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3475 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3476 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3477 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3480 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3481 long_options, NULL);
3487 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3490 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3501 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3503 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3509 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3514 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3515 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3517 filename = argv[optind++];
3519 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3520 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3525 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3541 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3542 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3544 error_report_err(err);
3546 qemu_opts_del(param);
3549 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3550 qemu_opts_del(param);
3552 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3553 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3561 total_size = blk_getlength(blk) + n * relative;
3565 if (total_size <= 0) {
3566 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3571 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, &err);
3573 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3575 error_report_err(err);
3585 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3586 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3589 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3592 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3596 char *options = NULL;
3597 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3598 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3599 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3602 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3603 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3604 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3605 bool image_opts = false;
3607 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3609 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3610 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3611 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3612 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3615 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3616 long_options, NULL);
3623 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3626 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3632 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3633 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3635 goto out_no_progress;
3638 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3640 char *old_options = options;
3641 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3642 g_free(old_options);
3658 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3662 goto out_no_progress;
3665 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3672 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3675 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3676 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3679 goto out_no_progress;
3685 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3687 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3688 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3689 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3690 * given), print option help here */
3691 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3695 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3696 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3701 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3702 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3704 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3708 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3716 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3718 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3719 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3720 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3724 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3725 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3731 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3732 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3733 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3735 error_report_err(err);
3740 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3741 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3742 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3743 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3745 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3750 qemu_progress_end();
3754 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3755 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3764 typedef struct BenchData {
3766 uint64_t image_size;
3773 bool drain_on_flush;
3782 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3785 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3790 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3792 BenchData *b = opaque;
3796 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3801 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3802 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3803 b->in_flush = false;
3804 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3805 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3810 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3811 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3812 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3813 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3815 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3819 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3822 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3824 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3828 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3834 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3835 int64_t offset = b->offset;
3836 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
3837 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
3838 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
3841 b->offset += b->step;
3842 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3844 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3846 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3849 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3855 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3858 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3860 bool image_opts = false;
3861 bool is_write = false;
3865 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3868 int flush_interval = 0;
3869 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3871 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3872 BenchData data = {};
3874 bool writethrough = false;
3875 struct timeval t1, t2;
3877 bool force_share = false;
3880 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3881 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3882 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3883 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3884 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3885 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3886 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3889 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
3896 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3899 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3908 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3909 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3919 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3920 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3930 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3934 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
3936 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3949 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3950 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3951 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3962 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3963 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3964 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3972 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3974 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
3980 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
3986 case OPTION_PATTERN:
3990 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
3991 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
3997 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4001 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4002 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4005 flush_interval = res;
4008 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4009 drain_on_flush = false;
4011 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4017 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4018 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4020 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4022 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4023 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4027 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4028 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4033 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4040 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4041 if (image_size < 0) {
4046 data = (BenchData) {
4048 .image_size = image_size,
4050 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4055 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4056 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4058 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4059 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4060 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4061 data.offset, data.step);
4062 if (flush_interval) {
4063 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4066 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4067 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4069 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4070 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4071 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4072 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4073 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4076 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4079 while (data.n > 0) {
4080 main_loop_wait(false);
4082 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4084 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4085 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4086 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4089 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4110 int bsz; /* Block size */
4118 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4122 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4123 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4130 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4131 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4134 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4139 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4140 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4143 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4145 if (dd->count < 0) {
4146 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4153 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4154 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4157 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4162 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4163 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4166 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4171 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4172 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4175 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4177 if (in->offset < 0) {
4178 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4185 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4190 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4191 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4192 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4193 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4194 Error *local_err = NULL;
4195 bool image_opts = false;
4197 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4198 const char *fmt = NULL;
4200 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4201 bool force_share = false;
4202 struct DdInfo dd = {
4207 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4219 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4220 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4221 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4222 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4223 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4224 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4227 const struct option long_options[] = {
4228 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4229 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4230 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4231 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4235 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4247 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4250 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4259 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4264 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4270 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4272 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4274 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4276 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4283 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4284 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4288 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4289 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4294 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4298 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4303 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4304 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4309 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4310 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4316 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4324 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4326 error_report("Unknown file format");
4330 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4333 error_report_err(local_err);
4337 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4338 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4343 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4344 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4345 proto_drv->format_name);
4349 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4350 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4352 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4354 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4356 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4361 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4362 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4363 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4366 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4367 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4368 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4369 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4371 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4372 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4375 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4377 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4378 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4384 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4385 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4386 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4387 * support image-opts style.
4389 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4390 false, false, false);
4397 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4398 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4399 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4400 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4402 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4405 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4408 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4410 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4411 int in_ret, out_ret;
4413 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4414 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4416 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4419 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4426 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4429 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4430 strerror(-out_ret));
4439 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4440 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4443 g_free(in.filename);
4444 g_free(out.filename);
4455 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4456 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4457 { option, callback },
4458 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4464 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4466 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4467 const char *cmdname;
4468 Error *local_error = NULL;
4469 char *trace_file = NULL;
4471 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4472 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4473 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4474 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4479 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4482 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4483 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
4484 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4486 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4487 error_report_err(local_error);
4491 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4493 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4496 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4499 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4500 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4501 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4503 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4506 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4509 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4515 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4519 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4524 cmdname = argv[optind];
4526 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4534 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4537 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4538 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4540 /* find the command */
4541 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4542 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4543 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4548 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);