2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "qemu-version.h"
26 #include "qapi/error.h"
27 #include "qapi-visit.h"
28 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
29 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
31 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
32 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
33 #include "qemu/option.h"
34 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
35 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
36 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
37 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
38 #include "block/block_int.h"
39 #include "block/blockjob.h"
40 #include "block/qapi.h"
41 #include "crypto/init.h"
44 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
45 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
47 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
49 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
54 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
56 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
58 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
59 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
62 typedef enum OutputFormat {
67 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
68 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
70 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
75 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
79 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
82 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
85 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
89 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
90 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
92 const char *help_msg =
94 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
95 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
98 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
100 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
104 "Command parameters:\n"
105 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
106 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
107 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
108 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
109 " encryption keys.\n"
110 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
111 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
112 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
113 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
114 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
115 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
116 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
117 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
118 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
119 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
120 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
121 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
122 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
123 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
125 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
126 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
128 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
130 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
131 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
132 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
133 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
134 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
135 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
136 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
137 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
138 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
139 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
140 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
142 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
143 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
144 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
146 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
147 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
148 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
149 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
150 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
152 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
153 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
154 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
155 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
156 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
157 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
159 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
160 " '-f' first image format\n"
161 " '-F' second image format\n"
162 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
164 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
165 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
170 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
172 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
173 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
179 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
181 .implied_opt_name = "file",
182 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
188 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
194 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
201 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
203 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
204 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
205 Error *local_err = NULL;
207 /* Find driver and parse its options */
208 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
210 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
214 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
216 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
218 error_report_err(local_err);
219 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
222 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
225 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
226 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
231 static int img_open_password(BlockBackend *blk, const char *filename,
232 int flags, bool quiet)
234 BlockDriverState *bs;
238 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && bdrv_key_required(bs) &&
239 !(flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO)) {
240 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
241 if (qemu_read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
242 error_report("No password given");
245 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
246 error_report("invalid password");
254 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
255 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
259 Error *local_err = NULL;
261 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
262 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
264 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
267 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
269 if (img_open_password(blk, optstr, flags, quiet) < 0) {
276 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
277 const char *fmt, int flags,
278 bool writethrough, bool quiet)
281 Error *local_err = NULL;
282 QDict *options = NULL;
285 options = qdict_new();
286 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt));
289 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
291 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
294 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
296 if (img_open_password(blk, filename, flags, quiet) < 0) {
304 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
305 const char *filename,
306 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
313 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
316 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
321 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet);
323 blk = img_open_file(filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
329 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
330 const char *base_filename,
331 const char *base_fmt)
336 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
338 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
345 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
347 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
356 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
359 uint64_t img_size = -1;
360 const char *fmt = "raw";
361 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
362 const char *filename;
363 const char *base_filename = NULL;
364 char *options = NULL;
365 Error *local_err = NULL;
369 static const struct option long_options[] = {
370 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
371 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
374 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q",
388 base_filename = optarg;
394 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
395 "encryption\' instead!");
398 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
399 "compat6\' instead!");
402 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
403 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
407 options = g_strdup(optarg);
409 char *old_options = options;
410 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
417 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
419 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
428 /* Get the filename */
429 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
430 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
432 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
435 if (optind >= argc) {
436 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
440 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
441 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
446 /* Get image size, if specified */
450 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end,
451 QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
452 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
453 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
454 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
456 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
457 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
458 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
459 "petabytes and exabytes.");
463 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
465 if (optind != argc) {
466 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
469 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
470 options, img_size, 0, &local_err, quiet);
472 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
484 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
486 Error *local_err = NULL;
488 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
490 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov), NULL, &check,
492 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
493 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
495 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
497 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
501 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
503 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
504 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
506 if (check->corruptions) {
507 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
508 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
515 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
516 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
520 if (check->check_errors) {
523 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
524 check->check_errors);
528 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
529 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
530 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
531 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
532 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
533 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
534 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
535 check->allocated_clusters);
538 if (check->image_end_offset) {
540 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
544 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
546 const char *filename,
551 BdrvCheckResult result;
553 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
558 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
559 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
560 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
561 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
562 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
563 check->leaks = result.leaks;
564 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
565 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
566 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
567 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
568 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
569 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
570 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
571 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
572 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
573 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
574 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
575 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
576 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
577 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
578 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
584 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
586 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
587 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
588 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
589 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
590 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
592 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
595 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
596 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
598 BlockDriverState *bs;
600 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
604 bool image_opts = false;
608 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
611 int option_index = 0;
612 static const struct option long_options[] = {
613 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
614 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
615 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
616 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
617 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
618 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
621 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:r:T:q",
622 long_options, &option_index);
635 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
637 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
638 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
639 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
640 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
642 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
643 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
655 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
657 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
663 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
668 if (optind != argc - 1) {
669 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
671 filename = argv[optind++];
673 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
674 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
675 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
676 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
678 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
682 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
683 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
688 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
690 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
694 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
700 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
701 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
703 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
704 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
709 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
710 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
712 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
713 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
715 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
717 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
718 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
719 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
720 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
722 check->corruptions_fixed);
725 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
727 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
728 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
732 switch (output_format) {
734 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
737 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
742 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
744 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
746 error_report("Check failed");
752 if (check->corruptions) {
754 } else if (check->leaks) {
761 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
766 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
767 BlockDriverState *bs;
769 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
771 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
773 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
776 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
780 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
782 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
785 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
786 qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
787 ((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
788 } while (!job->ready);
790 block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
792 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
793 * so just signal completion here */
794 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
797 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
800 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
802 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
803 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
805 Error *local_err = NULL;
806 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
807 bool image_opts = false;
810 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
813 static const struct option long_options[] = {
814 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
815 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
816 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
819 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:ht:b:dpq",
849 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
851 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
857 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
863 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
868 if (optind != argc - 1) {
869 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
871 filename = argv[optind++];
873 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
874 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
879 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
880 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
882 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
886 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
892 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
893 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
896 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
898 error_setg(&local_err, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base);
902 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
903 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
904 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
905 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
907 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
912 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
917 commit_active_start(bs, base_bs, 0, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT,
918 common_block_job_cb, &cbi, &local_err);
923 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
924 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
925 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
926 * counter here preemptively. */
931 run_block_job(bs->job, &local_err);
936 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
937 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
939 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
956 error_report_err(local_err);
960 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
965 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
968 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
969 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
971 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
980 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
981 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
983 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
992 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
993 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
994 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
996 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1000 int num_checked, num_used;
1006 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1012 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1014 num_checked = num_used;
1017 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1019 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1021 num_checked += *pnum;
1023 num_used = num_checked;
1024 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1034 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
1035 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
1037 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1038 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
1040 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
1051 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
1052 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1056 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
1065 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1067 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
1069 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1072 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
1074 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1078 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1080 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
1081 * data and negative value on error.
1083 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1084 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
1085 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
1086 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1087 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1088 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1090 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t sect_num,
1091 int sect_count, const char *filename,
1092 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1095 ret = blk_pread(blk, sect_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buffer,
1096 sect_count << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1098 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1099 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
1102 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
1103 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
1104 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1105 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
1113 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1115 * 0 - Images are identical
1117 * >1 - Error occurred
1119 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1121 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1122 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1123 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1124 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
1125 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1127 int allocated1, allocated2;
1128 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1129 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1132 int64_t total_sectors;
1133 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1136 uint64_t progress_base;
1137 bool image_opts = false;
1139 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1141 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1142 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1143 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1144 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1147 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:T:pqs",
1148 long_options, NULL);
1175 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1177 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1184 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1190 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1196 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1197 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1199 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1200 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1202 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1203 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1209 /* Initialize before goto out */
1210 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1213 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1215 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1220 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet);
1226 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet);
1234 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1235 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1236 total_sectors1 = blk_nb_sectors(blk1);
1237 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1238 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1239 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1243 total_sectors2 = blk_nb_sectors(blk2);
1244 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1245 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1246 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1250 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1251 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1253 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1255 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1257 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1262 int64_t status1, status2;
1263 BlockDriverState *file;
1265 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1266 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1269 status1 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num,
1270 total_sectors1 - sector_num,
1274 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1277 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1279 status2 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num,
1280 total_sectors2 - sector_num,
1284 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1287 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1289 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum1);
1292 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum2);
1296 if ((status1 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK) !=
1297 (status2 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK)) {
1299 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1300 " block status mismatch!\n",
1301 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1305 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1306 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1307 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1309 ret = blk_pread(blk1, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf1,
1310 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1312 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1313 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1318 ret = blk_pread(blk2, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf2,
1319 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1321 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1322 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1323 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1327 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1328 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1329 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1331 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1339 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1340 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1342 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1343 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1347 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1348 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1354 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1355 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1358 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1359 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1360 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1361 const char *filename_over;
1363 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1364 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1365 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1367 filename_over = filename1;
1369 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1371 filename_over = filename2;
1375 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1376 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1379 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, sector_num,
1383 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1390 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1391 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1394 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1395 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1396 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1402 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1403 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1407 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1417 qemu_progress_end();
1422 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1428 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1430 int64_t *src_sectors;
1431 int src_cur, src_num;
1432 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1433 int64_t total_sectors;
1434 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1435 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1436 int64_t sector_next_status;
1437 BlockBackend *target;
1440 bool target_has_backing;
1442 size_t cluster_sectors;
1446 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1448 assert(sector_num >= s->src_cur_offset);
1449 while (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[s->src_cur]) {
1450 s->src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
1452 assert(s->src_cur < s->src_num);
1456 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1461 convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
1463 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1464 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1466 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1467 BlockDriverState *file;
1468 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[s->src_cur]),
1469 sector_num - s->src_cur_offset,
1475 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1476 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1477 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1478 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1479 } else if (!s->target_has_backing) {
1480 /* Without a target backing file we must copy over the contents of
1481 * the backing file as well. */
1482 /* Check block status of the backing file chain to avoid
1483 * needlessly reading zeroes and limiting the iteration to the
1485 ret = bdrv_get_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[s->src_cur]), NULL,
1486 sector_num - s->src_cur_offset,
1492 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1493 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1495 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1498 s->status = BLK_BACKING_FILE;
1501 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1504 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1505 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1506 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1509 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1510 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1511 * cluster allocated. */
1512 if (s->compressed) {
1513 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1514 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1515 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1517 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1524 static int convert_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
1530 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1531 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1535 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1536 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1537 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1538 convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
1539 blk = s->src[s->src_cur];
1540 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
1542 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset));
1543 ret = blk_pread(blk,
1544 (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1545 buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1552 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1558 static int convert_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
1563 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1566 switch (s->status) {
1567 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1568 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1569 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1570 * visible at the respective offset. */
1571 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1575 /* We must always write compressed clusters as a whole, so don't
1576 * try to find zeroed parts in the buffer. We can only save the
1577 * write if the buffer is completely zeroed and we're allowed to
1578 * keep the target sparse. */
1579 if (s->compressed) {
1580 if (s->has_zero_init && s->min_sparse &&
1581 buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE))
1583 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1587 ret = blk_write_compressed(s->target, sector_num, buf, n);
1594 /* If there is real non-zero data or we're told to keep the target
1595 * fully allocated (-S 0), we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1596 * it as zero sectors. */
1597 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1598 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse))
1600 ret = blk_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1601 buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1610 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1613 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1614 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1623 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1629 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1631 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1632 int64_t sector_num, allocated_done;
1636 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1637 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1638 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1641 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1642 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1644 ret = bdrv_make_zero(blk_bs(s->target), BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1646 s->has_zero_init = true;
1650 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1651 * can be copied at a time. */
1652 if (s->compressed) {
1653 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1654 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1658 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1660 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1662 /* Calculate allocated sectors for progress */
1663 s->allocated_sectors = 0;
1665 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1666 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1671 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1673 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1680 s->src_cur_offset = 0;
1681 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1686 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1687 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1692 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1694 allocated_done += n;
1695 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * allocated_done / s->allocated_sectors,
1699 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1700 ret = convert_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1702 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1703 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1706 } else if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1707 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1708 memset(buf, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1709 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1712 ret = convert_write(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1714 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1715 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1722 if (s->compressed) {
1723 /* signal EOF to align */
1724 ret = blk_write_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1736 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1738 int c, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1740 int progress = 0, flags, src_flags;
1741 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
1742 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1743 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1744 BlockBackend **blk = NULL, *out_blk = NULL;
1745 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1746 int64_t total_sectors;
1747 int64_t *bs_sectors = NULL;
1748 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1749 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1750 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
1751 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1752 const char *out_baseimg_param;
1753 char *options = NULL;
1754 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1755 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1757 Error *local_err = NULL;
1758 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1759 ImgConvertState state;
1760 bool image_opts = false;
1765 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1770 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1771 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1772 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1773 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1776 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn",
1777 long_options, NULL);
1793 out_baseimg = optarg;
1799 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1800 "encryption\' instead!");
1804 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1805 "compat6\' instead!");
1809 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1810 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1815 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1817 char *old_options = options;
1818 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1819 g_free(old_options);
1823 snapshot_name = optarg;
1826 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1827 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
1830 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1836 snapshot_name = optarg;
1843 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1844 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1845 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1850 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1869 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1875 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1881 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1882 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1887 /* Initialize before goto out */
1891 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1893 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1894 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1896 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1897 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1902 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1906 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1907 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1914 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
1916 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
1920 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1922 blk = g_new0(BlockBackend *, bs_n);
1923 bs = g_new0(BlockDriverState *, bs_n);
1924 bs_sectors = g_new(int64_t, bs_n);
1927 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1928 blk[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
1929 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet);
1934 bs[bs_i] = blk_bs(blk[bs_i]);
1935 bs_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(blk[bs_i]);
1936 if (bs_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
1937 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
1938 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-bs_sectors[bs_i]));
1942 total_sectors += bs_sectors[bs_i];
1946 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1947 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1948 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1950 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1952 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1957 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1960 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
1965 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1966 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1968 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1973 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
1975 error_report_err(local_err);
1981 if (!drv->create_opts) {
1982 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1988 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
1989 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
1990 proto_drv->format_name);
1995 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
1996 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
1998 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2000 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2002 error_report_err(local_err);
2008 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512,
2010 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2016 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2017 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2018 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2019 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2022 /* Check if compression is supported */
2025 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2026 const char *preallocation =
2027 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2029 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
2030 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2036 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2043 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2045 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2053 /* Create the new image */
2054 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2056 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2057 out_filename, out_fmt);
2062 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2063 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2065 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2069 /* XXX we should allow --image-opts to trigger use of
2070 * img_open() here, but then we have trouble with
2071 * the bdrv_create() call which takes different params.
2072 * Not critical right now, so fix can wait...
2074 out_blk = img_open_file(out_filename, out_fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
2079 out_bs = blk_bs(out_blk);
2081 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
2082 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2084 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
2085 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
2086 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
2090 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(out_blk);
2091 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2092 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2093 strerror(-output_sectors));
2096 } else if (output_sectors < total_sectors) {
2097 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2103 cluster_sectors = 0;
2104 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2107 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2111 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2112 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2115 state = (ImgConvertState) {
2117 .src_sectors = bs_sectors,
2119 .total_sectors = total_sectors,
2121 .compressed = compress,
2122 .target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg,
2123 .min_sparse = min_sparse,
2124 .cluster_sectors = cluster_sectors,
2125 .buf_sectors = bufsectors,
2127 ret = convert_do_copy(&state);
2131 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2133 qemu_progress_end();
2134 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2135 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2136 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2140 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
2141 blk_unref(blk[bs_i]);
2156 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2158 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2161 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2164 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2165 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2167 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2169 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2175 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2177 Error *local_err = NULL;
2179 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
2181 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov), NULL, &list,
2183 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
2184 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2185 assert(str != NULL);
2186 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2187 qobject_decref(obj);
2188 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
2192 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2194 Error *local_err = NULL;
2196 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
2198 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov), NULL, &info, &local_err);
2199 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
2200 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2201 assert(str != NULL);
2202 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2203 qobject_decref(obj);
2204 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
2208 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2210 ImageInfoList *elem;
2213 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2219 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2223 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2225 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2229 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2231 * @filename: topmost image filename
2232 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2233 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2234 * false - only topmost image file
2236 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2237 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2240 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2241 const char *filename,
2245 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2246 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2247 GHashTable *filenames;
2250 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2254 BlockDriverState *bs;
2256 ImageInfoList *elem;
2258 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2259 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2263 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2265 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2266 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false);
2272 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2274 error_report_err(err);
2279 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2286 filename = fmt = NULL;
2288 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2289 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2290 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2291 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2292 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2293 info->backing_filename);
2296 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2297 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2301 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2305 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2306 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2310 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2313 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2315 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2316 ImageInfoList *list;
2317 bool image_opts = false;
2322 int option_index = 0;
2323 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2324 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2325 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2326 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2327 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2328 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2329 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2332 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2333 long_options, &option_index);
2348 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2351 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2353 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2359 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2364 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2365 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2367 filename = argv[optind++];
2369 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2370 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2371 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2372 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2373 } else if (output) {
2374 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2378 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2379 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2384 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain);
2389 switch (output_format) {
2391 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2395 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2397 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2402 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2406 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2409 switch (output_format) {
2411 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2412 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2415 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2416 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2417 e->start, e->length,
2418 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2419 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2421 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2422 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2424 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2430 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2431 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2432 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2433 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2434 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2435 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2436 if (e->has_offset) {
2437 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2448 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2449 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2453 BlockDriverState *file;
2456 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2457 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2463 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors,
2469 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2472 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2481 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2484 .start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2485 .length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2486 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2487 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2488 .offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK,
2489 .has_offset = has_offset,
2491 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2492 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2498 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2500 if (curr->length == 0) {
2503 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2504 curr->data != next->data ||
2505 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2506 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2507 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2510 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2513 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2519 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2522 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2524 BlockDriverState *bs;
2525 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2527 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2529 bool image_opts = false;
2534 int option_index = 0;
2535 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2536 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2537 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2538 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2539 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2540 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2543 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2544 long_options, &option_index);
2559 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2561 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2567 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2572 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2573 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2575 filename = argv[optind];
2577 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2578 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2579 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2580 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2581 } else if (output) {
2582 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2586 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2587 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2592 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false);
2598 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2599 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2602 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2603 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2604 int64_t nsectors_left;
2608 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2610 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2611 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2612 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2613 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2616 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2620 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2621 curr.length += next.length;
2625 if (curr.length > 0) {
2626 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2631 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2638 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2639 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2640 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2641 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2643 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2646 BlockDriverState *bs;
2647 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2648 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2649 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2654 bool image_opts = false;
2656 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2657 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2659 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2660 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2661 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2662 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2665 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq",
2666 long_options, NULL);
2677 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2680 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2681 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2685 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2688 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2689 snapshot_name = optarg;
2693 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2696 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2697 snapshot_name = optarg;
2701 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2704 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2705 snapshot_name = optarg;
2710 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2712 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2718 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2724 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2725 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2727 filename = argv[optind++];
2729 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2730 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2735 /* Open the image */
2736 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet);
2742 /* Perform the requested action */
2748 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2749 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2750 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2752 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2753 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2754 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2756 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2758 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2759 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2763 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2764 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2766 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2767 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2771 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2772 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2774 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
2789 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2791 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
2792 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
2793 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
2794 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2796 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2797 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
2798 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
2802 Error *local_err = NULL;
2803 bool image_opts = false;
2805 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2807 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2808 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2812 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2813 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2814 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2815 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2818 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q",
2819 long_options, NULL);
2832 out_basefmt = optarg;
2835 out_baseimg = optarg;
2852 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2854 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2860 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2870 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2871 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2873 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2874 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2876 filename = argv[optind++];
2878 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2879 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2884 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2885 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2887 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2888 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2890 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2895 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2897 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2901 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
2902 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
2903 (void) src_writethrough;
2908 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2909 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2911 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
2918 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2919 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
2920 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2926 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2928 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
2929 QDict *options = NULL;
2931 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2932 options = qdict_new();
2933 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(bs->backing_format));
2936 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2937 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
2938 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2939 if (!blk_old_backing) {
2940 error_reportf_err(local_err,
2941 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
2946 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2948 options = qdict_new();
2949 qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(out_basefmt));
2954 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
2955 options, src_flags, &local_err);
2956 if (!blk_new_backing) {
2957 error_reportf_err(local_err,
2958 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
2966 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2967 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2968 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2969 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2971 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2972 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2975 int64_t num_sectors;
2976 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2977 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2980 float local_progress = 0;
2982 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2983 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2985 num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
2986 if (num_sectors < 0) {
2987 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2988 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
2992 old_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing);
2993 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
2994 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
2996 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2997 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
2998 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
3002 if (blk_new_backing) {
3003 new_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing);
3004 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3005 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3006 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
3012 if (num_sectors != 0) {
3013 local_progress = (float)100 /
3014 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
3017 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
3019 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
3020 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
3021 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
3023 n = num_sectors - sector;
3026 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3027 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
3029 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3038 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3039 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3041 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
3042 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3044 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
3045 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3048 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3049 buf_old, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3051 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3056 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !blk_new_backing) {
3057 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3059 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
3060 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3063 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3064 buf_new, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3066 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3071 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3072 uint64_t written = 0;
3074 while (written < n) {
3077 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
3078 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
3080 ret = blk_pwrite(blk,
3081 (sector + written) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3082 buf_old + written * 512,
3083 pnum << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
3085 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3093 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3098 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3099 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3100 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3102 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3103 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3105 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3108 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3109 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3110 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3111 } else if (ret < 0) {
3112 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3113 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3116 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3118 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3119 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3120 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3121 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3124 qemu_progress_end();
3127 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3128 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3130 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3131 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3140 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3143 int c, ret, relative;
3144 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3145 int64_t n, total_size;
3147 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3150 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3151 .name = "resize_options",
3152 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3155 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3156 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3157 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3163 bool image_opts = false;
3165 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3166 * as options by getopt. */
3168 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3172 size = argv[--argc];
3174 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3177 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3178 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3179 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3180 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3183 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hq",
3184 long_options, NULL);
3199 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3201 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3207 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3212 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3213 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3215 filename = argv[optind++];
3217 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3218 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3223 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3239 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3240 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3242 error_report_err(err);
3244 qemu_opts_del(param);
3247 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3248 qemu_opts_del(param);
3250 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3251 BDRV_O_RDWR, false, quiet);
3258 total_size = blk_getlength(blk) + n * relative;
3262 if (total_size <= 0) {
3263 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3268 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size);
3271 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3274 error_report("This image does not support resize");
3277 error_report("Image is read-only");
3280 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
3291 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3292 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3295 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3298 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3302 char *options = NULL;
3303 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3304 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3305 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3308 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3309 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3310 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3311 bool image_opts = false;
3313 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3315 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3316 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3317 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3318 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3321 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ho:f:t:pq",
3322 long_options, NULL);
3333 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3334 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3336 goto out_no_progress;
3339 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3341 char *old_options = options;
3342 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3343 g_free(old_options);
3359 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3363 goto out_no_progress;
3366 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3373 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3376 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3377 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3380 goto out_no_progress;
3386 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3388 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3389 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3390 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3391 * given), print option help here */
3392 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3396 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3397 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3402 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3403 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3405 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3409 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
3416 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3418 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3419 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3420 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3424 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3425 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3431 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3432 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3434 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3436 error_report_err(err);
3442 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3443 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3444 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3445 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3447 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3452 qemu_progress_end();
3456 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3457 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3466 typedef struct BenchData {
3468 uint64_t image_size;
3475 bool drain_on_flush;
3484 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3487 error_report("Failed flush request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
3492 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3494 BenchData *b = opaque;
3498 error_report("Failed request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
3503 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3504 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3505 b->in_flush = false;
3506 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3507 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3512 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3513 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3514 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3515 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3517 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3521 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3524 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3526 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3530 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3536 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3538 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, b->offset, b->qiov, 0,
3541 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, b->offset, b->qiov, 0,
3545 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3549 b->offset += b->step;
3550 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3554 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3557 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3559 bool image_opts = false;
3560 bool is_write = false;
3564 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3567 int flush_interval = 0;
3568 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3570 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3571 BenchData data = {};
3573 bool writethrough = false;
3574 struct timeval t1, t2;
3578 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3579 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3580 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3581 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3582 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3583 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3586 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:w", long_options, NULL);
3600 count = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3601 if (errno || *end || count > INT_MAX) {
3602 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3611 depth = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3612 if (errno || *end || depth > INT_MAX) {
3613 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3622 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3628 offset = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end,
3629 QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
3630 if (offset < 0|| *end) {
3631 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3645 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
3646 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX || *end) {
3647 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3659 sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
3660 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX || *end) {
3661 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3669 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3671 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
3677 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
3680 case OPTION_PATTERN:
3684 pattern = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3685 if (errno || *end || pattern > 0xff) {
3686 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
3691 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
3695 flush_interval = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
3696 if (errno || *end || flush_interval > INT_MAX) {
3697 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
3702 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
3703 drain_on_flush = false;
3705 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3711 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3712 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3714 filename = argv[argc - 1];
3716 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
3717 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
3721 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
3722 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
3727 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
3733 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3734 if (image_size < 0) {
3739 data = (BenchData) {
3741 .image_size = image_size,
3743 .step = step ?: bufsize,
3748 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
3749 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
3751 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
3752 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
3753 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
3754 data.offset, data.step);
3755 if (flush_interval) {
3756 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
3759 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
3760 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
3762 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
3763 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
3764 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
3765 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
3766 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
3769 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
3772 while (data.n > 0) {
3773 main_loop_wait(false);
3775 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
3777 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
3778 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
3779 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
3782 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
3792 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
3793 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
3794 { option, callback },
3795 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
3801 int main(int argc, char **argv)
3803 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
3804 const char *cmdname;
3805 Error *local_error = NULL;
3807 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3808 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3809 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
3814 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
3817 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
3818 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
3820 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
3821 error_report_err(local_error);
3825 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
3827 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
3830 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3834 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
3835 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
3837 /* find the command */
3838 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
3839 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
3840 return cmd->handler(argc - 1, argv + 1);
3844 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", long_options, NULL);
3850 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
3855 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);