2 # Copyright (c) 2018 Linaro Limited
4 # This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 # modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
6 # License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
7 # version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9 # This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
12 # Lesser General Public License for more details.
14 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
15 # License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 # Generate a decoding tree from a specification file.
21 # The tree is built from instruction "patterns". A pattern may represent
22 # a single architectural instruction or a group of same, depending on what
23 # is convenient for further processing.
25 # Each pattern has "fixedbits" & "fixedmask", the combination of which
26 # describes the condition under which the pattern is matched:
28 # (insn & fixedmask) == fixedbits
30 # Each pattern may have "fields", which are extracted from the insn and
31 # passed along to the translator. Examples of such are registers,
32 # immediates, and sub-opcodes.
34 # In support of patterns, one may declare fields, argument sets, and
35 # formats, each of which may be re-used to simplify further definitions.
39 # field_def := '%' identifier ( unnamed_field )+ ( !function=identifier )?
40 # unnamed_field := number ':' ( 's' ) number
42 # For unnamed_field, the first number is the least-significant bit position of
43 # the field and the second number is the length of the field. If the 's' is
44 # present, the field is considered signed. If multiple unnamed_fields are
45 # present, they are concatenated. In this way one can define disjoint fields.
47 # If !function is specified, the concatenated result is passed through the
48 # named function, taking and returning an integral value.
50 # FIXME: the fields of the structure into which this result will be stored
51 # is restricted to "int". Which means that we cannot expand 64-bit items.
55 # %disp 0:s16 -- sextract(i, 0, 16)
56 # %imm9 16:6 10:3 -- extract(i, 16, 6) << 3 | extract(i, 10, 3)
57 # %disp12 0:s1 1:1 2:10 -- sextract(i, 0, 1) << 11
58 # | extract(i, 1, 1) << 10
60 # %shimm8 5:s8 13:1 !function=expand_shimm8
61 # -- expand_shimm8(sextract(i, 5, 8) << 1
62 # | extract(i, 13, 1))
64 # *** Argument set syntax:
66 # args_def := '&' identifier ( args_elt )+
67 # args_elt := identifier
69 # Each args_elt defines an argument within the argument set.
70 # Each argument set will be rendered as a C structure "arg_$name"
71 # with each of the fields being one of the member arguments.
73 # Argument set examples:
76 # &loadstore reg base offset
80 # fmt_def := '@' identifier ( fmt_elt )+
81 # fmt_elt := fixedbit_elt | field_elt | field_ref | args_ref
82 # fixedbit_elt := [01.-]+
83 # field_elt := identifier ':' 's'? number
84 # field_ref := '%' identifier | identifier '=' '%' identifier
85 # args_ref := '&' identifier
87 # Defining a format is a handy way to avoid replicating groups of fields
88 # across many instruction patterns.
90 # A fixedbit_elt describes a contiguous sequence of bits that must
91 # be 1, 0, [.-] for don't care. The difference between '.' and '-'
92 # is that '.' means that the bit will be covered with a field or a
93 # final [01] from the pattern, and '-' means that the bit is really
94 # ignored by the cpu and will not be specified.
96 # A field_elt describes a simple field only given a width; the position of
97 # the field is implied by its position with respect to other fixedbit_elt
100 # If any fixedbit_elt or field_elt appear then all bits must be defined.
101 # Padding with a fixedbit_elt of all '.' is an easy way to accomplish that.
103 # A field_ref incorporates a field by reference. This is the only way to
104 # add a complex field to a format. A field may be renamed in the process
105 # via assignment to another identifier. This is intended to allow the
106 # same argument set be used with disjoint named fields.
108 # A single args_ref may specify an argument set to use for the format.
109 # The set of fields in the format must be a subset of the arguments in
110 # the argument set. If an argument set is not specified, one will be
111 # inferred from the set of fields.
113 # It is recommended, but not required, that all field_ref and args_ref
114 # appear at the end of the line, not interleaving with fixedbit_elf or
119 # @opr ...... ra:5 rb:5 ... 0 ....... rc:5
120 # @opi ...... ra:5 lit:8 1 ....... rc:5
122 # *** Pattern syntax:
124 # pat_def := identifier ( pat_elt )+
125 # pat_elt := fixedbit_elt | field_elt | field_ref
126 # | args_ref | fmt_ref | const_elt
127 # fmt_ref := '@' identifier
128 # const_elt := identifier '=' number
130 # The fixedbit_elt and field_elt specifiers are unchanged from formats.
131 # A pattern that does not specify a named format will have one inferred
132 # from a referenced argument set (if present) and the set of fields.
134 # A const_elt allows a argument to be set to a constant value. This may
135 # come in handy when fields overlap between patterns and one has to
136 # include the values in the fixedbit_elt instead.
138 # The decoder will call a translator function for each pattern matched.
142 # addl_r 010000 ..... ..... .... 0000000 ..... @opr
143 # addl_i 010000 ..... ..... .... 0000000 ..... @opi
145 # which will, in part, invoke
147 # trans_addl_r(ctx, &arg_opr, insn)
149 # trans_addl_i(ctx, &arg_opi, insn)
160 insnmask = 0xffffffff
166 translate_prefix = 'trans'
167 translate_scope = 'static '
171 insntype = 'uint32_t'
173 re_ident = '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*'
176 def error(lineno, *args):
177 """Print an error message from file:line and args and exit."""
182 r = '{0}:{1}: error:'.format(input_file, lineno)
184 r = '{0}: error:'.format(input_file)
191 if output_file and output_fd:
193 os.remove(output_file)
203 if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
204 re_fullmatch = re.fullmatch
206 def re_fullmatch(pat, str):
207 return re.match('^' + pat + '$', str)
210 def output_autogen():
211 output('/* This file is autogenerated by scripts/decodetree.py. */\n\n')
215 """Return a string with C spaces"""
219 def str_fields(fields):
220 """Return a string uniquely identifing FIELDS"""
222 for n in sorted(fields.keys()):
227 def str_match_bits(bits, mask):
228 """Return a string pretty-printing BITS/MASK"""
231 i = 1 << (insnwidth - 1)
249 """Return true iff X is equal to a power of 2."""
250 return (x & (x - 1)) == 0
254 """Return the number of times 2 factors into X."""
256 while ((x >> r) & 1) == 0:
261 def is_contiguous(bits):
263 if is_pow2((bits >> shift) + 1):
269 def eq_fields_for_args(flds_a, flds_b):
270 if len(flds_a) != len(flds_b):
272 for k, a in flds_a.items():
278 def eq_fields_for_fmts(flds_a, flds_b):
279 if len(flds_a) != len(flds_b):
281 for k, a in flds_a.items():
285 if a.__class__ != b.__class__ or a != b:
291 """Class representing a simple instruction field"""
292 def __init__(self, sign, pos, len):
296 self.mask = ((1 << len) - 1) << pos
303 return str(pos) + ':' + s + str(len)
305 def str_extract(self):
310 return '{0}(insn, {1}, {2})'.format(extr, self.pos, self.len)
312 def __eq__(self, other):
313 return self.sign == other.sign and self.sign == other.sign
315 def __ne__(self, other):
316 return not self.__eq__(other)
321 """Class representing a compound instruction field"""
322 def __init__(self, subs, mask):
324 self.sign = subs[0].sign
328 return str(self.subs)
330 def str_extract(self):
333 for f in reversed(self.subs):
335 ret = f.str_extract()
337 ret = 'deposit32({0}, {1}, {2}, {3})' \
338 .format(ret, pos, 32 - pos, f.str_extract())
342 def __ne__(self, other):
343 if len(self.subs) != len(other.subs):
345 for a, b in zip(self.subs, other.subs):
346 if a.__class__ != b.__class__ or a != b:
350 def __eq__(self, other):
351 return not self.__ne__(other)
356 """Class representing an argument field with constant value"""
357 def __init__(self, value):
360 self.sign = value < 0
363 return str(self.value)
365 def str_extract(self):
366 return str(self.value)
368 def __cmp__(self, other):
369 return self.value - other.value
374 """Class representing a field passed through an expander"""
375 def __init__(self, func, base):
376 self.mask = base.mask
377 self.sign = base.sign
382 return self.func + '(' + str(self.base) + ')'
384 def str_extract(self):
385 return self.func + '(' + self.base.str_extract() + ')'
387 def __eq__(self, other):
388 return self.func == other.func and self.base == other.base
390 def __ne__(self, other):
391 return not self.__eq__(other)
396 """Class representing the extracted fields of a format"""
397 def __init__(self, nm, flds):
399 self.fields = sorted(flds)
402 return self.name + ' ' + str(self.fields)
404 def struct_name(self):
405 return 'arg_' + self.name
407 def output_def(self):
408 output('typedef struct {\n')
409 for n in self.fields:
410 output(' int ', n, ';\n')
411 output('} ', self.struct_name(), ';\n\n')
416 """Common code between instruction formats and instruction patterns"""
417 def __init__(self, name, lineno, base, fixb, fixm, udfm, fldm, flds):
421 self.fixedbits = fixb
422 self.fixedmask = fixm
423 self.undefmask = udfm
424 self.fieldmask = fldm
430 r = r + ' ' + self.base.name
432 r = r + ' ' + str(self.fields)
433 r = r + ' ' + str_match_bits(self.fixedbits, self.fixedmask)
437 return str_indent(i) + self.__str__()
441 class Format(General):
442 """Class representing an instruction format"""
444 def extract_name(self):
445 return 'extract_' + self.name
447 def output_extract(self):
448 output('static void ', self.extract_name(), '(',
449 self.base.struct_name(), ' *a, ', insntype, ' insn)\n{\n')
450 for n, f in self.fields.items():
451 output(' a->', n, ' = ', f.str_extract(), ';\n')
456 class Pattern(General):
457 """Class representing an instruction pattern"""
459 def output_decl(self):
460 global translate_scope
461 global translate_prefix
462 output('typedef ', self.base.base.struct_name(),
463 ' arg_', self.name, ';\n')
464 output(translate_scope, 'bool ', translate_prefix, '_', self.name,
465 '(DisasContext *ctx, arg_', self.name,
466 ' *a, ', insntype, ' insn);\n')
468 def output_code(self, i, extracted, outerbits, outermask):
469 global translate_prefix
471 arg = self.base.base.name
472 output(ind, '/* line ', str(self.lineno), ' */\n')
474 output(ind, self.base.extract_name(), '(&u.f_', arg, ', insn);\n')
475 for n, f in self.fields.items():
476 output(ind, 'u.f_', arg, '.', n, ' = ', f.str_extract(), ';\n')
477 output(ind, 'return ', translate_prefix, '_', self.name,
478 '(ctx, &u.f_', arg, ', insn);\n')
482 def parse_field(lineno, name, toks):
483 """Parse one instruction field from TOKS at LINENO"""
488 # A "simple" field will have only one entry;
489 # a "multifield" will have several.
494 if re_fullmatch('!function=' + re_ident, t):
496 error(lineno, 'duplicate function')
501 if re_fullmatch('[0-9]+:s[0-9]+', t):
502 # Signed field extract
503 subtoks = t.split(':s')
505 elif re_fullmatch('[0-9]+:[0-9]+', t):
506 # Unsigned field extract
507 subtoks = t.split(':')
510 error(lineno, 'invalid field token "{0}"'.format(t))
513 if po + le > insnwidth:
514 error(lineno, 'field {0} too large'.format(t))
515 f = Field(sign, po, le)
519 if width > insnwidth:
520 error(lineno, 'field too large')
527 error(lineno, 'field components overlap')
529 f = MultiField(subs, mask)
531 f = FunctionField(func, f)
534 error(lineno, 'duplicate field', name)
539 def parse_arguments(lineno, name, toks):
540 """Parse one argument set from TOKS at LINENO"""
546 if not re_fullmatch(re_ident, t):
547 error(lineno, 'invalid argument set token "{0}"'.format(t))
549 error(lineno, 'duplicate argument "{0}"'.format(t))
552 if name in arguments:
553 error(lineno, 'duplicate argument set', name)
554 arguments[name] = Arguments(name, flds)
555 # end parse_arguments
558 def lookup_field(lineno, name):
562 error(lineno, 'undefined field', name)
565 def add_field(lineno, flds, new_name, f):
567 error(lineno, 'duplicate field', new_name)
572 def add_field_byname(lineno, flds, new_name, old_name):
573 return add_field(lineno, flds, new_name, lookup_field(lineno, old_name))
576 def infer_argument_set(flds):
579 for arg in arguments.values():
580 if eq_fields_for_args(flds, arg.fields):
583 name = str(len(arguments))
584 arg = Arguments(name, flds.keys())
585 arguments[name] = arg
589 def infer_format(arg, fieldmask, flds):
595 for n, c in flds.items():
601 # Look for an existing format with the same argument set and fields
602 for fmt in formats.values():
603 if arg and fmt.base != arg:
605 if fieldmask != fmt.fieldmask:
607 if not eq_fields_for_fmts(flds, fmt.fields):
609 return (fmt, const_flds)
611 name = 'Fmt_' + str(len(formats))
613 arg = infer_argument_set(flds)
615 fmt = Format(name, 0, arg, 0, 0, 0, fieldmask, var_flds)
618 return (fmt, const_flds)
622 def parse_generic(lineno, is_format, name, toks):
623 """Parse one instruction format from TOKS at LINENO"""
640 # '&Foo' gives a format an explcit argument set.
644 error(lineno, 'multiple argument sets')
648 error(lineno, 'undefined argument set', t)
651 # '@Foo' gives a pattern an explicit format.
655 error(lineno, 'multiple formats')
659 error(lineno, 'undefined format', t)
662 # '%Foo' imports a field.
665 flds = add_field_byname(lineno, flds, tt, tt)
668 # 'Foo=%Bar' imports a field with a different name.
669 if re_fullmatch(re_ident + '=%' + re_ident, t):
670 (fname, iname) = t.split('=%')
671 flds = add_field_byname(lineno, flds, fname, iname)
674 # 'Foo=number' sets an argument field to a constant value
675 if re_fullmatch(re_ident + '=[0-9]+', t):
676 (fname, value) = t.split('=')
678 flds = add_field(lineno, flds, fname, ConstField(value))
681 # Pattern of 0s, 1s, dots and dashes indicate required zeros,
682 # required ones, or dont-cares.
683 if re_fullmatch('[01.-]+', t):
685 fms = t.replace('0', '1')
686 fms = fms.replace('.', '0')
687 fms = fms.replace('-', '0')
688 fbs = t.replace('.', '0')
689 fbs = fbs.replace('-', '0')
690 ubm = t.replace('1', '0')
691 ubm = ubm.replace('.', '0')
692 ubm = ubm.replace('-', '1')
696 fixedbits = (fixedbits << shift) | fbs
697 fixedmask = (fixedmask << shift) | fms
698 undefmask = (undefmask << shift) | ubm
699 # Otherwise, fieldname:fieldwidth
700 elif re_fullmatch(re_ident + ':s?[0-9]+', t):
701 (fname, flen) = t.split(':')
706 shift = int(flen, 10)
707 f = Field(sign, insnwidth - width - shift, shift)
708 flds = add_field(lineno, flds, fname, f)
713 error(lineno, 'invalid token "{0}"'.format(t))
716 # We should have filled in all of the bits of the instruction.
717 if not (is_format and width == 0) and width != insnwidth:
718 error(lineno, 'definition has {0} bits'.format(width))
720 # Do not check for fields overlaping fields; one valid usage
721 # is to be able to duplicate fields via import.
723 for f in flds.values():
726 # Fix up what we've parsed to match either a format or a pattern.
728 # Formats cannot reference formats.
730 error(lineno, 'format referencing format')
731 # If an argument set is given, then there should be no fields
732 # without a place to store it.
734 for f in flds.keys():
735 if f not in arg.fields:
736 error(lineno, 'field {0} not in argument set {1}'
737 .format(f, arg.name))
739 arg = infer_argument_set(flds)
741 error(lineno, 'duplicate format name', name)
742 fmt = Format(name, lineno, arg, fixedbits, fixedmask,
743 undefmask, fieldmask, flds)
746 # Patterns can reference a format ...
748 # ... but not an argument simultaneously
750 error(lineno, 'pattern specifies both format and argument set')
751 if fixedmask & fmt.fixedmask:
752 error(lineno, 'pattern fixed bits overlap format fixed bits')
753 fieldmask |= fmt.fieldmask
754 fixedbits |= fmt.fixedbits
755 fixedmask |= fmt.fixedmask
756 undefmask |= fmt.undefmask
758 (fmt, flds) = infer_format(arg, fieldmask, flds)
760 for f in flds.keys():
761 if f not in arg.fields:
762 error(lineno, 'field {0} not in argument set {1}'
763 .format(f, arg.name))
764 if f in fmt.fields.keys():
765 error(lineno, 'field {0} set by format and pattern'.format(f))
767 if f not in flds.keys() and f not in fmt.fields.keys():
768 error(lineno, 'field {0} not initialized'.format(f))
769 pat = Pattern(name, lineno, fmt, fixedbits, fixedmask,
770 undefmask, fieldmask, flds)
773 # Validate the masks that we have assembled.
774 if fieldmask & fixedmask:
775 error(lineno, 'fieldmask overlaps fixedmask (0x{0:08x} & 0x{1:08x})'
776 .format(fieldmask, fixedmask))
777 if fieldmask & undefmask:
778 error(lineno, 'fieldmask overlaps undefmask (0x{0:08x} & 0x{1:08x})'
779 .format(fieldmask, undefmask))
780 if fixedmask & undefmask:
781 error(lineno, 'fixedmask overlaps undefmask (0x{0:08x} & 0x{1:08x})'
782 .format(fixedmask, undefmask))
784 allbits = fieldmask | fixedmask | undefmask
785 if allbits != insnmask:
786 error(lineno, 'bits left unspecified (0x{0:08x})'
787 .format(allbits ^ insnmask))
792 """Parse all of the patterns within a file"""
794 # Read all of the lines of the file. Concatenate lines
795 # ending in backslash; discard empty lines and comments.
808 # Next line after continuation
822 error(lineno, 'short line')
827 # Determine the type of object needing to be parsed.
829 parse_field(lineno, name[1:], toks)
831 parse_arguments(lineno, name[1:], toks)
833 parse_generic(lineno, True, name[1:], toks)
835 parse_generic(lineno, False, name, toks)
841 """Class representing a node in a decode tree"""
843 def __init__(self, fm, tm):
851 r = '{0}{1:08x}'.format(ind, self.fixedmask)
853 r += ' ' + self.format.name
855 for (b, s) in self.subs:
856 r += '{0} {1:08x}:\n'.format(ind, b)
857 r += s.str1(i + 4) + '\n'
864 def output_code(self, i, extracted, outerbits, outermask):
867 # If we identified all nodes below have the same format,
868 # extract the fields now.
869 if not extracted and self.base:
870 output(ind, self.base.extract_name(),
871 '(&u.f_', self.base.base.name, ', insn);\n')
874 # Attempt to aid the compiler in producing compact switch statements.
875 # If the bits in the mask are contiguous, extract them.
876 sh = is_contiguous(self.thismask)
878 # Propagate SH down into the local functions.
879 def str_switch(b, sh=sh):
880 return '(insn >> {0}) & 0x{1:x}'.format(sh, b >> sh)
882 def str_case(b, sh=sh):
883 return '0x{0:x}'.format(b >> sh)
886 return 'insn & 0x{0:08x}'.format(b)
889 return '0x{0:08x}'.format(b)
891 output(ind, 'switch (', str_switch(self.thismask), ') {\n')
892 for b, s in sorted(self.subs):
893 assert (self.thismask & ~s.fixedmask) == 0
894 innermask = outermask | self.thismask
895 innerbits = outerbits | b
896 output(ind, 'case ', str_case(b), ':\n')
898 str_match_bits(innerbits, innermask), ' */\n')
899 s.output_code(i + 4, extracted, innerbits, innermask)
901 output(ind, 'return false;\n')
905 def build_tree(pats, outerbits, outermask):
906 # Find the intersection of all remaining fixedmask.
907 innermask = ~outermask
909 innermask &= i.fixedmask
914 pnames.append(p.name + ':' + str(p.lineno))
915 error(pats[0].lineno, 'overlapping patterns:', pnames)
917 fullmask = outermask | innermask
919 # Sort each element of pats into the bin selected by the mask.
922 fb = i.fixedbits & innermask
928 # We must recurse if any bin has more than one element or if
929 # the single element in the bin has not been fully matched.
930 t = Tree(fullmask, innermask)
932 for b, l in bins.items():
934 if len(l) > 1 or s.fixedmask & ~fullmask != 0:
935 s = build_tree(l, b | outerbits, fullmask)
936 t.subs.append((b, s))
942 def prop_format(tree):
943 """Propagate Format objects into the decode tree"""
945 # Depth first search.
946 for (b, s) in tree.subs:
947 if isinstance(s, Tree):
950 # If all entries in SUBS have the same format, then
951 # propagate that into the tree.
953 for (b, s) in tree.subs:
968 global translate_scope
969 global translate_prefix
977 decode_function = 'decode'
978 decode_scope = 'static '
980 long_opts = ['decode=', 'translate=', 'output=', 'insnwidth=']
982 (opts, args) = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'o:w:', long_opts)
983 except getopt.GetoptError as err:
986 if o in ('-o', '--output'):
988 elif o == '--decode':
991 elif o == '--translate':
994 elif o in ('-w', '--insnwidth'):
997 insntype = 'uint16_t'
999 elif insnwidth != 32:
1000 error(0, 'cannot handle insns of width', insnwidth)
1002 assert False, 'unhandled option'
1005 error(0, 'missing input file')
1006 input_file = args[0]
1007 f = open(input_file, 'r')
1011 t = build_tree(patterns, 0, 0)
1015 output_fd = open(output_file, 'w')
1017 output_fd = sys.stdout
1020 for n in sorted(arguments.keys()):
1024 # A single translate function can be invoked for different patterns.
1025 # Make sure that the argument sets are the same, and declare the
1026 # function only once.
1029 if i.name in out_pats:
1030 p = out_pats[i.name]
1031 if i.base.base != p.base.base:
1032 error(0, i.name, ' has conflicting argument sets')
1035 out_pats[i.name] = i
1038 for n in sorted(formats.keys()):
1042 output(decode_scope, 'bool ', decode_function,
1043 '(DisasContext *ctx, ', insntype, ' insn)\n{\n')
1046 output(i4, 'union {\n')
1047 for n in sorted(arguments.keys()):
1049 output(i4, i4, f.struct_name(), ' f_', f.name, ';\n')
1050 output(i4, '} u;\n\n')
1052 t.output_code(4, False, 0, 0)
1061 if __name__ == '__main__':