2 * QEMU Executable loader
4 * Copyright (c) 2006 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 * Gunzip functionality in this file is derived from u-boot:
26 * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
28 * (C) Copyright 2000-2005
31 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
32 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
33 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
34 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
36 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
37 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
38 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
39 * GNU General Public License for more details.
41 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
42 * with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
46 #include "disas/disas.h"
47 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
48 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
49 #include "uboot_image.h"
50 #include "hw/loader.h"
51 #include "hw/nvram/fw_cfg.h"
52 #include "exec/memory.h"
53 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
57 bool rom_file_in_ram = true;
59 static int roms_loaded;
61 /* return the size or -1 if error */
62 int get_image_size(const char *filename)
65 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
68 size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
73 /* return the size or -1 if error */
74 /* deprecated, because caller does not specify buffer size! */
75 int load_image(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr)
78 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
81 size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
82 lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
83 if (read(fd, addr, size) != size) {
91 /* read()-like version */
92 ssize_t read_targphys(const char *name,
93 int fd, hwaddr dst_addr, size_t nbytes)
98 buf = g_malloc(nbytes);
99 did = read(fd, buf, nbytes);
101 rom_add_blob_fixed("read", buf, did, dst_addr);
106 /* return the size or -1 if error */
107 int load_image_targphys(const char *filename,
108 hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
112 size = get_image_size(filename);
117 rom_add_file_fixed(filename, addr, -1);
122 void pstrcpy_targphys(const char *name, hwaddr dest, int buf_size,
128 if (buf_size <= 0) return;
129 nulp = memchr(source, 0, buf_size);
131 rom_add_blob_fixed(name, source, (nulp - source) + 1, dest);
133 rom_add_blob_fixed(name, source, buf_size, dest);
134 ptr = rom_ptr(dest + buf_size - 1);
143 uint32_t a_info; /* Use macros N_MAGIC, etc for access */
144 uint32_t a_text; /* length of text, in bytes */
145 uint32_t a_data; /* length of data, in bytes */
146 uint32_t a_bss; /* length of uninitialized data area, in bytes */
147 uint32_t a_syms; /* length of symbol table data in file, in bytes */
148 uint32_t a_entry; /* start address */
149 uint32_t a_trsize; /* length of relocation info for text, in bytes */
150 uint32_t a_drsize; /* length of relocation info for data, in bytes */
153 static void bswap_ahdr(struct exec *e)
155 bswap32s(&e->a_info);
156 bswap32s(&e->a_text);
157 bswap32s(&e->a_data);
159 bswap32s(&e->a_syms);
160 bswap32s(&e->a_entry);
161 bswap32s(&e->a_trsize);
162 bswap32s(&e->a_drsize);
165 #define N_MAGIC(exec) ((exec).a_info & 0xffff)
170 #define _N_HDROFF(x) (1024 - sizeof (struct exec))
171 #define N_TXTOFF(x) \
172 (N_MAGIC(x) == ZMAGIC ? _N_HDROFF((x)) + sizeof (struct exec) : \
173 (N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? 0 : sizeof (struct exec)))
174 #define N_TXTADDR(x, target_page_size) (N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? target_page_size : 0)
175 #define _N_SEGMENT_ROUND(x, target_page_size) (((x) + target_page_size - 1) & ~(target_page_size - 1))
177 #define _N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size) (N_TXTADDR(x, target_page_size)+(x).a_text)
179 #define N_DATADDR(x, target_page_size) \
180 (N_MAGIC(x)==OMAGIC? (_N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size)) \
181 : (_N_SEGMENT_ROUND (_N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size), target_page_size)))
184 int load_aout(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, int max_sz,
185 int bswap_needed, hwaddr target_page_size)
192 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
196 size = read(fd, &e, sizeof(e));
209 if (e.a_text + e.a_data > max_sz)
211 lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
212 size = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr, e.a_text + e.a_data);
217 if (N_DATADDR(e, target_page_size) + e.a_data > max_sz)
219 lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
220 size = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr, e.a_text);
223 ret = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr + N_DATADDR(e, target_page_size),
241 static void *load_at(int fd, int offset, int size)
244 if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
246 ptr = g_malloc(size);
247 if (read(fd, ptr, size) != size) {
258 #define ELF_CLASS ELFCLASS32
262 #define elf_word uint32_t
263 #define elf_sword int32_t
264 #define bswapSZs bswap32s
265 #include "hw/elf_ops.h"
276 #define elfhdr elf64_hdr
277 #define elf_phdr elf64_phdr
278 #define elf_note elf64_note
279 #define elf_shdr elf64_shdr
280 #define elf_sym elf64_sym
281 #define elf_word uint64_t
282 #define elf_sword int64_t
283 #define bswapSZs bswap64s
285 #include "hw/elf_ops.h"
287 const char *load_elf_strerror(int error)
292 case ELF_LOAD_FAILED:
293 return "Failed to load ELF";
294 case ELF_LOAD_NOT_ELF:
295 return "The image is not ELF";
296 case ELF_LOAD_WRONG_ARCH:
297 return "The image is from incompatible architecture";
298 case ELF_LOAD_WRONG_ENDIAN:
299 return "The image has incorrect endianness";
301 return "Unknown error";
305 /* return < 0 if error, otherwise the number of bytes loaded in memory */
306 int load_elf(const char *filename, uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
307 void *translate_opaque, uint64_t *pentry, uint64_t *lowaddr,
308 uint64_t *highaddr, int big_endian, int elf_machine, int clear_lsb)
310 int fd, data_order, target_data_order, must_swab, ret = ELF_LOAD_FAILED;
311 uint8_t e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
313 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
318 if (read(fd, e_ident, sizeof(e_ident)) != sizeof(e_ident))
320 if (e_ident[0] != ELFMAG0 ||
321 e_ident[1] != ELFMAG1 ||
322 e_ident[2] != ELFMAG2 ||
323 e_ident[3] != ELFMAG3) {
324 ret = ELF_LOAD_NOT_ELF;
327 #ifdef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
328 data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
330 data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
332 must_swab = data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA];
334 target_data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
336 target_data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
339 if (target_data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
340 ret = ELF_LOAD_WRONG_ENDIAN;
344 lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
345 if (e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64) {
346 ret = load_elf64(filename, fd, translate_fn, translate_opaque, must_swab,
347 pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, elf_machine, clear_lsb);
349 ret = load_elf32(filename, fd, translate_fn, translate_opaque, must_swab,
350 pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, elf_machine, clear_lsb);
358 static void bswap_uboot_header(uboot_image_header_t *hdr)
360 #ifndef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
361 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_magic);
362 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_hcrc);
363 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_time);
364 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_size);
365 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_load);
366 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_ep);
367 bswap32s(&hdr->ih_dcrc);
372 #define ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT 16
374 static void *zalloc(void *x, unsigned items, unsigned size)
379 size = (size + ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1) & ~(ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1);
386 static void zfree(void *x, void *addr)
393 #define EXTRA_FIELD 4
396 #define RESERVED 0xe0
400 /* This is the usual maximum in uboot, so if a uImage overflows this, it would
401 * overflow on real hardware too. */
402 #define UBOOT_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES (64 << 20)
404 static ssize_t gunzip(void *dst, size_t dstlen, uint8_t *src,
414 if (src[2] != DEFLATED || (flags & RESERVED) != 0) {
415 puts ("Error: Bad gzipped data\n");
418 if ((flags & EXTRA_FIELD) != 0)
419 i = 12 + src[10] + (src[11] << 8);
420 if ((flags & ORIG_NAME) != 0)
421 while (src[i++] != 0)
423 if ((flags & COMMENT) != 0)
424 while (src[i++] != 0)
426 if ((flags & HEAD_CRC) != 0)
429 puts ("Error: gunzip out of data in header\n");
436 r = inflateInit2(&s, -MAX_WBITS);
438 printf ("Error: inflateInit2() returned %d\n", r);
442 s.avail_in = srclen - i;
444 s.avail_out = dstlen;
445 r = inflate(&s, Z_FINISH);
446 if (r != Z_OK && r != Z_STREAM_END) {
447 printf ("Error: inflate() returned %d\n", r);
450 dstbytes = s.next_out - (unsigned char *) dst;
456 /* Load a U-Boot image. */
457 static int load_uboot_image(const char *filename, hwaddr *ep, hwaddr *loadaddr,
458 int *is_linux, uint8_t image_type)
463 uboot_image_header_t h;
464 uboot_image_header_t *hdr = &h;
465 uint8_t *data = NULL;
467 int do_uncompress = 0;
469 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
473 size = read(fd, hdr, sizeof(uboot_image_header_t));
477 bswap_uboot_header(hdr);
479 if (hdr->ih_magic != IH_MAGIC)
482 if (hdr->ih_type != image_type) {
483 fprintf(stderr, "Wrong image type %d, expected %d\n", hdr->ih_type,
488 /* TODO: Implement other image types. */
489 switch (hdr->ih_type) {
491 address = hdr->ih_load;
493 *loadaddr = hdr->ih_load;
496 switch (hdr->ih_comp) {
504 "Unable to load u-boot images with compression type %d\n",
513 /* TODO: Check CPU type. */
515 if (hdr->ih_os == IH_OS_LINUX) {
523 case IH_TYPE_RAMDISK:
527 fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported u-boot image type %d\n", hdr->ih_type);
531 data = g_malloc(hdr->ih_size);
533 if (read(fd, data, hdr->ih_size) != hdr->ih_size) {
534 fprintf(stderr, "Error reading file\n");
539 uint8_t *compressed_data;
543 compressed_data = data;
544 max_bytes = UBOOT_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES;
545 data = g_malloc(max_bytes);
547 bytes = gunzip(data, max_bytes, compressed_data, hdr->ih_size);
548 g_free(compressed_data);
550 fprintf(stderr, "Unable to decompress gzipped image!\n");
553 hdr->ih_size = bytes;
556 rom_add_blob_fixed(filename, data, hdr->ih_size, address);
567 int load_uimage(const char *filename, hwaddr *ep, hwaddr *loadaddr,
570 return load_uboot_image(filename, ep, loadaddr, is_linux, IH_TYPE_KERNEL);
573 /* Load a ramdisk. */
574 int load_ramdisk(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
576 return load_uboot_image(filename, NULL, &addr, NULL, IH_TYPE_RAMDISK);
580 * Functions for reboot-persistent memory regions.
581 * - used for vga bios and option roms.
582 * - also linux kernel (-kernel / -initrd).
585 typedef struct Rom Rom;
591 /* datasize is the amount of memory allocated in "data". If datasize is less
592 * than romsize, it means that the area from datasize to romsize is filled
605 QTAILQ_ENTRY(Rom) next;
608 static FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
609 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, Rom) roms = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(roms);
611 static void rom_insert(Rom *rom)
616 hw_error ("ROM images must be loaded at startup\n");
619 /* list is ordered by load address */
620 QTAILQ_FOREACH(item, &roms, next) {
621 if (rom->addr >= item->addr)
623 QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(item, rom, next);
626 QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&roms, rom, next);
629 static void *rom_set_mr(Rom *rom, Object *owner, const char *name)
633 rom->mr = g_malloc(sizeof(*rom->mr));
634 memory_region_init_ram(rom->mr, owner, name, rom->datasize);
635 memory_region_set_readonly(rom->mr, true);
636 vmstate_register_ram_global(rom->mr);
638 data = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(rom->mr);
639 memcpy(data, rom->data, rom->datasize);
644 int rom_add_file(const char *file, const char *fw_dir,
645 hwaddr addr, int32_t bootindex)
651 rom = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
652 rom->name = g_strdup(file);
653 rom->path = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, rom->name);
654 if (rom->path == NULL) {
655 rom->path = g_strdup(file);
658 fd = open(rom->path, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
660 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open option rom '%s': %s\n",
661 rom->path, strerror(errno));
666 rom->fw_dir = g_strdup(fw_dir);
667 rom->fw_file = g_strdup(file);
670 rom->romsize = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
671 rom->datasize = rom->romsize;
672 rom->data = g_malloc0(rom->datasize);
673 lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
674 rc = read(fd, rom->data, rom->datasize);
675 if (rc != rom->datasize) {
676 fprintf(stderr, "rom: file %-20s: read error: rc=%d (expected %zd)\n",
677 rom->name, rc, rom->datasize);
682 if (rom->fw_file && fw_cfg) {
683 const char *basename;
684 char fw_file_name[FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH];
687 basename = strrchr(rom->fw_file, '/');
691 basename = rom->fw_file;
693 snprintf(fw_file_name, sizeof(fw_file_name), "%s/%s", rom->fw_dir,
695 snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@%s", fw_file_name);
697 if (rom_file_in_ram) {
698 data = rom_set_mr(rom, OBJECT(fw_cfg), devpath);
703 fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, fw_file_name, data, rom->romsize);
705 snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@" TARGET_FMT_plx, addr);
708 add_boot_device_path(bootindex, NULL, devpath);
721 void *rom_add_blob(const char *name, const void *blob, size_t len,
722 hwaddr addr, const char *fw_file_name,
723 FWCfgReadCallback fw_callback, void *callback_opaque)
728 rom = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
729 rom->name = g_strdup(name);
733 rom->data = g_malloc0(rom->datasize);
734 memcpy(rom->data, blob, len);
736 if (fw_file_name && fw_cfg) {
739 snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@%s", fw_file_name);
741 if (rom_file_in_ram) {
742 data = rom_set_mr(rom, OBJECT(fw_cfg), devpath);
747 fw_cfg_add_file_callback(fw_cfg, fw_file_name,
748 fw_callback, callback_opaque,
754 /* This function is specific for elf program because we don't need to allocate
755 * all the rom. We just allocate the first part and the rest is just zeros. This
756 * is why romsize and datasize are different. Also, this function seize the
757 * memory ownership of "data", so we don't have to allocate and copy the buffer.
759 int rom_add_elf_program(const char *name, void *data, size_t datasize,
760 size_t romsize, hwaddr addr)
764 rom = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
765 rom->name = g_strdup(name);
767 rom->datasize = datasize;
768 rom->romsize = romsize;
774 int rom_add_vga(const char *file)
776 return rom_add_file(file, "vgaroms", 0, -1);
779 int rom_add_option(const char *file, int32_t bootindex)
781 return rom_add_file(file, "genroms", 0, bootindex);
784 static void rom_reset(void *unused)
788 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
792 if (rom->data == NULL) {
796 void *host = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(rom->mr);
797 memcpy(host, rom->data, rom->datasize);
799 cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(&address_space_memory,
800 rom->addr, rom->data, rom->datasize);
803 /* rom needs to be written only once */
808 * The rom loader is really on the same level as firmware in the guest
809 * shadowing a ROM into RAM. Such a shadowing mechanism needs to ensure
810 * that the instruction cache for that new region is clear, so that the
811 * CPU definitely fetches its instructions from the just written data.
813 cpu_flush_icache_range(rom->addr, rom->datasize);
817 int rom_load_all(void)
820 MemoryRegionSection section;
823 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
827 if (addr > rom->addr) {
828 fprintf(stderr, "rom: requested regions overlap "
829 "(rom %s. free=0x" TARGET_FMT_plx
830 ", addr=0x" TARGET_FMT_plx ")\n",
831 rom->name, addr, rom->addr);
835 addr += rom->romsize;
836 section = memory_region_find(get_system_memory(), rom->addr, 1);
837 rom->isrom = int128_nz(section.size) && memory_region_is_rom(section.mr);
838 memory_region_unref(section.mr);
840 qemu_register_reset(rom_reset, NULL);
844 void rom_load_done(void)
849 void rom_set_fw(FWCfgState *f)
854 static Rom *find_rom(hwaddr addr)
858 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
865 if (rom->addr > addr) {
868 if (rom->addr + rom->romsize < addr) {
877 * Copies memory from registered ROMs to dest. Any memory that is contained in
878 * a ROM between addr and addr + size is copied. Note that this can involve
879 * multiple ROMs, which need not start at addr and need not end at addr + size.
881 int rom_copy(uint8_t *dest, hwaddr addr, size_t size)
883 hwaddr end = addr + size;
884 uint8_t *s, *d = dest;
888 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
895 if (rom->addr + rom->romsize < addr) {
898 if (rom->addr > end) {
902 d = dest + (rom->addr - addr);
906 if ((d + l) > (dest + size)) {
914 if (rom->romsize > rom->datasize) {
915 /* If datasize is less than romsize, it means that we didn't
916 * allocate all the ROM because the trailing data are only zeros.
920 l = rom->romsize - rom->datasize;
922 if ((d + l) > (dest + size)) {
923 /* Rom size doesn't fit in the destination area. Adjust to avoid
935 return (d + l) - dest;
938 void *rom_ptr(hwaddr addr)
942 rom = find_rom(addr);
943 if (!rom || !rom->data)
945 return rom->data + (addr - rom->addr);
948 void do_info_roms(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
952 QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
954 monitor_printf(mon, "%s"
955 " size=0x%06zx name=\"%s\"\n",
959 } else if (!rom->fw_file) {
960 monitor_printf(mon, "addr=" TARGET_FMT_plx
961 " size=0x%06zx mem=%s name=\"%s\"\n",
962 rom->addr, rom->romsize,
963 rom->isrom ? "rom" : "ram",
966 monitor_printf(mon, "fw=%s/%s"
967 " size=0x%06zx name=\"%s\"\n",