2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
30 void *get_mmap_addr(unsigned long size)
35 void qemu_free(void *ptr)
40 void *qemu_malloc(size_t size)
45 void *qemu_mallocz(size_t size)
48 ptr = qemu_malloc(size);
55 char *qemu_strdup(const char *str)
58 ptr = qemu_malloc(strlen(str) + 1);
65 void term_printf(const char *fmt, ...)
73 void term_print_filename(const char *filename)
75 term_printf(filename);
78 void __attribute__((noreturn)) error(const char *fmt, ...)
82 fprintf(stderr, "qemu-img: ");
83 vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
84 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
89 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
96 printf("qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION ", Copyright (c) 2004-2007 Fabrice Bellard\n"
97 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
98 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
101 " create [-e] [-b base_image] [-f fmt] filename [size]\n"
102 " commit [-f fmt] filename\n"
103 " convert [-c] [-e] [-f fmt] filename [-O output_fmt] output_filename\n"
104 " info [-f fmt] filename\n"
106 "Command parameters:\n"
107 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
108 " 'base_image' is the read-only disk image which is used as base for a copy on\n"
109 " write image; the copy on write image only stores the modified data\n"
110 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
111 " 'size' is the disk image size in kilobytes. Optional suffixes 'M' (megabyte)\n"
112 " and 'G' (gigabyte) are supported\n"
113 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
114 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
115 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
116 " '-e' indicates that the target image must be encrypted (qcow format only)\n"
118 printf("\nSupported format:");
119 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
125 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
126 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
129 printf("Password: ");
136 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
147 static struct termios oldtty;
149 static void term_exit(void)
151 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
154 static void term_init(void)
161 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
162 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
163 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
164 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
165 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
170 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
175 int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
180 printf("password: ");
185 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
187 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
193 } else if (ret == 0) {
201 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
212 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *filename,
215 BlockDriverState *bs;
221 error("Not enough memory");
223 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
225 error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
229 if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, drv) < 0) {
230 error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
232 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs)) {
233 printf("Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
234 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0)
235 error("No password given");
236 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0)
237 error("invalid password");
242 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
244 int c, ret, encrypted;
245 const char *fmt = "raw";
246 const char *filename;
247 const char *base_filename = NULL;
254 c = getopt(argc, argv, "b:f:he");
262 base_filename = optarg;
274 filename = argv[optind++];
277 BlockDriverState *bs;
278 bs = bdrv_new_open(base_filename, NULL);
279 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &size);
286 size = strtoul(p, (char **)&p, 0);
289 } else if (*p == 'G') {
290 size *= 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
291 } else if (*p == 'k' || *p == 'K' || *p == '\0') {
297 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
299 error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
300 printf("Formatting '%s', fmt=%s",
303 printf(", encrypted");
305 printf(", backing_file=%s",
308 printf(", size=%" PRId64 " kB\n", (int64_t) (size / 1024));
309 ret = bdrv_create(drv, filename, size / 512, base_filename, encrypted);
311 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
312 error("Formatting or formatting option not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
314 error("Error while formatting");
320 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
323 const char *filename, *fmt;
325 BlockDriverState *bs;
329 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
343 filename = argv[optind++];
347 error("Not enough memory");
349 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
351 error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
355 if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, drv) < 0) {
356 error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
358 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
361 printf("Image committed.\n");
364 error("No disk inserted");
367 error("Image is read-only");
370 error("Image is already committed");
373 error("Error while committing image");
381 static int is_not_zero(const uint8_t *sector, int len)
385 for(i = 0;i < len; i++) {
386 if (((uint32_t *)sector)[i] != 0)
392 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
400 v = is_not_zero(buf, 512);
401 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
403 if (v != is_not_zero(buf, 512))
410 #define IO_BUF_SIZE 65536
412 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
414 int c, ret, n, n1, compress, cluster_size, cluster_sectors, encrypt;
415 const char *filename, *fmt, *out_fmt, *out_filename;
417 BlockDriverState *bs, *out_bs;
418 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num;
419 uint8_t buf[IO_BUF_SIZE];
428 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:hce");
451 filename = argv[optind++];
454 out_filename = argv[optind++];
456 bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt);
458 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
460 error("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
461 if (compress && drv != &bdrv_qcow && drv != &bdrv_qcow2)
462 error("Compression not supported for this file format");
463 if (encrypt && drv != &bdrv_qcow && drv != &bdrv_qcow2)
464 error("Encryption not supported for this file format");
465 if (compress && encrypt)
466 error("Compression and encryption not supported at the same time");
467 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &total_sectors);
468 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, total_sectors, NULL, encrypt);
470 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
471 error("Formatting not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
473 error("Error while formatting '%s'", out_filename);
477 out_bs = bdrv_new_open(out_filename, out_fmt);
480 if (bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi) < 0)
481 error("could not get block driver info");
482 cluster_size = bdi.cluster_size;
483 if (cluster_size <= 0 || cluster_size > IO_BUF_SIZE)
484 error("invalid cluster size");
485 cluster_sectors = cluster_size >> 9;
488 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
491 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
495 if (bdrv_read(bs, sector_num, buf, n) < 0)
496 error("error while reading");
497 if (n < cluster_sectors)
498 memset(buf + n * 512, 0, cluster_size - n * 512);
499 if (is_not_zero(buf, cluster_size)) {
500 if (bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf,
501 cluster_sectors) != 0)
502 error("error while compressing sector %" PRId64,
507 /* signal EOF to align */
508 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
512 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
515 if (nb_sectors >= (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512))
516 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
519 if (bdrv_read(bs, sector_num, buf, n) < 0)
520 error("error while reading");
521 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
522 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
523 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
526 if (is_allocated_sectors(buf1, n, &n1)) {
527 if (bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1) < 0)
528 error("error while writing");
542 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
544 typedef DWORD (WINAPI * get_compressed_t)(const char *filename, DWORD *high);
545 get_compressed_t get_compressed;
548 /* WinNT support GetCompressedFileSize to determine allocate size */
549 get_compressed = (get_compressed_t) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32"), "GetCompressedFileSizeA");
550 if (get_compressed) {
552 low = get_compressed(filename, &high);
553 if (low != 0xFFFFFFFFlu || GetLastError() == NO_ERROR)
554 return (((int64_t) high) << 32) + low;
557 if (_stati64(filename, &st) < 0)
562 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
565 if (stat(filename, &st) < 0)
567 return (int64_t)st.st_blocks * 512;
571 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
573 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
577 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
580 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
581 printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), NULL));
582 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
584 printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), sn));
589 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
592 const char *filename, *fmt;
594 BlockDriverState *bs;
595 char fmt_name[128], size_buf[128], dsize_buf[128];
596 int64_t total_sectors, allocated_size;
597 char backing_filename[1024];
598 char backing_filename2[1024];
603 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
617 filename = argv[optind++];
621 error("Not enough memory");
623 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
625 error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
629 if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, drv) < 0) {
630 error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
632 bdrv_get_format(bs, fmt_name, sizeof(fmt_name));
633 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &total_sectors);
634 get_human_readable_size(size_buf, sizeof(size_buf), total_sectors * 512);
635 allocated_size = get_allocated_file_size(filename);
636 if (allocated_size < 0)
637 sprintf(dsize_buf, "unavailable");
639 get_human_readable_size(dsize_buf, sizeof(dsize_buf),
643 "virtual size: %s (%" PRId64 " bytes)\n"
645 filename, fmt_name, size_buf,
646 (total_sectors * 512),
648 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs))
649 printf("encrypted: yes\n");
650 if (bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi) >= 0) {
651 if (bdi.cluster_size != 0)
652 printf("cluster_size: %d\n", bdi.cluster_size);
654 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_filename, sizeof(backing_filename));
655 if (backing_filename[0] != '\0') {
656 path_combine(backing_filename2, sizeof(backing_filename2),
657 filename, backing_filename);
658 printf("backing file: %s (actual path: %s)\n",
667 int main(int argc, char **argv)
676 if (!strcmp(cmd, "create")) {
677 img_create(argc, argv);
678 } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "commit")) {
679 img_commit(argc, argv);
680 } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "convert")) {
681 img_convert(argc, argv);
682 } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "info")) {
683 img_info(argc, argv);