2 * Bitmaps for the QCOW version 2 format
4 * Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
6 * This file is derived from qcow2-snapshot.c, original copyright:
7 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Fabrice Bellard
9 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
10 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
11 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
12 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
13 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
14 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
16 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
17 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
19 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
20 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
21 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
22 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
23 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
24 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
28 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
29 #include "qapi/error.h"
30 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
34 /* NOTICE: BME here means Bitmaps Extension and used as a namespace for
35 * _internal_ constants. Please do not use this _internal_ abbreviation for
36 * other needs and/or outside of this file. */
38 /* Bitmap directory entry constraints */
39 #define BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE 0x8000000
40 #define BME_MAX_PHYS_SIZE 0x20000000 /* restrict BdrvDirtyBitmap size in RAM */
41 #define BME_MAX_GRANULARITY_BITS 31
42 #define BME_MIN_GRANULARITY_BITS 9
43 #define BME_MAX_NAME_SIZE 1023
45 #if BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE * 8ULL > INT_MAX
46 #error In the code bitmap table physical size assumed to fit into int
49 /* Bitmap directory entry flags */
50 #define BME_RESERVED_FLAGS 0xfffffffcU
51 #define BME_FLAG_IN_USE (1U << 0)
52 #define BME_FLAG_AUTO (1U << 1)
54 /* bits [1, 8] U [56, 63] are reserved */
55 #define BME_TABLE_ENTRY_RESERVED_MASK 0xff000000000001feULL
56 #define BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK 0x00fffffffffffe00ULL
57 #define BME_TABLE_ENTRY_FLAG_ALL_ONES (1ULL << 0)
59 typedef struct QEMU_PACKED Qcow2BitmapDirEntry {
60 /* header is 8 byte aligned */
61 uint64_t bitmap_table_offset;
63 uint32_t bitmap_table_size;
67 uint8_t granularity_bits;
69 uint32_t extra_data_size;
70 /* extra data follows */
72 } Qcow2BitmapDirEntry;
74 typedef struct Qcow2BitmapTable {
76 uint32_t size; /* number of 64bit entries */
77 QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(Qcow2BitmapTable) entry;
80 typedef struct Qcow2Bitmap {
81 Qcow2BitmapTable table;
83 uint8_t granularity_bits;
86 BdrvDirtyBitmap *dirty_bitmap;
88 QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(Qcow2Bitmap) entry;
90 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(Qcow2BitmapList, Qcow2Bitmap) Qcow2BitmapList;
92 typedef enum BitmapType {
93 BT_DIRTY_TRACKING_BITMAP = 1
96 static inline bool can_write(BlockDriverState *bs)
98 return !bdrv_is_read_only(bs) && !(bdrv_get_flags(bs) & BDRV_O_INACTIVE);
101 static int update_header_sync(BlockDriverState *bs)
105 ret = qcow2_update_header(bs);
110 return bdrv_flush(bs->file->bs);
113 static inline void bitmap_table_to_be(uint64_t *bitmap_table, size_t size)
117 for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
118 bitmap_table[i] = cpu_to_be64(bitmap_table[i]);
122 static int check_table_entry(uint64_t entry, int cluster_size)
126 if (entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_RESERVED_MASK) {
130 offset = entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK;
132 /* if offset specified, bit 0 is reserved */
133 if (entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_FLAG_ALL_ONES) {
137 if (offset % cluster_size != 0) {
145 static int check_constraints_on_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
147 uint32_t granularity,
150 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
151 int granularity_bits = ctz32(granularity);
152 int64_t len = bdrv_getlength(bs);
154 assert(granularity > 0);
155 assert((granularity & (granularity - 1)) == 0);
158 error_setg_errno(errp, -len, "Failed to get size of '%s'",
159 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
163 if (granularity_bits > BME_MAX_GRANULARITY_BITS) {
164 error_setg(errp, "Granularity exceeds maximum (%llu bytes)",
165 1ULL << BME_MAX_GRANULARITY_BITS);
168 if (granularity_bits < BME_MIN_GRANULARITY_BITS) {
169 error_setg(errp, "Granularity is under minimum (%llu bytes)",
170 1ULL << BME_MIN_GRANULARITY_BITS);
174 if ((len > (uint64_t)BME_MAX_PHYS_SIZE << granularity_bits) ||
175 (len > (uint64_t)BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE * s->cluster_size <<
178 error_setg(errp, "Too much space will be occupied by the bitmap. "
179 "Use larger granularity");
183 if (strlen(name) > BME_MAX_NAME_SIZE) {
184 error_setg(errp, "Name length exceeds maximum (%u characters)",
192 static void clear_bitmap_table(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t *bitmap_table,
193 uint32_t bitmap_table_size)
195 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
198 for (i = 0; i < bitmap_table_size; ++i) {
199 uint64_t addr = bitmap_table[i] & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK;
204 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, addr, s->cluster_size, QCOW2_DISCARD_ALWAYS);
209 static int bitmap_table_load(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2BitmapTable *tb,
210 uint64_t **bitmap_table)
213 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
217 assert(tb->size != 0);
218 table = g_try_new(uint64_t, tb->size);
223 assert(tb->size <= BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE);
224 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, tb->offset,
225 table, tb->size * sizeof(uint64_t));
230 for (i = 0; i < tb->size; ++i) {
231 table[i] = be64_to_cpu(table[i]);
232 ret = check_table_entry(table[i], s->cluster_size);
238 *bitmap_table = table;
247 static int free_bitmap_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2BitmapTable *tb)
250 uint64_t *bitmap_table;
252 ret = bitmap_table_load(bs, tb, &bitmap_table);
257 clear_bitmap_table(bs, bitmap_table, tb->size);
258 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, tb->offset, tb->size * sizeof(uint64_t),
259 QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
260 g_free(bitmap_table);
268 /* Return the disk size covered by a single qcow2 cluster of bitmap data. */
269 static uint64_t bytes_covered_by_bitmap_cluster(const BDRVQcow2State *s,
270 const BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap)
272 uint64_t granularity = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bitmap);
273 uint64_t limit = granularity * (s->cluster_size << 3);
275 assert(QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(limit,
276 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialization_align(bitmap)));
281 * @bitmap_table entries must satisfy specification constraints.
282 * @bitmap must be cleared */
283 static int load_bitmap_data(BlockDriverState *bs,
284 const uint64_t *bitmap_table,
285 uint32_t bitmap_table_size,
286 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap)
289 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
290 uint64_t offset, limit;
291 uint64_t bm_size = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_size(bitmap);
293 uint64_t i, tab_size =
295 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialization_size(bitmap, 0, bm_size));
297 if (tab_size != bitmap_table_size || tab_size > BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE) {
301 buf = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
302 limit = bytes_covered_by_bitmap_cluster(s, bitmap);
303 for (i = 0, offset = 0; i < tab_size; ++i, offset += limit) {
304 uint64_t count = MIN(bm_size - offset, limit);
305 uint64_t entry = bitmap_table[i];
306 uint64_t data_offset = entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK;
308 assert(check_table_entry(entry, s->cluster_size) == 0);
310 if (data_offset == 0) {
311 if (entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_FLAG_ALL_ONES) {
312 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_deserialize_ones(bitmap, offset, count,
315 /* No need to deserialize zeros because the dirty bitmap is
319 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, data_offset, buf, s->cluster_size);
323 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_deserialize_part(bitmap, buf, offset, count,
329 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_deserialize_finish(bitmap);
337 static BdrvDirtyBitmap *load_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
338 Qcow2Bitmap *bm, Error **errp)
341 uint64_t *bitmap_table = NULL;
342 uint32_t granularity;
343 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = NULL;
345 granularity = 1U << bm->granularity_bits;
346 bitmap = bdrv_create_dirty_bitmap(bs, granularity, bm->name, errp);
347 if (bitmap == NULL) {
351 if (bm->flags & BME_FLAG_IN_USE) {
352 /* Data is unusable, skip loading it */
356 ret = bitmap_table_load(bs, &bm->table, &bitmap_table);
358 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
359 "Could not read bitmap_table table from image for "
360 "bitmap '%s'", bm->name);
364 ret = load_bitmap_data(bs, bitmap_table, bm->table.size, bitmap);
366 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read bitmap '%s' from image",
371 g_free(bitmap_table);
375 g_free(bitmap_table);
376 if (bitmap != NULL) {
377 bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(bitmap);
388 * Bitmap List private functions
389 * Only Bitmap List knows about bitmap directory structure in Qcow2.
392 static inline void bitmap_dir_entry_to_cpu(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
394 entry->bitmap_table_offset = be64_to_cpu(entry->bitmap_table_offset);
395 entry->bitmap_table_size = be32_to_cpu(entry->bitmap_table_size);
396 entry->flags = be32_to_cpu(entry->flags);
397 entry->name_size = be16_to_cpu(entry->name_size);
398 entry->extra_data_size = be32_to_cpu(entry->extra_data_size);
401 static inline void bitmap_dir_entry_to_be(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
403 entry->bitmap_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(entry->bitmap_table_offset);
404 entry->bitmap_table_size = cpu_to_be32(entry->bitmap_table_size);
405 entry->flags = cpu_to_be32(entry->flags);
406 entry->name_size = cpu_to_be16(entry->name_size);
407 entry->extra_data_size = cpu_to_be32(entry->extra_data_size);
410 static inline int calc_dir_entry_size(size_t name_size, size_t extra_data_size)
412 int size = sizeof(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry) + name_size + extra_data_size;
413 return ROUND_UP(size, 8);
416 static inline int dir_entry_size(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
418 return calc_dir_entry_size(entry->name_size, entry->extra_data_size);
421 static inline const char *dir_entry_name_field(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
423 return (const char *)(entry + 1) + entry->extra_data_size;
426 static inline char *dir_entry_copy_name(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
428 const char *name_field = dir_entry_name_field(entry);
429 return g_strndup(name_field, entry->name_size);
432 static inline Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *next_dir_entry(Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
434 return (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)((uint8_t *)entry + dir_entry_size(entry));
437 static int check_dir_entry(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *entry)
439 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
440 uint64_t phys_bitmap_bytes;
443 bool fail = (entry->bitmap_table_size == 0) ||
444 (entry->bitmap_table_offset == 0) ||
445 (entry->bitmap_table_offset % s->cluster_size) ||
446 (entry->bitmap_table_size > BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE) ||
447 (entry->granularity_bits > BME_MAX_GRANULARITY_BITS) ||
448 (entry->granularity_bits < BME_MIN_GRANULARITY_BITS) ||
449 (entry->flags & BME_RESERVED_FLAGS) ||
450 (entry->name_size > BME_MAX_NAME_SIZE) ||
451 (entry->type != BT_DIRTY_TRACKING_BITMAP);
457 phys_bitmap_bytes = (uint64_t)entry->bitmap_table_size * s->cluster_size;
458 len = bdrv_getlength(bs);
464 if (phys_bitmap_bytes > BME_MAX_PHYS_SIZE) {
468 if (!(entry->flags & BME_FLAG_IN_USE) &&
469 (len > ((phys_bitmap_bytes * 8) << entry->granularity_bits)))
472 * We've loaded a valid bitmap (IN_USE not set) or we are going to
473 * store a valid bitmap, but the allocated bitmap table size is not
474 * enough to store this bitmap.
476 * Note, that it's OK to have an invalid bitmap with invalid size due
477 * to a bitmap that was not correctly saved after image resize.
485 static inline void bitmap_directory_to_be(uint8_t *dir, size_t size)
487 uint8_t *end = dir + size;
489 Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *e = (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)dir;
490 dir += dir_entry_size(e);
492 bitmap_dir_entry_to_be(e);
497 * Bitmap List public functions
500 static void bitmap_free(Qcow2Bitmap *bm)
510 static void bitmap_list_free(Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list)
514 if (bm_list == NULL) {
518 while ((bm = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bm_list)) != NULL) {
519 QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bm_list, entry);
526 static Qcow2BitmapList *bitmap_list_new(void)
528 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list = g_new(Qcow2BitmapList, 1);
529 QSIMPLEQ_INIT(bm_list);
534 static uint32_t bitmap_list_count(Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list)
537 uint32_t nb_bitmaps = 0;
539 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
547 * Get bitmap list from qcow2 image. Actually reads bitmap directory,
548 * checks it and convert to bitmap list.
550 static Qcow2BitmapList *bitmap_list_load(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
551 uint64_t size, Error **errp)
554 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
555 uint8_t *dir, *dir_end;
556 Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *e;
557 uint32_t nb_dir_entries = 0;
558 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list = NULL;
561 error_setg(errp, "Requested bitmap directory size is zero");
565 if (size > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE) {
566 error_setg(errp, "Requested bitmap directory size is too big");
570 dir = g_try_malloc(size);
572 error_setg(errp, "Failed to allocate space for bitmap directory");
575 dir_end = dir + size;
577 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset, dir, size);
579 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to read bitmap directory");
583 bm_list = bitmap_list_new();
584 for (e = (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)dir;
585 e < (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)dir_end;
586 e = next_dir_entry(e))
590 if ((uint8_t *)(e + 1) > dir_end) {
594 if (++nb_dir_entries > s->nb_bitmaps) {
595 error_setg(errp, "More bitmaps found than specified in header"
599 bitmap_dir_entry_to_cpu(e);
601 if ((uint8_t *)next_dir_entry(e) > dir_end) {
605 if (e->extra_data_size != 0) {
606 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap extra data is not supported");
610 ret = check_dir_entry(bs, e);
612 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap '%.*s' doesn't satisfy the constraints",
613 e->name_size, dir_entry_name_field(e));
617 bm = g_new0(Qcow2Bitmap, 1);
618 bm->table.offset = e->bitmap_table_offset;
619 bm->table.size = e->bitmap_table_size;
620 bm->flags = e->flags;
621 bm->granularity_bits = e->granularity_bits;
622 bm->name = dir_entry_copy_name(e);
623 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(bm_list, bm, entry);
626 if (nb_dir_entries != s->nb_bitmaps) {
627 error_setg(errp, "Less bitmaps found than specified in header"
632 if ((uint8_t *)e != dir_end) {
641 error_setg(errp, "Broken bitmap directory");
645 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
650 int qcow2_check_bitmaps_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *res,
651 void **refcount_table,
652 int64_t *refcount_table_size)
655 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
656 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
659 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
663 ret = qcow2_inc_refcounts_imrt(bs, res, refcount_table, refcount_table_size,
664 s->bitmap_directory_offset,
665 s->bitmap_directory_size);
670 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
671 s->bitmap_directory_size, NULL);
672 if (bm_list == NULL) {
677 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
678 uint64_t *bitmap_table = NULL;
681 ret = qcow2_inc_refcounts_imrt(bs, res,
682 refcount_table, refcount_table_size,
684 bm->table.size * sizeof(uint64_t));
689 ret = bitmap_table_load(bs, &bm->table, &bitmap_table);
695 for (i = 0; i < bm->table.size; ++i) {
696 uint64_t entry = bitmap_table[i];
697 uint64_t offset = entry & BME_TABLE_ENTRY_OFFSET_MASK;
699 if (check_table_entry(entry, s->cluster_size) < 0) {
708 ret = qcow2_inc_refcounts_imrt(bs, res,
709 refcount_table, refcount_table_size,
710 offset, s->cluster_size);
712 g_free(bitmap_table);
717 g_free(bitmap_table);
721 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
727 * Store bitmap list to qcow2 image as a bitmap directory.
728 * Everything is checked.
730 static int bitmap_list_store(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list,
731 uint64_t *offset, uint64_t *size, bool in_place)
735 int64_t dir_offset = 0;
736 uint64_t dir_size = 0;
738 Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *e;
740 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
741 dir_size += calc_dir_entry_size(strlen(bm->name), 0);
744 if (dir_size == 0 || dir_size > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE) {
749 if (*size != dir_size || *offset == 0) {
753 dir_offset = *offset;
756 dir = g_try_malloc0(dir_size);
761 e = (Qcow2BitmapDirEntry *)dir;
762 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
763 e->bitmap_table_offset = bm->table.offset;
764 e->bitmap_table_size = bm->table.size;
765 e->flags = bm->flags;
766 e->type = BT_DIRTY_TRACKING_BITMAP;
767 e->granularity_bits = bm->granularity_bits;
768 e->name_size = strlen(bm->name);
769 e->extra_data_size = 0;
770 memcpy(e + 1, bm->name, e->name_size);
772 if (check_dir_entry(bs, e) < 0) {
777 e = next_dir_entry(e);
780 bitmap_directory_to_be(dir, dir_size);
783 dir_offset = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, dir_size);
784 if (dir_offset < 0) {
790 /* Actually, even in in-place case ignoring QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY is not
791 * necessary, because we drop QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS when updating bitmap
792 * directory in-place (actually, turn-off the extension), which is checked
793 * in qcow2_check_metadata_overlap() */
794 ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(
795 bs, in_place ? QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY : 0, dir_offset, dir_size,
801 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, dir_offset, dir, dir_size);
810 *offset = dir_offset;
818 if (!in_place && dir_offset > 0) {
819 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, dir_offset, dir_size, QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
829 static int update_ext_header_and_dir_in_place(BlockDriverState *bs,
830 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list)
832 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
835 if (!(s->autoclear_features & QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS) ||
836 bm_list == NULL || QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bm_list) ||
837 bitmap_list_count(bm_list) != s->nb_bitmaps)
842 s->autoclear_features &= ~(uint64_t)QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS;
843 ret = update_header_sync(bs);
845 /* Two variants are possible here:
846 * 1. Autoclear flag is dropped, all bitmaps will be lost.
847 * 2. Autoclear flag is not dropped, old state is left.
852 /* autoclear bit is not set, so we can safely update bitmap directory */
854 ret = bitmap_list_store(bs, bm_list, &s->bitmap_directory_offset,
855 &s->bitmap_directory_size, true);
857 /* autoclear bit is cleared, so all leaked clusters would be removed on
862 ret = update_header_sync(bs);
864 /* autoclear bit is cleared, so all leaked clusters would be removed on
869 s->autoclear_features |= QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS;
870 return update_header_sync(bs);
871 /* If final update_header_sync() fails, two variants are possible:
872 * 1. Autoclear flag is not set, all bitmaps will be lost.
873 * 2. Autoclear flag is set, header and directory are successfully updated.
877 static int update_ext_header_and_dir(BlockDriverState *bs,
878 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list)
880 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
882 uint64_t new_offset = 0;
883 uint64_t new_size = 0;
884 uint32_t new_nb_bitmaps = 0;
885 uint64_t old_offset = s->bitmap_directory_offset;
886 uint64_t old_size = s->bitmap_directory_size;
887 uint32_t old_nb_bitmaps = s->nb_bitmaps;
888 uint64_t old_autocl = s->autoclear_features;
890 if (bm_list != NULL && !QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bm_list)) {
891 new_nb_bitmaps = bitmap_list_count(bm_list);
893 if (new_nb_bitmaps > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS) {
897 ret = bitmap_list_store(bs, bm_list, &new_offset, &new_size, false);
902 ret = qcow2_flush_caches(bs);
907 s->autoclear_features |= QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS;
909 s->autoclear_features &= ~(uint64_t)QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS;
912 s->bitmap_directory_offset = new_offset;
913 s->bitmap_directory_size = new_size;
914 s->nb_bitmaps = new_nb_bitmaps;
916 ret = update_header_sync(bs);
922 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, old_offset, old_size, QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
928 if (new_offset > 0) {
929 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, new_offset, new_size, QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
932 s->bitmap_directory_offset = old_offset;
933 s->bitmap_directory_size = old_size;
934 s->nb_bitmaps = old_nb_bitmaps;
935 s->autoclear_features = old_autocl;
940 /* for g_slist_foreach for GSList of BdrvDirtyBitmap* elements */
941 static void release_dirty_bitmap_helper(gpointer bitmap,
944 bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(bitmap);
947 /* for g_slist_foreach for GSList of BdrvDirtyBitmap* elements */
948 static void set_readonly_helper(gpointer bitmap, gpointer value)
950 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_set_readonly(bitmap, (bool)value);
953 /* qcow2_load_dirty_bitmaps()
954 * Return value is a hint for caller: true means that the Qcow2 header was
955 * updated. (false doesn't mean that the header should be updated by the
956 * caller, it just means that updating was not needed or the image cannot be
958 * On failure the function returns false.
960 bool qcow2_load_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
962 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
963 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
965 GSList *created_dirty_bitmaps = NULL;
966 bool header_updated = false;
967 bool needs_update = false;
969 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
970 /* No bitmaps - nothing to do */
974 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
975 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
976 if (bm_list == NULL) {
980 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
981 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = load_bitmap(bs, bm, errp);
982 if (bitmap == NULL) {
986 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_set_persistence(bitmap, true);
987 if (bm->flags & BME_FLAG_IN_USE) {
988 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_set_inconsistent(bitmap);
990 /* NB: updated flags only get written if can_write(bs) is true. */
991 bm->flags |= BME_FLAG_IN_USE;
994 if (!(bm->flags & BME_FLAG_AUTO)) {
995 bdrv_disable_dirty_bitmap(bitmap);
997 created_dirty_bitmaps =
998 g_slist_append(created_dirty_bitmaps, bitmap);
1001 if (needs_update && can_write(bs)) {
1002 /* in_use flags must be updated */
1003 int ret = update_ext_header_and_dir_in_place(bs, bm_list);
1005 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Can't update bitmap directory");
1008 header_updated = true;
1011 if (!can_write(bs)) {
1012 g_slist_foreach(created_dirty_bitmaps, set_readonly_helper,
1016 g_slist_free(created_dirty_bitmaps);
1017 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1019 return header_updated;
1022 g_slist_foreach(created_dirty_bitmaps, release_dirty_bitmap_helper, bs);
1023 g_slist_free(created_dirty_bitmaps);
1024 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1030 static Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList *get_bitmap_info_flags(uint32_t flags)
1032 Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList *list = NULL;
1033 Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList **plist = &list;
1036 static const struct {
1037 int bme; /* Bitmap directory entry flags */
1038 int info; /* The flags to report to the user */
1040 { BME_FLAG_IN_USE, QCOW2_BITMAP_INFO_FLAGS_IN_USE },
1041 { BME_FLAG_AUTO, QCOW2_BITMAP_INFO_FLAGS_AUTO },
1044 int map_size = ARRAY_SIZE(map);
1046 for (i = 0; i < map_size; ++i) {
1047 if (flags & map[i].bme) {
1048 Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList *entry =
1049 g_new0(Qcow2BitmapInfoFlagsList, 1);
1050 entry->value = map[i].info;
1052 plist = &entry->next;
1053 flags &= ~map[i].bme;
1056 /* Check if the BME_* mapping above is complete */
1063 * qcow2_get_bitmap_info_list()
1064 * Returns a list of QCOW2 bitmap details.
1065 * In case of no bitmaps, the function returns NULL and
1066 * the @errp parameter is not set.
1067 * When bitmap information can not be obtained, the function returns
1068 * NULL and the @errp parameter is set.
1070 Qcow2BitmapInfoList *qcow2_get_bitmap_info_list(BlockDriverState *bs,
1073 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1074 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1076 Qcow2BitmapInfoList *list = NULL;
1077 Qcow2BitmapInfoList **plist = &list;
1079 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1083 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1084 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1085 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1089 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1090 Qcow2BitmapInfo *info = g_new0(Qcow2BitmapInfo, 1);
1091 Qcow2BitmapInfoList *obj = g_new0(Qcow2BitmapInfoList, 1);
1092 info->granularity = 1U << bm->granularity_bits;
1093 info->name = g_strdup(bm->name);
1094 info->flags = get_bitmap_info_flags(bm->flags & ~BME_RESERVED_FLAGS);
1100 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1105 int qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_rw(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
1107 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1108 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1110 GSList *ro_dirty_bitmaps = NULL;
1113 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1114 /* No bitmaps - nothing to do */
1118 if (!can_write(bs)) {
1119 error_setg(errp, "Can't write to the image on reopening bitmaps rw");
1123 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1124 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1125 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1129 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1130 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = bdrv_find_dirty_bitmap(bs, bm->name);
1131 if (bitmap == NULL) {
1135 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_readonly(bitmap)) {
1136 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap %s was loaded prior to rw-reopen, but was "
1137 "not marked as readonly. This is a bug, something went "
1138 "wrong. All of the bitmaps may be corrupted", bm->name);
1143 bm->flags |= BME_FLAG_IN_USE;
1144 ro_dirty_bitmaps = g_slist_append(ro_dirty_bitmaps, bitmap);
1147 if (ro_dirty_bitmaps != NULL) {
1148 /* in_use flags must be updated */
1149 ret = update_ext_header_and_dir_in_place(bs, bm_list);
1151 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Can't update bitmap directory");
1154 g_slist_foreach(ro_dirty_bitmaps, set_readonly_helper, false);
1158 g_slist_free(ro_dirty_bitmaps);
1159 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1164 /* Checks to see if it's safe to resize bitmaps */
1165 int qcow2_truncate_bitmaps_check(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
1167 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1168 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1172 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1176 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1177 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1178 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1182 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1183 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = bdrv_find_dirty_bitmap(bs, bm->name);
1184 if (bitmap == NULL) {
1186 * We rely on all bitmaps being in-memory to be able to resize them,
1187 * Otherwise, we'd need to resize them on disk explicitly
1189 error_setg(errp, "Cannot resize qcow2 with persistent bitmaps that "
1190 "were not loaded into memory");
1196 * The checks against readonly and busy are redundant, but certainly
1197 * do no harm. checks against inconsistent are crucial:
1199 if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_check(bitmap, BDRV_BITMAP_DEFAULT, errp)) {
1206 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1210 /* store_bitmap_data()
1211 * Store bitmap to image, filling bitmap table accordingly.
1213 static uint64_t *store_bitmap_data(BlockDriverState *bs,
1214 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap,
1215 uint32_t *bitmap_table_size, Error **errp)
1218 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1221 uint64_t bm_size = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_size(bitmap);
1222 const char *bm_name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bitmap);
1223 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1224 BdrvDirtyBitmapIter *dbi;
1228 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialization_size(bitmap, 0, bm_size));
1230 if (tb_size > BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE ||
1231 tb_size * s->cluster_size > BME_MAX_PHYS_SIZE)
1233 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap '%s' is too big", bm_name);
1237 tb = g_try_new0(uint64_t, tb_size);
1239 error_setg(errp, "No memory");
1243 dbi = bdrv_dirty_iter_new(bitmap);
1244 buf = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
1245 limit = bytes_covered_by_bitmap_cluster(s, bitmap);
1246 assert(DIV_ROUND_UP(bm_size, limit) == tb_size);
1248 while ((offset = bdrv_dirty_iter_next(dbi)) >= 0) {
1249 uint64_t cluster = offset / limit;
1250 uint64_t end, write_size;
1254 * We found the first dirty offset, but want to write out the
1255 * entire cluster of the bitmap that includes that offset,
1256 * including any leading zero bits.
1258 offset = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(offset, limit);
1259 end = MIN(bm_size, offset + limit);
1260 write_size = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialization_size(bitmap, offset,
1262 assert(write_size <= s->cluster_size);
1264 off = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, s->cluster_size);
1266 error_setg_errno(errp, -off,
1267 "Failed to allocate clusters for bitmap '%s'",
1273 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_serialize_part(bitmap, buf, offset, end - offset);
1274 if (write_size < s->cluster_size) {
1275 memset(buf + write_size, 0, s->cluster_size - write_size);
1278 ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(bs, 0, off, s->cluster_size, false);
1280 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Qcow2 overlap check failed");
1284 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, off, buf, s->cluster_size);
1286 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write bitmap '%s' to file",
1291 if (end >= bm_size) {
1295 bdrv_set_dirty_iter(dbi, end);
1298 *bitmap_table_size = tb_size;
1300 bdrv_dirty_iter_free(dbi);
1305 clear_bitmap_table(bs, tb, tb_size);
1307 bdrv_dirty_iter_free(dbi);
1314 * Store bm->dirty_bitmap to qcow2.
1315 * Set bm->table_offset and bm->table_size accordingly.
1317 static int store_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2Bitmap *bm, Error **errp)
1323 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = bm->dirty_bitmap;
1324 const char *bm_name;
1326 assert(bitmap != NULL);
1328 bm_name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bitmap);
1330 tb = store_bitmap_data(bs, bitmap, &tb_size, errp);
1335 assert(tb_size <= BME_MAX_TABLE_SIZE);
1336 tb_offset = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, tb_size * sizeof(tb[0]));
1337 if (tb_offset < 0) {
1338 error_setg_errno(errp, -tb_offset,
1339 "Failed to allocate clusters for bitmap '%s'",
1345 ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(bs, 0, tb_offset,
1346 tb_size * sizeof(tb[0]), false);
1348 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Qcow2 overlap check failed");
1352 bitmap_table_to_be(tb, tb_size);
1353 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, tb_offset, tb, tb_size * sizeof(tb[0]));
1355 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write bitmap '%s' to file",
1362 bm->table.offset = tb_offset;
1363 bm->table.size = tb_size;
1368 clear_bitmap_table(bs, tb, tb_size);
1370 if (tb_offset > 0) {
1371 qcow2_free_clusters(bs, tb_offset, tb_size * sizeof(tb[0]),
1372 QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER);
1380 static Qcow2Bitmap *find_bitmap_by_name(Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list,
1385 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1386 if (strcmp(name, bm->name) == 0) {
1394 int coroutine_fn qcow2_co_remove_persistent_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
1399 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1400 Qcow2Bitmap *bm = NULL;
1401 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1403 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1404 /* Absence of the bitmap is not an error: see explanation above
1405 * bdrv_remove_persistent_dirty_bitmap() definition. */
1409 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1411 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1412 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1413 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1418 bm = find_bitmap_by_name(bm_list, name);
1424 QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE(bm_list, bm, Qcow2Bitmap, entry);
1426 ret = update_ext_header_and_dir(bs, bm_list);
1428 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to update bitmap extension");
1432 free_bitmap_clusters(bs, &bm->table);
1435 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1438 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1444 * qcow2_store_persistent_dirty_bitmaps
1446 * Stores persistent BdrvDirtyBitmap objects.
1448 * @release_stored: if true, release BdrvDirtyBitmap's after storing to the
1449 * image. This is used in two cases, both via qcow2_inactivate:
1450 * 1. bdrv_close: It's correct to remove bitmaps on close.
1451 * 2. migration: If bitmaps are migrated through migration channel via
1452 * 'dirty-bitmaps' migration capability they are not handled by this code.
1453 * Otherwise, it's OK to drop BdrvDirtyBitmap's and reload them on
1456 * Anyway, it's correct to remove BdrvDirtyBitmap's on inactivation, as
1457 * inactivation means that we lose control on disk, and therefore on bitmaps,
1458 * we should sync them and do not touch more.
1460 * Contrariwise, we don't want to release any bitmaps on just reopen-to-ro,
1461 * when we need to store them, as image is still under our control, and it's
1462 * good to keep all the bitmaps in read-only mode. Moreover, keeping them
1463 * read-only is correct because this is what would happen if we opened the node
1464 * readonly to begin with, and whether we opened directly or reopened to that
1465 * state shouldn't matter for the state we get afterward.
1467 void qcow2_store_persistent_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs,
1468 bool release_stored, Error **errp)
1470 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap;
1471 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1472 uint32_t new_nb_bitmaps = s->nb_bitmaps;
1473 uint64_t new_dir_size = s->bitmap_directory_size;
1475 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1477 QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, Qcow2BitmapTable) drop_tables;
1478 Qcow2BitmapTable *tb, *tb_next;
1479 bool need_write = false;
1481 QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&drop_tables);
1483 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1484 bm_list = bitmap_list_new();
1486 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1487 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1488 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1493 /* check constraints and names */
1494 FOR_EACH_DIRTY_BITMAP(bs, bitmap) {
1495 const char *name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bitmap);
1496 uint32_t granularity = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bitmap);
1499 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bitmap) ||
1500 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_readonly(bitmap) ||
1501 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_inconsistent(bitmap)) {
1507 if (check_constraints_on_bitmap(bs, name, granularity, errp) < 0) {
1508 error_prepend(errp, "Bitmap '%s' doesn't satisfy the constraints: ",
1513 bm = find_bitmap_by_name(bm_list, name);
1515 if (++new_nb_bitmaps > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS) {
1516 error_setg(errp, "Too many persistent bitmaps");
1520 new_dir_size += calc_dir_entry_size(strlen(name), 0);
1521 if (new_dir_size > QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE) {
1522 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap directory is too large");
1526 bm = g_new0(Qcow2Bitmap, 1);
1527 bm->name = g_strdup(name);
1528 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(bm_list, bm, entry);
1530 if (!(bm->flags & BME_FLAG_IN_USE)) {
1531 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap '%s' already exists in the image",
1535 tb = g_memdup(&bm->table, sizeof(bm->table));
1536 bm->table.offset = 0;
1538 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&drop_tables, tb, entry);
1540 bm->flags = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_enabled(bitmap) ? BME_FLAG_AUTO : 0;
1541 bm->granularity_bits = ctz32(bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bitmap));
1542 bm->dirty_bitmap = bitmap;
1549 if (!can_write(bs)) {
1550 error_setg(errp, "No write access");
1554 /* allocate clusters and store bitmaps */
1555 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1556 if (bm->dirty_bitmap == NULL) {
1560 ret = store_bitmap(bs, bm, errp);
1566 ret = update_ext_header_and_dir(bs, bm_list);
1568 error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to update bitmap extension");
1572 /* Bitmap directory was successfully updated, so, old data can be dropped.
1573 * TODO it is better to reuse these clusters */
1574 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(tb, &drop_tables, entry, tb_next) {
1575 free_bitmap_clusters(bs, tb);
1579 if (release_stored) {
1580 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1581 if (bm->dirty_bitmap == NULL) {
1585 bdrv_release_dirty_bitmap(bm->dirty_bitmap);
1590 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1594 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(bm, bm_list, entry) {
1595 if (bm->dirty_bitmap == NULL || bm->table.offset == 0) {
1599 free_bitmap_clusters(bs, &bm->table);
1602 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(tb, &drop_tables, entry, tb_next) {
1606 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1609 int qcow2_reopen_bitmaps_ro(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
1611 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap;
1612 Error *local_err = NULL;
1614 qcow2_store_persistent_dirty_bitmaps(bs, false, &local_err);
1615 if (local_err != NULL) {
1616 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1620 FOR_EACH_DIRTY_BITMAP(bs, bitmap) {
1621 if (bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bitmap)) {
1622 bdrv_dirty_bitmap_set_readonly(bitmap, true);
1629 bool coroutine_fn qcow2_co_can_store_new_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
1631 uint32_t granularity,
1634 BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
1636 Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list;
1638 if (s->qcow_version < 3) {
1639 /* Without autoclear_features, we would always have to assume
1640 * that a program without persistent dirty bitmap support has
1641 * accessed this qcow2 file when opening it, and would thus
1642 * have to drop all dirty bitmaps (defeating their purpose).
1644 error_setg(errp, "Cannot store dirty bitmaps in qcow2 v2 files");
1648 if (check_constraints_on_bitmap(bs, name, granularity, errp) != 0) {
1652 if (s->nb_bitmaps == 0) {
1656 if (s->nb_bitmaps >= QCOW2_MAX_BITMAPS) {
1658 "Maximum number of persistent bitmaps is already reached");
1662 if (s->bitmap_directory_size + calc_dir_entry_size(strlen(name), 0) >
1663 QCOW2_MAX_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_SIZE)
1665 error_setg(errp, "Not enough space in the bitmap directory");
1669 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1670 bm_list = bitmap_list_load(bs, s->bitmap_directory_offset,
1671 s->bitmap_directory_size, errp);
1672 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1673 if (bm_list == NULL) {
1677 found = find_bitmap_by_name(bm_list, name);
1678 bitmap_list_free(bm_list);
1680 error_setg(errp, "Bitmap with the same name is already stored");
1687 error_prepend(errp, "Can't make bitmap '%s' persistent in '%s': ",
1688 name, bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));