2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-version.h"
29 #include "qapi/error.h"
30 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
31 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
32 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
35 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
36 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
37 #include "qemu/option.h"
38 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
40 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
42 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
43 #include "block/block_int.h"
44 #include "block/blockjob.h"
45 #include "block/qapi.h"
46 #include "crypto/init.h"
47 #include "trace/control.h"
49 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
50 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
52 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
54 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
59 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
61 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
63 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
64 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
65 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
67 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
71 typedef enum OutputFormat {
76 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
77 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
79 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
84 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
89 error_vreport(fmt, ap);
92 error_printf("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
96 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
98 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
101 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
103 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
106 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
107 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
109 const char *help_msg =
111 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
112 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
114 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
115 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
116 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
117 " specify tracing options\n"
120 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
122 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
125 "Command parameters:\n"
126 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
127 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
128 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
129 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
130 " encryption keys.\n"
131 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
132 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
133 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
134 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
135 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
136 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
137 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
138 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
139 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
140 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
141 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
142 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
143 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
144 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
146 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
147 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
149 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
150 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
151 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
152 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
153 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
154 " to open the backing file.\n"
155 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
156 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
157 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
158 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
159 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
160 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
161 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
163 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
164 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
165 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
167 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
168 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
169 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
170 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
171 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
173 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
174 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
175 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
176 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
178 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
179 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
180 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
181 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
182 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
183 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
185 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
186 " '-f' first image format\n"
187 " '-F' second image format\n"
188 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
190 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
191 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
193 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
194 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
195 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
196 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
198 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
199 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL, false);
200 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
204 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
206 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
207 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
213 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
215 .implied_opt_name = "file",
216 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
222 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
228 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
235 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
237 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
238 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
239 Error *local_err = NULL;
241 /* Find driver and parse its options */
242 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
244 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
248 if (!drv->create_opts) {
249 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
253 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
255 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
257 error_report_err(local_err);
258 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
261 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
262 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
263 proto_drv->format_name);
264 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
267 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
270 printf("Supported options:\n");
271 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts, false);
272 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
277 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
278 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
279 bool quiet, bool force_share)
282 Error *local_err = NULL;
284 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
286 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
287 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
288 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
289 qobject_unref(options);
292 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
294 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
296 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
299 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
304 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
306 const char *fmt, int flags,
307 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
311 Error *local_err = NULL;
314 options = qdict_new();
317 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
321 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
323 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
325 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
328 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
334 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
335 const char *name, const char *value,
338 QDict *options = opaque;
340 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
341 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
348 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
349 const char *filename,
350 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
351 bool quiet, bool force_share)
357 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
360 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
365 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
368 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
375 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
376 const char *base_filename,
377 const char *base_fmt)
382 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
384 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
391 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
393 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
402 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
407 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
411 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
417 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
420 uint64_t img_size = -1;
421 const char *fmt = "raw";
422 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
423 const char *filename;
424 const char *base_filename = NULL;
425 char *options = NULL;
426 Error *local_err = NULL;
431 static const struct option long_options[] = {
432 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
433 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
436 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
443 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
446 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
455 base_filename = optarg;
461 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
462 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
466 options = g_strdup(optarg);
468 char *old_options = options;
469 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
477 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
479 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
481 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
490 /* Get the filename */
491 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
492 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
494 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
497 if (optind >= argc) {
498 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
502 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
503 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
504 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
508 /* Get image size, if specified */
512 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
514 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
515 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
517 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
518 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
519 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
520 "petabytes and exabytes.");
524 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
526 if (optind != argc) {
527 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
530 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
531 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
533 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
545 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
549 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
551 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
552 visit_complete(v, &obj);
553 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
555 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
561 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
563 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
564 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
566 if (check->corruptions) {
567 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
568 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
575 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
576 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
580 if (check->check_errors) {
583 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
584 check->check_errors);
588 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
589 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
590 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
591 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
592 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
593 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
594 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
595 check->allocated_clusters);
598 if (check->image_end_offset) {
600 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
604 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
606 const char *filename,
611 BdrvCheckResult result;
613 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
618 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
619 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
620 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
621 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
622 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
623 check->leaks = result.leaks;
624 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
625 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
626 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
627 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
628 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
629 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
630 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
631 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
632 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
633 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
634 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
635 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
636 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
637 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
638 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
644 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
646 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
647 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
648 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
649 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
650 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
652 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
655 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
656 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
658 BlockDriverState *bs;
660 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
664 bool image_opts = false;
665 bool force_share = false;
669 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
672 int option_index = 0;
673 static const struct option long_options[] = {
674 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
675 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
676 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
677 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
678 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
679 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
680 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
683 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
684 long_options, &option_index);
690 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
693 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
702 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
704 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
705 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
706 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
707 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
709 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
710 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
725 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
727 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
733 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
738 if (optind != argc - 1) {
739 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
741 filename = argv[optind++];
743 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
744 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
745 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
746 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
748 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
752 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
753 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
754 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
758 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
760 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
764 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
771 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
772 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
774 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
775 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
780 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
781 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
783 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
784 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
786 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
788 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
789 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
790 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
791 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
793 check->corruptions_fixed);
796 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
798 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
799 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
803 switch (output_format) {
805 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
808 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
813 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
815 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
817 error_report("Check failed");
823 if (check->corruptions) {
825 } else if (check->leaks) {
832 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
837 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
838 BlockDriverState *bs;
840 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
842 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
844 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
847 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
851 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
853 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
856 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
859 float progress = 0.0f;
860 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
861 if (job->job.progress_total) {
862 progress = (float)job->job.progress_current /
863 job->job.progress_total * 100.f;
865 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
866 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
868 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
869 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
873 job_unref(&job->job);
874 aio_context_release(aio_context);
876 /* publish completion progress only when success */
878 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
882 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
885 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
887 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
889 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
891 Error *local_err = NULL;
892 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
893 bool image_opts = false;
894 AioContext *aio_context;
897 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
900 static const struct option long_options[] = {
901 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
902 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
903 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
906 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
913 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
916 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
941 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
943 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
949 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
955 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
960 if (optind != argc - 1) {
961 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
963 filename = argv[optind++];
965 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
966 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
967 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
971 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
972 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
974 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
978 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
985 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
986 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
989 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
991 error_setg(&local_err,
992 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
997 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
998 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
999 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1000 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1002 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1007 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1012 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1013 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1014 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1015 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1016 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1017 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1022 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1023 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1024 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1025 * counter here preemptively. */
1030 job = block_job_get("commit");
1032 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1037 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1038 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1040 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1052 qemu_progress_end();
1057 error_report_err(local_err);
1061 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1066 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1067 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1068 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1071 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1074 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1076 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1077 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1081 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1088 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1091 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1092 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1093 * The function will try to align the end offset to alignment boundaries so
1094 * that the request will at least end aligned and consequtive requests will
1095 * also start at an aligned offset.
1097 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1098 int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1107 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1108 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1110 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1115 tail = (sector_num + i) & (alignment - 1);
1117 if (is_zero && i <= tail) {
1118 /* treat unallocated areas which only consist
1119 * of a small tail as allocated. */
1123 /* align up end offset of allocated areas. */
1124 i += alignment - tail;
1127 /* align down end offset of zero areas. */
1136 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1137 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1138 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1140 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1141 int min, int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1144 int num_checked, num_used;
1150 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1156 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1158 sector_num += *pnum;
1159 num_checked = num_used;
1162 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1164 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1166 sector_num += *pnum;
1167 num_checked += *pnum;
1169 num_used = num_checked;
1170 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1180 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1181 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1183 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1184 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1186 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1187 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1190 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1194 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1196 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1198 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1208 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1211 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1213 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1214 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1215 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1218 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1219 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1220 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1221 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1222 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1223 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1225 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1226 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1227 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1232 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1234 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1235 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1238 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1240 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1249 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1251 * 0 - Images are identical
1253 * >1 - Error occurred
1255 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1257 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1258 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1259 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1260 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1261 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1262 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1263 int allocated1, allocated2;
1264 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1265 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1272 uint64_t progress_base;
1273 bool image_opts = false;
1274 bool force_share = false;
1276 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1278 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1279 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1280 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1281 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1282 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1285 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1286 long_options, NULL);
1292 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1295 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1321 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1323 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1330 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1336 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1342 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1343 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1345 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1346 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1348 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1349 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1350 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
1355 /* Initialize before goto out */
1356 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1359 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1361 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1366 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1373 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1382 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1383 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1384 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1385 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1386 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1387 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1391 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1392 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1393 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1394 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1398 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1399 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1401 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1403 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1405 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1409 while (offset < total_size) {
1410 int status1, status2;
1412 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1413 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1417 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1420 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1422 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1423 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1427 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1430 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1432 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1433 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1436 if (status1 != status2) {
1438 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1439 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1443 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1445 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1449 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1450 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1452 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1454 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1458 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1460 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1462 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1466 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1467 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1468 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1469 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1475 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1477 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1478 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1480 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1481 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1488 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1491 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1492 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1493 const char *filename_over;
1495 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1496 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1498 filename_over = filename1;
1501 filename_over = filename2;
1504 while (offset < progress_base) {
1505 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1506 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1510 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1515 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1516 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1517 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1518 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1524 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1528 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1538 qemu_progress_end();
1543 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1549 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1551 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1553 int64_t *src_sectors;
1555 int64_t total_sectors;
1556 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1557 int64_t allocated_done;
1560 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1561 int64_t sector_next_status;
1562 BlockBackend *target;
1565 bool unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1566 bool target_has_backing;
1567 int64_t target_backing_sectors; /* negative if unknown */
1572 size_t cluster_sectors;
1574 long num_coroutines;
1575 int running_coroutines;
1576 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1577 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1582 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1583 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1586 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1587 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1588 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1590 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1594 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1596 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1597 int ret, n, src_cur;
1598 bool post_backing_zero = false;
1600 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1602 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1603 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1605 if (s->target_backing_sectors >= 0) {
1606 if (sector_num >= s->target_backing_sectors) {
1607 post_backing_zero = s->unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1608 } else if (sector_num + n > s->target_backing_sectors) {
1609 /* Split requests around target_backing_sectors (because
1610 * starting from there, zeros are handled differently) */
1611 n = s->target_backing_sectors - sector_num;
1615 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1616 int64_t count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1618 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1620 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1621 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1623 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1625 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1626 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1628 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1631 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %" PRId64
1632 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1635 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1637 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1638 s->status = post_backing_zero ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_ZERO;
1639 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1640 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1642 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1645 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1648 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1649 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1650 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1653 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1654 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1655 * cluster allocated. */
1656 if (s->compressed) {
1657 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1658 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1659 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1661 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1668 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1669 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1674 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1675 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1678 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1680 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1681 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1682 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1683 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1684 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1685 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1687 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1688 qemu_iovec_init_buf(&qiov, buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1690 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1691 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1692 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1699 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1706 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1707 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1708 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1713 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1715 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1718 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1719 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1720 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1721 * visible at the respective offset. */
1722 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1726 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1727 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1728 * it as zero sectors.
1729 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1730 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1732 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1734 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse,
1735 sector_num, s->alignment)) ||
1737 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1739 qemu_iovec_init_buf(&qiov, buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1741 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1742 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
1751 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1752 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1755 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1756 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1757 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1758 BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1767 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1773 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1778 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1781 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1784 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1785 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1786 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1787 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1789 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1791 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1792 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1793 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0, 0);
1804 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1806 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1807 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1811 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1812 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1819 s->running_coroutines++;
1820 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1825 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1828 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1829 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1830 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1833 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1835 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1839 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1840 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1842 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1843 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1845 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1846 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1848 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1850 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1851 s->allocated_done += n;
1852 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1853 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1857 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
1858 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
1859 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1861 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1862 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1865 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1867 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1870 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1871 /* keep writes in order */
1872 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1873 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1874 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1876 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1879 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1881 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
1883 s->copy_range = false;
1887 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1890 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1891 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1896 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1897 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1898 * for this write to complete */
1899 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1900 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1901 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1903 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1904 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1905 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1907 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1915 s->co[index] = NULL;
1916 s->running_coroutines--;
1917 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1918 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1923 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1926 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1928 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1929 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1930 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1933 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1934 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1936 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP | BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK);
1938 s->has_zero_init = true;
1942 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1943 * can be copied at a time. */
1944 if (s->compressed) {
1945 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1946 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1949 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1952 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1953 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1957 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1959 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1965 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1966 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1968 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1969 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1970 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1971 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1972 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1975 while (s->running_coroutines) {
1976 main_loop_wait(false);
1979 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1980 /* signal EOF to align */
1981 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1990 #define MAX_BUF_SECTORS 32768
1992 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1994 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
1995 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
1996 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
1997 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1998 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
1999 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
2000 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
2001 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
2002 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2003 QDict *open_opts = NULL;
2004 char *options = NULL;
2005 Error *local_err = NULL;
2006 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
2007 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
2008 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
2009 bool force_share = false;
2010 bool explict_min_sparse = false;
2012 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
2013 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
2015 .copy_range = false,
2016 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2017 .wr_in_order = true,
2018 .num_coroutines = 8,
2022 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2023 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2024 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2025 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2026 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2027 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2030 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:Cco:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
2031 long_options, NULL);
2037 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2040 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2052 out_baseimg = optarg;
2055 s.copy_range = true;
2058 s.compressed = true;
2061 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2062 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2066 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2068 char *old_options = options;
2069 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2070 g_free(old_options);
2074 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2075 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2078 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2083 snapshot_name = optarg;
2090 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2091 if (sval < 0 || sval & (BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE - 1) ||
2092 sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE > MAX_BUF_SECTORS) {
2093 error_report("Invalid buffer size for sparse output specified. "
2094 "Valid sizes are multiples of %llu up to %llu. Select "
2095 "0 to disable sparse detection (fully allocates output).",
2096 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SECTORS * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2100 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2101 explict_min_sparse = true;
2120 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2121 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2122 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2123 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2128 s.wr_in_order = false;
2133 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2134 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2135 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2142 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2145 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2146 tgt_image_opts = true;
2151 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2155 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2156 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2157 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2161 if (s.compressed && s.copy_range) {
2162 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used");
2166 if (explict_min_sparse && s.copy_range) {
2167 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used");
2171 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2172 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2176 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2177 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2179 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2181 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2184 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2189 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2190 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2195 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2196 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2198 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2202 /* Initialize before goto out */
2206 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2207 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2209 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2210 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2212 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2213 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2214 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
2220 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2221 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2222 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2223 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2227 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2231 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2232 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2233 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2235 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2236 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2237 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2242 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2246 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2252 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2253 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2255 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2260 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2262 error_report_err(local_err);
2267 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2268 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2274 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2275 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2276 proto_drv->format_name);
2281 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2282 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2284 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2286 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2288 error_report_err(local_err);
2294 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2296 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2302 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2303 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2304 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2305 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2307 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2309 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2310 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2311 "concatenating multiple input images");
2316 /* Check if compression is supported */
2319 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2320 const char *encryptfmt =
2321 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2322 const char *preallocation =
2323 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2325 if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2326 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2331 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2332 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2339 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2341 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2349 * The later open call will need any decryption secrets, and
2350 * bdrv_create() will purge "opts", so extract them now before
2354 open_opts = qdict_new();
2355 qemu_opt_foreach(opts, img_add_key_secrets, open_opts, &error_abort);
2359 /* Create the new image */
2360 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2362 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2363 out_filename, out_fmt);
2368 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2369 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2371 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2376 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2377 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2379 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2380 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2381 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2382 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2384 s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, open_opts, out_fmt,
2385 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2386 open_opts = NULL; /* blk_new_open will have freed it */
2392 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2394 if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2395 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2400 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2401 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to
2402 * MAX_BUF_SECTORS as maximum which is currently 32768 (16MB). */
2403 s.buf_sectors = MIN(MAX_BUF_SECTORS,
2405 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2406 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2407 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2409 /* try to align the write requests to the destination to avoid unnecessary
2411 s.alignment = MAX(pow2floor(s.min_sparse),
2412 DIV_ROUND_UP(out_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2414 assert(is_power_of_2(s.alignment));
2417 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2418 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2419 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2420 strerror(-output_sectors));
2423 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2424 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2430 if (s.target_has_backing) {
2431 /* Errors are treated as "backing length unknown" (which means
2432 * s.target_backing_sectors has to be negative, which it will
2433 * be automatically). The backing file length is used only
2434 * for optimizations, so such a case is not fatal. */
2435 s.target_backing_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(out_bs->backing->bs);
2437 s.target_backing_sectors = -1;
2440 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2443 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2447 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2448 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2449 s.unallocated_blocks_are_zero = bdi.unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
2452 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2455 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2457 qemu_progress_end();
2458 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2459 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2460 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2461 qobject_unref(open_opts);
2462 blk_unref(s.target);
2464 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2465 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2469 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2477 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2479 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2482 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2485 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2486 bdrv_snapshot_dump(NULL);
2488 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2490 bdrv_snapshot_dump(sn);
2496 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2500 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2502 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2503 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2504 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2505 assert(str != NULL);
2506 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2512 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2516 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2518 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2519 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2520 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2521 assert(str != NULL);
2522 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2528 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2530 ImageInfoList *elem;
2533 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2539 bdrv_image_info_dump(elem->value);
2543 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2545 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2549 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2551 * @filename: topmost image filename
2552 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2553 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2554 * false - only topmost image file
2556 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2557 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2560 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2561 const char *filename,
2563 bool chain, bool force_share)
2565 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2566 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2567 GHashTable *filenames;
2570 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2574 BlockDriverState *bs;
2576 ImageInfoList *elem;
2578 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2579 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2583 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2585 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2586 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2593 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2595 error_report_err(err);
2600 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2607 filename = fmt = NULL;
2609 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2610 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2611 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2612 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2613 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2614 info->backing_filename);
2617 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2618 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2622 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2626 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2627 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2631 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2634 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2636 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2637 ImageInfoList *list;
2638 bool image_opts = false;
2639 bool force_share = false;
2644 int option_index = 0;
2645 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2646 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2647 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2648 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2649 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2650 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2651 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2652 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2655 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2656 long_options, &option_index);
2662 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2665 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2679 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2682 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2684 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2690 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2695 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2696 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2698 filename = argv[optind++];
2700 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2701 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2702 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2703 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2704 } else if (output) {
2705 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2709 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2710 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2711 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2715 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2721 switch (output_format) {
2723 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2727 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2729 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2734 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2738 static int dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2741 switch (output_format) {
2743 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2744 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2747 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2748 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2749 e->start, e->length,
2750 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2751 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2753 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2754 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2756 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2762 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2763 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2764 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2765 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2766 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2767 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2768 if (e->has_offset) {
2769 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2781 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2782 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
2786 BlockDriverState *file;
2789 char *filename = NULL;
2791 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2792 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2798 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
2803 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2806 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2815 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2817 if (file && has_offset) {
2818 bdrv_refresh_filename(file);
2819 filename = file->filename;
2825 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2826 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2828 .has_offset = has_offset,
2830 .has_filename = filename,
2831 .filename = filename,
2837 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2839 if (curr->length == 0) {
2842 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2843 curr->data != next->data ||
2844 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2845 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2846 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2849 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2852 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2858 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2861 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2863 BlockDriverState *bs;
2864 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2866 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2868 bool image_opts = false;
2869 bool force_share = false;
2874 int option_index = 0;
2875 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2876 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2877 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2878 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2879 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2880 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2881 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2884 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2885 long_options, &option_index);
2891 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2894 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2908 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2910 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2916 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2921 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2922 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2924 filename = argv[optind];
2926 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2927 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2928 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2929 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2930 } else if (output) {
2931 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2935 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2936 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2937 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2941 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
2947 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2948 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2951 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2952 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2953 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
2956 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2957 n = MIN(1 << 30, length - offset);
2958 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
2961 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2965 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2966 curr.length += next.length;
2970 if (curr.length > 0) {
2971 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2979 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2986 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2987 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2988 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2989 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2991 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2994 BlockDriverState *bs;
2995 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2996 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2997 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
3002 bool image_opts = false;
3003 bool force_share = false;
3005 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3006 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3008 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3009 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3010 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3011 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3012 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3015 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
3016 long_options, NULL);
3022 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3025 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3032 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3035 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
3036 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
3040 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3043 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
3044 snapshot_name = optarg;
3048 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3051 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
3052 snapshot_name = optarg;
3056 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3059 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
3060 snapshot_name = optarg;
3068 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3070 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3076 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3082 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3083 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3085 filename = argv[optind++];
3087 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3088 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3089 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
3093 /* Open the image */
3094 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3101 /* Perform the requested action */
3107 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3108 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3109 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3111 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3112 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3113 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3115 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3117 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3118 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3122 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3123 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3125 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3130 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3131 ret = bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, &sn, snapshot_name);
3133 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': snapshot not "
3134 "found", snapshot_name);
3137 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn.id_str, sn.name, &err);
3139 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3155 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3157 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3158 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3159 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3160 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3162 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3163 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3164 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3166 bool force_share = false;
3169 Error *local_err = NULL;
3170 bool image_opts = false;
3172 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3174 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3175 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3179 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3180 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3181 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3182 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3183 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3186 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3187 long_options, NULL);
3193 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3196 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3205 out_basefmt = optarg;
3208 out_baseimg = optarg;
3225 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3227 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3233 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3246 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3247 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3249 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3250 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3252 filename = argv[optind++];
3254 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3255 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3256 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
3260 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3261 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3263 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3264 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3266 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3271 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3273 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3277 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3278 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3279 (void) src_writethrough;
3284 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3285 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3287 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3295 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3296 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3297 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3303 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3305 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3306 QDict *options = NULL;
3308 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3309 options = qdict_new();
3310 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
3315 options = qdict_new();
3317 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3319 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3320 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3321 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3322 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3323 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3324 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3330 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3331 const char *overlay_filename;
3332 char *out_real_path;
3334 options = qdict_new();
3336 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3339 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3342 bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
3343 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3346 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3350 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3351 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3356 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3357 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3358 g_free(out_real_path);
3359 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3360 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3361 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3370 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3371 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3372 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3373 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3375 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3376 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3380 int64_t old_backing_size;
3381 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3384 float local_progress = 0;
3386 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3387 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3389 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3391 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3392 filename, strerror(-size));
3396 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3397 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3398 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3400 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3401 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3402 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3406 if (blk_new_backing) {
3407 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3408 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3409 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3410 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3417 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3420 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3421 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3422 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3424 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3425 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3427 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3436 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3437 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3439 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3440 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3442 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3443 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3446 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3448 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3453 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3454 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3456 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3457 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3460 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3462 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3467 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3468 uint64_t written = 0;
3470 while (written < n) {
3473 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3474 n - written, &pnum))
3476 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3477 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3479 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3487 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3492 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3493 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3494 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3496 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3497 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3499 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3502 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3503 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3504 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3505 } else if (ret < 0) {
3506 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3507 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3510 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3512 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3513 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3514 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3515 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3518 qemu_progress_end();
3521 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3522 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3524 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3525 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3534 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3537 int c, ret, relative;
3538 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3539 int64_t n, total_size, current_size, new_size;
3541 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3542 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3545 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3546 .name = "resize_options",
3547 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3550 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3551 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3552 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3558 bool image_opts = false;
3559 bool shrink = false;
3561 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3562 * as options by getopt. */
3564 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3568 size = argv[--argc];
3570 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3573 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3574 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3575 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3576 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3577 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3578 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3581 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3582 long_options, NULL);
3588 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3591 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3602 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3604 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3610 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3613 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3614 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3615 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3616 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3617 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3626 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3627 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3629 filename = argv[optind++];
3631 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3632 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3633 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
3637 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3653 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3654 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3656 error_report_err(err);
3658 qemu_opts_del(param);
3661 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3662 qemu_opts_del(param);
3664 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3665 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3672 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3673 if (current_size < 0) {
3674 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3675 strerror(-current_size));
3681 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3685 if (total_size <= 0) {
3686 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3691 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3692 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
3697 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
3698 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
3699 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
3700 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
3702 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
3704 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
3708 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
3709 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
3710 "shrink images without this option.");
3714 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, prealloc, &err);
3716 error_report_err(err);
3720 new_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3722 error_report("Failed to verify truncated image length: %s",
3723 strerror(-new_size));
3728 /* Some block drivers implement a truncation method, but only so
3729 * the user can cause qemu to refresh the image's size from disk.
3730 * The idea is that the user resizes the image outside of qemu and
3731 * then invokes block_resize to inform qemu about it.
3732 * (This includes iscsi and file-posix for device files.)
3733 * Of course, that is not the behavior someone invoking
3734 * qemu-img resize would find useful, so we catch that behavior
3735 * here and tell the user. */
3736 if (new_size != total_size && new_size == current_size) {
3737 error_report("Image was not resized; resizing may not be supported "
3743 if (new_size != total_size) {
3744 warn_report("Image should have been resized to %" PRIi64
3745 " bytes, but was resized to %" PRIi64 " bytes",
3746 total_size, new_size);
3749 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3759 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3760 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3763 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3766 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
3770 /* Find driver and parse its options */
3771 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
3773 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
3777 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
3778 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
3783 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
3784 assert(drv->create_opts);
3786 printf("Creation options for '%s':\n", format);
3787 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->create_opts, false);
3788 printf("\nNote that not all of these options may be amendable.\n");
3792 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3796 char *options = NULL;
3797 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3798 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3799 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3802 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3803 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3804 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3805 bool image_opts = false;
3807 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3809 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3810 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3811 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3812 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3815 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3816 long_options, NULL);
3823 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3826 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3832 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3833 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3835 goto out_no_progress;
3838 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3840 char *old_options = options;
3841 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3842 g_free(old_options);
3858 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3862 goto out_no_progress;
3865 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3872 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3875 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3876 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3877 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
3879 goto out_no_progress;
3885 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3887 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3888 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3889 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3890 * given), print option help here */
3891 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
3895 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3896 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3901 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3902 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3904 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3908 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3916 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3918 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3919 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3920 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
3924 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
3925 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
3931 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
3932 assert(bs->drv->create_opts);
3934 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3935 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3936 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3938 error_report_err(err);
3943 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3944 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3945 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, &err);
3946 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3948 error_report_err(err);
3953 qemu_progress_end();
3957 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3958 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3967 typedef struct BenchData {
3969 uint64_t image_size;
3976 bool drain_on_flush;
3985 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3988 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3993 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3995 BenchData *b = opaque;
3999 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4004 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
4005 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
4006 b->in_flush = false;
4007 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
4008 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
4013 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
4014 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
4015 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
4016 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
4018 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4022 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
4025 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
4027 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
4031 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4037 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
4038 int64_t offset = b->offset;
4039 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
4040 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
4041 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
4044 b->offset += b->step;
4045 b->offset %= b->image_size;
4047 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4049 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4052 error_report("Failed to issue request");
4058 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
4061 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
4063 bool image_opts = false;
4064 bool is_write = false;
4068 size_t bufsize = 4096;
4071 int flush_interval = 0;
4072 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4074 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4075 BenchData data = {};
4077 bool writethrough = false;
4078 struct timeval t1, t2;
4080 bool force_share = false;
4084 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4085 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4086 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4087 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4088 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4089 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4090 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4093 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
4100 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4103 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4112 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4113 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4123 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4124 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4134 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4138 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
4140 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
4153 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4154 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4155 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
4166 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4167 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4168 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
4176 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4178 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4184 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4190 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4194 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4195 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4201 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4205 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4206 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4209 flush_interval = res;
4212 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4213 drain_on_flush = false;
4215 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4221 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4222 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4224 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4226 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4227 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4231 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4232 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4237 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4244 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4245 if (image_size < 0) {
4250 data = (BenchData) {
4252 .image_size = image_size,
4254 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4259 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4260 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4262 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4263 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4264 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4265 data.offset, data.step);
4266 if (flush_interval) {
4267 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4270 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4271 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4272 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4274 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4276 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4277 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4278 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4279 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4280 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4283 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4286 while (data.n > 0) {
4287 main_loop_wait(false);
4289 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4291 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4292 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4293 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4297 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4299 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4320 int bsz; /* Block size */
4328 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4332 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4333 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4340 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4341 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4344 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4349 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4350 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4353 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4355 if (dd->count < 0) {
4356 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4363 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4364 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4367 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4372 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4373 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4376 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4381 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4382 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4385 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4387 if (in->offset < 0) {
4388 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4395 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4400 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4401 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4402 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4403 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4404 Error *local_err = NULL;
4405 bool image_opts = false;
4407 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4408 const char *fmt = NULL;
4410 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4411 bool force_share = false;
4412 struct DdInfo dd = {
4417 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4429 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4430 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4431 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4432 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4433 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4434 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4437 const struct option long_options[] = {
4438 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4439 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4440 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4441 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4445 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4457 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4460 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4469 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4474 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4480 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4482 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4484 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4486 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4493 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4494 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4498 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4499 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4504 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4508 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4513 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4514 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4519 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4520 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4521 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
4526 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4534 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4536 error_report("Unknown file format");
4540 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4543 error_report_err(local_err);
4547 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4548 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4553 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4554 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4555 proto_drv->format_name);
4559 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4560 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4562 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4564 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4566 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4571 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4572 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4573 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4576 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4577 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4578 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4579 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4581 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4582 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4585 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4587 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4588 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4594 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4595 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4596 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4597 * support image-opts style.
4599 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4600 false, false, false);
4607 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4608 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4609 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4610 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4612 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4615 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4618 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4620 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4621 int in_ret, out_ret;
4623 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4624 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4626 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4629 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4636 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4639 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4640 strerror(-out_ret));
4649 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4650 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4653 g_free(in.filename);
4654 g_free(out.filename);
4664 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
4668 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
4670 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
4671 visit_complete(v, &obj);
4672 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
4673 assert(str != NULL);
4674 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
4680 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
4682 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4683 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4684 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4685 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4686 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
4687 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
4688 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4691 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4692 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
4694 const char *filename = NULL;
4695 const char *fmt = NULL;
4696 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4697 char *options = NULL;
4698 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
4699 bool force_share = false;
4700 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4701 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
4702 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
4703 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4704 bool image_opts = false;
4705 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
4706 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
4707 Error *local_err = NULL;
4711 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
4712 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4725 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
4726 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
4730 options = g_strdup(optarg);
4732 char *old_options = options;
4733 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
4734 g_free(old_options);
4738 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
4739 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
4742 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
4747 snapshot_name = optarg;
4754 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4760 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4764 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
4765 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
4766 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
4767 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4769 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
4778 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4780 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
4781 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
4783 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
4784 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
4785 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
4786 "petabytes and exabytes.");
4790 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
4796 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4797 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4798 NULL, &error_fatal)) {
4802 if (argc - optind > 1) {
4803 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
4805 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
4806 filename = argv[optind];
4810 (object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
4811 error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
4812 "require a filename argument.");
4815 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4816 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
4819 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
4820 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
4825 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
4826 false, false, force_share);
4832 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
4833 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
4834 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
4836 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
4837 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
4838 snapshot_name, &local_err);
4841 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
4846 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4848 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4851 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4852 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4857 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4858 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
4859 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4861 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
4863 error_report_err(local_err);
4864 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4868 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4869 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
4872 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
4874 error_report_err(local_err);
4878 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
4879 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
4880 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
4882 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
4888 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
4889 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
4890 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4891 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
4892 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4898 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4899 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4900 { option, callback },
4901 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4906 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4908 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4909 const char *cmdname;
4910 Error *local_error = NULL;
4911 char *trace_file = NULL;
4913 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4914 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4915 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4916 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4921 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4924 error_init(argv[0]);
4925 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4926 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4928 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4929 error_report_err(local_error);
4933 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4935 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4938 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4941 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4942 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4943 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4945 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4948 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4951 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4957 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4961 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4966 cmdname = argv[optind];
4968 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4974 qemu_reset_optind();
4976 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4979 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4980 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4982 /* find the command */
4983 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4984 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4985 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4990 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);