2 * Block driver for the QCOW format
4 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "qapi/error.h"
26 #include "qemu-common.h"
27 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
28 #include "block/block_int.h"
29 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
30 #include "qemu/module.h"
31 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
35 #include "crypto/block.h"
36 #include "migration/blocker.h"
37 #include "block/crypto.h"
39 /**************************************************************/
40 /* QEMU COW block driver with compression and encryption support */
42 #define QCOW_MAGIC (('Q' << 24) | ('F' << 16) | ('I' << 8) | 0xfb)
43 #define QCOW_VERSION 1
45 #define QCOW_CRYPT_NONE 0
46 #define QCOW_CRYPT_AES 1
48 #define QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED (1LL << 63)
50 typedef struct QCowHeader {
53 uint64_t backing_file_offset;
54 uint32_t backing_file_size;
56 uint64_t size; /* in bytes */
60 uint32_t crypt_method;
61 uint64_t l1_table_offset;
62 } QEMU_PACKED QCowHeader;
64 #define L2_CACHE_SIZE 16
66 typedef struct BDRVQcowState {
73 uint64_t cluster_offset_mask;
74 uint64_t l1_table_offset;
77 uint64_t l2_cache_offsets[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
78 uint32_t l2_cache_counts[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
79 uint8_t *cluster_cache;
80 uint8_t *cluster_data;
81 uint64_t cluster_cache_offset;
82 QCryptoBlock *crypto; /* Disk encryption format driver */
83 uint32_t crypt_method_header;
85 Error *migration_blocker;
88 static int decompress_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t cluster_offset);
90 static int qcow_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
92 const QCowHeader *cow_header = (const void *)buf;
94 if (buf_size >= sizeof(QCowHeader) &&
95 be32_to_cpu(cow_header->magic) == QCOW_MAGIC &&
96 be32_to_cpu(cow_header->version) == QCOW_VERSION)
102 static QemuOptsList qcow_runtime_opts = {
104 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qcow_runtime_opts.head),
106 BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_QCOW_KEY_SECRET("encrypt."),
107 { /* end of list */ }
111 static int qcow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
114 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
115 unsigned int len, i, shift;
118 Error *local_err = NULL;
119 QCryptoBlockOpenOptions *crypto_opts = NULL;
120 unsigned int cflags = 0;
121 QDict *encryptopts = NULL;
122 const char *encryptfmt;
124 qdict_extract_subqdict(options, &encryptopts, "encrypt.");
125 encryptfmt = qdict_get_try_str(encryptopts, "format");
127 bs->file = bdrv_open_child(NULL, options, "file", bs, &child_file,
134 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, 0, &header, sizeof(header));
138 be32_to_cpus(&header.magic);
139 be32_to_cpus(&header.version);
140 be64_to_cpus(&header.backing_file_offset);
141 be32_to_cpus(&header.backing_file_size);
142 be32_to_cpus(&header.mtime);
143 be64_to_cpus(&header.size);
144 be32_to_cpus(&header.crypt_method);
145 be64_to_cpus(&header.l1_table_offset);
147 if (header.magic != QCOW_MAGIC) {
148 error_setg(errp, "Image not in qcow format");
152 if (header.version != QCOW_VERSION) {
153 error_setg(errp, "Unsupported qcow version %" PRIu32, header.version);
158 if (header.size <= 1) {
159 error_setg(errp, "Image size is too small (must be at least 2 bytes)");
163 if (header.cluster_bits < 9 || header.cluster_bits > 16) {
164 error_setg(errp, "Cluster size must be between 512 and 64k");
169 /* l2_bits specifies number of entries; storing a uint64_t in each entry,
170 * so bytes = num_entries << 3. */
171 if (header.l2_bits < 9 - 3 || header.l2_bits > 16 - 3) {
172 error_setg(errp, "L2 table size must be between 512 and 64k");
177 s->crypt_method_header = header.crypt_method;
178 if (s->crypt_method_header) {
179 if (bdrv_uses_whitelist() &&
180 s->crypt_method_header == QCOW_CRYPT_AES) {
182 "Use of AES-CBC encrypted qcow images is no longer "
183 "supported in system emulators");
184 error_append_hint(errp,
185 "You can use 'qemu-img convert' to convert your "
186 "image to an alternative supported format, such "
187 "as unencrypted qcow, or raw with the LUKS "
188 "format instead.\n");
192 if (s->crypt_method_header == QCOW_CRYPT_AES) {
193 if (encryptfmt && !g_str_equal(encryptfmt, "aes")) {
195 "Header reported 'aes' encryption format but "
196 "options specify '%s'", encryptfmt);
200 qdict_del(encryptopts, "format");
201 crypto_opts = block_crypto_open_opts_init(
202 Q_CRYPTO_BLOCK_FORMAT_QCOW, encryptopts, errp);
208 if (flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO) {
209 cflags |= QCRYPTO_BLOCK_OPEN_NO_IO;
211 s->crypto = qcrypto_block_open(crypto_opts, "encrypt.",
212 NULL, NULL, cflags, errp);
218 error_setg(errp, "invalid encryption method in qcow header");
222 bs->encrypted = true;
225 error_setg(errp, "No encryption in image header, but options "
226 "specified format '%s'", encryptfmt);
231 s->cluster_bits = header.cluster_bits;
232 s->cluster_size = 1 << s->cluster_bits;
233 s->cluster_sectors = 1 << (s->cluster_bits - 9);
234 s->l2_bits = header.l2_bits;
235 s->l2_size = 1 << s->l2_bits;
236 bs->total_sectors = header.size / 512;
237 s->cluster_offset_mask = (1LL << (63 - s->cluster_bits)) - 1;
239 /* read the level 1 table */
240 shift = s->cluster_bits + s->l2_bits;
241 if (header.size > UINT64_MAX - (1LL << shift)) {
242 error_setg(errp, "Image too large");
246 uint64_t l1_size = (header.size + (1LL << shift) - 1) >> shift;
247 if (l1_size > INT_MAX / sizeof(uint64_t)) {
248 error_setg(errp, "Image too large");
252 s->l1_size = l1_size;
255 s->l1_table_offset = header.l1_table_offset;
256 s->l1_table = g_try_new(uint64_t, s->l1_size);
257 if (s->l1_table == NULL) {
258 error_setg(errp, "Could not allocate memory for L1 table");
263 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->l1_table_offset, s->l1_table,
264 s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
269 for(i = 0;i < s->l1_size; i++) {
270 be64_to_cpus(&s->l1_table[i]);
273 /* alloc L2 cache (max. 64k * 16 * 8 = 8 MB) */
275 qemu_try_blockalign(bs->file->bs,
276 s->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint64_t));
277 if (s->l2_cache == NULL) {
278 error_setg(errp, "Could not allocate L2 table cache");
282 s->cluster_cache = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
283 s->cluster_data = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
284 s->cluster_cache_offset = -1;
286 /* read the backing file name */
287 if (header.backing_file_offset != 0) {
288 len = header.backing_file_size;
289 if (len > 1023 || len >= sizeof(bs->backing_file)) {
290 error_setg(errp, "Backing file name too long");
294 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, header.backing_file_offset,
295 bs->backing_file, len);
299 bs->backing_file[len] = '\0';
302 /* Disable migration when qcow images are used */
303 error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The qcow format used by node '%s' "
304 "does not support live migration",
305 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
306 ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, &local_err);
308 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
309 error_free(s->migration_blocker);
313 QDECREF(encryptopts);
314 qapi_free_QCryptoBlockOpenOptions(crypto_opts);
315 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
320 qemu_vfree(s->l2_cache);
321 g_free(s->cluster_cache);
322 g_free(s->cluster_data);
323 qcrypto_block_free(s->crypto);
324 QDECREF(encryptopts);
325 qapi_free_QCryptoBlockOpenOptions(crypto_opts);
330 /* We have nothing to do for QCOW reopen, stubs just return
332 static int qcow_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state,
333 BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp)
343 * 1 to allocate a normal cluster (for sector indexes 'n_start' to
346 * 2 to allocate a compressed cluster of size
347 * 'compressed_size'. 'compressed_size' must be > 0 and <
350 * return 0 if not allocated, 1 if *result is assigned, and negative
353 static int get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs,
354 uint64_t offset, int allocate,
356 int n_start, int n_end, uint64_t *result)
358 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
359 int min_index, i, j, l1_index, l2_index, ret;
360 uint64_t l2_offset, *l2_table, cluster_offset, tmp;
365 l1_index = offset >> (s->l2_bits + s->cluster_bits);
366 l2_offset = s->l1_table[l1_index];
371 /* allocate a new l2 entry */
372 l2_offset = bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs);
373 /* round to cluster size */
374 l2_offset = (l2_offset + s->cluster_size - 1) & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
375 /* update the L1 entry */
376 s->l1_table[l1_index] = l2_offset;
377 tmp = cpu_to_be64(l2_offset);
378 ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file,
379 s->l1_table_offset + l1_index * sizeof(tmp),
386 for(i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
387 if (l2_offset == s->l2_cache_offsets[i]) {
388 /* increment the hit count */
389 if (++s->l2_cache_counts[i] == 0xffffffff) {
390 for(j = 0; j < L2_CACHE_SIZE; j++) {
391 s->l2_cache_counts[j] >>= 1;
394 l2_table = s->l2_cache + (i << s->l2_bits);
398 /* not found: load a new entry in the least used one */
400 min_count = 0xffffffff;
401 for(i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
402 if (s->l2_cache_counts[i] < min_count) {
403 min_count = s->l2_cache_counts[i];
407 l2_table = s->l2_cache + (min_index << s->l2_bits);
409 memset(l2_table, 0, s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
410 ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, l2_offset, l2_table,
411 s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
416 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, l2_offset, l2_table,
417 s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
422 s->l2_cache_offsets[min_index] = l2_offset;
423 s->l2_cache_counts[min_index] = 1;
425 l2_index = (offset >> s->cluster_bits) & (s->l2_size - 1);
426 cluster_offset = be64_to_cpu(l2_table[l2_index]);
427 if (!cluster_offset ||
428 ((cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) && allocate == 1)) {
431 /* allocate a new cluster */
432 if ((cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) &&
433 (n_end - n_start) < s->cluster_sectors) {
434 /* if the cluster is already compressed, we must
435 decompress it in the case it is not completely
437 if (decompress_cluster(bs, cluster_offset) < 0) {
440 cluster_offset = bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs);
441 cluster_offset = (cluster_offset + s->cluster_size - 1) &
442 ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
443 /* write the cluster content */
444 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, cluster_offset, s->cluster_cache,
450 cluster_offset = bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs);
452 /* round to cluster size */
453 cluster_offset = (cluster_offset + s->cluster_size - 1) &
454 ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
455 bdrv_truncate(bs->file, cluster_offset + s->cluster_size,
456 PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, NULL);
457 /* if encrypted, we must initialize the cluster
458 content which won't be written */
460 (n_end - n_start) < s->cluster_sectors) {
463 start_sect = (offset & ~(s->cluster_size - 1)) >> 9;
464 for(i = 0; i < s->cluster_sectors; i++) {
465 if (i < n_start || i >= n_end) {
466 memset(s->cluster_data, 0x00, 512);
467 if (qcrypto_block_encrypt(s->crypto, start_sect + i,
473 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file,
474 cluster_offset + i * 512,
475 s->cluster_data, 512);
482 } else if (allocate == 2) {
483 cluster_offset |= QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED |
484 (uint64_t)compressed_size << (63 - s->cluster_bits);
487 /* update L2 table */
488 tmp = cpu_to_be64(cluster_offset);
489 l2_table[l2_index] = tmp;
490 ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, l2_offset + l2_index * sizeof(tmp),
496 *result = cluster_offset;
500 static int64_t coroutine_fn qcow_co_get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
501 int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, int *pnum, BlockDriverState **file)
503 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
504 int index_in_cluster, n, ret;
505 uint64_t cluster_offset;
507 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
508 ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, &cluster_offset);
509 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
513 index_in_cluster = sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
514 n = s->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
518 if (!cluster_offset) {
521 if ((cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) || s->crypto) {
522 return BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
524 cluster_offset |= (index_in_cluster << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
525 *file = bs->file->bs;
526 return BDRV_BLOCK_DATA | BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID | cluster_offset;
529 static int decompress_buffer(uint8_t *out_buf, int out_buf_size,
530 const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size)
532 z_stream strm1, *strm = &strm1;
535 memset(strm, 0, sizeof(*strm));
537 strm->next_in = (uint8_t *)buf;
538 strm->avail_in = buf_size;
539 strm->next_out = out_buf;
540 strm->avail_out = out_buf_size;
542 ret = inflateInit2(strm, -12);
545 ret = inflate(strm, Z_FINISH);
546 out_len = strm->next_out - out_buf;
547 if ((ret != Z_STREAM_END && ret != Z_BUF_ERROR) ||
548 out_len != out_buf_size) {
556 static int decompress_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t cluster_offset)
558 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
562 coffset = cluster_offset & s->cluster_offset_mask;
563 if (s->cluster_cache_offset != coffset) {
564 csize = cluster_offset >> (63 - s->cluster_bits);
565 csize &= (s->cluster_size - 1);
566 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, coffset, s->cluster_data, csize);
569 if (decompress_buffer(s->cluster_cache, s->cluster_size,
570 s->cluster_data, csize) < 0) {
573 s->cluster_cache_offset = coffset;
578 static coroutine_fn int qcow_co_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
579 int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
581 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
582 int index_in_cluster;
584 uint64_t cluster_offset;
586 QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
590 if (qiov->niov > 1) {
591 buf = orig_buf = qemu_try_blockalign(bs, qiov->size);
597 buf = (uint8_t *)qiov->iov->iov_base;
600 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
602 while (nb_sectors != 0) {
603 /* prepare next request */
604 ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9,
605 0, 0, 0, 0, &cluster_offset);
609 index_in_cluster = sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
610 n = s->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
611 if (n > nb_sectors) {
615 if (!cluster_offset) {
617 /* read from the base image */
618 hd_iov.iov_base = (void *)buf;
619 hd_iov.iov_len = n * 512;
620 qemu_iovec_init_external(&hd_qiov, &hd_iov, 1);
621 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
622 ret = bdrv_co_readv(bs->backing, sector_num, n, &hd_qiov);
623 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
628 /* Note: in this case, no need to wait */
629 memset(buf, 0, 512 * n);
631 } else if (cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) {
632 /* add AIO support for compressed blocks ? */
633 if (decompress_cluster(bs, cluster_offset) < 0) {
638 s->cluster_cache + index_in_cluster * 512, 512 * n);
640 if ((cluster_offset & 511) != 0) {
644 hd_iov.iov_base = (void *)buf;
645 hd_iov.iov_len = n * 512;
646 qemu_iovec_init_external(&hd_qiov, &hd_iov, 1);
647 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
648 ret = bdrv_co_readv(bs->file,
649 (cluster_offset >> 9) + index_in_cluster,
651 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
657 if (qcrypto_block_decrypt(s->crypto, sector_num, buf,
658 n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, NULL) < 0) {
671 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
673 if (qiov->niov > 1) {
674 qemu_iovec_from_buf(qiov, 0, orig_buf, qiov->size);
675 qemu_vfree(orig_buf);
681 static coroutine_fn int qcow_co_writev(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
682 int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
684 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
685 int index_in_cluster;
686 uint64_t cluster_offset;
689 QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
693 s->cluster_cache_offset = -1; /* disable compressed cache */
695 /* We must always copy the iov when encrypting, so we
696 * don't modify the original data buffer during encryption */
697 if (bs->encrypted || qiov->niov > 1) {
698 buf = orig_buf = qemu_try_blockalign(bs, qiov->size);
702 qemu_iovec_to_buf(qiov, 0, buf, qiov->size);
705 buf = (uint8_t *)qiov->iov->iov_base;
708 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
710 while (nb_sectors != 0) {
712 index_in_cluster = sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
713 n = s->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
714 if (n > nb_sectors) {
717 ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9, 1, 0,
719 index_in_cluster + n, &cluster_offset);
723 if (!cluster_offset || (cluster_offset & 511) != 0) {
729 if (qcrypto_block_encrypt(s->crypto, sector_num, buf,
730 n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, NULL) < 0) {
736 hd_iov.iov_base = (void *)buf;
737 hd_iov.iov_len = n * 512;
738 qemu_iovec_init_external(&hd_qiov, &hd_iov, 1);
739 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
740 ret = bdrv_co_writev(bs->file,
741 (cluster_offset >> 9) + index_in_cluster,
743 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
753 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
755 qemu_vfree(orig_buf);
760 static void qcow_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
762 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
764 qcrypto_block_free(s->crypto);
767 qemu_vfree(s->l2_cache);
768 g_free(s->cluster_cache);
769 g_free(s->cluster_data);
771 migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
772 error_free(s->migration_blocker);
775 static int qcow_create(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
777 int header_size, backing_filename_len, l1_size, shift, i;
780 int64_t total_size = 0;
781 char *backing_file = NULL;
782 Error *local_err = NULL;
784 BlockBackend *qcow_blk;
785 char *encryptfmt = NULL;
787 QDict *encryptopts = NULL;
788 QCryptoBlockCreateOptions *crypto_opts = NULL;
789 QCryptoBlock *crypto = NULL;
791 /* Read out options */
792 total_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
794 if (total_size == 0) {
795 error_setg(errp, "Image size is too small, cannot be zero length");
800 backing_file = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
801 encryptfmt = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
803 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT)) {
804 error_setg(errp, "Options " BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT " and "
805 BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT " are mutually exclusive");
809 } else if (qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false)) {
810 encryptfmt = g_strdup("aes");
813 ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err);
815 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
819 qcow_blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, NULL,
820 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL,
822 if (qcow_blk == NULL) {
823 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
828 blk_set_allow_write_beyond_eof(qcow_blk, true);
830 ret = blk_truncate(qcow_blk, 0, PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, errp);
835 memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
836 header.magic = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_MAGIC);
837 header.version = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_VERSION);
838 header.size = cpu_to_be64(total_size);
839 header_size = sizeof(header);
840 backing_filename_len = 0;
842 if (strcmp(backing_file, "fat:")) {
843 header.backing_file_offset = cpu_to_be64(header_size);
844 backing_filename_len = strlen(backing_file);
845 header.backing_file_size = cpu_to_be32(backing_filename_len);
846 header_size += backing_filename_len;
848 /* special backing file for vvfat */
849 g_free(backing_file);
852 header.cluster_bits = 9; /* 512 byte cluster to avoid copying
853 unmodified sectors */
854 header.l2_bits = 12; /* 32 KB L2 tables */
856 header.cluster_bits = 12; /* 4 KB clusters */
857 header.l2_bits = 9; /* 4 KB L2 tables */
859 header_size = (header_size + 7) & ~7;
860 shift = header.cluster_bits + header.l2_bits;
861 l1_size = (total_size + (1LL << shift) - 1) >> shift;
863 header.l1_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(header_size);
865 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
866 qdict_extract_subqdict(options, &encryptopts, "encrypt.");
869 if (!g_str_equal(encryptfmt, "aes")) {
870 error_setg(errp, "Unknown encryption format '%s', expected 'aes'",
875 header.crypt_method = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_CRYPT_AES);
877 crypto_opts = block_crypto_create_opts_init(
878 Q_CRYPTO_BLOCK_FORMAT_QCOW, encryptopts, errp);
884 crypto = qcrypto_block_create(crypto_opts, "encrypt.",
885 NULL, NULL, NULL, errp);
891 header.crypt_method = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_CRYPT_NONE);
894 /* write all the data */
895 ret = blk_pwrite(qcow_blk, 0, &header, sizeof(header), 0);
896 if (ret != sizeof(header)) {
901 ret = blk_pwrite(qcow_blk, sizeof(header),
902 backing_file, backing_filename_len, 0);
903 if (ret != backing_filename_len) {
908 tmp = g_malloc0(BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
909 for (i = 0; i < DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(uint64_t) * l1_size, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
911 ret = blk_pwrite(qcow_blk, header_size + BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * i,
912 tmp, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, 0);
913 if (ret != BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
924 QDECREF(encryptopts);
926 qcrypto_block_free(crypto);
927 qapi_free_QCryptoBlockCreateOptions(crypto_opts);
928 g_free(backing_file);
932 static int qcow_make_empty(BlockDriverState *bs)
934 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
935 uint32_t l1_length = s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
938 memset(s->l1_table, 0, l1_length);
939 if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, s->l1_table_offset, s->l1_table,
942 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs->file, s->l1_table_offset + l1_length,
943 PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, NULL);
947 memset(s->l2_cache, 0, s->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint64_t));
948 memset(s->l2_cache_offsets, 0, L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint64_t));
949 memset(s->l2_cache_counts, 0, L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint32_t));
954 /* XXX: put compressed sectors first, then all the cluster aligned
955 tables to avoid losing bytes in alignment */
956 static coroutine_fn int
957 qcow_co_pwritev_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
958 uint64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
960 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
961 QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
965 uint8_t *buf, *out_buf;
966 uint64_t cluster_offset;
968 buf = qemu_blockalign(bs, s->cluster_size);
969 if (bytes != s->cluster_size) {
970 if (bytes > s->cluster_size ||
971 offset + bytes != bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)
976 /* Zero-pad last write if image size is not cluster aligned */
977 memset(buf + bytes, 0, s->cluster_size - bytes);
979 qemu_iovec_to_buf(qiov, 0, buf, qiov->size);
981 out_buf = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
983 /* best compression, small window, no zlib header */
984 memset(&strm, 0, sizeof(strm));
985 ret = deflateInit2(&strm, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION,
987 9, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
993 strm.avail_in = s->cluster_size;
994 strm.next_in = (uint8_t *)buf;
995 strm.avail_out = s->cluster_size;
996 strm.next_out = out_buf;
998 ret = deflate(&strm, Z_FINISH);
999 if (ret != Z_STREAM_END && ret != Z_OK) {
1004 out_len = strm.next_out - out_buf;
1008 if (ret != Z_STREAM_END || out_len >= s->cluster_size) {
1009 /* could not compress: write normal cluster */
1010 ret = qcow_co_writev(bs, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1011 bytes >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, qiov);
1017 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1018 ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, offset, 2, out_len, 0, 0, &cluster_offset);
1019 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1023 if (cluster_offset == 0) {
1027 cluster_offset &= s->cluster_offset_mask;
1029 iov = (struct iovec) {
1030 .iov_base = out_buf,
1033 qemu_iovec_init_external(&hd_qiov, &iov, 1);
1034 ret = bdrv_co_pwritev(bs->file, cluster_offset, out_len, &hd_qiov, 0);
1046 static int qcow_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
1048 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
1049 bdi->cluster_size = s->cluster_size;
1053 static QemuOptsList qcow_create_opts = {
1054 .name = "qcow-create-opts",
1055 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qcow_create_opts.head),
1058 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
1059 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
1060 .help = "Virtual disk size"
1063 .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE,
1064 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1065 .help = "File name of a base image"
1068 .name = BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT,
1069 .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1070 .help = "Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated "
1071 "in favor of " BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT "=aes)",
1074 .name = BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT,
1075 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1076 .help = "Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes'",
1078 BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_DEF_QCOW_KEY_SECRET("encrypt."),
1079 { /* end of list */ }
1083 static BlockDriver bdrv_qcow = {
1084 .format_name = "qcow",
1085 .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVQcowState),
1086 .bdrv_probe = qcow_probe,
1087 .bdrv_open = qcow_open,
1088 .bdrv_close = qcow_close,
1089 .bdrv_child_perm = bdrv_format_default_perms,
1090 .bdrv_reopen_prepare = qcow_reopen_prepare,
1091 .bdrv_create = qcow_create,
1092 .bdrv_has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init_1,
1093 .supports_backing = true,
1095 .bdrv_co_readv = qcow_co_readv,
1096 .bdrv_co_writev = qcow_co_writev,
1097 .bdrv_co_get_block_status = qcow_co_get_block_status,
1099 .bdrv_make_empty = qcow_make_empty,
1100 .bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed = qcow_co_pwritev_compressed,
1101 .bdrv_get_info = qcow_get_info,
1103 .create_opts = &qcow_create_opts,
1106 static void bdrv_qcow_init(void)
1108 bdrv_register(&bdrv_qcow);
1111 block_init(bdrv_qcow_init);