2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-version.h"
29 #include "qapi/error.h"
30 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
31 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
32 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
35 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
36 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
37 #include "qemu/option.h"
38 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
40 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
42 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
43 #include "block/block_int.h"
44 #include "block/blockjob.h"
45 #include "block/qapi.h"
46 #include "crypto/init.h"
47 #include "trace/control.h"
49 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
50 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
52 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
54 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
59 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
61 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
63 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
64 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
65 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
67 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
71 typedef enum OutputFormat {
76 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
77 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
79 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
84 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
88 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
91 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
94 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
98 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
100 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
103 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
105 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
108 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
109 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
111 const char *help_msg =
113 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
114 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
116 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
117 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
118 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
119 " specify tracing options\n"
122 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
124 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
127 "Command parameters:\n"
128 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
129 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
130 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
131 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
132 " encryption keys.\n"
133 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
134 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
135 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
136 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
137 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
138 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
139 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
140 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
141 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
142 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
143 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
144 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
145 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
146 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
148 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
149 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
151 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
153 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
154 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
155 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
156 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
157 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
158 " to open the backing file.\n"
159 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
160 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
161 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
162 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
163 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
164 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
165 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
167 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
168 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
169 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
171 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
172 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
173 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
174 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
175 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
177 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
178 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
179 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
180 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
182 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
183 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
184 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
185 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
186 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
187 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
189 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
190 " '-f' first image format\n"
191 " '-F' second image format\n"
192 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
194 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
195 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
197 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
198 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
199 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
200 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
202 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
203 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
204 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
208 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
210 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
211 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
217 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
219 .implied_opt_name = "file",
220 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
226 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
232 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
239 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
241 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
242 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
243 Error *local_err = NULL;
245 /* Find driver and parse its options */
246 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
248 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
252 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
254 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
256 error_report_err(local_err);
257 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
260 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
263 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
264 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
269 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
270 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
271 bool quiet, bool force_share)
274 Error *local_err = NULL;
276 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
278 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
279 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
280 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
281 qobject_unref(options);
284 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
286 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
288 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
291 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
296 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
298 const char *fmt, int flags,
299 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
303 Error *local_err = NULL;
306 options = qdict_new();
309 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
313 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
315 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
317 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
320 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
326 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
327 const char *name, const char *value,
330 QDict *options = opaque;
332 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
333 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
339 static BlockBackend *img_open_new_file(const char *filename,
340 QemuOpts *create_opts,
341 const char *fmt, int flags,
342 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
345 QDict *options = NULL;
347 options = qdict_new();
348 qemu_opt_foreach(create_opts, img_add_key_secrets, options, &error_abort);
350 return img_open_file(filename, options, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
355 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
356 const char *filename,
357 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
358 bool quiet, bool force_share)
364 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
367 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
372 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
375 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
382 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
383 const char *base_filename,
384 const char *base_fmt)
389 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
391 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
398 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
400 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
409 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
414 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
418 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
424 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
427 uint64_t img_size = -1;
428 const char *fmt = "raw";
429 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
430 const char *filename;
431 const char *base_filename = NULL;
432 char *options = NULL;
433 Error *local_err = NULL;
438 static const struct option long_options[] = {
439 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
440 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
443 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
450 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
453 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
462 base_filename = optarg;
468 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
469 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
473 options = g_strdup(optarg);
475 char *old_options = options;
476 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
484 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
486 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
488 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
497 /* Get the filename */
498 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
499 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
501 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
504 if (optind >= argc) {
505 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
509 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
510 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
515 /* Get image size, if specified */
519 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
521 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
522 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
524 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
525 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
526 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
527 "petabytes and exabytes.");
531 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
533 if (optind != argc) {
534 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
537 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
538 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
540 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
552 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
556 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
558 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
559 visit_complete(v, &obj);
560 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
562 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
568 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
570 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
571 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
573 if (check->corruptions) {
574 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
575 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
582 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
583 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
587 if (check->check_errors) {
590 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
591 check->check_errors);
595 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
596 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
597 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
598 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
599 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
600 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
601 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
602 check->allocated_clusters);
605 if (check->image_end_offset) {
607 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
611 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
613 const char *filename,
618 BdrvCheckResult result;
620 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
625 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
626 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
627 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
628 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
629 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
630 check->leaks = result.leaks;
631 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
632 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
633 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
634 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
635 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
636 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
637 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
638 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
639 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
640 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
641 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
642 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
643 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
644 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
645 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
651 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
653 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
654 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
655 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
656 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
657 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
659 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
662 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
663 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
665 BlockDriverState *bs;
667 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
671 bool image_opts = false;
672 bool force_share = false;
676 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
679 int option_index = 0;
680 static const struct option long_options[] = {
681 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
682 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
683 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
684 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
685 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
686 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
687 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
690 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
691 long_options, &option_index);
697 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
700 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
709 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
711 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
712 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
713 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
714 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
716 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
717 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
732 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
734 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
740 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
745 if (optind != argc - 1) {
746 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
748 filename = argv[optind++];
750 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
751 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
752 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
753 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
755 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
759 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
760 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
765 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
767 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
771 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
778 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
779 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
781 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
782 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
787 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
788 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
790 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
791 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
793 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
795 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
796 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
797 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
798 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
800 check->corruptions_fixed);
803 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
805 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
806 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
810 switch (output_format) {
812 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
815 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
820 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
822 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
824 error_report("Check failed");
830 if (check->corruptions) {
832 } else if (check->leaks) {
839 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
844 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
845 BlockDriverState *bs;
847 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
849 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
851 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
854 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
858 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
860 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
863 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
866 float progress = 0.0f;
867 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
868 if (job->job.progress_total) {
869 progress = (float)job->job.progress_current /
870 job->job.progress_total * 100.f;
872 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
873 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
875 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
876 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
880 job_unref(&job->job);
881 aio_context_release(aio_context);
883 /* publish completion progress only when success */
885 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
889 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
892 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
894 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
896 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
898 Error *local_err = NULL;
899 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
900 bool image_opts = false;
901 AioContext *aio_context;
904 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
907 static const struct option long_options[] = {
908 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
909 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
910 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
913 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
920 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
923 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
948 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
950 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
956 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
962 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
967 if (optind != argc - 1) {
968 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
970 filename = argv[optind++];
972 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
973 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
978 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
979 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
981 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
985 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
992 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
993 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
996 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
998 error_setg(&local_err,
999 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1004 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1005 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1006 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1007 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1009 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1014 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1019 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1020 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1021 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1022 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1023 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1024 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1029 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1030 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1031 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1032 * counter here preemptively. */
1037 job = block_job_get("commit");
1038 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1043 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1044 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1046 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1058 qemu_progress_end();
1063 error_report_err(local_err);
1067 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1072 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1073 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1074 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1077 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1080 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1082 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1083 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1087 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1094 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1097 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1098 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1100 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
1109 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1110 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1112 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1121 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1122 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1123 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1125 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1129 int num_checked, num_used;
1135 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1141 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1143 num_checked = num_used;
1146 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1148 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1150 num_checked += *pnum;
1152 num_used = num_checked;
1153 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1163 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1164 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1166 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1167 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1169 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1170 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1173 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1177 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1179 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1181 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1191 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1194 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1196 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1197 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1198 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1201 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1202 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1203 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1204 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1205 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1206 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1208 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1209 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1210 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1215 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1217 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1218 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1221 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1223 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1232 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1234 * 0 - Images are identical
1236 * >1 - Error occurred
1238 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1240 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1241 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1242 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1243 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1244 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1245 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1246 int allocated1, allocated2;
1247 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1248 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1255 uint64_t progress_base;
1256 bool image_opts = false;
1257 bool force_share = false;
1259 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1261 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1262 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1263 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1264 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1265 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1268 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1269 long_options, NULL);
1275 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1278 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1304 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1306 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1313 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1319 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1325 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1326 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1328 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1329 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1331 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1332 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1338 /* Initialize before goto out */
1339 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1342 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1344 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1349 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1356 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1365 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1366 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1367 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1368 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1369 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1370 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1374 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1375 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1376 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1377 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1381 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1382 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1384 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1386 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1388 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1392 while (offset < total_size) {
1393 int status1, status2;
1395 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1396 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1400 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1403 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1405 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1406 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1410 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1413 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1415 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1416 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1419 if (status1 != status2) {
1421 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1422 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1426 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1428 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1432 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1433 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1435 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1437 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1441 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1443 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1445 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1449 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1450 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1451 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1452 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1458 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1460 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1461 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1463 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1464 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1471 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1474 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1475 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1476 const char *filename_over;
1478 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1479 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1481 filename_over = filename1;
1484 filename_over = filename2;
1487 while (offset < progress_base) {
1488 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1489 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1493 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1498 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1499 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1500 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1501 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1507 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1511 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1521 qemu_progress_end();
1526 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1532 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1534 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1536 int64_t *src_sectors;
1538 int64_t total_sectors;
1539 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1540 int64_t allocated_done;
1543 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1544 int64_t sector_next_status;
1545 BlockBackend *target;
1548 bool target_has_backing;
1551 size_t cluster_sectors;
1553 long num_coroutines;
1554 int running_coroutines;
1555 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1556 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1561 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1562 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1565 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1566 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1567 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1569 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1573 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1575 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1576 int ret, n, src_cur;
1578 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1580 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1581 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1583 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1584 int64_t count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1586 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1588 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1589 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1591 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1593 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1594 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1596 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1601 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1603 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1604 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1605 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1606 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1608 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1611 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1614 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1615 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1616 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1619 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1620 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1621 * cluster allocated. */
1622 if (s->compressed) {
1623 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1624 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1625 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1627 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1634 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1635 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1641 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1642 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1645 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1647 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1648 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1649 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1650 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1651 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1652 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1654 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1656 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1657 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1659 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1660 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1661 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1668 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1675 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1676 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1677 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1683 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1685 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1688 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1689 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1690 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1691 * visible at the respective offset. */
1692 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1696 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1697 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1698 * it as zero sectors.
1699 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1700 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1702 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1704 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse)) ||
1706 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1709 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1710 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1712 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1713 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
1722 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1723 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1726 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1727 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1728 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1737 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1743 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1745 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1746 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1750 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1751 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1758 s->running_coroutines++;
1759 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1764 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1766 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1767 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1768 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1771 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1773 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1777 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1778 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1780 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1781 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1783 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1784 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1786 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1788 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1789 s->allocated_done += n;
1790 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1791 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1794 if (status == BLK_DATA) {
1795 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1797 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1798 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1801 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1803 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1806 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1807 /* keep writes in order */
1808 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1809 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1810 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1812 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1815 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1816 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1818 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1819 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1824 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1825 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1826 * for this write to complete */
1827 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1828 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1829 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1831 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1832 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1833 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1835 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1843 s->co[index] = NULL;
1844 s->running_coroutines--;
1845 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1846 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1851 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1854 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1856 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1857 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1858 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1861 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1862 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1864 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1866 s->has_zero_init = true;
1870 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1871 * can be copied at a time. */
1872 if (s->compressed) {
1873 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1874 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1877 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1880 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1881 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1885 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1887 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1893 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1894 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1896 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1897 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1898 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1899 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1900 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1903 while (s->running_coroutines) {
1904 main_loop_wait(false);
1907 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1908 /* signal EOF to align */
1909 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1918 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1920 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
1921 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
1922 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
1923 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1924 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
1925 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1926 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
1927 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
1928 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1929 char *options = NULL;
1930 Error *local_err = NULL;
1931 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
1932 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
1933 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
1934 bool force_share = false;
1936 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
1937 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1939 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1940 .wr_in_order = true,
1941 .num_coroutines = 8,
1945 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1946 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1947 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1948 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1949 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1950 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
1953 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:co:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
1954 long_options, NULL);
1960 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1963 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1975 out_baseimg = optarg;
1978 s.compressed = true;
1981 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1982 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1986 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1988 char *old_options = options;
1989 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1990 g_free(old_options);
1994 snapshot_name = optarg;
1997 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1998 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2001 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2006 snapshot_name = optarg;
2013 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2015 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
2019 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2038 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2039 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2040 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2041 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2046 s.wr_in_order = false;
2051 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2052 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2053 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2060 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2063 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2064 tgt_image_opts = true;
2069 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2073 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2074 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2079 if (!s.wr_in_order && s.compressed) {
2080 error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
2084 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2085 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2089 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2090 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2092 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2094 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2097 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2102 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2103 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2108 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2109 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2111 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2115 /* Initialize before goto out */
2119 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2120 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2122 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2123 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2125 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2126 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2127 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
2133 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2134 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2135 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2136 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2140 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2144 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2145 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2146 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2148 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2149 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2150 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2155 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2159 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2165 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2166 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2168 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2173 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2175 error_report_err(local_err);
2180 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2181 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2187 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2188 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2189 proto_drv->format_name);
2194 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2195 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2197 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2199 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2201 error_report_err(local_err);
2207 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2209 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2215 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2216 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2217 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2218 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2220 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2222 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2223 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2224 "concatenating multiple input images");
2229 /* Check if compression is supported */
2232 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2233 const char *encryptfmt =
2234 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2235 const char *preallocation =
2236 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2238 if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2239 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2244 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2245 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2252 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2254 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2262 /* Create the new image */
2263 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2265 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2266 out_filename, out_fmt);
2271 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2272 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2274 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2279 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2280 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2282 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2283 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2284 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2285 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2287 s.target = img_open_new_file(out_filename, opts, out_fmt,
2288 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2294 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2296 if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2297 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2302 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2303 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2305 s.buf_sectors = MIN(32768,
2307 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2308 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2309 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2312 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2313 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2314 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2315 strerror(-output_sectors));
2318 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2319 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2325 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2328 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2332 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2333 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2336 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2339 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2341 qemu_progress_end();
2342 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2343 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2344 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2345 blk_unref(s.target);
2347 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2348 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2352 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2360 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2362 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2365 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2368 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2369 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2371 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2373 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2379 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2383 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2385 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2386 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2387 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2388 assert(str != NULL);
2389 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2395 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2399 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2401 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2402 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2403 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2404 assert(str != NULL);
2405 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2411 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2413 ImageInfoList *elem;
2416 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2422 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2426 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2428 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2432 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2434 * @filename: topmost image filename
2435 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2436 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2437 * false - only topmost image file
2439 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2440 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2443 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2444 const char *filename,
2446 bool chain, bool force_share)
2448 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2449 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2450 GHashTable *filenames;
2453 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2457 BlockDriverState *bs;
2459 ImageInfoList *elem;
2461 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2462 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2466 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2468 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2469 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2476 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2478 error_report_err(err);
2483 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2490 filename = fmt = NULL;
2492 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2493 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2494 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2495 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2496 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2497 info->backing_filename);
2500 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2501 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2505 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2509 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2510 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2514 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2517 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2519 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2520 ImageInfoList *list;
2521 bool image_opts = false;
2522 bool force_share = false;
2527 int option_index = 0;
2528 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2529 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2530 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2531 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2532 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2533 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2534 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2535 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2538 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2539 long_options, &option_index);
2545 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2548 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2562 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2565 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2567 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2573 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2578 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2579 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2581 filename = argv[optind++];
2583 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2584 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2585 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2586 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2587 } else if (output) {
2588 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2592 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2593 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2598 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2604 switch (output_format) {
2606 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2610 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2612 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2617 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2621 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2624 switch (output_format) {
2626 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2627 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2630 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2631 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2632 e->start, e->length,
2633 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2634 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2636 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2637 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2639 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2645 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2646 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2647 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2648 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2649 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2650 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2651 if (e->has_offset) {
2652 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2663 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2664 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
2668 BlockDriverState *file;
2672 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2673 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2679 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
2684 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2687 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2696 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2701 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2702 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2704 .has_offset = has_offset,
2706 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2707 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2713 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2715 if (curr->length == 0) {
2718 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2719 curr->data != next->data ||
2720 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2721 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2722 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2725 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2728 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2734 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2737 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2739 BlockDriverState *bs;
2740 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2742 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2744 bool image_opts = false;
2745 bool force_share = false;
2750 int option_index = 0;
2751 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2752 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2753 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2754 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2755 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2756 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2757 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2760 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2761 long_options, &option_index);
2767 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2770 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2784 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2786 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2792 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2797 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2798 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2800 filename = argv[optind];
2802 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2803 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2804 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2805 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2806 } else if (output) {
2807 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2811 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2812 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2817 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
2823 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2824 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2827 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2828 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2829 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
2832 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2833 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(MIN(1 << 30, length - offset), BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2834 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
2837 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2841 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2842 curr.length += next.length;
2846 if (curr.length > 0) {
2847 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2852 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2859 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2860 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2861 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2862 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2864 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2867 BlockDriverState *bs;
2868 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2869 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2870 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2875 bool image_opts = false;
2876 bool force_share = false;
2878 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2879 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2881 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2882 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2883 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2884 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2885 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2888 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
2889 long_options, NULL);
2895 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2898 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2905 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2908 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2909 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2913 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2916 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2917 snapshot_name = optarg;
2921 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2924 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2925 snapshot_name = optarg;
2929 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2932 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2933 snapshot_name = optarg;
2941 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2943 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2949 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2955 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2956 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2958 filename = argv[optind++];
2960 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2961 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2966 /* Open the image */
2967 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
2974 /* Perform the requested action */
2980 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2981 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2982 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2984 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2985 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2986 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2988 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2990 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2991 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2995 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2996 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2998 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3003 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3004 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3006 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3021 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3023 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3024 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3025 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3026 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3028 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3029 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3030 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3032 bool force_share = false;
3035 Error *local_err = NULL;
3036 bool image_opts = false;
3038 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3040 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3041 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3045 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3046 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3047 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3048 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3049 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3052 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3053 long_options, NULL);
3059 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3062 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3071 out_basefmt = optarg;
3074 out_baseimg = optarg;
3091 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3093 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3099 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3112 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3113 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3115 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3116 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3118 filename = argv[optind++];
3120 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3121 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3126 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3127 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3129 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3130 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3132 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3137 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3139 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3143 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3144 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3145 (void) src_writethrough;
3150 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3151 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3153 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3161 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3162 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3163 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3169 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3171 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3172 QDict *options = NULL;
3174 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3175 options = qdict_new();
3176 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
3181 options = qdict_new();
3183 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3185 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3186 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3187 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3188 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3189 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3190 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3196 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3197 options = qdict_new();
3199 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3202 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3205 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
3206 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3207 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3208 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3209 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3218 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3219 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3220 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3221 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3223 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3224 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3228 int64_t old_backing_size;
3229 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3232 float local_progress = 0;
3234 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3235 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3237 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3239 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3240 filename, strerror(-size));
3244 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3245 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3246 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3248 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3249 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3250 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3254 if (blk_new_backing) {
3255 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3256 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3257 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3258 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3265 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3268 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3269 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3270 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3272 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3273 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3275 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3284 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3285 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3287 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3288 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3290 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3291 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3294 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3296 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3301 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3302 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3304 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3305 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3308 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3310 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3315 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3316 uint64_t written = 0;
3318 while (written < n) {
3321 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3322 n - written, &pnum))
3324 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3325 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3327 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3335 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3340 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3341 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3342 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3344 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3345 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3347 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3350 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3351 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3352 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3353 } else if (ret < 0) {
3354 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3355 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3358 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3360 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3361 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3362 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3363 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3366 qemu_progress_end();
3369 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3370 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3372 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3373 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3382 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3385 int c, ret, relative;
3386 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3387 int64_t n, total_size, current_size, new_size;
3389 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3390 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3393 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3394 .name = "resize_options",
3395 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3398 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3399 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3400 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3406 bool image_opts = false;
3407 bool shrink = false;
3409 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3410 * as options by getopt. */
3412 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3416 size = argv[--argc];
3418 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3421 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3422 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3423 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3424 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3425 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3426 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3429 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3430 long_options, NULL);
3436 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3439 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3450 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3452 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3458 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3461 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3462 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3463 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3464 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3465 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3474 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3475 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3477 filename = argv[optind++];
3479 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3480 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3485 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3501 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3502 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3504 error_report_err(err);
3506 qemu_opts_del(param);
3509 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3510 qemu_opts_del(param);
3512 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3513 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3520 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3521 if (current_size < 0) {
3522 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3523 strerror(-current_size));
3529 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3533 if (total_size <= 0) {
3534 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3539 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3540 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
3545 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
3546 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
3547 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
3548 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
3550 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
3552 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
3556 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
3557 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
3558 "shrink images without this option.");
3562 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, prealloc, &err);
3564 error_report_err(err);
3568 new_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3570 error_report("Failed to verify truncated image length: %s",
3571 strerror(-new_size));
3576 /* Some block drivers implement a truncation method, but only so
3577 * the user can cause qemu to refresh the image's size from disk.
3578 * The idea is that the user resizes the image outside of qemu and
3579 * then invokes block_resize to inform qemu about it.
3580 * (This includes iscsi and file-posix for device files.)
3581 * Of course, that is not the behavior someone invoking
3582 * qemu-img resize would find useful, so we catch that behavior
3583 * here and tell the user. */
3584 if (new_size != total_size && new_size == current_size) {
3585 error_report("Image was not resized; resizing may not be supported "
3591 if (new_size != total_size) {
3592 warn_report("Image should have been resized to %" PRIi64
3593 " bytes, but was resized to %" PRIi64 " bytes",
3594 total_size, new_size);
3597 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3607 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3608 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3611 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3614 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3618 char *options = NULL;
3619 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3620 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3621 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3624 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3625 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3626 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3627 bool image_opts = false;
3629 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3631 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3632 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3633 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3634 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3637 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3638 long_options, NULL);
3645 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3648 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3654 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3655 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3657 goto out_no_progress;
3660 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3662 char *old_options = options;
3663 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3664 g_free(old_options);
3680 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3684 goto out_no_progress;
3687 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3694 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3697 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3698 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3701 goto out_no_progress;
3707 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3709 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3710 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3711 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3712 * given), print option help here */
3713 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3717 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3718 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3723 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3724 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3726 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3730 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3738 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3740 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3741 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3742 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3746 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3747 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3753 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3754 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3755 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3757 error_report_err(err);
3762 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3763 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3764 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3765 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3767 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3772 qemu_progress_end();
3776 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3777 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3786 typedef struct BenchData {
3788 uint64_t image_size;
3795 bool drain_on_flush;
3804 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3807 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3812 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3814 BenchData *b = opaque;
3818 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3823 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3824 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3825 b->in_flush = false;
3826 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3827 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3832 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3833 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3834 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3835 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3837 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3841 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3844 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3846 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3850 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3856 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3857 int64_t offset = b->offset;
3858 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
3859 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
3860 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
3863 b->offset += b->step;
3864 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3866 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3868 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3871 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3877 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3880 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3882 bool image_opts = false;
3883 bool is_write = false;
3887 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3890 int flush_interval = 0;
3891 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3893 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3894 BenchData data = {};
3896 bool writethrough = false;
3897 struct timeval t1, t2;
3899 bool force_share = false;
3903 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3904 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3905 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3906 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3907 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3908 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3909 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3912 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
3919 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3922 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3931 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3932 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3942 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3943 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3953 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3957 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
3959 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3972 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3973 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3974 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3985 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3986 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3987 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3995 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3997 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4003 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4009 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4013 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4014 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4020 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4024 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4025 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4028 flush_interval = res;
4031 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4032 drain_on_flush = false;
4034 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4040 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4041 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4043 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4045 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4046 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4050 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4051 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4056 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4063 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4064 if (image_size < 0) {
4069 data = (BenchData) {
4071 .image_size = image_size,
4073 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4078 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4079 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4081 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4082 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4083 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4084 data.offset, data.step);
4085 if (flush_interval) {
4086 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4089 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4090 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4091 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4093 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4095 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4096 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4097 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4098 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4099 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4102 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4105 while (data.n > 0) {
4106 main_loop_wait(false);
4108 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4110 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4111 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4112 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4116 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4118 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4139 int bsz; /* Block size */
4147 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4151 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4152 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4159 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4160 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4163 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4168 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4169 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4172 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4174 if (dd->count < 0) {
4175 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4182 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4183 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4186 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4191 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4192 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4195 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4200 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4201 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4204 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4206 if (in->offset < 0) {
4207 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4214 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4219 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4220 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4221 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4222 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4223 Error *local_err = NULL;
4224 bool image_opts = false;
4226 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4227 const char *fmt = NULL;
4229 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4230 bool force_share = false;
4231 struct DdInfo dd = {
4236 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4248 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4249 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4250 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4251 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4252 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4253 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4256 const struct option long_options[] = {
4257 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4258 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4259 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4260 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4264 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4276 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4279 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4288 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4293 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4299 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4301 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4303 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4305 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4312 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4313 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4317 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4318 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4323 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4327 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4332 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4333 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4338 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4339 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4345 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4353 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4355 error_report("Unknown file format");
4359 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4362 error_report_err(local_err);
4366 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4367 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4372 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4373 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4374 proto_drv->format_name);
4378 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4379 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4381 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4383 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4385 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4390 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4391 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4392 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4395 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4396 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4397 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4398 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4400 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4401 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4404 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4406 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4407 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4413 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4414 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4415 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4416 * support image-opts style.
4418 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4419 false, false, false);
4426 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4427 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4428 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4429 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4431 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4434 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4437 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4439 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4440 int in_ret, out_ret;
4442 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4443 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4445 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4448 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4455 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4458 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4459 strerror(-out_ret));
4468 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4469 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4472 g_free(in.filename);
4473 g_free(out.filename);
4483 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
4487 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
4489 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
4490 visit_complete(v, &obj);
4491 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
4492 assert(str != NULL);
4493 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
4499 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
4501 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4502 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4503 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4504 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4505 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
4506 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
4507 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4510 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4511 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
4513 const char *filename = NULL;
4514 const char *fmt = NULL;
4515 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4516 char *options = NULL;
4517 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
4518 bool force_share = false;
4519 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4520 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
4521 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
4522 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4523 bool image_opts = false;
4524 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
4525 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
4526 Error *local_err = NULL;
4530 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
4531 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4544 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
4545 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
4549 options = g_strdup(optarg);
4551 char *old_options = options;
4552 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
4553 g_free(old_options);
4557 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
4558 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
4561 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
4566 snapshot_name = optarg;
4573 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4579 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4583 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
4584 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
4585 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
4586 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4588 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
4597 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4599 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
4600 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
4602 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
4603 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
4604 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
4605 "petabytes and exabytes.");
4609 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
4615 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4616 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4621 if (argc - optind > 1) {
4622 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
4624 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
4625 filename = argv[optind];
4629 (object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
4630 error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
4631 "require a filename argument.");
4634 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4635 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
4638 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
4639 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
4644 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
4645 false, false, force_share);
4651 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
4652 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
4653 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
4655 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
4656 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
4657 snapshot_name, &local_err);
4660 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
4665 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4667 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4670 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4671 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4676 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4677 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
4678 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4680 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
4682 error_report_err(local_err);
4683 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4687 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4688 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
4691 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
4693 error_report_err(local_err);
4697 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
4698 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
4699 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
4701 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
4707 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
4708 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
4709 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4710 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
4711 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4717 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4718 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4719 { option, callback },
4720 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4725 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4727 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4728 const char *cmdname;
4729 Error *local_error = NULL;
4730 char *trace_file = NULL;
4732 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4733 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4734 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4735 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4740 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4743 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4744 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
4745 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4747 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4748 error_report_err(local_error);
4752 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4754 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4757 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4760 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4761 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4762 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4764 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4767 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4770 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4776 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4780 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4785 cmdname = argv[optind];
4787 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4795 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4798 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4799 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4801 /* find the command */
4802 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4803 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4804 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4809 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);