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[qemu.git] / scripts / analyze-migration.py
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 #
3 #  Migration Stream Analyzer
4 #
5 #  Copyright (c) 2015 Alexander Graf <[email protected]>
6 #
7 # This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 # modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 # License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 # version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 #
12 # This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
15 # Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 #
17 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 # License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19
20 from __future__ import print_function
21 import numpy as np
22 import json
23 import os
24 import argparse
25 import collections
26 import pprint
27
28 def mkdir_p(path):
29     try:
30         os.makedirs(path)
31     except OSError:
32         pass
33
34 class MigrationFile(object):
35     def __init__(self, filename):
36         self.filename = filename
37         self.file = open(self.filename, "rb")
38
39     def read64(self):
40         return np.asscalar(np.fromfile(self.file, count=1, dtype='>i8')[0])
41
42     def read32(self):
43         return np.asscalar(np.fromfile(self.file, count=1, dtype='>i4')[0])
44
45     def read16(self):
46         return np.asscalar(np.fromfile(self.file, count=1, dtype='>i2')[0])
47
48     def read8(self):
49         return np.asscalar(np.fromfile(self.file, count=1, dtype='>i1')[0])
50
51     def readstr(self, len = None):
52         if len is None:
53             len = self.read8()
54         if len == 0:
55             return ""
56         return np.fromfile(self.file, count=1, dtype=('S%d' % len))[0]
57
58     def readvar(self, size = None):
59         if size is None:
60             size = self.read8()
61         if size == 0:
62             return ""
63         value = self.file.read(size)
64         if len(value) != size:
65             raise Exception("Unexpected end of %s at 0x%x" % (self.filename, self.file.tell()))
66         return value
67
68     def tell(self):
69         return self.file.tell()
70
71     # The VMSD description is at the end of the file, after EOF. Look for
72     # the last NULL byte, then for the beginning brace of JSON.
73     def read_migration_debug_json(self):
74         QEMU_VM_VMDESCRIPTION = 0x06
75
76         # Remember the offset in the file when we started
77         entrypos = self.file.tell()
78
79         # Read the last 10MB
80         self.file.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
81         endpos = self.file.tell()
82         self.file.seek(max(-endpos, -10 * 1024 * 1024), os.SEEK_END)
83         datapos = self.file.tell()
84         data = self.file.read()
85         # The full file read closed the file as well, reopen it
86         self.file = open(self.filename, "rb")
87
88         # Find the last NULL byte, then the first brace after that. This should
89         # be the beginning of our JSON data.
90         nulpos = data.rfind("\0")
91         jsonpos = data.find("{", nulpos)
92
93         # Check backwards from there and see whether we guessed right
94         self.file.seek(datapos + jsonpos - 5, 0)
95         if self.read8() != QEMU_VM_VMDESCRIPTION:
96             raise Exception("No Debug Migration device found")
97
98         jsonlen = self.read32()
99
100         # Seek back to where we were at the beginning
101         self.file.seek(entrypos, 0)
102
103         return data[jsonpos:jsonpos + jsonlen]
104
105     def close(self):
106         self.file.close()
107
108 class RamSection(object):
109     RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS = 0x02
110     RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MEM_SIZE = 0x04
111     RAM_SAVE_FLAG_PAGE     = 0x08
112     RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS      = 0x10
113     RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE = 0x20
114     RAM_SAVE_FLAG_XBZRLE   = 0x40
115     RAM_SAVE_FLAG_HOOK     = 0x80
116
117     def __init__(self, file, version_id, ramargs, section_key):
118         if version_id != 4:
119             raise Exception("Unknown RAM version %d" % version_id)
120
121         self.file = file
122         self.section_key = section_key
123         self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE = ramargs['page_size']
124         self.dump_memory = ramargs['dump_memory']
125         self.write_memory = ramargs['write_memory']
126         self.sizeinfo = collections.OrderedDict()
127         self.data = collections.OrderedDict()
128         self.data['section sizes'] = self.sizeinfo
129         self.name = ''
130         if self.write_memory:
131             self.files = { }
132         if self.dump_memory:
133             self.memory = collections.OrderedDict()
134             self.data['memory'] = self.memory
135
136     def __repr__(self):
137         return self.data.__repr__()
138
139     def __str__(self):
140         return self.data.__str__()
141
142     def getDict(self):
143         return self.data
144
145     def read(self):
146         # Read all RAM sections
147         while True:
148             addr = self.file.read64()
149             flags = addr & (self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE - 1)
150             addr &= ~(self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE - 1)
151
152             if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MEM_SIZE:
153                 while True:
154                     namelen = self.file.read8()
155                     # We assume that no RAM chunk is big enough to ever
156                     # hit the first byte of the address, so when we see
157                     # a zero here we know it has to be an address, not the
158                     # length of the next block.
159                     if namelen == 0:
160                         self.file.file.seek(-1, 1)
161                         break
162                     self.name = self.file.readstr(len = namelen)
163                     len = self.file.read64()
164                     self.sizeinfo[self.name] = '0x%016x' % len
165                     if self.write_memory:
166                         print(self.name)
167                         mkdir_p('./' + os.path.dirname(self.name))
168                         f = open('./' + self.name, "wb")
169                         f.truncate(0)
170                         f.truncate(len)
171                         self.files[self.name] = f
172                 flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MEM_SIZE
173
174             if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS:
175                 if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE:
176                     flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE
177                 else:
178                     self.name = self.file.readstr()
179                 fill_char = self.file.read8()
180                 # The page in question is filled with fill_char now
181                 if self.write_memory and fill_char != 0:
182                     self.files[self.name].seek(addr, os.SEEK_SET)
183                     self.files[self.name].write(chr(fill_char) * self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE)
184                 if self.dump_memory:
185                     self.memory['%s (0x%016x)' % (self.name, addr)] = 'Filled with 0x%02x' % fill_char
186                 flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS
187             elif flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_PAGE:
188                 if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE:
189                     flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE
190                 else:
191                     self.name = self.file.readstr()
192
193                 if self.write_memory or self.dump_memory:
194                     data = self.file.readvar(size = self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE)
195                 else: # Just skip RAM data
196                     self.file.file.seek(self.TARGET_PAGE_SIZE, 1)
197
198                 if self.write_memory:
199                     self.files[self.name].seek(addr, os.SEEK_SET)
200                     self.files[self.name].write(data)
201                 if self.dump_memory:
202                     hexdata = " ".join("{0:02x}".format(ord(c)) for c in data)
203                     self.memory['%s (0x%016x)' % (self.name, addr)] = hexdata
204
205                 flags &= ~self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_PAGE
206             elif flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_XBZRLE:
207                 raise Exception("XBZRLE RAM compression is not supported yet")
208             elif flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_HOOK:
209                 raise Exception("RAM hooks don't make sense with files")
210
211             # End of RAM section
212             if flags & self.RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS:
213                 break
214
215             if flags != 0:
216                 raise Exception("Unknown RAM flags: %x" % flags)
217
218     def __del__(self):
219         if self.write_memory:
220             for key in self.files:
221                 self.files[key].close()
222
223
224 class HTABSection(object):
225     HASH_PTE_SIZE_64       = 16
226
227     def __init__(self, file, version_id, device, section_key):
228         if version_id != 1:
229             raise Exception("Unknown HTAB version %d" % version_id)
230
231         self.file = file
232         self.section_key = section_key
233
234     def read(self):
235
236         header = self.file.read32()
237
238         if (header == -1):
239             # "no HPT" encoding
240             return
241
242         if (header > 0):
243             # First section, just the hash shift
244             return
245
246         # Read until end marker
247         while True:
248             index = self.file.read32()
249             n_valid = self.file.read16()
250             n_invalid = self.file.read16()
251
252             if index == 0 and n_valid == 0 and n_invalid == 0:
253                 break
254
255             self.file.readvar(n_valid * self.HASH_PTE_SIZE_64)
256
257     def getDict(self):
258         return ""
259
260
261 class ConfigurationSection(object):
262     def __init__(self, file):
263         self.file = file
264
265     def read(self):
266         name_len = self.file.read32()
267         name = self.file.readstr(len = name_len)
268
269 class VMSDFieldGeneric(object):
270     def __init__(self, desc, file):
271         self.file = file
272         self.desc = desc
273         self.data = ""
274
275     def __repr__(self):
276         return str(self.__str__())
277
278     def __str__(self):
279         return " ".join("{0:02x}".format(ord(c)) for c in self.data)
280
281     def getDict(self):
282         return self.__str__()
283
284     def read(self):
285         size = int(self.desc['size'])
286         self.data = self.file.readvar(size)
287         return self.data
288
289 class VMSDFieldInt(VMSDFieldGeneric):
290     def __init__(self, desc, file):
291         super(VMSDFieldInt, self).__init__(desc, file)
292         self.size = int(desc['size'])
293         self.format = '0x%%0%dx' % (self.size * 2)
294         self.sdtype = '>i%d' % self.size
295         self.udtype = '>u%d' % self.size
296
297     def __repr__(self):
298         if self.data < 0:
299             return ('%s (%d)' % ((self.format % self.udata), self.data))
300         else:
301             return self.format % self.data
302
303     def __str__(self):
304         return self.__repr__()
305
306     def getDict(self):
307         return self.__str__()
308
309     def read(self):
310         super(VMSDFieldInt, self).read()
311         self.sdata = np.fromstring(self.data, count=1, dtype=(self.sdtype))[0]
312         self.udata = np.fromstring(self.data, count=1, dtype=(self.udtype))[0]
313         self.data = self.sdata
314         return self.data
315
316 class VMSDFieldUInt(VMSDFieldInt):
317     def __init__(self, desc, file):
318         super(VMSDFieldUInt, self).__init__(desc, file)
319
320     def read(self):
321         super(VMSDFieldUInt, self).read()
322         self.data = self.udata
323         return self.data
324
325 class VMSDFieldIntLE(VMSDFieldInt):
326     def __init__(self, desc, file):
327         super(VMSDFieldIntLE, self).__init__(desc, file)
328         self.dtype = '<i%d' % self.size
329
330 class VMSDFieldBool(VMSDFieldGeneric):
331     def __init__(self, desc, file):
332         super(VMSDFieldBool, self).__init__(desc, file)
333
334     def __repr__(self):
335         return self.data.__repr__()
336
337     def __str__(self):
338         return self.data.__str__()
339
340     def getDict(self):
341         return self.data
342
343     def read(self):
344         super(VMSDFieldBool, self).read()
345         if self.data[0] == 0:
346             self.data = False
347         else:
348             self.data = True
349         return self.data
350
351 class VMSDFieldStruct(VMSDFieldGeneric):
352     QEMU_VM_SUBSECTION    = 0x05
353
354     def __init__(self, desc, file):
355         super(VMSDFieldStruct, self).__init__(desc, file)
356         self.data = collections.OrderedDict()
357
358         # When we see compressed array elements, unfold them here
359         new_fields = []
360         for field in self.desc['struct']['fields']:
361             if not 'array_len' in field:
362                 new_fields.append(field)
363                 continue
364             array_len = field.pop('array_len')
365             field['index'] = 0
366             new_fields.append(field)
367             for i in xrange(1, array_len):
368                 c = field.copy()
369                 c['index'] = i
370                 new_fields.append(c)
371
372         self.desc['struct']['fields'] = new_fields
373
374     def __repr__(self):
375         return self.data.__repr__()
376
377     def __str__(self):
378         return self.data.__str__()
379
380     def read(self):
381         for field in self.desc['struct']['fields']:
382             try:
383                 reader = vmsd_field_readers[field['type']]
384             except:
385                 reader = VMSDFieldGeneric
386
387             field['data'] = reader(field, self.file)
388             field['data'].read()
389
390             if 'index' in field:
391                 if field['name'] not in self.data:
392                     self.data[field['name']] = []
393                 a = self.data[field['name']]
394                 if len(a) != int(field['index']):
395                     raise Exception("internal index of data field unmatched (%d/%d)" % (len(a), int(field['index'])))
396                 a.append(field['data'])
397             else:
398                 self.data[field['name']] = field['data']
399
400         if 'subsections' in self.desc['struct']:
401             for subsection in self.desc['struct']['subsections']:
402                 if self.file.read8() != self.QEMU_VM_SUBSECTION:
403                     raise Exception("Subsection %s not found at offset %x" % ( subsection['vmsd_name'], self.file.tell()))
404                 name = self.file.readstr()
405                 version_id = self.file.read32()
406                 self.data[name] = VMSDSection(self.file, version_id, subsection, (name, 0))
407                 self.data[name].read()
408
409     def getDictItem(self, value):
410        # Strings would fall into the array category, treat
411        # them specially
412        if value.__class__ is ''.__class__:
413            return value
414
415        try:
416            return self.getDictOrderedDict(value)
417        except:
418            try:
419                return self.getDictArray(value)
420            except:
421                try:
422                    return value.getDict()
423                except:
424                    return value
425
426     def getDictArray(self, array):
427         r = []
428         for value in array:
429            r.append(self.getDictItem(value))
430         return r
431
432     def getDictOrderedDict(self, dict):
433         r = collections.OrderedDict()
434         for (key, value) in dict.items():
435             r[key] = self.getDictItem(value)
436         return r
437
438     def getDict(self):
439         return self.getDictOrderedDict(self.data)
440
441 vmsd_field_readers = {
442     "bool" : VMSDFieldBool,
443     "int8" : VMSDFieldInt,
444     "int16" : VMSDFieldInt,
445     "int32" : VMSDFieldInt,
446     "int32 equal" : VMSDFieldInt,
447     "int32 le" : VMSDFieldIntLE,
448     "int64" : VMSDFieldInt,
449     "uint8" : VMSDFieldUInt,
450     "uint16" : VMSDFieldUInt,
451     "uint32" : VMSDFieldUInt,
452     "uint32 equal" : VMSDFieldUInt,
453     "uint64" : VMSDFieldUInt,
454     "int64 equal" : VMSDFieldInt,
455     "uint8 equal" : VMSDFieldInt,
456     "uint16 equal" : VMSDFieldInt,
457     "float64" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
458     "timer" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
459     "buffer" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
460     "unused_buffer" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
461     "bitmap" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
462     "struct" : VMSDFieldStruct,
463     "unknown" : VMSDFieldGeneric,
464 }
465
466 class VMSDSection(VMSDFieldStruct):
467     def __init__(self, file, version_id, device, section_key):
468         self.file = file
469         self.data = ""
470         self.vmsd_name = ""
471         self.section_key = section_key
472         desc = device
473         if 'vmsd_name' in device:
474             self.vmsd_name = device['vmsd_name']
475
476         # A section really is nothing but a FieldStruct :)
477         super(VMSDSection, self).__init__({ 'struct' : desc }, file)
478
479 ###############################################################################
480
481 class MigrationDump(object):
482     QEMU_VM_FILE_MAGIC    = 0x5145564d
483     QEMU_VM_FILE_VERSION  = 0x00000003
484     QEMU_VM_EOF           = 0x00
485     QEMU_VM_SECTION_START = 0x01
486     QEMU_VM_SECTION_PART  = 0x02
487     QEMU_VM_SECTION_END   = 0x03
488     QEMU_VM_SECTION_FULL  = 0x04
489     QEMU_VM_SUBSECTION    = 0x05
490     QEMU_VM_VMDESCRIPTION = 0x06
491     QEMU_VM_CONFIGURATION = 0x07
492     QEMU_VM_SECTION_FOOTER= 0x7e
493
494     def __init__(self, filename):
495         self.section_classes = { ( 'ram', 0 ) : [ RamSection, None ],
496                                  ( 'spapr/htab', 0) : ( HTABSection, None ) }
497         self.filename = filename
498         self.vmsd_desc = None
499
500     def read(self, desc_only = False, dump_memory = False, write_memory = False):
501         # Read in the whole file
502         file = MigrationFile(self.filename)
503
504         # File magic
505         data = file.read32()
506         if data != self.QEMU_VM_FILE_MAGIC:
507             raise Exception("Invalid file magic %x" % data)
508
509         # Version (has to be v3)
510         data = file.read32()
511         if data != self.QEMU_VM_FILE_VERSION:
512             raise Exception("Invalid version number %d" % data)
513
514         self.load_vmsd_json(file)
515
516         # Read sections
517         self.sections = collections.OrderedDict()
518
519         if desc_only:
520             return
521
522         ramargs = {}
523         ramargs['page_size'] = self.vmsd_desc['page_size']
524         ramargs['dump_memory'] = dump_memory
525         ramargs['write_memory'] = write_memory
526         self.section_classes[('ram',0)][1] = ramargs
527
528         while True:
529             section_type = file.read8()
530             if section_type == self.QEMU_VM_EOF:
531                 break
532             elif section_type == self.QEMU_VM_CONFIGURATION:
533                 section = ConfigurationSection(file)
534                 section.read()
535             elif section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_START or section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_FULL:
536                 section_id = file.read32()
537                 name = file.readstr()
538                 instance_id = file.read32()
539                 version_id = file.read32()
540                 section_key = (name, instance_id)
541                 classdesc = self.section_classes[section_key]
542                 section = classdesc[0](file, version_id, classdesc[1], section_key)
543                 self.sections[section_id] = section
544                 section.read()
545             elif section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_PART or section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_END:
546                 section_id = file.read32()
547                 self.sections[section_id].read()
548             elif section_type == self.QEMU_VM_SECTION_FOOTER:
549                 read_section_id = file.read32()
550                 if read_section_id != section_id:
551                     raise Exception("Mismatched section footer: %x vs %x" % (read_section_id, section_id))
552             else:
553                 raise Exception("Unknown section type: %d" % section_type)
554         file.close()
555
556     def load_vmsd_json(self, file):
557         vmsd_json = file.read_migration_debug_json()
558         self.vmsd_desc = json.loads(vmsd_json, object_pairs_hook=collections.OrderedDict)
559         for device in self.vmsd_desc['devices']:
560             key = (device['name'], device['instance_id'])
561             value = ( VMSDSection, device )
562             self.section_classes[key] = value
563
564     def getDict(self):
565         r = collections.OrderedDict()
566         for (key, value) in self.sections.items():
567            key = "%s (%d)" % ( value.section_key[0], key )
568            r[key] = value.getDict()
569         return r
570
571 ###############################################################################
572
573 class JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
574     def default(self, o):
575         if isinstance(o, VMSDFieldGeneric):
576             return str(o)
577         return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
578
579 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
580 parser.add_argument("-f", "--file", help='migration dump to read from', required=True)
581 parser.add_argument("-m", "--memory", help='dump RAM contents as well', action='store_true')
582 parser.add_argument("-d", "--dump", help='what to dump ("state" or "desc")', default='state')
583 parser.add_argument("-x", "--extract", help='extract contents into individual files', action='store_true')
584 args = parser.parse_args()
585
586 jsonenc = JSONEncoder(indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))
587
588 if args.extract:
589     dump = MigrationDump(args.file)
590
591     dump.read(desc_only = True)
592     print("desc.json")
593     f = open("desc.json", "wb")
594     f.truncate()
595     f.write(jsonenc.encode(dump.vmsd_desc))
596     f.close()
597
598     dump.read(write_memory = True)
599     dict = dump.getDict()
600     print("state.json")
601     f = open("state.json", "wb")
602     f.truncate()
603     f.write(jsonenc.encode(dict))
604     f.close()
605 elif args.dump == "state":
606     dump = MigrationDump(args.file)
607     dump.read(dump_memory = args.memory)
608     dict = dump.getDict()
609     print(jsonenc.encode(dict))
610 elif args.dump == "desc":
611     dump = MigrationDump(args.file)
612     dump.read(desc_only = True)
613     print(jsonenc.encode(dump.vmsd_desc))
614 else:
615     raise Exception("Please specify either -x, -d state or -d dump")
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