2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-common.h"
29 #include "qemu-version.h"
30 #include "qapi/error.h"
31 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
32 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
37 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
38 #include "qemu/option.h"
39 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
41 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
42 #include "qemu/module.h"
43 #include "qemu/units.h"
44 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
45 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
46 #include "block/block_int.h"
47 #include "block/blockjob.h"
48 #include "block/qapi.h"
49 #include "crypto/init.h"
50 #include "trace/control.h"
52 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
53 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
55 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
57 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
62 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
64 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
66 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
67 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
68 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
70 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
75 typedef enum OutputFormat {
80 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
81 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
83 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
88 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
93 error_vreport(fmt, ap);
96 error_printf("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
100 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
102 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
105 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
107 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
110 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
111 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
113 const char *help_msg =
115 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
116 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
118 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
119 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
120 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
121 " specify tracing options\n"
124 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
126 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
129 "Command parameters:\n"
130 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
131 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
132 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
133 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
134 " encryption keys.\n"
135 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
136 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
137 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
138 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
139 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
140 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
141 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
142 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
143 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
144 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
145 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
146 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
147 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
148 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
150 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
151 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
153 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
154 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
155 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
156 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
157 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
158 " to open the backing file.\n"
159 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
160 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
161 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
162 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
163 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
164 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
165 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
167 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
168 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
169 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
171 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
172 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
173 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
174 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
175 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
177 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
178 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
179 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
180 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
182 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
183 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
184 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
185 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
186 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
187 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
189 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
190 " '-f' first image format\n"
191 " '-F' second image format\n"
192 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
194 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
195 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
197 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
198 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
199 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
200 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
202 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
203 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL, false);
204 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
208 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
210 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
211 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
217 static bool qemu_img_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
219 if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
225 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
227 .implied_opt_name = "file",
228 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
234 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
240 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
247 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
249 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
250 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
251 Error *local_err = NULL;
253 /* Find driver and parse its options */
254 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
256 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
260 if (!drv->create_opts) {
261 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
265 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
267 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
269 error_report_err(local_err);
270 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
273 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
274 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
275 proto_drv->format_name);
276 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
279 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
283 printf("Supported options:\n");
285 printf("Supported %s options:\n", fmt);
287 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts, false);
288 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
292 "The protocol level may support further options.\n"
293 "Specify the target filename to include those options.\n");
300 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
301 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
302 bool quiet, bool force_share)
305 Error *local_err = NULL;
307 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
309 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
310 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
311 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
312 qobject_unref(options);
315 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
317 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
319 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
322 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
327 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
329 const char *fmt, int flags,
330 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
334 Error *local_err = NULL;
337 options = qdict_new();
340 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
344 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
346 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
348 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
351 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
357 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
358 const char *name, const char *value,
361 QDict *options = opaque;
363 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
364 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
371 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
372 const char *filename,
373 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
374 bool quiet, bool force_share)
380 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
383 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
388 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
391 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
398 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
399 const char *base_filename,
400 const char *base_fmt)
405 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
407 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
414 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
416 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
425 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
430 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
434 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
440 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
443 uint64_t img_size = -1;
444 const char *fmt = "raw";
445 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
446 const char *filename;
447 const char *base_filename = NULL;
448 char *options = NULL;
449 Error *local_err = NULL;
454 static const struct option long_options[] = {
455 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
456 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
459 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
466 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
469 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
478 base_filename = optarg;
484 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
485 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
489 options = g_strdup(optarg);
491 char *old_options = options;
492 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
500 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
502 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
504 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
513 /* Get the filename */
514 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
515 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
517 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
520 if (optind >= argc) {
521 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
525 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
526 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
527 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
531 /* Get image size, if specified */
535 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
537 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
538 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
540 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
541 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
542 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
543 "petabytes and exabytes.");
547 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
549 if (optind != argc) {
550 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
553 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
554 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
556 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
568 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
572 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
574 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
575 visit_complete(v, &obj);
576 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
578 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
584 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
586 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
587 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
589 if (check->corruptions) {
590 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
591 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
598 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
599 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
603 if (check->check_errors) {
606 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
607 check->check_errors);
611 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
612 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
613 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
614 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
615 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
616 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
617 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
618 check->allocated_clusters);
621 if (check->image_end_offset) {
623 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
627 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
629 const char *filename,
634 BdrvCheckResult result;
636 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
641 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
642 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
643 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
644 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
645 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
646 check->leaks = result.leaks;
647 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
648 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
649 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
650 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
651 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
652 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
653 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
654 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
655 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
656 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
657 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
658 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
659 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
660 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
661 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
667 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
669 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
670 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
671 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
672 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
673 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
675 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
678 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
679 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
681 BlockDriverState *bs;
683 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
687 bool image_opts = false;
688 bool force_share = false;
692 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
695 int option_index = 0;
696 static const struct option long_options[] = {
697 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
698 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
699 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
700 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
701 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
702 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
703 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
706 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
707 long_options, &option_index);
713 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
716 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
725 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
727 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
728 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
729 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
730 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
732 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
733 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
748 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
750 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
756 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
761 if (optind != argc - 1) {
762 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
764 filename = argv[optind++];
766 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
767 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
768 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
769 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
771 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
775 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
776 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
777 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
781 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
783 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
787 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
794 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
795 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
797 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
798 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
803 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
804 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
806 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
807 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
809 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
811 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
812 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
813 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
814 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
816 check->corruptions_fixed);
819 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
821 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
822 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
826 switch (output_format) {
828 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
831 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
836 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
838 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
840 error_report("Check failed");
846 if (check->corruptions) {
848 } else if (check->leaks) {
855 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
860 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
861 BlockDriverState *bs;
863 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
865 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
867 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
870 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
874 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
876 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
879 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
882 float progress = 0.0f;
883 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
884 if (job->job.progress_total) {
885 progress = (float)job->job.progress_current /
886 job->job.progress_total * 100.f;
888 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
889 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
891 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
892 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
896 job_unref(&job->job);
897 aio_context_release(aio_context);
899 /* publish completion progress only when success */
901 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
905 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
908 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
910 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
912 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
914 Error *local_err = NULL;
915 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
916 bool image_opts = false;
917 AioContext *aio_context;
920 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
923 static const struct option long_options[] = {
924 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
925 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
926 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
929 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
936 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
939 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
964 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
966 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
972 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
978 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
983 if (optind != argc - 1) {
984 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
986 filename = argv[optind++];
988 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
989 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
990 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
994 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
995 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
997 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1001 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1008 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1009 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1012 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1014 error_setg(&local_err,
1015 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1020 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1021 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1022 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1023 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1025 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1030 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1035 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1036 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1037 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1038 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1039 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1040 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1045 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1046 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1047 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1048 * counter here preemptively. */
1053 job = block_job_get("commit");
1055 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1060 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1061 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1063 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1075 qemu_progress_end();
1080 error_report_err(local_err);
1084 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1089 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1090 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1091 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1094 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1097 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1099 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1100 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1104 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1111 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1114 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1115 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1116 * The function will try to align the end offset to alignment boundaries so
1117 * that the request will at least end aligned and consequtive requests will
1118 * also start at an aligned offset.
1120 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1121 int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1130 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1131 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1133 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1138 tail = (sector_num + i) & (alignment - 1);
1140 if (is_zero && i <= tail) {
1141 /* treat unallocated areas which only consist
1142 * of a small tail as allocated. */
1146 /* align up end offset of allocated areas. */
1147 i += alignment - tail;
1150 /* align down end offset of zero areas. */
1159 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1160 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1161 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1163 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1164 int min, int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1167 int num_checked, num_used;
1173 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1179 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1181 sector_num += *pnum;
1182 num_checked = num_used;
1185 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1187 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1189 sector_num += *pnum;
1190 num_checked += *pnum;
1192 num_used = num_checked;
1193 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1203 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1204 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1206 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1207 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1209 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1210 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1213 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1217 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1219 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1221 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1231 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * MiB)
1234 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1236 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1237 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1238 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1241 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1242 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1243 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1244 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1245 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1246 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1248 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1249 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1250 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1255 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1257 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1258 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1261 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1263 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1272 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1274 * 0 - Images are identical
1276 * >1 - Error occurred
1278 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1280 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1281 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1282 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1283 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1284 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1285 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1286 int allocated1, allocated2;
1287 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1288 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1295 uint64_t progress_base;
1296 bool image_opts = false;
1297 bool force_share = false;
1299 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1301 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1302 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1303 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1304 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1305 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1308 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1309 long_options, NULL);
1315 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1318 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1344 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1346 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1353 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1359 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1365 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1366 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1368 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1369 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1371 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1372 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1373 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1378 /* Initialize before goto out */
1379 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1382 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1384 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1389 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1396 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1405 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1406 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1407 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1408 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1409 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1410 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1414 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1415 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1416 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1417 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1421 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1422 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1424 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1426 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1428 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1432 while (offset < total_size) {
1433 int status1, status2;
1435 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1436 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1440 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1443 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1445 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1446 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1450 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1453 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1455 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1456 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1459 if (status1 != status2) {
1461 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1462 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1466 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1468 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1472 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1473 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1475 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1477 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1481 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1483 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1485 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1489 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1490 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1491 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1492 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1498 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1500 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1501 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1503 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1504 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1511 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1514 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1515 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1516 const char *filename_over;
1518 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1519 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1521 filename_over = filename1;
1524 filename_over = filename2;
1527 while (offset < progress_base) {
1528 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1529 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1533 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1538 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1539 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1540 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1541 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1547 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1551 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1561 qemu_progress_end();
1566 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1572 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1574 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1576 int64_t *src_sectors;
1578 int64_t total_sectors;
1579 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1580 int64_t allocated_done;
1583 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1584 int64_t sector_next_status;
1585 BlockBackend *target;
1588 bool unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1590 bool target_has_backing;
1591 int64_t target_backing_sectors; /* negative if unknown */
1598 size_t cluster_sectors;
1600 long num_coroutines;
1601 int running_coroutines;
1602 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1603 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1608 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1609 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1612 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1613 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1614 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1616 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1620 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1622 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1623 int ret, n, src_cur;
1624 bool post_backing_zero = false;
1626 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1628 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1629 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1631 if (s->target_backing_sectors >= 0) {
1632 if (sector_num >= s->target_backing_sectors) {
1633 post_backing_zero = s->unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1634 } else if (sector_num + n > s->target_backing_sectors) {
1635 /* Split requests around target_backing_sectors (because
1636 * starting from there, zeros are handled differently) */
1637 n = s->target_backing_sectors - sector_num;
1641 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1642 uint64_t offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1646 count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1648 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1649 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), offset,
1650 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1652 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1653 offset, count, &count, NULL,
1661 warn_report("error while reading block status at "
1662 "offset %" PRIu64 ": %s", offset,
1665 /* Just try to read the data, then */
1666 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1667 count = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1669 /* Retry on a shorter range */
1670 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(n, 4);
1673 error_report("error while reading block status at offset "
1674 "%" PRIu64 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1680 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1682 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1683 s->status = post_backing_zero ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_ZERO;
1684 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1685 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1687 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1690 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1693 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1694 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1695 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1698 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1699 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1700 * cluster allocated. */
1701 if (s->compressed) {
1702 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1703 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1704 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1706 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1713 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1714 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1716 uint64_t single_read_until = 0;
1719 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1720 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1723 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1726 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1727 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1728 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1729 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1730 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1731 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1733 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1735 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1736 if (single_read_until > offset) {
1740 ret = blk_co_pread(blk, offset, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, 0);
1744 single_read_until = offset + (n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1748 warn_report("error while reading offset %" PRIu64
1749 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1751 memset(buf, 0, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1760 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1767 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1768 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1769 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1773 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1775 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1778 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1779 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1780 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1781 * visible at the respective offset. */
1782 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1786 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1787 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1788 * it as zero sectors.
1789 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1790 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1792 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1794 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse,
1795 sector_num, s->alignment)) ||
1797 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1799 ret = blk_co_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1800 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, flags);
1809 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1810 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1813 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1814 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1815 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1816 BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1825 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1831 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1836 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1839 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1842 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1843 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1844 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1845 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1847 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1849 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1850 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1851 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0, 0);
1862 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1864 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1865 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1869 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1870 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1877 s->running_coroutines++;
1878 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1883 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1886 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1887 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1888 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1891 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1893 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1897 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1898 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1900 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1901 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1903 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1904 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1906 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1908 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1909 s->allocated_done += n;
1910 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1911 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1915 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
1916 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
1917 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1919 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1920 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1923 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1925 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1928 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1929 /* keep writes in order */
1930 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1931 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1932 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1934 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1937 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1939 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
1941 s->copy_range = false;
1945 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1948 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1949 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1954 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1955 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1956 * for this write to complete */
1957 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1958 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1959 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1961 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1962 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1963 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1965 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1973 s->co[index] = NULL;
1974 s->running_coroutines--;
1975 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1976 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1981 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1984 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1986 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1987 if (s->target_is_new && s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing) {
1988 s->has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target));
1990 s->has_zero_init = false;
1993 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1994 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1996 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP | BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK);
1998 s->has_zero_init = true;
2002 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
2003 * can be copied at a time. */
2004 if (s->compressed) {
2005 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
2006 error_report("invalid cluster size");
2009 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
2012 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
2013 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
2017 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
2019 s->allocated_sectors += n;
2025 s->sector_next_status = 0;
2026 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
2028 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
2029 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2030 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
2031 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
2032 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2035 while (s->running_coroutines) {
2036 main_loop_wait(false);
2039 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
2040 /* signal EOF to align */
2041 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
2050 #define MAX_BUF_SECTORS 32768
2052 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
2054 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
2055 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
2056 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
2057 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2058 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
2059 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
2060 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
2061 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
2062 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2063 QDict *open_opts = NULL;
2064 char *options = NULL;
2065 Error *local_err = NULL;
2066 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, image_opts = false,
2067 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
2068 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
2069 bool force_share = false;
2070 bool explict_min_sparse = false;
2072 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
2073 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
2075 .copy_range = false,
2076 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2077 .wr_in_order = true,
2078 .num_coroutines = 8,
2082 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2083 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2084 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2085 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2086 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2087 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2088 {"salvage", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SALVAGE},
2091 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:Cco:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
2092 long_options, NULL);
2098 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2101 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2113 out_baseimg = optarg;
2116 s.copy_range = true;
2119 s.compressed = true;
2122 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2123 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2127 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2129 char *old_options = options;
2130 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2131 g_free(old_options);
2135 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2136 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2139 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2144 snapshot_name = optarg;
2151 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2152 if (sval < 0 || !QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(sval, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) ||
2153 sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE > MAX_BUF_SECTORS) {
2154 error_report("Invalid buffer size for sparse output specified. "
2155 "Valid sizes are multiples of %llu up to %llu. Select "
2156 "0 to disable sparse detection (fully allocates output).",
2157 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SECTORS * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2161 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2162 explict_min_sparse = true;
2181 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2182 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2183 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2184 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2189 s.wr_in_order = false;
2194 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2195 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2196 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2203 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2206 case OPTION_SALVAGE:
2209 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2210 tgt_image_opts = true;
2215 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2219 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2220 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2221 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2225 if (s.compressed && s.copy_range) {
2226 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used");
2230 if (explict_min_sparse && s.copy_range) {
2231 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used");
2235 if (s.copy_range && s.salvage) {
2236 error_report("Cannot use copy offloading in salvaging mode");
2240 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2241 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2245 if (skip_create && options) {
2246 warn_report("-o has no effect when skipping image creation");
2247 warn_report("This will become an error in future QEMU versions.");
2250 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2251 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2253 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2255 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2258 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2263 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2264 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2269 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2270 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2272 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2276 /* Initialize before goto out */
2280 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2281 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2283 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2284 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2286 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2287 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2288 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, s.quiet,
2294 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2295 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2296 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2297 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2301 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2305 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2306 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2307 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2309 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2310 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2311 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2316 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2320 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2326 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2327 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2329 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2334 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2336 error_report_err(local_err);
2341 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2342 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2348 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2349 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2350 proto_drv->format_name);
2355 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2356 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2358 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2360 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2362 error_report_err(local_err);
2368 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2370 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2376 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2377 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2378 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2379 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2381 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2383 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2384 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2385 "concatenating multiple input images");
2390 /* Check if compression is supported */
2393 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2394 const char *encryptfmt =
2395 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2396 const char *preallocation =
2397 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2399 if (drv && !block_driver_can_compress(drv)) {
2400 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2405 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2406 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2413 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2415 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2423 * The later open call will need any decryption secrets, and
2424 * bdrv_create() will purge "opts", so extract them now before
2428 open_opts = qdict_new();
2429 qemu_opt_foreach(opts, img_add_key_secrets, open_opts, &error_abort);
2433 /* Create the new image */
2434 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2436 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2437 out_filename, out_fmt);
2442 s.target_is_new = !skip_create;
2444 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2445 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2447 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2452 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2453 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2455 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2456 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2457 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2458 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2460 s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, open_opts, out_fmt,
2461 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2462 open_opts = NULL; /* blk_new_open will have freed it */
2468 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2470 if (s.compressed && !block_driver_can_compress(out_bs->drv)) {
2471 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2476 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2477 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to
2478 * MAX_BUF_SECTORS as maximum which is currently 32768 (16MB). */
2479 s.buf_sectors = MIN(MAX_BUF_SECTORS,
2481 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2482 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2483 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2485 /* try to align the write requests to the destination to avoid unnecessary
2487 s.alignment = MAX(pow2floor(s.min_sparse),
2488 DIV_ROUND_UP(out_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2490 assert(is_power_of_2(s.alignment));
2493 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2494 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2495 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2496 strerror(-output_sectors));
2499 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2500 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2506 if (s.target_has_backing) {
2507 /* Errors are treated as "backing length unknown" (which means
2508 * s.target_backing_sectors has to be negative, which it will
2509 * be automatically). The backing file length is used only
2510 * for optimizations, so such a case is not fatal. */
2511 s.target_backing_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(out_bs->backing->bs);
2513 s.target_backing_sectors = -1;
2516 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2519 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2523 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2524 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2525 s.unallocated_blocks_are_zero = bdi.unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
2528 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2531 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2533 qemu_progress_end();
2534 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2535 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2536 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2537 qobject_unref(open_opts);
2538 blk_unref(s.target);
2540 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2541 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2545 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2553 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2555 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2558 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2561 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2562 bdrv_snapshot_dump(NULL);
2564 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2566 bdrv_snapshot_dump(sn);
2572 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2576 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2578 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2579 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2580 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2581 assert(str != NULL);
2582 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2588 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2592 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2594 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2595 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2596 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2597 assert(str != NULL);
2598 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2604 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2606 ImageInfoList *elem;
2609 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2615 bdrv_image_info_dump(elem->value);
2619 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2621 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2625 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2627 * @filename: topmost image filename
2628 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2629 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2630 * false - only topmost image file
2632 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2633 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2636 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2637 const char *filename,
2639 bool chain, bool force_share)
2641 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2642 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2643 GHashTable *filenames;
2646 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2650 BlockDriverState *bs;
2652 ImageInfoList *elem;
2654 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2655 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2659 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2661 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2662 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2669 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2671 error_report_err(err);
2676 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2683 filename = fmt = NULL;
2685 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2686 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2687 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2688 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2689 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2690 info->backing_filename);
2693 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2694 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2698 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2702 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2703 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2707 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2710 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2712 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2713 ImageInfoList *list;
2714 bool image_opts = false;
2715 bool force_share = false;
2720 int option_index = 0;
2721 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2722 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2723 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2724 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2725 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2726 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2727 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2728 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2731 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2732 long_options, &option_index);
2738 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2741 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2755 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2758 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2760 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2766 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2771 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2772 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2774 filename = argv[optind++];
2776 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2777 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2778 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2779 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2780 } else if (output) {
2781 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2785 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2786 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2787 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2791 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2797 switch (output_format) {
2799 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2803 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2805 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2810 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2814 static int dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2817 switch (output_format) {
2819 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2820 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2823 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2824 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2825 e->start, e->length,
2826 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2827 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2829 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2830 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2832 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2838 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2839 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2840 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2841 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2842 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2843 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2844 if (e->has_offset) {
2845 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2857 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2858 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
2862 BlockDriverState *file;
2865 char *filename = NULL;
2867 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2868 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2874 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
2879 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2882 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2891 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2893 if (file && has_offset) {
2894 bdrv_refresh_filename(file);
2895 filename = file->filename;
2901 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2902 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2904 .has_offset = has_offset,
2906 .has_filename = filename,
2907 .filename = filename,
2913 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2915 if (curr->length == 0) {
2918 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2919 curr->data != next->data ||
2920 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2921 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2922 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2925 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2928 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2934 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2937 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2939 BlockDriverState *bs;
2940 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2942 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2944 bool image_opts = false;
2945 bool force_share = false;
2950 int option_index = 0;
2951 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2952 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2953 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2954 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2955 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2956 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2957 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2960 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2961 long_options, &option_index);
2967 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2970 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2984 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2986 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2992 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2997 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2998 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3000 filename = argv[optind];
3002 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
3003 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
3004 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
3005 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3006 } else if (output) {
3007 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
3011 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3012 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3013 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3017 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
3023 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
3024 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
3027 length = blk_getlength(blk);
3028 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
3029 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
3032 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
3033 n = MIN(1 * GiB, length - offset);
3034 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
3037 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
3041 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
3042 curr.length += next.length;
3046 if (curr.length > 0) {
3047 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
3055 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
3062 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
3063 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
3064 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
3065 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
3067 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
3070 BlockDriverState *bs;
3071 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
3072 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
3073 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
3078 bool image_opts = false;
3079 bool force_share = false;
3081 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3082 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3084 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3085 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3086 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3087 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3088 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3091 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
3092 long_options, NULL);
3098 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3101 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3108 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3111 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
3112 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
3116 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3119 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
3120 snapshot_name = optarg;
3124 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3127 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
3128 snapshot_name = optarg;
3132 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3135 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
3136 snapshot_name = optarg;
3144 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3146 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3152 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3158 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3159 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3161 filename = argv[optind++];
3163 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3164 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3165 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3169 /* Open the image */
3170 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3177 /* Perform the requested action */
3183 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3184 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3185 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3187 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3188 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3189 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3191 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3193 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3194 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3198 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3199 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3201 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3206 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3207 ret = bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, &sn, snapshot_name);
3209 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': snapshot not "
3210 "found", snapshot_name);
3213 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn.id_str, sn.name, &err);
3215 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3231 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3233 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3234 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3235 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3236 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *prefix_chain_bs = NULL;
3238 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3239 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3240 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3242 bool force_share = false;
3245 Error *local_err = NULL;
3246 bool image_opts = false;
3248 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3250 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3251 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3255 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3256 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3257 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3258 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3259 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3262 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3263 long_options, NULL);
3269 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3272 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3281 out_basefmt = optarg;
3284 out_baseimg = optarg;
3301 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3303 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3309 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3322 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3323 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3325 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3326 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3328 filename = argv[optind++];
3330 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3331 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3332 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3336 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3337 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3339 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3340 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3342 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3347 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3349 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3353 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3354 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3355 (void) src_writethrough;
3360 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3361 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3363 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3371 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3372 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3373 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3379 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3381 QDict *options = NULL;
3382 BlockDriverState *base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
3385 blk_old_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3386 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3388 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_old_backing, base_bs,
3391 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3392 "Could not reuse old backing file '%s': ",
3397 blk_old_backing = NULL;
3400 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3401 const char *overlay_filename;
3402 char *out_real_path;
3404 options = qdict_new();
3406 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3409 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3412 bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
3413 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3416 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3420 qobject_unref(options);
3421 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3422 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3428 * Find out whether we rebase an image on top of a previous image
3431 prefix_chain_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, out_real_path);
3432 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3433 qobject_unref(options);
3434 g_free(out_real_path);
3436 blk_new_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3437 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3439 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_new_backing, prefix_chain_bs,
3442 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3443 "Could not reuse backing file '%s': ",
3448 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3449 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3450 g_free(out_real_path);
3451 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3452 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3453 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3463 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3464 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3465 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3466 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3468 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3469 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3473 int64_t old_backing_size = 0;
3474 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3477 float local_progress = 0;
3479 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3480 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3482 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3484 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3485 filename, strerror(-size));
3489 if (blk_old_backing) {
3490 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3491 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3492 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3494 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name,
3495 sizeof(backing_name));
3496 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3497 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3502 if (blk_new_backing) {
3503 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3504 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3505 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3506 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3513 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3516 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3517 bool buf_old_is_zero = false;
3519 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3520 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3522 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3523 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3525 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3533 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3535 * If cluster wasn't changed since prefix_chain, we don't need
3538 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(backing_bs(bs), prefix_chain_bs,
3539 false, offset, n, &n);
3541 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3551 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3552 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3554 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3555 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3556 buf_old_is_zero = true;
3558 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3559 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3562 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3564 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3569 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3570 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3572 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3573 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3576 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3578 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3583 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3584 uint64_t written = 0;
3586 while (written < n) {
3589 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3590 n - written, &pnum))
3592 if (buf_old_is_zero) {
3593 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset + written, pnum, 0);
3595 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3596 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3599 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3607 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3612 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3613 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3614 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3616 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3617 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3619 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3622 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3623 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3624 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3625 } else if (ret < 0) {
3626 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3627 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3630 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3632 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3633 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3634 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3635 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3638 qemu_progress_end();
3641 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3642 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3644 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3645 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3654 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3657 int c, ret, relative;
3658 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3659 int64_t n, total_size, current_size, new_size;
3661 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3662 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3665 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3666 .name = "resize_options",
3667 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3670 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3671 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3672 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3678 bool image_opts = false;
3679 bool shrink = false;
3681 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3682 * as options by getopt. */
3684 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3688 size = argv[--argc];
3690 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3693 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3694 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3695 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3696 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3697 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3698 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3701 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3702 long_options, NULL);
3708 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3711 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3722 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3724 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3730 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3733 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3734 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3735 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3736 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3737 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3746 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3747 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3749 filename = argv[optind++];
3751 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3752 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3753 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3757 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3773 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3774 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3776 error_report_err(err);
3778 qemu_opts_del(param);
3781 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3782 qemu_opts_del(param);
3784 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3785 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3792 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3793 if (current_size < 0) {
3794 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3795 strerror(-current_size));
3801 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3805 if (total_size <= 0) {
3806 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3811 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3812 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
3817 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
3818 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
3819 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
3820 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
3822 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
3824 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
3828 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
3829 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
3830 "shrink images without this option.");
3834 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, prealloc, &err);
3836 error_report_err(err);
3840 new_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3842 error_report("Failed to verify truncated image length: %s",
3843 strerror(-new_size));
3848 /* Some block drivers implement a truncation method, but only so
3849 * the user can cause qemu to refresh the image's size from disk.
3850 * The idea is that the user resizes the image outside of qemu and
3851 * then invokes block_resize to inform qemu about it.
3852 * (This includes iscsi and file-posix for device files.)
3853 * Of course, that is not the behavior someone invoking
3854 * qemu-img resize would find useful, so we catch that behavior
3855 * here and tell the user. */
3856 if (new_size != total_size && new_size == current_size) {
3857 error_report("Image was not resized; resizing may not be supported "
3863 if (new_size != total_size) {
3864 warn_report("Image should have been resized to %" PRIi64
3865 " bytes, but was resized to %" PRIi64 " bytes",
3866 total_size, new_size);
3869 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3879 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3880 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3883 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3886 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
3890 /* Find driver and parse its options */
3891 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
3893 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
3897 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
3898 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
3903 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
3904 assert(drv->create_opts);
3906 printf("Creation options for '%s':\n", format);
3907 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->create_opts, false);
3908 printf("\nNote that not all of these options may be amendable.\n");
3912 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3916 char *options = NULL;
3917 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3918 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3919 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3922 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3923 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3924 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3925 bool image_opts = false;
3927 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3929 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3930 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3931 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3932 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3935 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3936 long_options, NULL);
3943 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3946 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3952 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3953 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3955 goto out_no_progress;
3958 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3960 char *old_options = options;
3961 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3962 g_free(old_options);
3978 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3982 goto out_no_progress;
3985 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3992 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3995 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3996 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3997 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3999 goto out_no_progress;
4005 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
4007 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
4008 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
4009 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
4010 * given), print option help here */
4011 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4015 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4016 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
4021 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
4022 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
4024 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
4028 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4036 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
4038 if (has_help_option(options)) {
4039 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
4040 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4044 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4045 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4051 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
4052 assert(bs->drv->create_opts);
4054 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
4055 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4056 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
4058 error_report_err(err);
4063 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
4064 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
4065 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, &err);
4066 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
4068 error_report_err(err);
4073 qemu_progress_end();
4077 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4078 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4087 typedef struct BenchData {
4089 uint64_t image_size;
4096 bool drain_on_flush;
4105 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4108 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4113 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4115 BenchData *b = opaque;
4119 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4124 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
4125 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
4126 b->in_flush = false;
4127 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
4128 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
4133 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
4134 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
4135 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
4136 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
4138 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4142 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
4145 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
4147 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
4151 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4157 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
4158 int64_t offset = b->offset;
4159 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
4160 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
4161 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
4164 b->offset += b->step;
4165 b->offset %= b->image_size;
4167 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4169 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4172 error_report("Failed to issue request");
4178 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
4181 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
4183 bool image_opts = false;
4184 bool is_write = false;
4188 size_t bufsize = 4096;
4191 int flush_interval = 0;
4192 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4194 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4195 BenchData data = {};
4197 bool writethrough = false;
4198 struct timeval t1, t2;
4200 bool force_share = false;
4204 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4205 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4206 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4207 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4208 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4209 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4210 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4213 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
4220 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4223 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4232 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4233 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4243 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4244 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4254 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4258 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
4260 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
4273 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4274 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4275 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
4286 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4287 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
4288 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
4296 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4298 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4304 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4310 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4314 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4315 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4321 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4325 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4326 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4329 flush_interval = res;
4332 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4333 drain_on_flush = false;
4335 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4341 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4342 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4344 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4346 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4347 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4351 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4352 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4357 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4364 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4365 if (image_size < 0) {
4370 data = (BenchData) {
4372 .image_size = image_size,
4374 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4379 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4380 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4382 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4383 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4384 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4385 data.offset, data.step);
4386 if (flush_interval) {
4387 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4390 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4391 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4392 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4394 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4396 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4397 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4398 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4399 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4400 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4403 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4406 while (data.n > 0) {
4407 main_loop_wait(false);
4409 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4411 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4412 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4413 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4417 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4419 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4440 int bsz; /* Block size */
4448 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4452 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4453 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4460 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4461 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4464 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4469 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4470 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4473 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4475 if (dd->count < 0) {
4476 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4483 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4484 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4487 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4492 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4493 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4496 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4501 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4502 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4505 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4507 if (in->offset < 0) {
4508 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4515 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4520 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4521 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4522 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4523 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4524 Error *local_err = NULL;
4525 bool image_opts = false;
4527 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4528 const char *fmt = NULL;
4530 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4531 bool force_share = false;
4532 struct DdInfo dd = {
4537 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4549 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4550 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4551 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4552 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4553 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4554 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4557 const struct option long_options[] = {
4558 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4559 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4560 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4561 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4565 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4577 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4580 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4589 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4594 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4600 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4602 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4604 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4606 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4613 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4614 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4618 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4619 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4624 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4628 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4633 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4634 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4639 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4640 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4641 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4646 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4654 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4656 error_report("Unknown file format");
4660 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4663 error_report_err(local_err);
4667 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4668 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4673 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4674 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4675 proto_drv->format_name);
4679 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4680 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4682 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4684 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4686 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4691 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4692 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4693 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4696 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4697 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4698 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4699 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4701 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4702 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4705 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4707 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4708 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4714 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4715 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4716 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4717 * support image-opts style.
4719 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4720 false, false, false);
4727 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4728 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4729 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4730 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4732 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4735 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4738 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4740 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4741 int in_ret, out_ret;
4743 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4744 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4746 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4749 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4756 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4759 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4760 strerror(-out_ret));
4769 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4770 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4773 g_free(in.filename);
4774 g_free(out.filename);
4784 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
4788 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
4790 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
4791 visit_complete(v, &obj);
4792 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
4793 assert(str != NULL);
4794 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
4800 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
4802 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4803 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4804 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4805 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4806 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
4807 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
4808 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4811 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4812 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
4814 const char *filename = NULL;
4815 const char *fmt = NULL;
4816 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4817 char *options = NULL;
4818 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
4819 bool force_share = false;
4820 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4821 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
4822 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
4823 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4824 bool image_opts = false;
4825 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
4826 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
4827 Error *local_err = NULL;
4831 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
4832 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4845 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
4846 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
4850 options = g_strdup(optarg);
4852 char *old_options = options;
4853 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
4854 g_free(old_options);
4858 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
4859 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
4862 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
4867 snapshot_name = optarg;
4874 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4880 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4884 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
4885 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
4886 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
4887 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4889 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
4898 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4900 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
4901 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
4903 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
4904 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
4905 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
4906 "petabytes and exabytes.");
4910 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
4916 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4917 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4918 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4922 if (argc - optind > 1) {
4923 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
4925 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
4926 filename = argv[optind];
4930 (object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
4931 error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
4932 "require a filename argument.");
4935 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4936 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
4939 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
4940 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
4945 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
4946 false, false, force_share);
4952 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
4953 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
4954 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
4956 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
4957 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
4958 snapshot_name, &local_err);
4961 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
4966 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4968 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4971 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4972 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4977 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4978 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
4979 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4981 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
4983 error_report_err(local_err);
4984 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4988 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4989 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
4992 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
4994 error_report_err(local_err);
4998 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
4999 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
5000 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
5002 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
5008 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
5009 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
5010 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5011 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
5012 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5018 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
5019 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
5020 { option, callback },
5021 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
5026 int main(int argc, char **argv)
5028 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
5029 const char *cmdname;
5030 Error *local_error = NULL;
5031 char *trace_file = NULL;
5033 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5034 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5035 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
5036 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
5041 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
5044 error_init(argv[0]);
5045 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
5046 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
5048 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
5049 error_report_err(local_error);
5053 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
5055 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
5058 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
5061 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
5062 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
5063 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
5065 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5068 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
5071 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
5077 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
5081 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
5086 cmdname = argv[optind];
5088 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
5094 qemu_reset_optind();
5096 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
5099 trace_init_file(trace_file);
5100 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
5102 /* find the command */
5103 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
5104 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
5105 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
5110 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);