2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-common.h"
29 #include "qemu-version.h"
30 #include "qapi/error.h"
31 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
32 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
33 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
37 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
38 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
39 #include "qemu/option.h"
40 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
42 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
43 #include "qemu/module.h"
44 #include "qemu/units.h"
45 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
46 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
47 #include "block/block_int.h"
48 #include "block/blockjob.h"
49 #include "block/qapi.h"
50 #include "crypto/init.h"
51 #include "trace/control.h"
53 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
54 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
56 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
58 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
63 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
65 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
67 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
68 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
69 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
71 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
74 OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO = 268,
84 typedef enum OutputFormat {
89 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
90 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
92 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
97 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
102 error_vreport(fmt, ap);
105 error_printf("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
109 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
111 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
114 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
116 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
119 /* Please keep in synch with docs/tools/qemu-img.rst */
120 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
122 const char *help_msg =
124 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
125 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
127 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
128 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
129 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
130 " specify tracing options\n"
133 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
135 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
138 "Command parameters:\n"
139 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
140 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
141 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
142 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
143 " encryption keys.\n"
144 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
145 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
146 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
147 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
148 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
149 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
150 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
151 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
152 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
153 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
154 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
155 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
156 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
157 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
159 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
160 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
162 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
163 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
164 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
165 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
166 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
167 " to open the backing file.\n"
168 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
169 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
170 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
171 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
172 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
173 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
174 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
176 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
177 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
178 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
180 "Parameters to bitmap subcommand:\n"
181 " 'bitmap' is the name of the bitmap to manipulate, through one or more\n"
182 " actions from '--add', '--remove', '--clear', '--enable', '--disable',\n"
183 " or '--merge source'\n"
184 " '-g granularity' sets the granularity for '--add' actions\n"
185 " '-b source' and '-F src_fmt' tell '--merge' actions to find the source\n"
186 " bitmaps from an alternative file\n"
188 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
189 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
190 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
191 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
192 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
194 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
195 " '--bitmaps' copies all top-level persistent bitmaps to destination\n"
196 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
197 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
198 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
200 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
201 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
202 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
203 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
204 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
205 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
207 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
208 " '-f' first image format\n"
209 " '-F' second image format\n"
210 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
212 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
213 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
215 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
216 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
217 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
218 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
220 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
221 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL, false);
222 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
226 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
228 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
229 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
235 static bool qemu_img_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
237 if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
244 * Is @optarg safe for accumulate_options()?
245 * It is when multiple of them can be joined together separated by ','.
246 * To make that work, @optarg must not start with ',' (or else a
247 * separating ',' preceding it gets escaped), and it must not end with
248 * an odd number of ',' (or else a separating ',' following it gets
249 * escaped), or be empty (or else a separating ',' preceding it can
250 * escape a separating ',' following it).
253 static bool is_valid_option_list(const char *optarg)
255 size_t len = strlen(optarg);
258 if (!optarg[0] || optarg[0] == ',') {
262 for (i = len; i > 0 && optarg[i - 1] == ','; i--) {
271 static int accumulate_options(char **options, char *optarg)
275 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
276 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
281 *options = g_strdup(optarg);
283 new_options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", *options, optarg);
285 *options = new_options;
290 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
292 .implied_opt_name = "file",
293 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
299 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
305 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
312 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
314 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
315 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
316 Error *local_err = NULL;
318 /* Find driver and parse its options */
319 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
321 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
325 if (!drv->create_opts) {
326 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
330 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
332 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
334 error_report_err(local_err);
335 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
338 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
339 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
340 proto_drv->format_name);
341 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
344 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
348 printf("Supported options:\n");
350 printf("Supported %s options:\n", fmt);
352 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts, false);
353 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
357 "The protocol level may support further options.\n"
358 "Specify the target filename to include those options.\n");
365 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
366 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
367 bool quiet, bool force_share)
370 Error *local_err = NULL;
372 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
374 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
375 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
376 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
377 qobject_unref(options);
380 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
382 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
384 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
387 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
392 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
394 const char *fmt, int flags,
395 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
399 Error *local_err = NULL;
402 options = qdict_new();
405 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
409 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
411 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
413 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
416 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
422 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
423 const char *name, const char *value,
426 QDict *options = opaque;
428 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
429 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
436 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
437 const char *filename,
438 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
439 bool quiet, bool force_share)
445 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
448 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
453 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
456 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
463 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
464 const char *base_filename,
465 const char *base_fmt)
470 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
472 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
479 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
481 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
490 static int64_t cvtnum_full(const char *name, const char *value, int64_t min,
496 err = qemu_strtosz(value, NULL, &res);
497 if (err < 0 && err != -ERANGE) {
498 error_report("Invalid %s specified. You may use "
499 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for", name);
500 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
501 "petabytes and exabytes.");
504 if (err == -ERANGE || res > max || res < min) {
505 error_report("Invalid %s specified. Must be between %" PRId64
506 " and %" PRId64 ".", name, min, max);
512 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *name, const char *value)
514 return cvtnum_full(name, value, 0, INT64_MAX);
517 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
520 uint64_t img_size = -1;
521 const char *fmt = "raw";
522 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
523 const char *filename;
524 const char *base_filename = NULL;
525 char *options = NULL;
526 Error *local_err = NULL;
531 static const struct option long_options[] = {
532 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
533 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
536 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
543 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
546 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
555 base_filename = optarg;
561 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
569 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
571 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
573 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
582 /* Get the filename */
583 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
584 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
586 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
589 if (optind >= argc) {
590 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
594 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
595 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
596 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
600 /* Get image size, if specified */
604 sval = cvtnum("image size", argv[optind++]);
608 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
610 if (optind != argc) {
611 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
614 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
615 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
617 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
629 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
633 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
635 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
636 visit_complete(v, &obj);
637 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
639 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
645 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
647 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
648 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
650 if (check->corruptions) {
651 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
652 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
659 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
660 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
664 if (check->check_errors) {
667 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
668 check->check_errors);
672 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
673 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
674 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
675 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
676 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
677 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
678 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
679 check->allocated_clusters);
682 if (check->image_end_offset) {
684 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
688 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
690 const char *filename,
695 BdrvCheckResult result;
697 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
702 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
703 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
704 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
705 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
706 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
707 check->leaks = result.leaks;
708 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
709 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
710 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed != 0;
711 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
712 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed != 0;
713 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
714 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
715 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
716 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
717 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
718 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
719 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
720 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
721 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
722 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
728 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
730 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
731 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
732 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
733 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
734 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
736 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
739 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
740 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
742 BlockDriverState *bs;
744 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
748 bool image_opts = false;
749 bool force_share = false;
753 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
756 int option_index = 0;
757 static const struct option long_options[] = {
758 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
759 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
760 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
761 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
762 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
763 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
764 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
767 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
768 long_options, &option_index);
774 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
777 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
786 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
788 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
789 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
790 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
791 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
793 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
794 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
809 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
811 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
817 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
822 if (optind != argc - 1) {
823 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
825 filename = argv[optind++];
827 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
828 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
829 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
830 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
832 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
836 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
837 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
838 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
842 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
844 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
848 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
855 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
856 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
858 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
859 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
864 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
865 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
866 bool has_leaks_fixed, has_corruptions_fixed;
868 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
869 has_leaks_fixed = check->has_leaks_fixed;
870 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
871 has_corruptions_fixed = check->has_corruptions_fixed;
873 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
875 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
876 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
877 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
878 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
880 check->corruptions_fixed);
883 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
884 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
885 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
887 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
888 check->has_leaks_fixed = has_leaks_fixed;
889 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
890 check->has_corruptions_fixed = has_corruptions_fixed;
894 switch (output_format) {
896 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
899 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
904 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
906 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
908 error_report("Check failed");
914 if (check->corruptions) {
916 } else if (check->leaks) {
923 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
928 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
929 BlockDriverState *bs;
931 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
933 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
935 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
938 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
942 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
944 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
947 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
950 float progress = 0.0f;
951 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
952 if (job->job.progress.total) {
953 progress = (float)job->job.progress.current /
954 job->job.progress.total * 100.f;
956 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
957 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
959 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
960 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
964 job_unref(&job->job);
965 aio_context_release(aio_context);
967 /* publish completion progress only when success */
969 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
973 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
976 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
978 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
980 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
982 Error *local_err = NULL;
983 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
984 bool image_opts = false;
985 AioContext *aio_context;
988 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
991 static const struct option long_options[] = {
992 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
993 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
994 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
997 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
1004 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1007 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1032 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1034 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1040 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1046 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1051 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1052 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1054 filename = argv[optind++];
1056 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1057 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1058 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1062 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
1063 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1065 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1069 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1076 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1077 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1080 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1082 error_setg(&local_err,
1083 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1088 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1089 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1090 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1091 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1093 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1098 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1103 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1104 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1105 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1106 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1107 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1108 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1113 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1114 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1115 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1116 * counter here preemptively. */
1121 job = block_job_get("commit");
1123 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1129 BlockBackend *old_backing_blk;
1131 old_backing_blk = blk_new_with_bs(bs, BLK_PERM_WRITE, BLK_PERM_ALL,
1133 if (!old_backing_blk) {
1136 ret = blk_make_empty(old_backing_blk, &local_err);
1137 blk_unref(old_backing_blk);
1138 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
1139 error_free(local_err);
1141 } else if (ret < 0) {
1152 qemu_progress_end();
1157 error_report_err(local_err);
1161 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1166 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1167 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1168 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1171 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1174 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1176 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1177 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1181 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1188 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1191 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1192 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1193 * The function will try to align the end offset to alignment boundaries so
1194 * that the request will at least end aligned and consequtive requests will
1195 * also start at an aligned offset.
1197 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1198 int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1207 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1208 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1210 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1215 tail = (sector_num + i) & (alignment - 1);
1217 if (is_zero && i <= tail) {
1218 /* treat unallocated areas which only consist
1219 * of a small tail as allocated. */
1223 /* align up end offset of allocated areas. */
1224 i += alignment - tail;
1227 /* align down end offset of zero areas. */
1236 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1237 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1238 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1240 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1241 int min, int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1244 int num_checked, num_used;
1250 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1256 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1258 sector_num += *pnum;
1259 num_checked = num_used;
1262 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1264 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1266 sector_num += *pnum;
1267 num_checked += *pnum;
1269 num_used = num_checked;
1270 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1280 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1281 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1283 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1284 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1286 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1287 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1290 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1294 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1296 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1298 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1308 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * MiB)
1311 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1313 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1314 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1315 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1318 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1319 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1320 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1321 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1322 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1323 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1325 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1326 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1327 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1332 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1334 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1335 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1338 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1340 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1349 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1351 * 0 - Images are identical
1353 * >1 - Error occurred
1355 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1357 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1358 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1359 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1360 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1361 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1362 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1363 int allocated1, allocated2;
1364 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1365 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1372 uint64_t progress_base;
1373 bool image_opts = false;
1374 bool force_share = false;
1376 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1378 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1379 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1380 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1381 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1382 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1385 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1386 long_options, NULL);
1392 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1395 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1421 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1423 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1430 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1436 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1442 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1443 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1445 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1446 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1448 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1449 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1450 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1455 /* Initialize before goto out */
1456 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1459 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1461 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1466 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1473 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1482 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1483 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1484 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1485 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1486 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1487 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1491 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1492 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1493 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1494 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1498 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1499 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1501 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1503 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1505 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1509 while (offset < total_size) {
1510 int status1, status2;
1512 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1513 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1517 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1520 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1522 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1523 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1527 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1530 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1532 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1533 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1536 if (status1 != status2) {
1538 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1539 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1543 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1545 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1549 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1550 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1552 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1554 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1558 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1560 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1562 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1566 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1567 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1568 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1569 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1575 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1577 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1578 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1580 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1581 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1588 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1591 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1592 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1593 const char *filename_over;
1595 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1596 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1598 filename_over = filename1;
1601 filename_over = filename2;
1604 while (offset < progress_base) {
1605 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1606 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1610 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1615 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1616 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1617 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1618 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1624 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1628 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1638 qemu_progress_end();
1643 /* Convenience wrapper around qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge */
1644 static void do_dirty_bitmap_merge(const char *dst_node, const char *dst_name,
1645 const char *src_node, const char *src_name,
1648 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource *merge_src;
1649 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList *list;
1651 merge_src = g_new0(BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource, 1);
1652 merge_src->type = QTYPE_QDICT;
1653 merge_src->u.external.node = g_strdup(src_node);
1654 merge_src->u.external.name = g_strdup(src_name);
1655 list = g_new0(BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList, 1);
1656 list->value = merge_src;
1657 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst_node, dst_name, list, errp);
1658 qapi_free_BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList(list);
1661 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1667 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1669 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1671 int64_t *src_sectors;
1673 int64_t total_sectors;
1674 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1675 int64_t allocated_done;
1678 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1679 int64_t sector_next_status;
1680 BlockBackend *target;
1683 bool unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1685 bool target_has_backing;
1686 int64_t target_backing_sectors; /* negative if unknown */
1693 size_t cluster_sectors;
1695 long num_coroutines;
1696 int running_coroutines;
1697 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1698 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1703 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1704 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1707 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1708 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1709 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1711 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1715 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1717 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1718 int ret, n, src_cur;
1719 bool post_backing_zero = false;
1721 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1723 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1724 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1726 if (s->target_backing_sectors >= 0) {
1727 if (sector_num >= s->target_backing_sectors) {
1728 post_backing_zero = s->unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
1729 } else if (sector_num + n > s->target_backing_sectors) {
1730 /* Split requests around target_backing_sectors (because
1731 * starting from there, zeros are handled differently) */
1732 n = s->target_backing_sectors - sector_num;
1736 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1737 uint64_t offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1741 count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1743 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1744 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), offset,
1745 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1747 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1748 offset, count, &count, NULL,
1756 warn_report("error while reading block status at "
1757 "offset %" PRIu64 ": %s", offset,
1760 /* Just try to read the data, then */
1761 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1762 count = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1764 /* Retry on a shorter range */
1765 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(n, 4);
1768 error_report("error while reading block status at offset "
1769 "%" PRIu64 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1775 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1777 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1778 s->status = post_backing_zero ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_ZERO;
1779 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1780 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1782 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1785 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1788 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1789 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1790 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1793 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1794 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1795 * cluster allocated. */
1796 if (s->compressed) {
1797 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1798 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1799 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1801 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1808 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1809 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1811 uint64_t single_read_until = 0;
1814 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1815 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1818 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1821 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1822 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1823 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1824 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1825 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1826 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1828 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1830 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1831 if (single_read_until > offset) {
1835 ret = blk_co_pread(blk, offset, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, 0);
1839 single_read_until = offset + (n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1843 warn_report("error while reading offset %" PRIu64
1844 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1846 memset(buf, 0, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1855 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1862 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1863 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1864 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1868 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1870 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1873 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1874 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1875 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1876 * visible at the respective offset. */
1877 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1881 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1882 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1883 * it as zero sectors.
1884 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1885 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1887 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1889 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse,
1890 sector_num, s->alignment)) ||
1892 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1894 ret = blk_co_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1895 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, flags);
1904 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1905 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1908 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1909 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1910 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1911 BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1920 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1926 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1931 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1934 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1937 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1938 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1939 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1940 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1942 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1944 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1945 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1946 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0, 0);
1957 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1959 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1960 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1964 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1965 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1972 s->running_coroutines++;
1973 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1978 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1981 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1982 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1983 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1986 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1988 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1992 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1993 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1995 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1996 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1998 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1999 * already continue reading beyond this request */
2001 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
2003 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
2004 s->allocated_done += n;
2005 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
2006 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
2010 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
2011 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
2012 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
2014 error_report("error while reading at byte %lld: %s",
2015 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
2018 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
2020 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2023 if (s->wr_in_order) {
2024 /* keep writes in order */
2025 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2026 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
2027 qemu_coroutine_yield();
2029 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
2032 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2034 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
2036 s->copy_range = false;
2040 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
2043 error_report("error while writing at byte %lld: %s",
2044 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
2049 if (s->wr_in_order) {
2050 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
2051 * for this write to complete */
2052 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
2053 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2054 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
2056 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
2057 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
2058 * B will never enter A during this time window.
2060 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2068 s->co[index] = NULL;
2069 s->running_coroutines--;
2070 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2071 /* the convert job finished successfully */
2076 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
2079 int64_t sector_num = 0;
2081 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
2082 if (!s->has_zero_init && s->target_is_new && s->min_sparse &&
2083 !s->target_has_backing) {
2084 s->has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target));
2087 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
2088 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
2090 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP | BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK);
2092 s->has_zero_init = true;
2096 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
2097 * can be copied at a time. */
2098 if (s->compressed) {
2099 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
2100 error_report("invalid cluster size");
2103 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
2106 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
2107 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
2111 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
2113 s->allocated_sectors += n;
2119 s->sector_next_status = 0;
2120 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
2122 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
2123 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2124 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
2125 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
2126 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2129 while (s->running_coroutines) {
2130 main_loop_wait(false);
2133 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
2134 /* signal EOF to align */
2135 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
2144 static int convert_copy_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *src, BlockDriverState *dst)
2146 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bm;
2149 FOR_EACH_DIRTY_BITMAP(src, bm) {
2152 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bm)) {
2155 name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bm);
2156 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(dst->node_name, name,
2157 true, bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bm),
2159 true, !bdrv_dirty_bitmap_enabled(bm),
2162 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to create bitmap %s: ", name);
2166 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst->node_name, name, src->node_name, name,
2169 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to populate bitmap %s: ", name);
2177 #define MAX_BUF_SECTORS 32768
2179 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
2181 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
2182 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
2183 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
2184 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2185 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
2186 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
2187 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
2188 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
2189 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2190 QDict *open_opts = NULL;
2191 char *options = NULL;
2192 Error *local_err = NULL;
2193 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, image_opts = false,
2194 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
2195 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
2196 bool force_share = false;
2197 bool explict_min_sparse = false;
2198 bool bitmaps = false;
2200 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
2201 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
2203 .copy_range = false,
2204 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2205 .wr_in_order = true,
2206 .num_coroutines = 8,
2210 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2211 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2212 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2213 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2214 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2215 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2216 {"salvage", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SALVAGE},
2217 {"target-is-zero", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO},
2218 {"bitmaps", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BITMAPS},
2221 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:Cco:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
2222 long_options, NULL);
2228 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2231 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2243 out_baseimg = optarg;
2246 s.copy_range = true;
2249 s.compressed = true;
2252 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
2257 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2258 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2261 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2266 snapshot_name = optarg;
2273 sval = cvtnum("buffer size for sparse output", optarg);
2276 } else if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(sval, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) ||
2277 sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE > MAX_BUF_SECTORS) {
2278 error_report("Invalid buffer size for sparse output specified. "
2279 "Valid sizes are multiples of %llu up to %llu. Select "
2280 "0 to disable sparse detection (fully allocates output).",
2281 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SECTORS * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2285 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2286 explict_min_sparse = true;
2305 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2306 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2307 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2308 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2313 s.wr_in_order = false;
2318 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2319 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2320 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2327 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2330 case OPTION_SALVAGE:
2333 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2334 tgt_image_opts = true;
2336 case OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO:
2338 * The user asserting that the target is blank has the
2339 * same effect as the target driver supporting zero
2342 s.has_zero_init = true;
2344 case OPTION_BITMAPS:
2350 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2354 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2355 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2356 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2360 if (s.compressed && s.copy_range) {
2361 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used");
2365 if (explict_min_sparse && s.copy_range) {
2366 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used");
2370 if (s.copy_range && s.salvage) {
2371 error_report("Cannot use copy offloading in salvaging mode");
2375 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2376 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2380 if (skip_create && options) {
2381 warn_report("-o has no effect when skipping image creation");
2382 warn_report("This will become an error in future QEMU versions.");
2385 if (s.has_zero_init && !skip_create) {
2386 error_report("--target-is-zero requires use of -n flag");
2390 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2391 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2393 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2395 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2398 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2403 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2404 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2408 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2409 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2411 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2415 /* Initialize before goto out */
2419 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2420 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2422 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2423 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2425 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2426 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2427 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, s.quiet,
2433 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2434 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2435 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2436 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2440 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2444 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2445 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2446 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2448 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2449 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2450 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2455 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2459 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2465 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2466 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2468 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2473 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2475 error_report_err(local_err);
2480 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2481 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2487 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2488 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2489 proto_drv->format_name);
2494 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2495 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2497 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2499 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2501 error_report_err(local_err);
2507 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2509 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2515 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2516 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2517 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2518 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2520 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2522 if (s.has_zero_init && s.target_has_backing) {
2523 error_report("Cannot use --target-is-zero when the destination "
2524 "image has a backing file");
2528 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2529 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2530 "concatenating multiple input images");
2535 /* Check if compression is supported */
2538 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2539 const char *encryptfmt =
2540 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2541 const char *preallocation =
2542 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2544 if (drv && !block_driver_can_compress(drv)) {
2545 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2550 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2551 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2558 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2560 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2567 /* Determine if bitmaps need copying */
2569 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2570 error_report("Copying bitmaps only possible with single source");
2574 if (!bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(blk_bs(s.src[0]))) {
2575 error_report("Source lacks bitmap support");
2582 * The later open call will need any decryption secrets, and
2583 * bdrv_create() will purge "opts", so extract them now before
2587 open_opts = qdict_new();
2588 qemu_opt_foreach(opts, img_add_key_secrets, open_opts, &error_abort);
2590 /* Create the new image */
2591 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2593 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2594 out_filename, out_fmt);
2599 s.target_is_new = !skip_create;
2601 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2602 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2604 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2609 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2610 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2612 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2613 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2614 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2615 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2617 s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, open_opts, out_fmt,
2618 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2619 open_opts = NULL; /* blk_new_open will have freed it */
2625 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2627 if (bitmaps && !bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(out_bs)) {
2628 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support bitmaps",
2629 out_bs->drv->format_name);
2634 if (s.compressed && !block_driver_can_compress(out_bs->drv)) {
2635 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2640 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2641 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to
2642 * MAX_BUF_SECTORS as maximum which is currently 32768 (16MB). */
2643 s.buf_sectors = MIN(MAX_BUF_SECTORS,
2645 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2646 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2647 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2649 /* try to align the write requests to the destination to avoid unnecessary
2651 s.alignment = MAX(pow2floor(s.min_sparse),
2652 DIV_ROUND_UP(out_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2654 assert(is_power_of_2(s.alignment));
2657 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2658 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2659 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2660 strerror(-output_sectors));
2663 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2664 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2670 if (s.target_has_backing && s.target_is_new) {
2671 /* Errors are treated as "backing length unknown" (which means
2672 * s.target_backing_sectors has to be negative, which it will
2673 * be automatically). The backing file length is used only
2674 * for optimizations, so such a case is not fatal. */
2675 s.target_backing_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(out_bs->backing->bs);
2677 s.target_backing_sectors = -1;
2680 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2683 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2687 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2688 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2689 s.unallocated_blocks_are_zero = bdi.unallocated_blocks_are_zero;
2692 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2694 /* Now copy the bitmaps */
2695 if (bitmaps && ret == 0) {
2696 ret = convert_copy_bitmaps(blk_bs(s.src[0]), out_bs);
2701 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2703 qemu_progress_end();
2704 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2705 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2706 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2707 qobject_unref(open_opts);
2708 blk_unref(s.target);
2710 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2711 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2715 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2723 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2725 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2728 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2731 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2732 bdrv_snapshot_dump(NULL);
2734 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2736 bdrv_snapshot_dump(sn);
2742 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2746 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2748 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2749 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2750 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2751 assert(str != NULL);
2752 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2758 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2762 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2764 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2765 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2766 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2767 assert(str != NULL);
2768 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2774 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2776 ImageInfoList *elem;
2779 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2785 bdrv_image_info_dump(elem->value);
2789 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2791 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2795 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2797 * @filename: topmost image filename
2798 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2799 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2800 * false - only topmost image file
2802 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2803 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2806 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2807 const char *filename,
2809 bool chain, bool force_share)
2811 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2812 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2813 GHashTable *filenames;
2816 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2820 BlockDriverState *bs;
2822 ImageInfoList *elem;
2824 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2825 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2829 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2831 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2832 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2839 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2841 error_report_err(err);
2846 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2853 /* Clear parameters that only apply to the topmost image */
2854 filename = fmt = NULL;
2858 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2859 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2860 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2861 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2862 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2863 info->backing_filename);
2866 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2867 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2871 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2875 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2876 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2880 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2883 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2885 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2886 ImageInfoList *list;
2887 bool image_opts = false;
2888 bool force_share = false;
2893 int option_index = 0;
2894 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2895 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2896 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2897 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2898 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2899 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2900 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2901 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2904 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2905 long_options, &option_index);
2911 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2914 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2928 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2931 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2933 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2939 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2944 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2945 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2947 filename = argv[optind++];
2949 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2950 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2951 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2952 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2953 } else if (output) {
2954 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2958 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2959 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2960 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2964 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2970 switch (output_format) {
2972 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2976 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2978 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2983 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2987 static int dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2990 switch (output_format) {
2992 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2993 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2996 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2997 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2998 e->start, e->length,
2999 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
3000 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
3002 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
3003 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
3005 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
3011 printf("{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
3012 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
3013 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
3014 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
3015 e->data ? "true" : "false");
3016 if (e->has_offset) {
3017 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
3029 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
3030 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
3034 BlockDriverState *file;
3037 char *filename = NULL;
3039 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
3040 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
3046 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
3051 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
3054 bs = backing_bs(bs);
3063 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
3065 if (file && has_offset) {
3066 bdrv_refresh_filename(file);
3067 filename = file->filename;
3073 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
3074 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
3076 .has_offset = has_offset,
3078 .has_filename = filename,
3079 .filename = filename,
3085 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
3087 if (curr->length == 0) {
3090 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
3091 curr->data != next->data ||
3092 curr->depth != next->depth ||
3093 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
3094 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
3097 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
3100 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
3106 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
3109 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3111 BlockDriverState *bs;
3112 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
3114 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
3116 bool image_opts = false;
3117 bool force_share = false;
3118 int64_t start_offset = 0;
3119 int64_t max_length = -1;
3124 int option_index = 0;
3125 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3126 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3127 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
3128 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
3129 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3130 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3131 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3132 {"start-offset", required_argument, 0, 's'},
3133 {"max-length", required_argument, 0, 'l'},
3136 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:s:l:hU",
3137 long_options, &option_index);
3143 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3146 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3161 start_offset = cvtnum("start offset", optarg);
3162 if (start_offset < 0) {
3167 max_length = cvtnum("max length", optarg);
3168 if (max_length < 0) {
3172 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3174 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3180 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3185 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3186 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3188 filename = argv[optind];
3190 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
3191 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
3192 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
3193 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3194 } else if (output) {
3195 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
3199 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3200 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3201 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3205 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
3211 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
3212 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
3213 } else if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3217 length = blk_getlength(blk);
3219 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", filename);
3222 if (max_length != -1) {
3223 length = MIN(start_offset + max_length, length);
3226 curr.start = start_offset;
3227 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
3228 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
3231 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
3232 n = MIN(1 * GiB, length - offset);
3233 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
3236 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
3240 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
3241 curr.length += next.length;
3245 if (curr.length > 0) {
3246 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
3254 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
3255 if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3264 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
3265 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
3266 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
3267 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
3269 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
3272 BlockDriverState *bs;
3273 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
3274 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
3275 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
3280 bool image_opts = false;
3281 bool force_share = false;
3283 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3284 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3286 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3287 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3288 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3289 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3290 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3293 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
3294 long_options, NULL);
3300 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3303 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3310 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3313 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
3314 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
3318 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3321 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
3322 snapshot_name = optarg;
3326 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3329 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
3330 snapshot_name = optarg;
3334 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3337 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
3338 snapshot_name = optarg;
3346 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3348 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3354 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3360 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3361 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3363 filename = argv[optind++];
3365 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3366 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3367 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3371 /* Open the image */
3372 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3379 /* Perform the requested action */
3385 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3386 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3387 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3389 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3390 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3391 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3393 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3395 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3396 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3400 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3401 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3403 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3408 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3409 ret = bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, &sn, snapshot_name);
3411 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': snapshot not "
3412 "found", snapshot_name);
3415 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn.id_str, sn.name, &err);
3417 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3433 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3435 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3436 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3437 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3438 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *prefix_chain_bs = NULL;
3440 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3441 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3442 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3444 bool force_share = false;
3447 Error *local_err = NULL;
3448 bool image_opts = false;
3450 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3452 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3453 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3457 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3458 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3459 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3460 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3461 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3464 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3465 long_options, NULL);
3471 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3474 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3483 out_basefmt = optarg;
3486 out_baseimg = optarg;
3503 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3505 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3511 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3524 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3525 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3527 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3528 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3530 filename = argv[optind++];
3532 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3533 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3534 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3538 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3539 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3541 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3542 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3544 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3549 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3551 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3555 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3556 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3557 (void) src_writethrough;
3562 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3563 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3565 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3573 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3574 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3575 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3581 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3583 QDict *options = NULL;
3584 BlockDriverState *base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
3587 blk_old_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3588 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3590 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_old_backing, base_bs,
3593 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3594 "Could not reuse old backing file '%s': ",
3599 blk_old_backing = NULL;
3602 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3603 const char *overlay_filename;
3604 char *out_real_path;
3606 options = qdict_new();
3608 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3611 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3614 bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
3615 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3618 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3622 qobject_unref(options);
3623 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3624 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3630 * Find out whether we rebase an image on top of a previous image
3633 prefix_chain_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, out_real_path);
3634 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3635 qobject_unref(options);
3636 g_free(out_real_path);
3638 blk_new_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3639 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3641 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_new_backing, prefix_chain_bs,
3644 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3645 "Could not reuse backing file '%s': ",
3650 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3651 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3652 g_free(out_real_path);
3653 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3654 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3655 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3665 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3666 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3667 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3668 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3670 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3671 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3675 int64_t old_backing_size = 0;
3676 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3679 float local_progress = 0;
3681 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3682 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3684 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3686 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3687 filename, strerror(-size));
3691 if (blk_old_backing) {
3692 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3693 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3694 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3696 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name,
3697 sizeof(backing_name));
3698 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3699 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3704 if (blk_new_backing) {
3705 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3706 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3707 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3708 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3715 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3718 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3719 bool buf_old_is_zero = false;
3721 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3722 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3724 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3725 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3727 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3735 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3737 * If cluster wasn't changed since prefix_chain, we don't need
3740 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(backing_bs(bs), prefix_chain_bs,
3741 false, offset, n, &n);
3743 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3753 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3754 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3756 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3757 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3758 buf_old_is_zero = true;
3760 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3761 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3764 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3766 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3771 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3772 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3774 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3775 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3778 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3780 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3785 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3786 uint64_t written = 0;
3788 while (written < n) {
3791 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3792 n - written, &pnum))
3794 if (buf_old_is_zero) {
3795 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset + written, pnum, 0);
3797 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3798 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3801 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3809 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3814 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3815 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3816 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3818 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3819 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3821 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3824 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3825 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3826 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3827 } else if (ret < 0) {
3828 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3829 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3832 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3834 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3835 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3836 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3837 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3840 qemu_progress_end();
3843 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3844 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3846 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3847 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3856 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3859 int c, ret, relative;
3860 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3861 int64_t n, total_size, current_size;
3863 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3864 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3867 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3868 .name = "resize_options",
3869 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3872 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3873 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3874 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3880 bool image_opts = false;
3881 bool shrink = false;
3883 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3884 * as options by getopt. */
3886 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3890 size = argv[--argc];
3892 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3895 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3896 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3897 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3898 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3899 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3900 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3903 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3904 long_options, NULL);
3910 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3913 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3924 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3926 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3932 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3935 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3936 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3937 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3938 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3939 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3948 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3949 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3951 filename = argv[optind++];
3953 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3954 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3955 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3959 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3975 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3976 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3978 error_report_err(err);
3980 qemu_opts_del(param);
3983 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3984 qemu_opts_del(param);
3986 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3987 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3994 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3995 if (current_size < 0) {
3996 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3997 strerror(-current_size));
4003 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
4007 if (total_size <= 0) {
4008 error_report("New image size must be positive");
4013 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
4014 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
4019 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
4020 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
4021 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
4022 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
4024 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
4026 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
4030 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
4031 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
4032 "shrink images without this option.");
4037 * The user expects the image to have the desired size after
4038 * resizing, so pass @exact=true. It is of no use to report
4039 * success when the image has not actually been resized.
4041 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, true, prealloc, 0, &err);
4043 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
4045 error_report_err(err);
4055 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
4056 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
4059 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
4062 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
4066 /* Find driver and parse its options */
4067 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
4069 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
4073 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4074 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4079 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
4080 assert(drv->create_opts);
4082 printf("Creation options for '%s':\n", format);
4083 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->create_opts, false);
4084 printf("\nNote that not all of these options may be amendable.\n");
4088 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
4092 char *options = NULL;
4093 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4094 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4095 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
4098 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
4099 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4100 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
4101 bool image_opts = false;
4103 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
4105 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4106 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4107 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4108 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4111 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
4112 long_options, NULL);
4119 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4122 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4128 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
4130 goto out_no_progress;
4146 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4150 goto out_no_progress;
4153 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4160 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
4163 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4164 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4165 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4167 goto out_no_progress;
4173 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
4175 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
4176 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
4177 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
4178 * given), print option help here */
4179 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4183 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4184 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
4189 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
4190 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
4192 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
4196 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4204 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
4206 if (has_help_option(options)) {
4207 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
4208 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4212 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4213 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4219 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have create_opts */
4220 assert(bs->drv->create_opts);
4222 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
4223 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4224 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
4226 error_report_err(err);
4231 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
4232 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
4233 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, &err);
4234 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
4236 error_report_err(err);
4241 qemu_progress_end();
4245 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4246 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4255 typedef struct BenchData {
4257 uint64_t image_size;
4264 bool drain_on_flush;
4273 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4276 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4281 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4283 BenchData *b = opaque;
4287 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4292 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
4293 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
4294 b->in_flush = false;
4295 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
4296 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
4301 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
4302 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
4303 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
4304 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
4306 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4310 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
4313 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
4315 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
4319 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4325 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
4326 int64_t offset = b->offset;
4327 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
4328 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
4329 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
4332 b->offset += b->step;
4333 b->offset %= b->image_size;
4335 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4337 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4340 error_report("Failed to issue request");
4346 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
4349 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
4351 bool image_opts = false;
4352 bool is_write = false;
4356 size_t bufsize = 4096;
4359 int flush_interval = 0;
4360 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4362 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4363 BenchData data = {};
4365 bool writethrough = false;
4366 struct timeval t1, t2;
4368 bool force_share = false;
4372 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4373 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4374 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4375 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4376 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4377 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4378 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4381 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:ni:o:qs:S:t:wU", long_options,
4389 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4392 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4401 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4402 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4412 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4413 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4423 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4426 ret = bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags);
4428 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
4435 offset = cvtnum("offset", optarg);
4449 sval = cvtnum_full("buffer size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4461 sval = cvtnum_full("step_size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4470 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4472 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4478 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4484 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4488 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4489 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4495 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4499 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4500 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4503 flush_interval = res;
4506 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4507 drain_on_flush = false;
4509 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4515 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4516 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4518 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4520 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4521 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4525 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4526 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4531 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4538 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4539 if (image_size < 0) {
4544 data = (BenchData) {
4546 .image_size = image_size,
4548 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4553 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4554 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4556 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4557 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4558 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4559 data.offset, data.step);
4560 if (flush_interval) {
4561 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4564 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4565 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4566 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4568 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4570 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4571 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4572 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4573 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4574 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4577 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4580 while (data.n > 0) {
4581 main_loop_wait(false);
4583 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4585 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4586 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4587 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4591 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4593 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4610 typedef struct ImgBitmapAction {
4611 enum ImgBitmapAct act;
4612 const char *src; /* only used for merge */
4613 QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(ImgBitmapAction) next;
4616 static int img_bitmap(int argc, char **argv)
4620 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4621 const char *fmt = NULL, *src_fmt = NULL, *src_filename = NULL;
4622 const char *filename, *bitmap;
4623 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *src = NULL;
4624 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *src_bs = NULL;
4625 bool image_opts = false;
4626 int64_t granularity = 0;
4627 bool add = false, merge = false;
4628 QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, ImgBitmapAction) actions;
4629 ImgBitmapAction *act, *act_next;
4632 QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&actions);
4635 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4636 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4637 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4638 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4639 {"add", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ADD},
4640 {"remove", no_argument, 0, OPTION_REMOVE},
4641 {"clear", no_argument, 0, OPTION_CLEAR},
4642 {"enable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ENABLE},
4643 {"disable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_DISABLE},
4644 {"merge", required_argument, 0, OPTION_MERGE},
4645 {"granularity", required_argument, 0, 'g'},
4646 {"source-file", required_argument, 0, 'b'},
4647 {"source-format", required_argument, 0, 'F'},
4650 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":b:f:F:g:h", long_options, NULL);
4657 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4660 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4666 src_filename = optarg;
4675 granularity = cvtnum("granularity", optarg);
4676 if (granularity < 0) {
4681 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4682 act->act = BITMAP_ADD;
4683 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4687 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4688 act->act = BITMAP_REMOVE;
4689 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4692 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4693 act->act = BITMAP_CLEAR;
4694 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4697 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4698 act->act = BITMAP_ENABLE;
4699 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4701 case OPTION_DISABLE:
4702 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4703 act->act = BITMAP_DISABLE;
4704 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4707 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4708 act->act = BITMAP_MERGE;
4710 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4714 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true);
4719 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4725 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4726 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4727 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4731 if (QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&actions)) {
4732 error_report("Need at least one of --add, --remove, --clear, "
4733 "--enable, --disable, or --merge");
4737 if (granularity && !add) {
4738 error_report("granularity only supported with --add");
4741 if (src_fmt && !src_filename) {
4742 error_report("-F only supported with -b");
4745 if (src_filename && !merge) {
4746 error_report("Merge bitmap source file only supported with "
4751 if (optind != argc - 2) {
4752 error_report("Expecting filename and bitmap name");
4756 filename = argv[optind];
4757 bitmap = argv[optind + 1];
4759 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR, false, false,
4766 src = img_open(false, src_filename, src_fmt, 0, false, false, false);
4770 src_bs = blk_bs(src);
4775 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(act, &actions, next, act_next) {
4778 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(bs->node_name, bitmap,
4779 !!granularity, granularity, true, true,
4780 false, false, &err);
4784 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_remove(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4788 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_clear(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4792 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_enable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4795 case BITMAP_DISABLE:
4796 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_disable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4800 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(bs->node_name, bitmap, src_bs->node_name,
4805 g_assert_not_reached();
4809 error_reportf_err(err, "Operation %s on bitmap %s failed: ",
4821 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4837 int bsz; /* Block size */
4845 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4849 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4850 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4855 res = cvtnum_full("bs", arg, 1, INT_MAX);
4860 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4865 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4866 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4869 dd->count = cvtnum("count", arg);
4871 if (dd->count < 0) {
4878 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4879 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4882 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4887 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4888 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4891 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4896 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4897 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4900 in->offset = cvtnum("skip", arg);
4902 if (in->offset < 0) {
4909 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4914 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4915 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4916 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4917 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4918 Error *local_err = NULL;
4919 bool image_opts = false;
4921 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4922 const char *fmt = NULL;
4924 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4925 bool force_share = false;
4926 struct DdInfo dd = {
4931 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4943 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4944 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4945 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4946 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4947 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4948 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4951 const struct option long_options[] = {
4952 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4953 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4954 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4955 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4959 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4971 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4974 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4983 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4988 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4994 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4996 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4998 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
5000 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
5007 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
5008 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
5012 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
5013 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
5018 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
5022 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
5027 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
5028 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
5033 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
5034 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
5035 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
5040 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
5048 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5050 error_report("Unknown file format");
5054 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
5057 error_report_err(local_err);
5061 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5062 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5067 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
5068 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5069 proto_drv->format_name);
5073 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5074 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
5076 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5078 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
5080 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
5085 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
5086 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
5087 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
5090 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
5091 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5092 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
5093 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
5095 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
5096 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
5099 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
5101 error_reportf_err(local_err,
5102 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
5108 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
5109 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
5110 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
5111 * support image-opts style.
5113 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
5114 false, false, false);
5121 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5122 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
5123 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
5124 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
5126 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
5129 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
5132 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
5134 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
5135 int in_ret, out_ret;
5137 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
5138 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
5140 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
5143 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
5150 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
5153 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
5154 strerror(-out_ret));
5163 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5164 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5167 g_free(in.filename);
5168 g_free(out.filename);
5178 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
5182 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
5184 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
5185 visit_complete(v, &obj);
5186 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
5187 assert(str != NULL);
5188 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
5194 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
5196 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5197 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5198 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
5199 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
5200 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
5201 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
5202 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
5205 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5206 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
5208 const char *filename = NULL;
5209 const char *fmt = NULL;
5210 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
5211 char *options = NULL;
5212 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
5213 bool force_share = false;
5214 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
5215 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
5216 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
5217 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
5218 bool image_opts = false;
5219 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
5220 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
5221 Error *local_err = NULL;
5225 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
5226 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5239 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
5244 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
5245 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
5248 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
5253 snapshot_name = optarg;
5260 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
5266 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
5270 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
5271 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
5272 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
5273 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5275 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
5284 sval = cvtnum("image size", optarg);
5288 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
5294 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
5295 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
5296 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
5300 if (argc - optind > 1) {
5301 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
5303 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
5304 filename = argv[optind];
5307 if (!filename && (image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
5308 error_report("--image-opts, -f, and -l require a filename argument.");
5311 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5312 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
5315 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
5316 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
5321 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
5322 false, false, force_share);
5328 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
5329 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
5330 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
5332 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
5333 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
5334 snapshot_name, &local_err);
5337 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
5342 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5344 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5347 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5348 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5353 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5354 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
5355 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5357 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
5359 error_report_err(local_err);
5360 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5364 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5365 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
5368 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
5370 error_report_err(local_err);
5374 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
5375 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
5376 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
5377 if (info->has_bitmaps) {
5378 printf("bitmaps size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->bitmaps);
5381 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
5387 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
5388 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
5389 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5390 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
5391 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5397 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
5398 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
5399 { option, callback },
5400 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
5405 int main(int argc, char **argv)
5407 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
5408 const char *cmdname;
5409 Error *local_error = NULL;
5410 char *trace_file = NULL;
5412 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5413 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5414 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
5415 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
5420 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
5423 error_init(argv[0]);
5424 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
5425 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
5427 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
5428 error_report_err(local_error);
5432 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
5434 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
5437 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
5440 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
5441 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
5442 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
5444 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5447 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
5450 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
5456 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
5460 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
5465 cmdname = argv[optind];
5467 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
5473 qemu_reset_optind();
5475 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
5478 trace_init_file(trace_file);
5479 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
5481 /* find the command */
5482 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
5483 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
5484 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
5489 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);