2 * Block driver for the COW format
4 * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu-common.h"
25 #include "block/block_int.h"
26 #include "qemu/module.h"
28 /**************************************************************/
29 /* COW block driver using file system holes */
31 /* user mode linux compatible COW file */
32 #define COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d /* MOOO */
35 struct cow_header_v2 {
38 char backing_file[1024];
44 typedef struct BDRVCowState {
46 int64_t cow_sectors_offset;
49 static int cow_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
51 const struct cow_header_v2 *cow_header = (const void *)buf;
53 if (buf_size >= sizeof(struct cow_header_v2) &&
54 be32_to_cpu(cow_header->magic) == COW_MAGIC &&
55 be32_to_cpu(cow_header->version) == COW_VERSION)
61 static int cow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
63 BDRVCowState *s = bs->opaque;
64 struct cow_header_v2 cow_header;
69 /* see if it is a cow image */
70 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, 0, &cow_header, sizeof(cow_header));
75 if (be32_to_cpu(cow_header.magic) != COW_MAGIC) {
80 if (be32_to_cpu(cow_header.version) != COW_VERSION) {
82 snprintf(version, sizeof(version),
83 "COW version %d", cow_header.version);
84 qerror_report(QERR_UNKNOWN_BLOCK_FORMAT_FEATURE,
85 bs->device_name, "cow", version);
91 size = be64_to_cpu(cow_header.size);
92 bs->total_sectors = size / 512;
94 pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, sizeof(bs->backing_file),
95 cow_header.backing_file);
97 bitmap_size = ((bs->total_sectors + 7) >> 3) + sizeof(cow_header);
98 s->cow_sectors_offset = (bitmap_size + 511) & ~511;
99 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
106 * XXX(hch): right now these functions are extremely inefficient.
107 * We should just read the whole bitmap we'll need in one go instead.
109 static inline int cow_set_bit(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t bitnum, bool *first)
111 uint64_t offset = sizeof(struct cow_header_v2) + bitnum / 8;
115 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset, &bitmap, sizeof(bitmap));
120 if (bitmap & (1 << (bitnum % 8))) {
125 ret = bdrv_flush(bs->file);
132 bitmap |= (1 << (bitnum % 8));
134 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, offset, &bitmap, sizeof(bitmap));
141 #define BITS_PER_BITMAP_SECTOR (512 * 8)
143 /* Cannot use bitmap.c on big-endian machines. */
144 static int cow_test_bit(int64_t bitnum, const uint8_t *bitmap)
146 return (bitmap[bitnum / 8] & (1 << (bitnum & 7))) != 0;
149 static int cow_find_streak(const uint8_t *bitmap, int value, int start, int nb_sectors)
151 int streak_value = value ? 0xFF : 0;
152 int last = MIN(start + nb_sectors, BITS_PER_BITMAP_SECTOR);
154 while (bitnum < last) {
155 if ((bitnum & 7) == 0 && bitmap[bitnum / 8] == streak_value) {
159 if (cow_test_bit(bitnum, bitmap) == value) {
165 return MIN(bitnum, last) - start;
168 /* Return true if first block has been changed (ie. current version is
169 * in COW file). Set the number of continuous blocks for which that
171 static int coroutine_fn cow_co_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs,
172 int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, int *num_same)
174 int64_t bitnum = sector_num + sizeof(struct cow_header_v2) * 8;
175 uint64_t offset = (bitnum / 8) & -BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
176 uint8_t bitmap[BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE];
180 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset, &bitmap, sizeof(bitmap));
185 bitnum &= BITS_PER_BITMAP_SECTOR - 1;
186 changed = cow_test_bit(bitnum, bitmap);
187 *num_same = cow_find_streak(bitmap, changed, bitnum, nb_sectors);
191 static int cow_update_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
198 for (i = 0; i < nb_sectors; i++) {
199 error = cow_set_bit(bs, sector_num + i, &first);
208 static int coroutine_fn cow_read(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
209 uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
211 BDRVCowState *s = bs->opaque;
214 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
215 if (bdrv_co_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &n)) {
216 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file,
217 s->cow_sectors_offset + sector_num * 512,
223 if (bs->backing_hd) {
224 /* read from the base image */
225 ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing_hd, sector_num, buf, n);
230 memset(buf, 0, n * 512);
240 static coroutine_fn int cow_co_read(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
241 uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
244 BDRVCowState *s = bs->opaque;
245 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
246 ret = cow_read(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors);
247 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
251 static int cow_write(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
252 const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
254 BDRVCowState *s = bs->opaque;
257 ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, s->cow_sectors_offset + sector_num * 512,
258 buf, nb_sectors * 512);
263 return cow_update_bitmap(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors);
266 static coroutine_fn int cow_co_write(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
267 const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
270 BDRVCowState *s = bs->opaque;
271 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
272 ret = cow_write(bs, sector_num, buf, nb_sectors);
273 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
277 static void cow_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
281 static int cow_create(const char *filename, QEMUOptionParameter *options)
283 struct cow_header_v2 cow_header;
285 int64_t image_sectors = 0;
286 const char *image_filename = NULL;
288 BlockDriverState *cow_bs;
290 /* Read out options */
291 while (options && options->name) {
292 if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE)) {
293 image_sectors = options->value.n / 512;
294 } else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE)) {
295 image_filename = options->value.s;
300 ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, options);
305 ret = bdrv_file_open(&cow_bs, filename, NULL, BDRV_O_RDWR);
310 memset(&cow_header, 0, sizeof(cow_header));
311 cow_header.magic = cpu_to_be32(COW_MAGIC);
312 cow_header.version = cpu_to_be32(COW_VERSION);
313 if (image_filename) {
314 /* Note: if no file, we put a dummy mtime */
315 cow_header.mtime = cpu_to_be32(0);
317 if (stat(image_filename, &st) != 0) {
320 cow_header.mtime = cpu_to_be32(st.st_mtime);
322 pstrcpy(cow_header.backing_file, sizeof(cow_header.backing_file),
325 cow_header.sectorsize = cpu_to_be32(512);
326 cow_header.size = cpu_to_be64(image_sectors * 512);
327 ret = bdrv_pwrite(cow_bs, 0, &cow_header, sizeof(cow_header));
332 /* resize to include at least all the bitmap */
333 ret = bdrv_truncate(cow_bs,
334 sizeof(cow_header) + ((image_sectors + 7) >> 3));
344 static QEMUOptionParameter cow_create_options[] = {
346 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
348 .help = "Virtual disk size"
351 .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE,
353 .help = "File name of a base image"
358 static BlockDriver bdrv_cow = {
359 .format_name = "cow",
360 .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVCowState),
362 .bdrv_probe = cow_probe,
363 .bdrv_open = cow_open,
364 .bdrv_close = cow_close,
365 .bdrv_create = cow_create,
366 .bdrv_has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init_1,
368 .bdrv_read = cow_co_read,
369 .bdrv_write = cow_co_write,
370 .bdrv_co_is_allocated = cow_co_is_allocated,
372 .create_options = cow_create_options,
375 static void bdrv_cow_init(void)
377 bdrv_register(&bdrv_cow);
380 block_init(bdrv_cow_init);