3 # Low-level QEMU shell on top of QMP.
5 # Copyright (C) 2009, 2010 Red Hat Inc.
10 # This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
11 # the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
17 # # qemu [...] -qmp unix:./qmp-sock,server
21 # $ qmp-shell ./qmp-sock
23 # Commands have the following format:
25 # < command-name > [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [ arg-nameN=argN ]
29 # (QEMU) device_add driver=e1000 id=net1
33 # key=value pairs also support Python or JSON object literal subset notations,
34 # without spaces. Dictionaries/objects {} are supported as are arrays [].
36 # example-command arg-name1={'key':'value','obj'={'prop':"value"}}
38 # Both JSON and Python formatting should work, including both styles of
39 # string literal quotes. Both paradigms of literal values should work,
40 # including null/true/false for JSON and None/True/False for Python.
43 # Transactions have the following multi-line format:
46 # action-name1 [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [arg-nameN=argN ]
48 # action-nameN [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [arg-nameN=argN ]
51 # One line transactions are also supported:
53 # transaction( action-name1 ... )
58 # TRANS> block-dirty-bitmap-add node=drive0 name=bitmap1
59 # TRANS> block-dirty-bitmap-clear node=drive0 name=bitmap0
64 # Use the -v and -p options to activate the verbose and pretty-print options,
65 # which will echo back the properly formatted JSON-compliant QMP that is being
66 # sent to QEMU, which is useful for debugging and documentation generation.
68 from __future__ import print_function
78 class QMPCompleter(list):
79 def complete(self, text, state):
81 if cmd.startswith(text):
87 class QMPShellError(Exception):
90 class QMPShellBadPort(QMPShellError):
93 class FuzzyJSON(ast.NodeTransformer):
94 '''This extension of ast.NodeTransformer filters literal "true/false/null"
95 values in an AST and replaces them by proper "True/False/None" values that
96 Python can properly evaluate.'''
97 def visit_Name(self, node):
100 if node.id == 'false':
102 if node.id == 'null':
106 # TODO: QMPShell's interface is a bit ugly (eg. _fill_completion() and
107 # _execute_cmd()). Let's design a better one.
108 class QMPShell(qmp.QEMUMonitorProtocol):
109 def __init__(self, address, pretty=False):
110 super(QMPShell, self).__init__(self.__get_address(address))
111 self._greeting = None
112 self._completer = None
113 self._pretty = pretty
114 self._transmode = False
115 self._actions = list()
116 self._histfile = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'),
117 '.qmp-shell_history')
119 def __get_address(self, arg):
121 Figure out if the argument is in the port:host form, if it's not it's
122 probably a file path.
124 addr = arg.split(':')
129 raise QMPShellBadPort
130 return ( addr[0], port )
134 def _fill_completion(self):
135 cmds = self.cmd('query-commands')
138 for cmd in cmds['return']:
139 self._completer.append(cmd['name'])
141 def __completer_setup(self):
142 self._completer = QMPCompleter()
143 self._fill_completion()
144 readline.set_history_length(1024)
145 readline.set_completer(self._completer.complete)
146 readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
147 # XXX: default delimiters conflict with some command names (eg. query-),
148 # clearing everything as it doesn't seem to matter
149 readline.set_completer_delims('')
151 readline.read_history_file(self._histfile)
152 except Exception as e:
153 if isinstance(e, IOError) and e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
154 # File not found. No problem.
157 print("Failed to read history '%s'; %s" % (self._histfile, e))
158 atexit.register(self.__save_history)
160 def __save_history(self):
162 readline.write_history_file(self._histfile)
163 except Exception as e:
164 print("Failed to save history file '%s'; %s" % (self._histfile, e))
166 def __parse_value(self, val):
172 if val.lower() == 'true':
174 if val.lower() == 'false':
176 if val.startswith(('{', '[')):
177 # Try first as pure JSON:
179 return json.loads(val)
182 # Try once again as FuzzyJSON:
184 st = ast.parse(val, mode='eval')
185 return ast.literal_eval(FuzzyJSON().visit(st))
192 def __cli_expr(self, tokens, parent):
194 (key, sep, val) = arg.partition('=')
196 raise QMPShellError("Expected a key=value pair, got '%s'" % arg)
198 value = self.__parse_value(val)
199 optpath = key.split('.')
201 for p in optpath[:-1]:
203 d = parent.get(p, {})
204 if type(d) is not dict:
205 raise QMPShellError('Cannot use "%s" as both leaf and non-leaf key' % '.'.join(curpath))
208 if optpath[-1] in parent:
209 if type(parent[optpath[-1]]) is dict:
210 raise QMPShellError('Cannot use "%s" as both leaf and non-leaf key' % '.'.join(curpath))
212 raise QMPShellError('Cannot set "%s" multiple times' % key)
213 parent[optpath[-1]] = value
215 def __build_cmd(self, cmdline):
217 Build a QMP input object from a user provided command-line in the
220 < command-name > [ arg-name1=arg1 ] ... [ arg-nameN=argN ]
222 cmdargs = cmdline.split()
224 # Transactional CLI entry/exit:
225 if cmdargs[0] == 'transaction(':
226 self._transmode = True
228 elif cmdargs[0] == ')' and self._transmode:
229 self._transmode = False
231 raise QMPShellError("Unexpected input after close of Transaction sub-shell")
232 qmpcmd = { 'execute': 'transaction',
233 'arguments': { 'actions': self._actions } }
234 self._actions = list()
237 # Nothing to process?
241 # Parse and then cache this Transactional Action
244 action = { 'type': cmdargs[0], 'data': {} }
245 if cmdargs[-1] == ')':
248 self.__cli_expr(cmdargs[1:], action['data'])
249 self._actions.append(action)
250 return self.__build_cmd(')') if finalize else None
252 # Standard command: parse and return it to be executed.
253 qmpcmd = { 'execute': cmdargs[0], 'arguments': {} }
254 self.__cli_expr(cmdargs[1:], qmpcmd['arguments'])
257 def _print(self, qmp):
261 jsobj = json.dumps(qmp, indent=indent)
264 def _execute_cmd(self, cmdline):
266 qmpcmd = self.__build_cmd(cmdline)
267 except Exception as e:
268 print('Error while parsing command line: %s' % e)
269 print('command format: <command-name> ', end=' ')
270 print('[arg-name1=arg1] ... [arg-nameN=argN]')
272 # For transaction mode, we may have just cached the action:
277 resp = self.cmd_obj(qmpcmd)
279 print('Disconnected')
284 def connect(self, negotiate):
285 self._greeting = super(QMPShell, self).connect(negotiate)
286 self.__completer_setup()
288 def show_banner(self, msg='Welcome to the QMP low-level shell!'):
290 if not self._greeting:
293 version = self._greeting['QMP']['version']['qemu']
294 print('Connected to QEMU %d.%d.%d\n' % (version['major'],version['minor'],version['micro']))
296 def get_prompt(self):
301 def read_exec_command(self, prompt):
303 Read and execute a command.
305 @return True if execution was ok, return False if disconnected.
308 cmdline = raw_input(prompt)
313 for ev in self.get_events():
318 return self._execute_cmd(cmdline)
320 def set_verbosity(self, verbose):
321 self._verbose = verbose
323 class HMPShell(QMPShell):
324 def __init__(self, address):
325 QMPShell.__init__(self, address)
328 def __cmd_completion(self):
329 for cmd in self.__cmd_passthrough('help')['return'].split('\r\n'):
330 if cmd and cmd[0] != '[' and cmd[0] != '\t':
331 name = cmd.split()[0] # drop help text
334 if name.find('|') != -1:
335 # Command in the form 'foobar|f' or 'f|foobar', take the
337 opt = name.split('|')
342 self._completer.append(name)
343 self._completer.append('help ' + name) # help completion
345 def __info_completion(self):
346 for cmd in self.__cmd_passthrough('info')['return'].split('\r\n'):
348 self._completer.append('info ' + cmd.split()[1])
350 def __other_completion(self):
352 self._completer.append('help info')
354 def _fill_completion(self):
355 self.__cmd_completion()
356 self.__info_completion()
357 self.__other_completion()
359 def __cmd_passthrough(self, cmdline, cpu_index = 0):
360 return self.cmd_obj({ 'execute': 'human-monitor-command', 'arguments':
361 { 'command-line': cmdline,
362 'cpu-index': cpu_index } })
364 def _execute_cmd(self, cmdline):
365 if cmdline.split()[0] == "cpu":
366 # trap the cpu command, it requires special setting
368 idx = int(cmdline.split()[1])
369 if not 'return' in self.__cmd_passthrough('info version', idx):
370 print('bad CPU index')
372 self.__cpu_index = idx
374 print('cpu command takes an integer argument')
376 resp = self.__cmd_passthrough(cmdline, self.__cpu_index)
378 print('Disconnected')
380 assert 'return' in resp or 'error' in resp
383 if len(resp['return']) > 0:
384 print(resp['return'], end=' ')
387 print('%s: %s' % (resp['error']['class'], resp['error']['desc']))
390 def show_banner(self):
391 QMPShell.show_banner(self, msg='Welcome to the HMP shell!')
394 sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % msg)
397 def fail_cmdline(option=None):
399 sys.stderr.write('ERROR: bad command-line option \'%s\'\n' % option)
400 sys.stderr.write('qmp-shell [ -v ] [ -p ] [ -H ] [ -N ] < UNIX socket path> | < TCP address:port >\n')
401 sys.stderr.write(' -v Verbose (echo command sent and received)\n')
402 sys.stderr.write(' -p Pretty-print JSON\n')
403 sys.stderr.write(' -H Use HMP interface\n')
404 sys.stderr.write(' -N Skip negotiate (for qemu-ga)\n')
416 for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
433 qemu = QMPShell(arg, pretty)
438 except QMPShellBadPort:
439 die('bad port number in command-line')
442 qemu.connect(negotiate)
443 except qmp.QMPConnectError:
444 die('Didn\'t get QMP greeting message')
445 except qmp.QMPCapabilitiesError:
446 die('Could not negotiate capabilities')
448 die('Could not connect to %s' % addr)
451 qemu.set_verbosity(verbose)
452 while qemu.read_exec_command(qemu.get_prompt()):
456 if __name__ == '__main__':