2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-common.h"
29 #include "qemu-version.h"
30 #include "qapi/error.h"
31 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
32 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
33 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
37 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
38 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
39 #include "qemu/option.h"
40 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
42 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
43 #include "qemu/module.h"
44 #include "qemu/units.h"
45 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
46 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
47 #include "block/block_int.h"
48 #include "block/blockjob.h"
49 #include "block/qapi.h"
50 #include "crypto/init.h"
51 #include "trace/control.h"
53 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
54 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
56 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
58 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
63 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
65 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
67 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
68 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
69 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
71 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
74 OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO = 268,
85 typedef enum OutputFormat {
90 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
91 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
93 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
98 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
103 error_vreport(fmt, ap);
106 error_printf("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
110 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
112 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
115 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
117 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
120 /* Please keep in synch with docs/tools/qemu-img.rst */
121 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
123 const char *help_msg =
125 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
126 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
128 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
129 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
130 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
131 " specify tracing options\n"
134 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
136 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
139 "Command parameters:\n"
140 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
141 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
142 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
143 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
144 " encryption keys.\n"
145 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
146 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
147 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
148 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
149 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
150 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
151 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
152 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
153 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
154 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
155 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
156 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
157 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
158 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
160 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
161 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
163 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
164 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
165 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
166 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
167 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
168 " to open the backing file.\n"
169 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
170 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
171 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
172 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
173 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
174 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
175 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
177 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
178 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
179 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
181 "Parameters to bitmap subcommand:\n"
182 " 'bitmap' is the name of the bitmap to manipulate, through one or more\n"
183 " actions from '--add', '--remove', '--clear', '--enable', '--disable',\n"
184 " or '--merge source'\n"
185 " '-g granularity' sets the granularity for '--add' actions\n"
186 " '-b source' and '-F src_fmt' tell '--merge' actions to find the source\n"
187 " bitmaps from an alternative file\n"
189 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
190 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
191 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
192 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
193 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
195 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
196 " '--bitmaps' copies all top-level persistent bitmaps to destination\n"
197 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
198 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
199 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
201 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
202 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
203 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
204 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
205 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
206 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
208 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
209 " '-f' first image format\n"
210 " '-F' second image format\n"
211 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
213 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
214 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
216 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
217 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
218 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
219 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
221 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
222 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL, false);
223 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
227 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
229 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
230 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
236 static bool qemu_img_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
238 if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
245 * Is @optarg safe for accumulate_options()?
246 * It is when multiple of them can be joined together separated by ','.
247 * To make that work, @optarg must not start with ',' (or else a
248 * separating ',' preceding it gets escaped), and it must not end with
249 * an odd number of ',' (or else a separating ',' following it gets
250 * escaped), or be empty (or else a separating ',' preceding it can
251 * escape a separating ',' following it).
254 static bool is_valid_option_list(const char *optarg)
256 size_t len = strlen(optarg);
259 if (!optarg[0] || optarg[0] == ',') {
263 for (i = len; i > 0 && optarg[i - 1] == ','; i--) {
272 static int accumulate_options(char **options, char *optarg)
276 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
277 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
282 *options = g_strdup(optarg);
284 new_options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", *options, optarg);
286 *options = new_options;
291 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
293 .implied_opt_name = "file",
294 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
300 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
306 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
313 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
315 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
316 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
317 Error *local_err = NULL;
319 /* Find driver and parse its options */
320 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
322 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
326 if (!drv->create_opts) {
327 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
331 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
333 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
335 error_report_err(local_err);
336 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
339 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
340 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
341 proto_drv->format_name);
342 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
345 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
349 printf("Supported options:\n");
351 printf("Supported %s options:\n", fmt);
353 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts, false);
354 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
358 "The protocol level may support further options.\n"
359 "Specify the target filename to include those options.\n");
366 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
367 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
368 bool quiet, bool force_share)
371 Error *local_err = NULL;
373 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
375 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
376 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
377 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
378 qobject_unref(options);
381 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
383 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
385 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
388 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
393 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
395 const char *fmt, int flags,
396 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
400 Error *local_err = NULL;
403 options = qdict_new();
406 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
410 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
412 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
414 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
417 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
423 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
424 const char *name, const char *value,
427 QDict *options = opaque;
429 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
430 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
437 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
438 const char *filename,
439 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
440 bool quiet, bool force_share)
446 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
449 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
454 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
457 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
464 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
465 const char *base_filename,
466 const char *base_fmt)
471 if (!qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename,
473 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
480 if (!qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err)) {
481 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
490 static int64_t cvtnum_full(const char *name, const char *value, int64_t min,
496 err = qemu_strtosz(value, NULL, &res);
497 if (err < 0 && err != -ERANGE) {
498 error_report("Invalid %s specified. You may use "
499 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for", name);
500 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
501 "petabytes and exabytes.");
504 if (err == -ERANGE || res > max || res < min) {
505 error_report("Invalid %s specified. Must be between %" PRId64
506 " and %" PRId64 ".", name, min, max);
512 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *name, const char *value)
514 return cvtnum_full(name, value, 0, INT64_MAX);
517 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
520 uint64_t img_size = -1;
521 const char *fmt = "raw";
522 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
523 const char *filename;
524 const char *base_filename = NULL;
525 char *options = NULL;
526 Error *local_err = NULL;
531 static const struct option long_options[] = {
532 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
533 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
536 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
543 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
546 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
555 base_filename = optarg;
561 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
569 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
571 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
573 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
582 /* Get the filename */
583 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
584 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
586 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
589 if (optind >= argc) {
590 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
594 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
595 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
596 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
600 /* Get image size, if specified */
604 sval = cvtnum("image size", argv[optind++]);
608 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
610 if (optind != argc) {
611 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
614 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
615 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
617 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
629 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
633 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
635 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
636 visit_complete(v, &obj);
637 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
639 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
645 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
647 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
648 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
650 if (check->corruptions) {
651 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
652 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
659 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
660 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
664 if (check->check_errors) {
667 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
668 check->check_errors);
672 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
673 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
674 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
675 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
676 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
677 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
678 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
679 check->allocated_clusters);
682 if (check->image_end_offset) {
684 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
688 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
690 const char *filename,
695 BdrvCheckResult result;
697 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
702 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
703 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
704 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
705 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
706 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
707 check->leaks = result.leaks;
708 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
709 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
710 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed != 0;
711 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
712 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed != 0;
713 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
714 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
715 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
716 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
717 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
718 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
719 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
720 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
721 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
722 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
728 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
730 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
731 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
732 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
733 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
734 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
736 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
739 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
740 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
742 BlockDriverState *bs;
744 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
748 bool image_opts = false;
749 bool force_share = false;
753 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
756 int option_index = 0;
757 static const struct option long_options[] = {
758 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
759 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
760 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
761 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
762 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
763 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
764 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
767 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
768 long_options, &option_index);
774 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
777 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
786 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
788 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
789 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
790 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
791 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
793 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
794 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
809 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
811 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
817 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
822 if (optind != argc - 1) {
823 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
825 filename = argv[optind++];
827 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
828 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
829 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
830 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
832 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
836 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
837 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
838 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
842 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
844 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
848 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
855 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
856 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
858 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
859 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
864 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
865 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
866 bool has_leaks_fixed, has_corruptions_fixed;
868 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
869 has_leaks_fixed = check->has_leaks_fixed;
870 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
871 has_corruptions_fixed = check->has_corruptions_fixed;
873 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
875 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
876 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
877 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
878 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
880 check->corruptions_fixed);
883 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
884 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
885 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
887 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
888 check->has_leaks_fixed = has_leaks_fixed;
889 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
890 check->has_corruptions_fixed = has_corruptions_fixed;
894 switch (output_format) {
896 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
899 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
904 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
906 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
908 error_report("Check failed");
914 if (check->corruptions) {
916 } else if (check->leaks) {
923 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
928 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
929 BlockDriverState *bs;
931 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
933 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
935 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
938 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
942 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
944 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
947 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
950 float progress = 0.0f;
951 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
952 if (job->job.progress.total) {
953 progress = (float)job->job.progress.current /
954 job->job.progress.total * 100.f;
956 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
957 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
959 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
960 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
964 job_unref(&job->job);
965 aio_context_release(aio_context);
967 /* publish completion progress only when success */
969 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
973 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
976 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
978 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
980 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
982 Error *local_err = NULL;
983 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
984 bool image_opts = false;
985 AioContext *aio_context;
988 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
991 static const struct option long_options[] = {
992 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
993 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
994 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
997 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
1004 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1007 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1032 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1034 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1040 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1046 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1051 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1052 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1054 filename = argv[optind++];
1056 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1057 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1058 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1062 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
1063 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1065 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1069 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1076 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1077 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1080 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1082 error_setg(&local_err,
1083 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1088 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1089 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1090 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1091 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1093 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1098 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1103 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1104 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1105 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1106 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1107 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1108 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1113 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1114 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1115 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1116 * counter here preemptively. */
1121 job = block_job_get("commit");
1123 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1129 BlockBackend *old_backing_blk;
1131 old_backing_blk = blk_new_with_bs(bs, BLK_PERM_WRITE, BLK_PERM_ALL,
1133 if (!old_backing_blk) {
1136 ret = blk_make_empty(old_backing_blk, &local_err);
1137 blk_unref(old_backing_blk);
1138 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
1139 error_free(local_err);
1141 } else if (ret < 0) {
1152 qemu_progress_end();
1157 error_report_err(local_err);
1161 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1166 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1167 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1168 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1171 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1174 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1176 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1177 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1181 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1188 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1191 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1192 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1193 * The function will try to align the end offset to alignment boundaries so
1194 * that the request will at least end aligned and consequtive requests will
1195 * also start at an aligned offset.
1197 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1198 int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1207 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1208 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1210 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1215 tail = (sector_num + i) & (alignment - 1);
1217 if (is_zero && i <= tail) {
1218 /* treat unallocated areas which only consist
1219 * of a small tail as allocated. */
1223 /* align up end offset of allocated areas. */
1224 i += alignment - tail;
1227 /* align down end offset of zero areas. */
1236 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1237 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1238 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1240 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1241 int min, int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1244 int num_checked, num_used;
1250 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1256 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1258 sector_num += *pnum;
1259 num_checked = num_used;
1262 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1264 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1266 sector_num += *pnum;
1267 num_checked += *pnum;
1269 num_used = num_checked;
1270 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1280 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1281 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1283 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1284 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1286 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1287 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1290 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1294 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1296 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1298 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1308 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * MiB)
1311 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1313 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1314 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1315 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1318 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1319 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1320 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1321 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1322 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1323 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1325 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1326 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1327 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1332 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1334 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1335 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1338 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1340 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1349 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1351 * 0 - Images are identical
1353 * >1 - Error occurred
1355 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1357 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1358 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1359 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1360 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1361 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1362 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1363 int allocated1, allocated2;
1364 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1365 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1372 uint64_t progress_base;
1373 bool image_opts = false;
1374 bool force_share = false;
1376 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1378 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1379 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1380 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1381 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1382 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1385 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1386 long_options, NULL);
1392 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1395 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1421 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1423 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1430 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1436 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1442 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1443 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1445 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1446 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1448 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1449 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1450 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1455 /* Initialize before goto out */
1456 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1459 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1461 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1466 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1473 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1482 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1483 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1484 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1485 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1486 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1487 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1491 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1492 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1493 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1494 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1498 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1499 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1501 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1503 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1505 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1509 while (offset < total_size) {
1510 int status1, status2;
1512 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1513 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1517 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1520 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1522 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1523 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1527 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1530 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1532 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1533 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1536 if (status1 != status2) {
1538 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1539 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1543 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1545 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1549 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1550 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1552 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1554 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1558 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1560 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1562 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1566 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1567 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1568 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1569 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1575 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1577 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1578 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1580 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1581 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1588 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1591 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1592 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1593 const char *filename_over;
1595 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1596 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1598 filename_over = filename1;
1601 filename_over = filename2;
1604 while (offset < progress_base) {
1605 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1606 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1610 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1615 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1616 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1617 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1618 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1624 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1628 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1638 qemu_progress_end();
1643 /* Convenience wrapper around qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge */
1644 static void do_dirty_bitmap_merge(const char *dst_node, const char *dst_name,
1645 const char *src_node, const char *src_name,
1648 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource *merge_src;
1649 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList *list;
1651 merge_src = g_new0(BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource, 1);
1652 merge_src->type = QTYPE_QDICT;
1653 merge_src->u.external.node = g_strdup(src_node);
1654 merge_src->u.external.name = g_strdup(src_name);
1655 list = g_new0(BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList, 1);
1656 list->value = merge_src;
1657 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst_node, dst_name, list, errp);
1658 qapi_free_BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList(list);
1661 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1667 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1669 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1671 int64_t *src_sectors;
1673 int64_t total_sectors;
1674 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1675 int64_t allocated_done;
1678 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1679 int64_t sector_next_status;
1680 BlockBackend *target;
1684 bool target_has_backing;
1685 int64_t target_backing_sectors; /* negative if unknown */
1692 size_t cluster_sectors;
1694 long num_coroutines;
1695 int running_coroutines;
1696 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1697 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1702 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1703 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1706 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1707 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1708 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1710 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1714 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1716 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1717 int ret, n, src_cur;
1718 bool post_backing_zero = false;
1720 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1722 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1723 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1725 if (s->target_backing_sectors >= 0) {
1726 if (sector_num >= s->target_backing_sectors) {
1727 post_backing_zero = true;
1728 } else if (sector_num + n > s->target_backing_sectors) {
1729 /* Split requests around target_backing_sectors (because
1730 * starting from there, zeros are handled differently) */
1731 n = s->target_backing_sectors - sector_num;
1735 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1736 uint64_t offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1740 count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1742 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1743 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), offset,
1744 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1746 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1747 offset, count, &count, NULL,
1755 warn_report("error while reading block status at "
1756 "offset %" PRIu64 ": %s", offset,
1759 /* Just try to read the data, then */
1760 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1761 count = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1763 /* Retry on a shorter range */
1764 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(n, 4);
1767 error_report("error while reading block status at offset "
1768 "%" PRIu64 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1774 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1776 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1777 s->status = post_backing_zero ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_ZERO;
1778 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1779 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1781 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1784 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1787 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1788 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1789 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1792 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1793 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1794 * cluster allocated. */
1795 if (s->compressed) {
1796 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1797 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1798 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1800 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1807 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1808 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1810 uint64_t single_read_until = 0;
1813 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1814 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1817 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1820 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1821 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1822 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1823 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1824 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1825 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1827 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1829 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1830 if (single_read_until > offset) {
1834 ret = blk_co_pread(blk, offset, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, 0);
1838 single_read_until = offset + (n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1842 warn_report("error while reading offset %" PRIu64
1843 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1845 memset(buf, 0, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1854 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1861 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1862 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1863 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1867 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1869 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1872 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1873 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1874 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1875 * visible at the respective offset. */
1876 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1880 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1881 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1882 * it as zero sectors.
1883 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1884 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1886 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1888 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse,
1889 sector_num, s->alignment)) ||
1891 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1893 ret = blk_co_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1894 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, flags);
1903 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1904 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1907 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1908 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1909 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1910 BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1919 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1925 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1930 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1933 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1936 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1937 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1938 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1939 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1941 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1943 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1944 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1945 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0, 0);
1956 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1958 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1959 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1963 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1964 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1971 s->running_coroutines++;
1972 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1977 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1980 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1981 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1982 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1985 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1987 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1991 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1992 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1994 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1995 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1997 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1998 * already continue reading beyond this request */
2000 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
2002 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
2003 s->allocated_done += n;
2004 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
2005 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
2009 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
2010 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
2011 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
2013 error_report("error while reading at byte %lld: %s",
2014 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
2017 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
2019 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2022 if (s->wr_in_order) {
2023 /* keep writes in order */
2024 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2025 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
2026 qemu_coroutine_yield();
2028 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
2031 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2033 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
2035 s->copy_range = false;
2039 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
2042 error_report("error while writing at byte %lld: %s",
2043 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
2048 if (s->wr_in_order) {
2049 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
2050 * for this write to complete */
2051 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
2052 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2053 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
2055 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
2056 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
2057 * B will never enter A during this time window.
2059 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2067 s->co[index] = NULL;
2068 s->running_coroutines--;
2069 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2070 /* the convert job finished successfully */
2075 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
2078 int64_t sector_num = 0;
2080 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
2081 if (!s->has_zero_init && s->target_is_new && s->min_sparse &&
2082 !s->target_has_backing) {
2083 s->has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target));
2086 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
2087 * can be copied at a time. */
2088 if (s->compressed) {
2089 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
2090 error_report("invalid cluster size");
2093 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
2096 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
2097 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
2101 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
2103 s->allocated_sectors += n;
2109 s->sector_next_status = 0;
2110 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
2112 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
2113 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2114 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
2115 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
2116 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2119 while (s->running_coroutines) {
2120 main_loop_wait(false);
2123 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
2124 /* signal EOF to align */
2125 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
2134 static int convert_copy_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *src, BlockDriverState *dst)
2136 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bm;
2139 FOR_EACH_DIRTY_BITMAP(src, bm) {
2142 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bm)) {
2145 name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bm);
2146 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(dst->node_name, name,
2147 true, bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bm),
2149 true, !bdrv_dirty_bitmap_enabled(bm),
2152 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to create bitmap %s: ", name);
2156 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst->node_name, name, src->node_name, name,
2159 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to populate bitmap %s: ", name);
2167 #define MAX_BUF_SECTORS 32768
2169 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
2171 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
2172 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
2173 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
2174 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2175 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
2176 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
2177 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
2178 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
2179 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2180 QDict *open_opts = NULL;
2181 char *options = NULL;
2182 Error *local_err = NULL;
2183 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, image_opts = false,
2184 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
2185 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
2186 bool force_share = false;
2187 bool explict_min_sparse = false;
2188 bool bitmaps = false;
2190 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
2191 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
2193 .copy_range = false,
2194 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2195 .wr_in_order = true,
2196 .num_coroutines = 8,
2200 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2201 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2202 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2203 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2204 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2205 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2206 {"salvage", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SALVAGE},
2207 {"target-is-zero", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO},
2208 {"bitmaps", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BITMAPS},
2211 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:Cco:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
2212 long_options, NULL);
2218 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2221 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2233 out_baseimg = optarg;
2236 s.copy_range = true;
2239 s.compressed = true;
2242 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
2247 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2248 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2251 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2256 snapshot_name = optarg;
2263 sval = cvtnum("buffer size for sparse output", optarg);
2266 } else if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(sval, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) ||
2267 sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE > MAX_BUF_SECTORS) {
2268 error_report("Invalid buffer size for sparse output specified. "
2269 "Valid sizes are multiples of %llu up to %llu. Select "
2270 "0 to disable sparse detection (fully allocates output).",
2271 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SECTORS * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2275 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2276 explict_min_sparse = true;
2295 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2296 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2297 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2298 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2303 s.wr_in_order = false;
2308 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2309 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2310 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2317 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2320 case OPTION_SALVAGE:
2323 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2324 tgt_image_opts = true;
2326 case OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO:
2328 * The user asserting that the target is blank has the
2329 * same effect as the target driver supporting zero
2332 s.has_zero_init = true;
2334 case OPTION_BITMAPS:
2340 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2344 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2345 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2346 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2350 if (s.compressed && s.copy_range) {
2351 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used");
2355 if (explict_min_sparse && s.copy_range) {
2356 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used");
2360 if (s.copy_range && s.salvage) {
2361 error_report("Cannot use copy offloading in salvaging mode");
2365 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2366 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2370 if (skip_create && options) {
2371 warn_report("-o has no effect when skipping image creation");
2372 warn_report("This will become an error in future QEMU versions.");
2375 if (s.has_zero_init && !skip_create) {
2376 error_report("--target-is-zero requires use of -n flag");
2380 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2381 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2383 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2385 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2388 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2393 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2394 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2398 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2399 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2401 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2405 /* Initialize before goto out */
2409 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2410 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2412 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2413 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2415 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2416 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2417 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, s.quiet,
2423 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2424 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2425 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2426 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2430 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2434 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2435 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2436 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2438 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2439 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2440 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2445 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2449 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2455 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2456 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2458 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2463 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2465 error_report_err(local_err);
2470 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2471 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2477 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2478 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2479 proto_drv->format_name);
2484 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2485 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2487 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2489 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err)) {
2490 error_report_err(local_err);
2496 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2498 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2504 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2505 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2506 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2507 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2509 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2511 if (s.has_zero_init && s.target_has_backing) {
2512 error_report("Cannot use --target-is-zero when the destination "
2513 "image has a backing file");
2517 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2518 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2519 "concatenating multiple input images");
2524 /* Check if compression is supported */
2527 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2528 const char *encryptfmt =
2529 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2530 const char *preallocation =
2531 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2533 if (drv && !block_driver_can_compress(drv)) {
2534 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2539 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2540 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2547 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2549 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2556 /* Determine if bitmaps need copying */
2558 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2559 error_report("Copying bitmaps only possible with single source");
2563 if (!bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(blk_bs(s.src[0]))) {
2564 error_report("Source lacks bitmap support");
2571 * The later open call will need any decryption secrets, and
2572 * bdrv_create() will purge "opts", so extract them now before
2576 open_opts = qdict_new();
2577 qemu_opt_foreach(opts, img_add_key_secrets, open_opts, &error_abort);
2579 /* Create the new image */
2580 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2582 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2583 out_filename, out_fmt);
2588 s.target_is_new = !skip_create;
2590 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2591 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2593 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2598 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2599 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2601 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2602 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2603 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2604 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2606 s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, open_opts, out_fmt,
2607 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2608 open_opts = NULL; /* blk_new_open will have freed it */
2614 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2616 if (bitmaps && !bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(out_bs)) {
2617 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support bitmaps",
2618 out_bs->drv->format_name);
2623 if (s.compressed && !block_driver_can_compress(out_bs->drv)) {
2624 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2629 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2630 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to
2631 * MAX_BUF_SECTORS as maximum which is currently 32768 (16MB). */
2632 s.buf_sectors = MIN(MAX_BUF_SECTORS,
2634 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2635 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2636 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2638 /* try to align the write requests to the destination to avoid unnecessary
2640 s.alignment = MAX(pow2floor(s.min_sparse),
2641 DIV_ROUND_UP(out_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2643 assert(is_power_of_2(s.alignment));
2646 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2647 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2648 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2649 strerror(-output_sectors));
2652 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2653 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2659 if (s.target_has_backing && s.target_is_new) {
2660 /* Errors are treated as "backing length unknown" (which means
2661 * s.target_backing_sectors has to be negative, which it will
2662 * be automatically). The backing file length is used only
2663 * for optimizations, so such a case is not fatal. */
2664 s.target_backing_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(out_bs->backing->bs);
2666 s.target_backing_sectors = -1;
2669 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2672 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2676 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2677 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2680 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2682 /* Now copy the bitmaps */
2683 if (bitmaps && ret == 0) {
2684 ret = convert_copy_bitmaps(blk_bs(s.src[0]), out_bs);
2689 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2691 qemu_progress_end();
2692 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2693 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2694 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2695 qobject_unref(open_opts);
2696 blk_unref(s.target);
2698 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2699 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2703 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2711 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2713 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2716 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2719 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2720 bdrv_snapshot_dump(NULL);
2722 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2724 bdrv_snapshot_dump(sn);
2730 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2734 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2736 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2737 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2738 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2739 assert(str != NULL);
2740 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2746 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2750 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2752 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2753 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2754 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2755 assert(str != NULL);
2756 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2762 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2764 ImageInfoList *elem;
2767 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2773 bdrv_image_info_dump(elem->value);
2777 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2779 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2783 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2785 * @filename: topmost image filename
2786 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2787 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2788 * false - only topmost image file
2790 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2791 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2794 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2795 const char *filename,
2797 bool chain, bool force_share)
2799 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2800 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2801 GHashTable *filenames;
2804 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2808 BlockDriverState *bs;
2810 ImageInfoList *elem;
2812 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2813 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2817 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2819 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2820 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2827 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2829 error_report_err(err);
2834 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2841 /* Clear parameters that only apply to the topmost image */
2842 filename = fmt = NULL;
2846 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2847 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2848 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2849 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2850 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2851 info->backing_filename);
2854 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2855 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2859 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2863 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2864 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2868 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2871 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2873 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2874 ImageInfoList *list;
2875 bool image_opts = false;
2876 bool force_share = false;
2881 int option_index = 0;
2882 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2883 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2884 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2885 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2886 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2887 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2888 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2889 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2892 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2893 long_options, &option_index);
2899 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2902 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2916 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2919 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2921 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2927 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2932 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2933 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2935 filename = argv[optind++];
2937 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2938 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2939 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2940 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2941 } else if (output) {
2942 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2946 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2947 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2948 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2952 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2958 switch (output_format) {
2960 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2964 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2966 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2971 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2975 static int dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2978 switch (output_format) {
2980 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2981 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2984 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2985 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2986 e->start, e->length,
2987 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2988 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2990 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2991 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2993 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2999 printf("{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
3000 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
3001 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
3002 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
3003 e->data ? "true" : "false");
3004 if (e->has_offset) {
3005 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
3017 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
3018 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
3022 BlockDriverState *file;
3025 char *filename = NULL;
3027 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
3028 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
3034 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
3039 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
3042 bs = backing_bs(bs);
3051 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
3053 if (file && has_offset) {
3054 bdrv_refresh_filename(file);
3055 filename = file->filename;
3061 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
3062 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
3064 .has_offset = has_offset,
3066 .has_filename = filename,
3067 .filename = filename,
3073 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
3075 if (curr->length == 0) {
3078 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
3079 curr->data != next->data ||
3080 curr->depth != next->depth ||
3081 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
3082 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
3085 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
3088 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
3094 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
3097 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3099 BlockDriverState *bs;
3100 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
3102 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
3104 bool image_opts = false;
3105 bool force_share = false;
3106 int64_t start_offset = 0;
3107 int64_t max_length = -1;
3112 int option_index = 0;
3113 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3114 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3115 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
3116 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
3117 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3118 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3119 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3120 {"start-offset", required_argument, 0, 's'},
3121 {"max-length", required_argument, 0, 'l'},
3124 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:s:l:hU",
3125 long_options, &option_index);
3131 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3134 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3149 start_offset = cvtnum("start offset", optarg);
3150 if (start_offset < 0) {
3155 max_length = cvtnum("max length", optarg);
3156 if (max_length < 0) {
3160 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3162 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3168 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3173 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3174 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3176 filename = argv[optind];
3178 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
3179 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
3180 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
3181 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3182 } else if (output) {
3183 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
3187 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3188 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3189 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3193 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
3199 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
3200 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
3201 } else if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3205 length = blk_getlength(blk);
3207 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", filename);
3210 if (max_length != -1) {
3211 length = MIN(start_offset + max_length, length);
3214 curr.start = start_offset;
3215 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
3216 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
3219 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
3220 n = MIN(1 * GiB, length - offset);
3221 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
3224 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
3228 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
3229 curr.length += next.length;
3233 if (curr.length > 0) {
3234 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
3242 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
3243 if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3252 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
3253 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
3254 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
3255 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
3257 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
3260 BlockDriverState *bs;
3261 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
3262 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
3263 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
3268 bool image_opts = false;
3269 bool force_share = false;
3271 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3272 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3274 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3275 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3276 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3277 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3278 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3281 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
3282 long_options, NULL);
3288 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3291 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3298 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3301 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
3302 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
3306 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3309 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
3310 snapshot_name = optarg;
3314 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3317 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
3318 snapshot_name = optarg;
3322 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3325 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
3326 snapshot_name = optarg;
3334 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3336 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3342 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3348 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3349 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3351 filename = argv[optind++];
3353 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3354 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3355 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3359 /* Open the image */
3360 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3367 /* Perform the requested action */
3373 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3374 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3375 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3377 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3378 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3379 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3381 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3383 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3384 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3388 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3389 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3391 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3396 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3397 ret = bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, &sn, snapshot_name);
3399 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': snapshot not "
3400 "found", snapshot_name);
3403 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn.id_str, sn.name, &err);
3405 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3421 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3423 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3424 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3425 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3426 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *prefix_chain_bs = NULL;
3428 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3429 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3430 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3432 bool force_share = false;
3435 Error *local_err = NULL;
3436 bool image_opts = false;
3438 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3440 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3441 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3445 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3446 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3447 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3448 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3449 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3452 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3453 long_options, NULL);
3459 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3462 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3471 out_basefmt = optarg;
3474 out_baseimg = optarg;
3491 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3493 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3499 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3512 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3513 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3515 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3516 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3518 filename = argv[optind++];
3520 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3521 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3522 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3526 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3527 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3529 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3530 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3532 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3537 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3539 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3543 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3544 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3545 (void) src_writethrough;
3550 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3551 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3553 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3561 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3562 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3563 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3569 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3571 QDict *options = NULL;
3572 BlockDriverState *base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
3575 blk_old_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3576 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3578 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_old_backing, base_bs,
3581 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3582 "Could not reuse old backing file '%s': ",
3587 blk_old_backing = NULL;
3590 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3591 const char *overlay_filename;
3592 char *out_real_path;
3594 options = qdict_new();
3596 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3599 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3602 bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
3603 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3606 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3610 qobject_unref(options);
3611 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3612 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3618 * Find out whether we rebase an image on top of a previous image
3621 prefix_chain_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, out_real_path);
3622 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3623 qobject_unref(options);
3624 g_free(out_real_path);
3626 blk_new_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3627 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3629 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_new_backing, prefix_chain_bs,
3632 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3633 "Could not reuse backing file '%s': ",
3638 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3639 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3640 g_free(out_real_path);
3641 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3642 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3643 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3653 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3654 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3655 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3656 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3658 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3659 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3663 int64_t old_backing_size = 0;
3664 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3667 float local_progress = 0;
3669 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3670 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3672 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3674 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3675 filename, strerror(-size));
3679 if (blk_old_backing) {
3680 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3681 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3682 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3684 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name,
3685 sizeof(backing_name));
3686 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3687 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3692 if (blk_new_backing) {
3693 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3694 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3695 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3696 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3703 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3706 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3707 bool buf_old_is_zero = false;
3709 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3710 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3712 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3713 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3715 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3723 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3725 * If cluster wasn't changed since prefix_chain, we don't need
3728 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(backing_bs(bs), prefix_chain_bs,
3729 false, offset, n, &n);
3731 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3741 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3742 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3744 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3745 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3746 buf_old_is_zero = true;
3748 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3749 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3752 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3754 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3759 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3760 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3762 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3763 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3766 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3768 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3773 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3774 uint64_t written = 0;
3776 while (written < n) {
3779 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3780 n - written, &pnum))
3782 if (buf_old_is_zero) {
3783 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset + written, pnum, 0);
3785 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3786 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3789 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3797 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3802 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3803 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3804 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3806 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3807 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3809 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3812 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3813 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3814 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3815 } else if (ret < 0) {
3816 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3817 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3820 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3822 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3823 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3824 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3825 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3828 qemu_progress_end();
3831 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3832 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3834 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3835 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3844 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3847 int c, ret, relative;
3848 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3849 int64_t n, total_size, current_size;
3851 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3852 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3855 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3856 .name = "resize_options",
3857 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3860 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3861 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3862 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3868 bool image_opts = false;
3869 bool shrink = false;
3871 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3872 * as options by getopt. */
3874 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3878 size = argv[--argc];
3880 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3883 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3884 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3885 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3886 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3887 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3888 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3891 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3892 long_options, NULL);
3898 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3901 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3912 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3914 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3920 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3923 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3924 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3925 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3926 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3927 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3936 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3937 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3939 filename = argv[optind++];
3941 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3942 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3943 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3947 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3963 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3964 if (!qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err)) {
3965 error_report_err(err);
3967 qemu_opts_del(param);
3970 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3971 qemu_opts_del(param);
3973 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3974 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3981 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3982 if (current_size < 0) {
3983 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3984 strerror(-current_size));
3990 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3994 if (total_size <= 0) {
3995 error_report("New image size must be positive");
4000 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
4001 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
4006 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
4007 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
4008 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
4009 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
4011 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
4013 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
4017 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
4018 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
4019 "shrink images without this option.");
4024 * The user expects the image to have the desired size after
4025 * resizing, so pass @exact=true. It is of no use to report
4026 * success when the image has not actually been resized.
4028 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, true, prealloc, 0, &err);
4030 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
4032 error_report_err(err);
4042 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
4043 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
4046 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
4049 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
4053 /* Find driver and parse its options */
4054 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
4056 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
4060 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4061 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4066 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have amend_opts */
4067 assert(drv->amend_opts);
4069 printf("Amend options for '%s':\n", format);
4070 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->amend_opts, false);
4074 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
4078 char *options = NULL;
4079 QemuOptsList *amend_opts = NULL;
4080 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4081 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
4084 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
4085 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4086 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
4087 bool image_opts = false;
4090 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
4092 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4093 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4094 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4095 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4096 {"force", no_argument, 0, OPTION_FORCE},
4099 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
4100 long_options, NULL);
4107 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4110 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4116 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
4118 goto out_no_progress;
4134 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4138 goto out_no_progress;
4141 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4151 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
4154 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4155 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4156 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4158 goto out_no_progress;
4164 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
4166 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
4167 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
4168 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
4169 * given), print option help here */
4170 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4174 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4175 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
4180 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
4181 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
4183 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
4187 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4195 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
4197 if (has_help_option(options)) {
4198 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
4199 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4203 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4204 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4210 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have amend_opts */
4211 assert(bs->drv->amend_opts);
4213 amend_opts = qemu_opts_append(amend_opts, bs->drv->amend_opts);
4214 opts = qemu_opts_create(amend_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4215 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err)) {
4216 /* Try to parse options using the create options */
4218 amend_opts = qemu_opts_append(amend_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
4219 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4220 opts = qemu_opts_create(amend_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4221 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err1);
4224 error_append_hint(&err,
4225 "This option is only supported for image creation\n");
4230 error_report_err(err);
4235 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
4236 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
4237 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, force, &err);
4238 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
4240 error_report_err(err);
4245 qemu_progress_end();
4249 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4250 qemu_opts_free(amend_opts);
4259 typedef struct BenchData {
4261 uint64_t image_size;
4268 bool drain_on_flush;
4277 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4280 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4285 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4287 BenchData *b = opaque;
4291 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4296 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
4297 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
4298 b->in_flush = false;
4299 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
4300 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
4305 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
4306 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
4307 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
4308 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
4310 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4314 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
4317 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
4319 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
4323 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4329 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
4330 int64_t offset = b->offset;
4331 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
4332 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
4333 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
4336 b->offset += b->step;
4337 b->offset %= b->image_size;
4339 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4341 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4344 error_report("Failed to issue request");
4350 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
4353 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
4355 bool image_opts = false;
4356 bool is_write = false;
4360 size_t bufsize = 4096;
4363 int flush_interval = 0;
4364 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4366 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4367 BenchData data = {};
4369 bool writethrough = false;
4370 struct timeval t1, t2;
4372 bool force_share = false;
4376 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4377 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4378 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4379 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4380 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4381 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4382 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4385 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:ni:o:qs:S:t:wU", long_options,
4393 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4396 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4405 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4406 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4416 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4417 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4427 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4430 ret = bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags);
4432 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
4439 offset = cvtnum("offset", optarg);
4453 sval = cvtnum_full("buffer size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4465 sval = cvtnum_full("step_size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4474 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4476 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4482 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4488 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4492 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4493 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4499 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4503 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4504 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4507 flush_interval = res;
4510 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4511 drain_on_flush = false;
4513 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4519 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4520 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4522 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4524 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4525 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4529 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4530 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4535 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4542 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4543 if (image_size < 0) {
4548 data = (BenchData) {
4550 .image_size = image_size,
4552 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4557 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4558 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4560 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4561 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4562 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4563 data.offset, data.step);
4564 if (flush_interval) {
4565 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4568 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4569 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4570 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4572 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4574 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4575 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4576 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4577 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4578 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4581 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4584 while (data.n > 0) {
4585 main_loop_wait(false);
4587 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4589 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4590 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4591 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4595 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4597 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4614 typedef struct ImgBitmapAction {
4615 enum ImgBitmapAct act;
4616 const char *src; /* only used for merge */
4617 QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(ImgBitmapAction) next;
4620 static int img_bitmap(int argc, char **argv)
4624 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4625 const char *fmt = NULL, *src_fmt = NULL, *src_filename = NULL;
4626 const char *filename, *bitmap;
4627 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *src = NULL;
4628 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *src_bs = NULL;
4629 bool image_opts = false;
4630 int64_t granularity = 0;
4631 bool add = false, merge = false;
4632 QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, ImgBitmapAction) actions;
4633 ImgBitmapAction *act, *act_next;
4636 QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&actions);
4639 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4640 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4641 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4642 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4643 {"add", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ADD},
4644 {"remove", no_argument, 0, OPTION_REMOVE},
4645 {"clear", no_argument, 0, OPTION_CLEAR},
4646 {"enable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ENABLE},
4647 {"disable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_DISABLE},
4648 {"merge", required_argument, 0, OPTION_MERGE},
4649 {"granularity", required_argument, 0, 'g'},
4650 {"source-file", required_argument, 0, 'b'},
4651 {"source-format", required_argument, 0, 'F'},
4654 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":b:f:F:g:h", long_options, NULL);
4661 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4664 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4670 src_filename = optarg;
4679 granularity = cvtnum("granularity", optarg);
4680 if (granularity < 0) {
4685 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4686 act->act = BITMAP_ADD;
4687 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4691 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4692 act->act = BITMAP_REMOVE;
4693 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4696 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4697 act->act = BITMAP_CLEAR;
4698 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4701 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4702 act->act = BITMAP_ENABLE;
4703 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4705 case OPTION_DISABLE:
4706 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4707 act->act = BITMAP_DISABLE;
4708 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4711 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4712 act->act = BITMAP_MERGE;
4714 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4718 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true);
4723 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4729 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4730 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4731 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4735 if (QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&actions)) {
4736 error_report("Need at least one of --add, --remove, --clear, "
4737 "--enable, --disable, or --merge");
4741 if (granularity && !add) {
4742 error_report("granularity only supported with --add");
4745 if (src_fmt && !src_filename) {
4746 error_report("-F only supported with -b");
4749 if (src_filename && !merge) {
4750 error_report("Merge bitmap source file only supported with "
4755 if (optind != argc - 2) {
4756 error_report("Expecting filename and bitmap name");
4760 filename = argv[optind];
4761 bitmap = argv[optind + 1];
4763 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR, false, false,
4770 src = img_open(false, src_filename, src_fmt, 0, false, false, false);
4774 src_bs = blk_bs(src);
4779 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(act, &actions, next, act_next) {
4782 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(bs->node_name, bitmap,
4783 !!granularity, granularity, true, true,
4784 false, false, &err);
4788 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_remove(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4792 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_clear(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4796 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_enable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4799 case BITMAP_DISABLE:
4800 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_disable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4804 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(bs->node_name, bitmap, src_bs->node_name,
4809 g_assert_not_reached();
4813 error_reportf_err(err, "Operation %s on bitmap %s failed: ",
4825 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4841 int bsz; /* Block size */
4849 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4853 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4854 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4859 res = cvtnum_full("bs", arg, 1, INT_MAX);
4864 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4869 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4870 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4873 dd->count = cvtnum("count", arg);
4875 if (dd->count < 0) {
4882 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4883 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4886 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4891 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4892 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4895 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4900 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4901 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4904 in->offset = cvtnum("skip", arg);
4906 if (in->offset < 0) {
4913 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4918 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4919 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4920 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4921 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4922 Error *local_err = NULL;
4923 bool image_opts = false;
4925 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4926 const char *fmt = NULL;
4928 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4929 bool force_share = false;
4930 struct DdInfo dd = {
4935 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4947 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4948 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4949 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4950 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4951 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4952 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4955 const struct option long_options[] = {
4956 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4957 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4958 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4959 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4963 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4975 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4978 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4987 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4992 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4998 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
5000 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
5002 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
5004 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
5011 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
5012 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
5016 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
5017 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
5022 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
5026 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
5031 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
5032 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
5037 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
5038 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
5039 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
5044 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
5052 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5054 error_report("Unknown file format");
5058 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
5061 error_report_err(local_err);
5065 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5066 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5071 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
5072 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5073 proto_drv->format_name);
5077 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5078 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
5080 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5082 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
5084 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
5089 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
5090 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
5091 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
5094 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
5095 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5096 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
5097 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
5099 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
5100 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
5103 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
5105 error_reportf_err(local_err,
5106 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
5112 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
5113 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
5114 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
5115 * support image-opts style.
5117 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
5118 false, false, false);
5125 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5126 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
5127 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
5128 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
5130 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
5133 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
5136 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
5138 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
5139 int in_ret, out_ret;
5141 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
5142 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
5144 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
5147 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
5154 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
5157 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
5158 strerror(-out_ret));
5167 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5168 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5171 g_free(in.filename);
5172 g_free(out.filename);
5182 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
5186 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
5188 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
5189 visit_complete(v, &obj);
5190 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
5191 assert(str != NULL);
5192 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
5198 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
5200 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5201 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5202 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
5203 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
5204 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
5205 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
5206 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
5209 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5210 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
5212 const char *filename = NULL;
5213 const char *fmt = NULL;
5214 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
5215 char *options = NULL;
5216 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
5217 bool force_share = false;
5218 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
5219 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
5220 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
5221 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
5222 bool image_opts = false;
5223 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
5224 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
5225 Error *local_err = NULL;
5229 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
5230 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5243 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
5248 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
5249 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
5252 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
5257 snapshot_name = optarg;
5264 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
5270 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
5274 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
5275 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
5276 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
5277 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5279 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
5288 sval = cvtnum("image size", optarg);
5292 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
5298 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
5299 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
5300 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
5304 if (argc - optind > 1) {
5305 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
5307 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
5308 filename = argv[optind];
5311 if (!filename && (image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
5312 error_report("--image-opts, -f, and -l require a filename argument.");
5315 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5316 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
5319 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
5320 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
5325 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
5326 false, false, force_share);
5332 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
5333 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
5334 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
5336 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
5337 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
5338 snapshot_name, &local_err);
5341 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
5346 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5348 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5351 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5352 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5357 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5358 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
5359 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5361 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err)) {
5362 error_report_err(local_err);
5363 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5367 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5368 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
5371 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
5373 error_report_err(local_err);
5377 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
5378 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
5379 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
5380 if (info->has_bitmaps) {
5381 printf("bitmaps size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->bitmaps);
5384 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
5390 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
5391 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
5392 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5393 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
5394 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5400 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
5401 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
5402 { option, callback },
5403 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
5408 int main(int argc, char **argv)
5410 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
5411 const char *cmdname;
5412 Error *local_error = NULL;
5413 char *trace_file = NULL;
5415 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5416 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5417 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
5418 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
5423 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
5426 error_init(argv[0]);
5427 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
5428 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
5430 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
5431 error_report_err(local_error);
5435 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
5437 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
5440 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
5443 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
5444 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
5445 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
5447 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5450 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
5453 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
5459 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
5463 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
5468 cmdname = argv[optind];
5470 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
5476 qemu_reset_optind();
5478 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
5481 trace_init_file(trace_file);
5482 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
5484 /* find the command */
5485 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
5486 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
5487 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
5492 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);