2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-version.h"
29 #include "qapi/error.h"
30 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
31 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
32 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
35 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
36 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
37 #include "qemu/option.h"
38 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
40 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
42 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
43 #include "block/block_int.h"
44 #include "block/blockjob.h"
45 #include "block/qapi.h"
46 #include "crypto/init.h"
47 #include "trace/control.h"
49 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
50 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
52 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
54 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
59 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
61 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
63 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
64 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
65 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
67 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
71 typedef enum OutputFormat {
76 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
77 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
79 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
84 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
88 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
91 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
94 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
98 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
100 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
103 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
105 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
108 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
109 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
111 const char *help_msg =
113 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
114 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
116 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
117 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
118 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
119 " specify tracing options\n"
122 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
124 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
128 "Command parameters:\n"
129 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
130 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
131 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
132 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
133 " encryption keys.\n"
134 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
135 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
136 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
137 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
138 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
139 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
140 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
141 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
142 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
143 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
144 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
145 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
146 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
147 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
149 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
150 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
152 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
154 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
155 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
156 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
157 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
158 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
159 " to open the backing file.\n"
160 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
161 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
162 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
163 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
164 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
165 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
166 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
168 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
169 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
170 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
172 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
173 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
174 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
175 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
176 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
178 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
179 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
180 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
181 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
183 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
184 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
185 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
186 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
187 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
188 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
190 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
191 " '-f' first image format\n"
192 " '-F' second image format\n"
193 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
195 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
196 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
198 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
199 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
200 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
201 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
203 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
204 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
205 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
209 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
211 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
212 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
218 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
220 .implied_opt_name = "file",
221 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
227 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
233 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
240 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
242 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
243 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
244 Error *local_err = NULL;
246 /* Find driver and parse its options */
247 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
249 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
253 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
255 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
257 error_report_err(local_err);
258 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
261 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
264 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
265 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
270 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
271 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
272 bool quiet, bool force_share)
275 Error *local_err = NULL;
277 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
279 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
280 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
281 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
282 qobject_unref(options);
285 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
287 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
289 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
292 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
297 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
299 const char *fmt, int flags,
300 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
304 Error *local_err = NULL;
307 options = qdict_new();
310 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
314 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
316 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
318 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
321 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
327 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
328 const char *name, const char *value,
331 QDict *options = opaque;
333 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
334 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
340 static BlockBackend *img_open_new_file(const char *filename,
341 QemuOpts *create_opts,
342 const char *fmt, int flags,
343 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
346 QDict *options = NULL;
348 options = qdict_new();
349 qemu_opt_foreach(create_opts, img_add_key_secrets, options, &error_abort);
351 return img_open_file(filename, options, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
356 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
357 const char *filename,
358 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
359 bool quiet, bool force_share)
365 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
368 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
373 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
376 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
383 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
384 const char *base_filename,
385 const char *base_fmt)
390 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
392 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
399 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
401 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
410 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
415 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
419 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
425 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
428 uint64_t img_size = -1;
429 const char *fmt = "raw";
430 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
431 const char *filename;
432 const char *base_filename = NULL;
433 char *options = NULL;
434 Error *local_err = NULL;
439 static const struct option long_options[] = {
440 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
441 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
444 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
451 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
454 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
463 base_filename = optarg;
469 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
470 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
474 options = g_strdup(optarg);
476 char *old_options = options;
477 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
485 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
487 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
489 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
498 /* Get the filename */
499 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
500 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
502 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
505 if (optind >= argc) {
506 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
510 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
511 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
516 /* Get image size, if specified */
520 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
522 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
523 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
525 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
526 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
527 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
528 "petabytes and exabytes.");
532 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
534 if (optind != argc) {
535 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
538 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
539 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
541 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
553 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
557 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
559 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
560 visit_complete(v, &obj);
561 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
563 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
569 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
571 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
572 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
574 if (check->corruptions) {
575 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
576 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
583 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
584 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
588 if (check->check_errors) {
591 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
592 check->check_errors);
596 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
597 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
598 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
599 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
600 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
601 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
602 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
603 check->allocated_clusters);
606 if (check->image_end_offset) {
608 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
612 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
614 const char *filename,
619 BdrvCheckResult result;
621 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
626 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
627 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
628 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
629 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
630 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
631 check->leaks = result.leaks;
632 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
633 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
634 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
635 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
636 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
637 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
638 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
639 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
640 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
641 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
642 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
643 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
644 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
645 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
646 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
652 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
654 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
655 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
656 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
657 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
658 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
660 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
663 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
664 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
666 BlockDriverState *bs;
668 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
672 bool image_opts = false;
673 bool force_share = false;
677 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
680 int option_index = 0;
681 static const struct option long_options[] = {
682 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
683 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
684 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
685 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
686 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
687 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
688 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
691 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
692 long_options, &option_index);
698 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
701 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
710 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
712 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
713 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
714 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
715 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
717 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
718 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
733 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
735 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
741 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
746 if (optind != argc - 1) {
747 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
749 filename = argv[optind++];
751 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
752 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
753 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
754 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
756 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
760 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
761 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
766 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
768 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
772 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
779 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
780 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
782 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
783 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
788 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
789 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
791 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
792 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
794 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
796 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
797 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
798 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
799 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
801 check->corruptions_fixed);
804 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
806 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
807 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
811 switch (output_format) {
813 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
816 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
821 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
823 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
825 error_report("Check failed");
831 if (check->corruptions) {
833 } else if (check->leaks) {
840 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
845 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
846 BlockDriverState *bs;
848 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
850 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
852 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
855 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
859 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
861 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
864 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
867 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
868 qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
869 ((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
870 } while (!job->ready && !job->completed);
872 if (!job->completed) {
873 ret = block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
877 block_job_unref(job);
878 aio_context_release(aio_context);
880 /* publish completion progress only when success */
882 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
886 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
889 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
891 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
893 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
895 Error *local_err = NULL;
896 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
897 bool image_opts = false;
898 AioContext *aio_context;
901 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
904 static const struct option long_options[] = {
905 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
906 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
907 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
910 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
917 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
920 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
945 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
947 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
953 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
959 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
964 if (optind != argc - 1) {
965 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
967 filename = argv[optind++];
969 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
970 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
975 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
976 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
978 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
982 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
989 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
990 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
993 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
995 error_setg(&local_err,
996 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1001 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1002 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1003 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1004 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1006 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1011 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1016 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1017 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1018 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, BLOCK_JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1019 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1020 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1021 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1026 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1027 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1028 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1029 * counter here preemptively. */
1034 job = block_job_get("commit");
1035 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1040 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1041 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1043 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1055 qemu_progress_end();
1060 error_report_err(local_err);
1064 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1069 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1070 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1071 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1074 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1077 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1079 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1080 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1084 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1091 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1094 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1095 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1097 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
1106 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1107 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1109 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1118 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1119 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1120 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1122 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1126 int num_checked, num_used;
1132 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1138 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1140 num_checked = num_used;
1143 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1145 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1147 num_checked += *pnum;
1149 num_used = num_checked;
1150 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1160 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1161 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1163 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1164 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1166 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1167 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1170 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1174 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1176 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1178 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1188 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1191 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1193 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1194 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1195 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1198 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1199 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1200 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1201 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1202 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1203 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1205 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1206 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1207 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1212 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1214 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1215 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1218 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1220 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1229 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1231 * 0 - Images are identical
1233 * >1 - Error occurred
1235 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1237 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1238 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1239 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1240 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1241 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1242 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1243 int allocated1, allocated2;
1244 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1245 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1252 uint64_t progress_base;
1253 bool image_opts = false;
1254 bool force_share = false;
1256 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1258 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1259 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1260 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1261 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1262 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1265 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1266 long_options, NULL);
1272 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1275 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1301 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1303 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1310 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1316 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1322 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1323 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1325 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1326 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1328 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1329 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1335 /* Initialize before goto out */
1336 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1339 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1341 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1346 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1353 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1362 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1363 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1364 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1365 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1366 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1367 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1371 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1372 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1373 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1374 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1378 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1379 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1381 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1383 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1385 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1389 while (offset < total_size) {
1390 int status1, status2;
1392 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1393 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1397 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1400 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1402 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1403 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1407 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1410 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1412 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1413 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1416 if (status1 != status2) {
1418 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1419 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1423 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1425 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1429 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1430 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1432 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1434 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1438 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1440 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1442 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1446 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1447 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1448 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1449 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1455 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1457 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1458 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1460 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1461 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1468 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1471 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1472 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1473 const char *filename_over;
1475 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1476 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1478 filename_over = filename1;
1481 filename_over = filename2;
1484 while (offset < progress_base) {
1485 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1486 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1490 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1495 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1496 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1497 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1498 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1504 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1508 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1518 qemu_progress_end();
1523 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1529 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1531 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1533 int64_t *src_sectors;
1535 int64_t total_sectors;
1536 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1537 int64_t allocated_done;
1540 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1541 int64_t sector_next_status;
1542 BlockBackend *target;
1545 bool target_has_backing;
1548 size_t cluster_sectors;
1550 long num_coroutines;
1551 int running_coroutines;
1552 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1553 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1558 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1559 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1562 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1563 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1564 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1566 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1570 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1572 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1573 int ret, n, src_cur;
1575 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1577 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1578 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1580 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1581 int64_t count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1583 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1585 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1586 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1588 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1590 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1591 (sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
1593 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1598 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1600 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1601 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1602 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1603 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1605 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1608 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1611 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1612 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1613 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1616 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1617 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1618 * cluster allocated. */
1619 if (s->compressed) {
1620 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1621 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1622 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1624 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1631 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1632 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1638 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1639 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1642 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1644 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1645 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1646 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1647 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1648 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1649 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1651 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1653 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1654 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1656 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1657 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1658 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1665 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1672 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1673 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1674 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1680 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1682 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1685 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1686 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1687 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1688 * visible at the respective offset. */
1689 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1693 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1694 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1695 * it as zero sectors.
1696 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1697 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1699 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1701 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse)) ||
1703 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1706 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1707 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1709 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1710 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
1719 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1720 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1723 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1724 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1725 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1734 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1740 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1742 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1743 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1747 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1748 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1755 s->running_coroutines++;
1756 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1761 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1763 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1764 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1765 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1768 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1770 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1774 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1775 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1777 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1778 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1780 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1781 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1783 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1785 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1786 s->allocated_done += n;
1787 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1788 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1791 if (status == BLK_DATA) {
1792 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1794 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1795 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1798 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1800 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1803 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1804 /* keep writes in order */
1805 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1806 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1807 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1809 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1812 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1813 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1815 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1816 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1821 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1822 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1823 * for this write to complete */
1824 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1825 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1826 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1828 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1829 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1830 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1832 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1840 s->co[index] = NULL;
1841 s->running_coroutines--;
1842 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1843 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1848 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1851 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1853 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1854 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1855 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1858 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1859 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1861 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1863 s->has_zero_init = true;
1867 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1868 * can be copied at a time. */
1869 if (s->compressed) {
1870 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1871 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1874 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1877 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1878 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1882 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1884 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1890 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1891 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1893 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1894 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1895 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1896 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1897 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1900 while (s->running_coroutines) {
1901 main_loop_wait(false);
1904 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1905 /* signal EOF to align */
1906 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1915 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1917 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
1918 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
1919 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
1920 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1921 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
1922 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1923 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
1924 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
1925 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1926 char *options = NULL;
1927 Error *local_err = NULL;
1928 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
1929 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
1930 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
1931 bool force_share = false;
1933 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
1934 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1936 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1937 .wr_in_order = true,
1938 .num_coroutines = 8,
1942 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1943 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1944 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1945 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1946 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1947 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
1950 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:co:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
1951 long_options, NULL);
1957 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1960 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1972 out_baseimg = optarg;
1975 s.compressed = true;
1978 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1979 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1983 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1985 char *old_options = options;
1986 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1987 g_free(old_options);
1991 snapshot_name = optarg;
1994 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1995 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
1998 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2003 snapshot_name = optarg;
2010 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2012 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
2016 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2035 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2036 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2037 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2038 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2043 s.wr_in_order = false;
2048 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2049 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2050 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2057 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2060 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2061 tgt_image_opts = true;
2066 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2070 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2071 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2076 if (!s.wr_in_order && s.compressed) {
2077 error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
2081 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2082 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2086 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2087 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2089 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2091 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2094 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2099 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2100 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2105 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2106 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2108 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2112 /* Initialize before goto out */
2116 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2117 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2119 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2120 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2122 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2123 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2124 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
2130 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2131 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2132 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2133 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2137 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2141 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2142 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2143 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2145 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2146 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2147 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2152 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2156 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2162 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2163 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2165 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2170 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2172 error_report_err(local_err);
2177 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2178 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2184 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2185 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2186 proto_drv->format_name);
2191 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2192 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2194 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2196 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2198 error_report_err(local_err);
2204 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2206 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2212 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2213 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2214 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2215 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2217 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2219 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2220 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2221 "concatenating multiple input images");
2226 /* Check if compression is supported */
2229 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2230 const char *encryptfmt =
2231 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2232 const char *preallocation =
2233 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2235 if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2236 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2241 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2242 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2249 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2251 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2259 /* Create the new image */
2260 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2262 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2263 out_filename, out_fmt);
2268 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2269 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2271 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2276 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2277 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2279 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2280 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2281 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2282 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2284 s.target = img_open_new_file(out_filename, opts, out_fmt,
2285 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2291 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2293 if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2294 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2299 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2300 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2302 s.buf_sectors = MIN(32768,
2304 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2305 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2306 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2309 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2310 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2311 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2312 strerror(-output_sectors));
2315 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2316 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2322 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2325 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2329 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2330 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2333 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2336 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2338 qemu_progress_end();
2339 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2340 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2341 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2342 blk_unref(s.target);
2344 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2345 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2349 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2357 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2359 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2362 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2365 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2366 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2368 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2370 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2376 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2380 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2382 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2383 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2384 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2385 assert(str != NULL);
2386 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2392 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2396 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2398 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2399 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2400 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2401 assert(str != NULL);
2402 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2408 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2410 ImageInfoList *elem;
2413 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2419 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2423 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2425 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2429 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2431 * @filename: topmost image filename
2432 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2433 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2434 * false - only topmost image file
2436 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2437 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2440 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2441 const char *filename,
2443 bool chain, bool force_share)
2445 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2446 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2447 GHashTable *filenames;
2450 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2454 BlockDriverState *bs;
2456 ImageInfoList *elem;
2458 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2459 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2463 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2465 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2466 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2473 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2475 error_report_err(err);
2480 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2487 filename = fmt = NULL;
2489 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2490 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2491 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2492 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2493 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2494 info->backing_filename);
2497 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2498 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2502 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2506 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2507 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2511 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2514 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2516 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2517 ImageInfoList *list;
2518 bool image_opts = false;
2519 bool force_share = false;
2524 int option_index = 0;
2525 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2526 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2527 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2528 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2529 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2530 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2531 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2532 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2535 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2536 long_options, &option_index);
2542 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2545 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2559 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2562 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2564 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2570 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2575 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2576 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2578 filename = argv[optind++];
2580 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2581 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2582 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2583 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2584 } else if (output) {
2585 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2589 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2590 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2595 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2601 switch (output_format) {
2603 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2607 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2609 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2614 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2618 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2621 switch (output_format) {
2623 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2624 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2627 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2628 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2629 e->start, e->length,
2630 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2631 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2633 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2634 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2636 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2642 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2643 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2644 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2645 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2646 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2647 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2648 if (e->has_offset) {
2649 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2660 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
2661 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
2665 BlockDriverState *file;
2669 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2670 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2676 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
2681 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2684 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2693 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2698 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2699 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2701 .has_offset = has_offset,
2703 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2704 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2710 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2712 if (curr->length == 0) {
2715 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2716 curr->data != next->data ||
2717 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2718 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2719 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2722 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2725 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2731 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2734 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2736 BlockDriverState *bs;
2737 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2739 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2741 bool image_opts = false;
2742 bool force_share = false;
2747 int option_index = 0;
2748 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2749 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2750 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2751 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2752 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2753 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2754 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2757 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2758 long_options, &option_index);
2764 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2767 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2781 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2783 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2789 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2794 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2795 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2797 filename = argv[optind];
2799 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2800 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2801 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2802 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2803 } else if (output) {
2804 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2808 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2809 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2814 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
2820 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2821 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2824 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2825 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2826 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
2829 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2830 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(MIN(1 << 30, length - offset), BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2831 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
2834 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2838 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2839 curr.length += next.length;
2843 if (curr.length > 0) {
2844 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2849 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2856 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2857 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2858 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2859 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2861 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2864 BlockDriverState *bs;
2865 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2866 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2867 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2872 bool image_opts = false;
2873 bool force_share = false;
2875 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2876 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2878 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2879 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2880 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2881 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2882 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2885 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
2886 long_options, NULL);
2892 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2895 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2902 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2905 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2906 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2910 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2913 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2914 snapshot_name = optarg;
2918 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2921 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2922 snapshot_name = optarg;
2926 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2929 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2930 snapshot_name = optarg;
2938 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2940 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2946 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2952 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2953 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2955 filename = argv[optind++];
2957 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2958 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2963 /* Open the image */
2964 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
2971 /* Perform the requested action */
2977 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2978 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2979 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2981 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2982 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2983 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2985 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2987 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2988 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2992 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2993 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2995 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3000 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3001 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3003 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3018 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3020 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3021 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3022 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3023 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3025 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3026 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3027 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3029 bool force_share = false;
3032 Error *local_err = NULL;
3033 bool image_opts = false;
3035 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3037 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3038 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3042 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3043 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3044 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3045 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3046 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3049 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3050 long_options, NULL);
3056 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3059 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3068 out_basefmt = optarg;
3071 out_baseimg = optarg;
3088 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3090 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3096 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3109 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3110 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3112 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3113 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3115 filename = argv[optind++];
3117 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3118 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3123 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3124 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3126 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3127 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3129 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3134 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3136 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3140 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3141 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3142 (void) src_writethrough;
3147 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3148 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3150 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3158 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3159 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3160 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3166 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3168 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3169 QDict *options = NULL;
3171 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3172 options = qdict_new();
3173 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
3178 options = qdict_new();
3180 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3182 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3183 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3184 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3185 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3186 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3187 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3193 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3194 options = qdict_new();
3196 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3199 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3202 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
3203 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3204 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3205 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3206 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3215 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3216 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3217 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3218 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3220 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3221 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3225 int64_t old_backing_size;
3226 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3229 float local_progress = 0;
3231 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3232 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3234 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3236 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3237 filename, strerror(-size));
3241 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3242 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3243 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3245 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3246 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3247 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3251 if (blk_new_backing) {
3252 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3253 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3254 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3255 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3262 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3265 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3266 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3267 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3269 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3270 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3272 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3281 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3282 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3284 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3285 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3287 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3288 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3291 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3293 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3298 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3299 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3301 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3302 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3305 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3307 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3312 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3313 uint64_t written = 0;
3315 while (written < n) {
3318 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3319 n - written, &pnum))
3321 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3322 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3324 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3332 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3337 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3338 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3339 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3341 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3342 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3344 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3347 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3348 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3349 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3350 } else if (ret < 0) {
3351 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3352 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3355 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3357 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3358 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3359 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3360 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3363 qemu_progress_end();
3366 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3367 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3369 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3370 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3379 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3382 int c, ret, relative;
3383 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3384 int64_t n, total_size, current_size, new_size;
3386 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3387 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3390 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3391 .name = "resize_options",
3392 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3395 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3396 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3397 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3403 bool image_opts = false;
3404 bool shrink = false;
3406 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3407 * as options by getopt. */
3409 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3413 size = argv[--argc];
3415 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3418 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3419 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3420 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3421 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3422 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3423 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3426 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3427 long_options, NULL);
3433 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3436 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3447 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3449 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3455 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3458 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3459 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3460 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3461 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3462 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3471 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3472 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3474 filename = argv[optind++];
3476 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3477 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3482 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3498 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3499 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3501 error_report_err(err);
3503 qemu_opts_del(param);
3506 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3507 qemu_opts_del(param);
3509 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3510 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3517 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3518 if (current_size < 0) {
3519 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3520 strerror(-current_size));
3526 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3530 if (total_size <= 0) {
3531 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3536 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3537 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
3542 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
3543 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
3544 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
3545 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
3547 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
3549 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
3553 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
3554 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
3555 "shrink images without this option.");
3559 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, prealloc, &err);
3561 error_report_err(err);
3565 new_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3567 error_report("Failed to verify truncated image length: %s",
3568 strerror(-new_size));
3573 /* Some block drivers implement a truncation method, but only so
3574 * the user can cause qemu to refresh the image's size from disk.
3575 * The idea is that the user resizes the image outside of qemu and
3576 * then invokes block_resize to inform qemu about it.
3577 * (This includes iscsi and file-posix for device files.)
3578 * Of course, that is not the behavior someone invoking
3579 * qemu-img resize would find useful, so we catch that behavior
3580 * here and tell the user. */
3581 if (new_size != total_size && new_size == current_size) {
3582 error_report("Image was not resized; resizing may not be supported "
3588 if (new_size != total_size) {
3589 warn_report("Image should have been resized to %" PRIi64
3590 " bytes, but was resized to %" PRIi64 " bytes",
3591 total_size, new_size);
3594 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3604 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3605 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3608 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3611 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3615 char *options = NULL;
3616 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3617 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3618 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3621 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3622 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3623 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3624 bool image_opts = false;
3626 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3628 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3629 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3630 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3631 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3634 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3635 long_options, NULL);
3642 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3645 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3651 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3652 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3654 goto out_no_progress;
3657 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3659 char *old_options = options;
3660 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3661 g_free(old_options);
3677 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3681 goto out_no_progress;
3684 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3691 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3694 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3695 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3698 goto out_no_progress;
3704 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3706 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3707 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3708 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3709 * given), print option help here */
3710 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3714 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3715 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3720 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3721 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3723 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3727 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3735 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3737 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3738 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3739 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3743 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3744 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3750 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3751 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3752 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3754 error_report_err(err);
3759 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3760 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3761 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3762 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3764 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3769 qemu_progress_end();
3773 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3774 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3783 typedef struct BenchData {
3785 uint64_t image_size;
3792 bool drain_on_flush;
3801 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3804 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3809 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3811 BenchData *b = opaque;
3815 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3820 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3821 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3822 b->in_flush = false;
3823 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3824 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3829 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3830 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3831 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3832 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3834 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3838 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3841 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3843 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3847 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3853 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3854 int64_t offset = b->offset;
3855 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
3856 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
3857 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
3860 b->offset += b->step;
3861 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3863 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3865 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3868 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3874 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3877 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3879 bool image_opts = false;
3880 bool is_write = false;
3884 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3887 int flush_interval = 0;
3888 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3890 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3891 BenchData data = {};
3893 bool writethrough = false;
3894 struct timeval t1, t2;
3896 bool force_share = false;
3900 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3901 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3902 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3903 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3904 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3905 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3906 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3909 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
3916 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3919 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3928 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3929 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3939 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3940 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3950 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3954 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
3956 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3969 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3970 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3971 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3982 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3983 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3984 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3992 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3994 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4000 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4006 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4010 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4011 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4017 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4021 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4022 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4025 flush_interval = res;
4028 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4029 drain_on_flush = false;
4031 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4037 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4038 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4040 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4042 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4043 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4047 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4048 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4053 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4060 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4061 if (image_size < 0) {
4066 data = (BenchData) {
4068 .image_size = image_size,
4070 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4075 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4076 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4078 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4079 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4080 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4081 data.offset, data.step);
4082 if (flush_interval) {
4083 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4086 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4087 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4088 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4090 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4092 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4093 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4094 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4095 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4096 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4099 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4102 while (data.n > 0) {
4103 main_loop_wait(false);
4105 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4107 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4108 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4109 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4113 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4115 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4136 int bsz; /* Block size */
4144 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4148 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4149 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4156 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4157 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4160 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4165 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4166 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4169 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4171 if (dd->count < 0) {
4172 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4179 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4180 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4183 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4188 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4189 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4192 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4197 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4198 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4201 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4203 if (in->offset < 0) {
4204 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4211 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4216 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4217 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4218 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4219 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4220 Error *local_err = NULL;
4221 bool image_opts = false;
4223 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4224 const char *fmt = NULL;
4226 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4227 bool force_share = false;
4228 struct DdInfo dd = {
4233 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4245 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4246 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4247 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4248 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4249 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4250 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4253 const struct option long_options[] = {
4254 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4255 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4256 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4257 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4261 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4273 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4276 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4285 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4290 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4296 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4298 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4300 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4302 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4309 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4310 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4314 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4315 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4320 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4324 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4329 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4330 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4335 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4336 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4342 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4350 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4352 error_report("Unknown file format");
4356 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4359 error_report_err(local_err);
4363 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4364 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4369 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4370 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4371 proto_drv->format_name);
4375 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4376 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4378 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4380 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4382 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4387 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4388 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4389 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4392 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4393 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4394 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4395 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4397 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4398 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4401 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4403 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4404 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4410 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4411 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4412 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4413 * support image-opts style.
4415 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4416 false, false, false);
4423 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4424 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4425 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4426 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4428 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4431 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4434 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4436 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4437 int in_ret, out_ret;
4439 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4440 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4442 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4445 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4452 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4455 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4456 strerror(-out_ret));
4465 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4466 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4469 g_free(in.filename);
4470 g_free(out.filename);
4480 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
4484 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
4486 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
4487 visit_complete(v, &obj);
4488 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
4489 assert(str != NULL);
4490 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
4496 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
4498 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4499 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4500 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4501 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4502 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
4503 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
4504 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4507 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4508 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
4510 const char *filename = NULL;
4511 const char *fmt = NULL;
4512 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4513 char *options = NULL;
4514 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
4515 bool force_share = false;
4516 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4517 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
4518 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
4519 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4520 bool image_opts = false;
4521 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
4522 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
4523 Error *local_err = NULL;
4527 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
4528 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4541 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
4542 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
4546 options = g_strdup(optarg);
4548 char *old_options = options;
4549 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
4550 g_free(old_options);
4554 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
4555 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
4558 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
4563 snapshot_name = optarg;
4570 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4576 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4580 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
4581 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
4582 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
4583 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
4585 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
4594 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
4596 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
4597 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
4599 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
4600 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
4601 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
4602 "petabytes and exabytes.");
4606 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
4612 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4613 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4618 if (argc - optind > 1) {
4619 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
4621 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
4622 filename = argv[optind];
4626 (object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
4627 error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
4628 "require a filename argument.");
4631 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4632 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
4635 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
4636 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
4641 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
4642 false, false, force_share);
4648 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
4649 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
4650 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
4652 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
4653 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
4654 snapshot_name, &local_err);
4657 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
4662 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4664 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4667 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4668 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4673 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4674 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
4675 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4677 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
4679 error_report_err(local_err);
4680 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
4684 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
4685 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
4688 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
4690 error_report_err(local_err);
4694 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
4695 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
4696 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
4698 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
4704 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
4705 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
4706 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4707 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
4708 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4714 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4715 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4716 { option, callback },
4717 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4723 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4725 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4726 const char *cmdname;
4727 Error *local_error = NULL;
4728 char *trace_file = NULL;
4730 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4731 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4732 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4733 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4738 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4741 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4742 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
4743 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4745 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4746 error_report_err(local_error);
4750 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4752 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4755 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4758 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4759 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4760 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4762 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4765 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4768 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4774 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4778 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4783 cmdname = argv[optind];
4785 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4793 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4796 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4797 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4799 /* find the command */
4800 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4801 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4802 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4807 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);