2 * QEMU PC System Emulator
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
26 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
29 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
30 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
31 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
32 #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin"
34 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00100000
35 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR 0x00400000
36 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR 0x00090000
37 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR 0x00099000
40 int dummy_refresh_clock;
41 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
42 static RTCState *rtc_state;
44 static IOAPICState *ioapic;
46 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
50 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
51 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
52 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
57 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
64 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
66 return qemu_get_clock(vm_clock);
70 int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env)
74 intno = apic_get_interrupt(env);
76 /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */
77 /* XXX: improve that */
78 pic_update_irq(isa_pic);
81 /* read the irq from the PIC */
82 intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic);
86 static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int level)
89 cpu_interrupt(cpu_single_env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
91 cpu_reset_interrupt(cpu_single_env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
94 /* PC cmos mappings */
96 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE 0x14
97 #define REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE 0x32
98 #define REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE 0x37
101 static inline int to_bcd(RTCState *s, int a)
103 return ((a / 10) << 4) | (a % 10);
106 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
112 /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
116 /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
120 /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
130 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
132 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
133 int cylinders, heads, sectors;
134 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
135 rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
136 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
137 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
138 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
139 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
140 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
141 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
142 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
143 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
144 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
147 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
148 static void cmos_init(int ram_size, int boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table)
150 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
157 /* set the CMOS date */
165 val = to_bcd(s, (tm->tm_year / 100) + 19);
166 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
167 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
169 /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
172 val = 640; /* base memory in K */
173 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
174 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
176 val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
179 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
180 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
181 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
182 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
184 if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
185 val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
190 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
191 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
193 switch(boot_device) {
196 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */
200 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */
203 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */
209 fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
210 fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
212 val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
213 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
225 val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
228 val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
231 val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
232 val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
233 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
237 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
239 cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);
241 cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);
244 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
246 int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;
247 /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
248 geometry. It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
249 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
250 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
251 translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]);
252 if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {
253 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
254 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
255 /* No translation. */
258 /* LBA translation. */
264 val |= translation << (i * 2);
267 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
269 /* Disable check of 0x55AA signature on the last two bytes of
270 first sector of disk. XXX: make it the default ? */
271 // rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, 1);
274 static void speaker_ioport_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
276 speaker_data_on = (val >> 1) & 1;
277 pit_set_gate(pit, 2, val & 1);
280 static uint32_t speaker_ioport_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
283 out = pit_get_out(pit, 2, qemu_get_clock(vm_clock));
284 dummy_refresh_clock ^= 1;
285 return (speaker_data_on << 1) | pit_get_gate(pit, 2) | (out << 5) |
286 (dummy_refresh_clock << 4);
289 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
291 cpu_x86_set_a20(cpu_single_env, (val >> 1) & 1);
292 /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
295 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
297 return ((cpu_single_env->a20_mask >> 20) & 1) << 1;
300 /***********************************************************/
301 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
303 void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
305 static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
306 static int shutdown_index = 0;
309 /* Bochs BIOS messages */
312 fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
317 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
321 /* same as Bochs power off */
322 if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
324 if (shutdown_index == 8) {
326 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
333 /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
336 fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
341 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
347 void bochs_bios_init(void)
349 register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
350 register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
351 register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
352 register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
353 register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
355 register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
356 register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
357 register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
358 register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
362 int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr,
368 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
372 /* load 16 bit code */
373 if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512)
375 setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1];
378 if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) !=
382 /* load 32 bit code */
383 size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
393 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
394 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
395 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
397 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
399 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
400 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
402 static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
403 static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
405 static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
406 static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };
408 /* PC hardware initialisation */
409 static void pc_init1(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
410 DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot,
411 const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
412 const char *initrd_filename)
415 int ret, linux_boot, initrd_size, i, nb_nics1;
416 unsigned long bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
417 int bios_size, isa_bios_size;
420 linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
423 cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, 0);
426 bios_offset = ram_size + vga_ram_size;
427 vga_bios_offset = bios_offset + 256 * 1024;
429 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, BIOS_FILENAME);
430 bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
431 if (bios_size <= 0 ||
432 (bios_size % 65536) != 0 ||
433 bios_size > (256 * 1024)) {
436 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
437 if (ret != bios_size) {
439 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf);
444 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
445 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
447 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
449 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
451 /* setup basic memory access */
452 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
453 vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
455 /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
456 isa_bios_size = bios_size;
457 if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
458 isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
459 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
461 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
463 (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
464 /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
465 cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
466 bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
471 uint8_t bootsect[512];
472 uint8_t old_bootsect[512];
474 if (bs_table[0] == NULL) {
475 fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n");
478 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME);
479 ret = load_image(buf, bootsect);
480 if (ret != sizeof(bootsect)) {
481 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n",
486 if (bdrv_read(bs_table[0], 0, old_bootsect, 1) >= 0) {
487 /* copy the MSDOS partition table */
488 memcpy(bootsect + 0x1be, old_bootsect + 0x1be, 0x40);
491 bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table[0], bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
493 /* now we can load the kernel */
494 ret = load_kernel(kernel_filename,
495 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR,
496 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
498 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
505 if (initrd_filename) {
506 initrd_size = load_image(initrd_filename, phys_ram_base + INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
507 if (initrd_size < 0) {
508 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
513 if (initrd_size > 0) {
514 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
515 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x21c, initrd_size);
517 pstrcpy(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR, 4096,
519 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x20, 0xA33F);
520 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x22,
521 KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR - KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
523 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x210, 0x01);
527 pci_bus = i440fx_init();
533 /* init basic PC hardware */
534 register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
536 register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
538 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
540 pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
541 ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
544 isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
548 vga_initialize(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
552 rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, 8);
553 register_ioport_read(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_read, NULL);
554 register_ioport_write(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_write, NULL);
556 register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
557 register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
560 apic_init(cpu_single_env);
561 ioapic = ioapic_init();
563 isa_pic = pic_init(pic_irq_request, cpu_single_env);
564 pit = pit_init(0x40, 0);
566 pic_set_alt_irq_func(isa_pic, ioapic_set_irq, ioapic);
569 for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
571 serial_init(serial_io[i], serial_irq[i], serial_hds[i]);
575 for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {
576 if (parallel_hds[i]) {
577 parallel_init(parallel_io[i], parallel_irq[i], parallel_hds[i]);
582 for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
583 pci_ne2000_init(pci_bus, &nd_table[i]);
585 pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, bs_table);
588 if (nb_nics1 > NE2000_NB_MAX)
589 nb_nics1 = NE2000_NB_MAX;
590 for(i = 0; i < nb_nics1; i++) {
591 isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[i], ne2000_irq[i], &nd_table[i]);
594 for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
595 isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], ide_irq[i],
596 bs_table[2 * i], bs_table[2 * i + 1]);
615 if (pci_enabled && es1370_enabled)
616 es1370_init (pci_bus);
619 floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table);
621 cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device, bs_table);
623 /* must be done after all PCI devices are instanciated */
624 /* XXX: should be done in the Bochs BIOS */
630 QEMUMachine pc_machine = {