2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "block/block_int.h"
33 #include "block/qapi.h"
37 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION \
38 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
40 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
42 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
47 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
50 typedef enum OutputFormat {
55 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
56 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
57 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
59 static gint compare_data(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b, gpointer user)
61 return g_strcmp0(a, b);
64 static void print_format(gpointer data, gpointer user)
66 printf(" %s", (char *)data);
69 static void add_format_to_seq(void *opaque, const char *fmt_name)
71 GSequence *seq = opaque;
73 g_sequence_insert_sorted(seq, (gpointer)fmt_name,
77 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
81 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
84 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
87 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
91 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
92 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
94 const char *help_msg =
96 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
97 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
100 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
102 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
106 "Command parameters:\n"
107 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
108 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
109 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
110 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
111 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
112 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
113 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
114 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
115 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
116 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
117 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
118 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
119 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
121 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
122 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
124 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
126 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
127 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
128 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
129 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
130 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
131 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
132 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
133 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
134 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
135 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
136 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
138 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
139 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
140 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
142 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
143 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
144 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
145 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
146 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
148 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
149 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
150 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
151 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
152 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
153 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
155 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
156 " '-f' first image format\n"
157 " '-F' second image format\n"
158 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
161 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
162 seq = g_sequence_new(NULL);
163 bdrv_iterate_format(add_format_to_seq, seq);
164 g_sequence_foreach(seq, print_format, NULL);
166 g_sequence_free(seq);
171 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
177 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
184 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
185 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
188 printf("Password: ");
195 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
206 static struct termios oldtty;
208 static void term_exit(void)
210 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
213 static void term_init(void)
220 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
221 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
222 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
223 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
224 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
229 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
234 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
239 printf("password: ");
244 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
246 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
251 } else if (ret == 0) {
259 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
270 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
272 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
273 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
275 /* Find driver and parse its options */
276 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
278 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
282 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
284 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true);
286 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename);
287 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
290 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
293 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
294 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
298 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *id,
299 const char *filename,
305 BlockDriverState *bs;
308 Error *local_err = NULL;
311 bs = bdrv_new(id, &error_abort);
314 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
316 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
323 ret = bdrv_open(&bs, filename, NULL, NULL, flags, drv, &local_err);
325 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename,
326 error_get_pretty(local_err));
327 error_free(local_err);
331 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
332 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
333 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
334 error_report("No password given");
337 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
338 error_report("invalid password");
348 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
349 const char *base_filename,
350 const char *base_fmt)
353 if (qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
354 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
360 if (qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
361 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
369 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
372 uint64_t img_size = -1;
373 const char *fmt = "raw";
374 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
375 const char *filename;
376 const char *base_filename = NULL;
377 char *options = NULL;
378 Error *local_err = NULL;
382 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
395 base_filename = optarg;
401 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
402 "encryption\' instead!");
405 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
406 "compat6\' instead!");
409 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
410 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
414 options = g_strdup(optarg);
416 char *old_options = options;
417 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
427 /* Get the filename */
428 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
429 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
431 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
434 if (optind >= argc) {
435 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
439 /* Get image size, if specified */
443 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
444 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
445 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
446 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
448 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
449 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
450 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
451 "petabytes and exabytes.");
455 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
457 if (optind != argc) {
458 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
461 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
462 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS, &local_err, quiet);
464 error_report("%s: %s", filename, error_get_pretty(local_err));
465 error_free(local_err);
477 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
479 Error *local_err = NULL;
481 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
483 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
484 &check, NULL, &local_err);
485 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
486 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
488 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
490 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
494 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
496 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
497 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
499 if (check->corruptions) {
500 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
501 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
508 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
509 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
513 if (check->check_errors) {
516 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
517 check->check_errors);
521 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
522 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
523 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
524 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
525 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
526 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
527 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
528 check->allocated_clusters);
531 if (check->image_end_offset) {
533 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
537 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
539 const char *filename,
544 BdrvCheckResult result;
546 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
551 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
552 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
553 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
554 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
555 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
556 check->leaks = result.leaks;
557 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
558 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
559 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
560 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
561 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
562 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
563 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
564 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
565 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
566 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
567 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
568 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
569 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
570 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
571 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
577 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
579 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
580 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
581 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
582 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
583 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
585 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
588 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
589 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
590 BlockDriverState *bs;
592 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
599 int option_index = 0;
600 static const struct option long_options[] = {
601 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
602 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
603 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
604 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
607 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hr:q",
608 long_options, &option_index);
621 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
623 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
624 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
625 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
626 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
628 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
629 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
640 if (optind != argc - 1) {
641 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
643 filename = argv[optind++];
645 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
646 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
647 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
648 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
650 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
654 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
659 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
660 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
662 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
663 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
668 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
669 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
671 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
672 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
674 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
676 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
677 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
678 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
679 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
681 check->corruptions_fixed);
684 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
686 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
687 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
690 switch (output_format) {
692 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
695 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
699 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
704 if (check->corruptions) {
706 } else if (check->leaks) {
713 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
719 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
722 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache;
723 BlockDriverState *bs;
727 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
729 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:q");
749 if (optind != argc - 1) {
750 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
752 filename = argv[optind++];
755 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
757 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
761 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
765 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
768 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
771 error_report("No disk inserted");
774 error_report("Image is read-only");
777 error_report("Image is already committed");
780 error_report("Error while committing image");
792 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
795 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
796 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
798 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
807 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
808 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
810 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
819 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
820 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
821 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
823 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
827 int num_checked, num_used;
833 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
839 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
841 num_checked = num_used;
844 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
846 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
848 num_checked += *pnum;
850 num_used = num_checked;
851 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
861 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
862 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
864 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
865 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
867 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
877 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
878 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
882 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
891 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
893 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
895 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
898 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
900 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
904 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
906 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
907 * data and negative value on error.
909 * @param bs: Driver used for accessing file
910 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
911 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
912 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
913 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
914 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
916 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sect_num,
917 int sect_count, const char *filename,
918 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
921 ret = bdrv_read(bs, sect_num, buffer, sect_count);
923 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
924 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
927 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
928 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
929 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
930 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
938 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
940 * 0 - Images are identical
942 * >1 - Error occurred
944 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
946 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *filename1, *filename2;
947 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
948 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
949 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
951 int allocated1, allocated2;
952 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
953 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
954 int64_t total_sectors;
955 int64_t sector_num = 0;
959 uint64_t progress_base;
962 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hpf:F:sq");
989 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
995 if (optind != argc - 2) {
996 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
998 filename1 = argv[optind++];
999 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1001 /* Initialize before goto out */
1002 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1004 bs1 = bdrv_new_open("image 1", filename1, fmt1, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
1006 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename1);
1011 bs2 = bdrv_new_open("image 2", filename2, fmt2, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
1013 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename2);
1018 buf1 = qemu_blockalign(bs1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1019 buf2 = qemu_blockalign(bs2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1020 bdrv_get_geometry(bs1, &bs_sectors);
1021 total_sectors1 = bs_sectors;
1022 bdrv_get_geometry(bs2, &bs_sectors);
1023 total_sectors2 = bs_sectors;
1024 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1025 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1027 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1029 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1031 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1036 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1037 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1040 allocated1 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1042 if (allocated1 < 0) {
1044 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1048 allocated2 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1050 if (allocated2 < 0) {
1052 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1055 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1057 if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1059 ret = bdrv_read(bs1, sector_num, buf1, nb_sectors);
1061 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1062 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1067 ret = bdrv_read(bs2, sector_num, buf2, nb_sectors);
1069 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1070 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1071 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1075 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1076 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1077 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1079 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1087 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1088 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1089 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1094 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1095 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1097 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1098 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1102 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1103 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1109 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1110 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1113 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1114 BlockDriverState *bs_over;
1115 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1116 const char *filename_over;
1118 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1119 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1120 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1122 filename_over = filename1;
1124 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1126 filename_over = filename2;
1130 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1131 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1134 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs_over, NULL, sector_num,
1138 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1145 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1146 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1149 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1150 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1151 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1157 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1158 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1162 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1172 qemu_progress_end();
1176 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1178 int c, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1180 int progress = 0, flags;
1181 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1182 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1183 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1184 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
1185 uint64_t bs_sectors;
1186 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
1187 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1188 const uint8_t *buf1;
1189 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1190 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
1191 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1192 const char *out_baseimg_param;
1193 char *options = NULL;
1194 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1195 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1197 Error *local_err = NULL;
1198 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1207 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:B:s:hce6o:pS:t:qnl:");
1223 out_baseimg = optarg;
1229 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1230 "encryption\' instead!");
1234 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1235 "compat6\' instead!");
1239 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1240 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1245 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1247 char *old_options = options;
1248 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1249 g_free(old_options);
1253 snapshot_name = optarg;
1256 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1257 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
1259 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1265 snapshot_name = optarg;
1272 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1273 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1274 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1279 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1297 /* Initialize before goto out */
1301 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1304 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1305 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1307 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1308 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1313 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1317 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1318 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1324 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1326 bs = g_malloc0(bs_n * sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
1329 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1330 char *id = bs_n > 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source %d", bs_i)
1331 : g_strdup("source");
1332 bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(id, argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
1336 error_report("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
1340 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1341 total_sectors += bs_sectors;
1345 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1346 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1347 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1349 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1351 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1356 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1359 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1360 error_get_pretty(local_err));
1361 error_free(local_err);
1366 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1367 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1369 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1374 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true);
1376 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename);
1381 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
1382 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
1384 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
1385 if (options && qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL)) {
1386 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1391 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
1392 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
1397 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1398 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1399 if (out_baseimg_param) {
1400 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
1403 /* Check if compression is supported */
1406 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
1407 const char *preallocation =
1408 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
1410 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
1411 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1417 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1424 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
1426 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1434 /* Create the new image */
1435 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
1437 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1438 out_filename, out_fmt, error_get_pretty(local_err));
1439 error_free(local_err);
1444 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1445 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1447 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1451 out_bs = bdrv_new_open("target", out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true, quiet);
1459 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
1461 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1462 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1464 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
1465 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
1466 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
1469 buf = qemu_blockalign(out_bs, bufsectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1472 int64_t output_length = bdrv_getlength(out_bs);
1473 if (output_length < 0) {
1474 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1475 strerror(-output_length));
1478 } else if (output_length < total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) {
1479 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1485 cluster_sectors = 0;
1486 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
1489 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1493 compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
1494 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1498 if (cluster_sectors <= 0 || cluster_sectors > bufsectors) {
1499 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1505 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1512 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1513 if (nb_sectors <= 0)
1515 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
1516 n = cluster_sectors;
1520 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
1521 assert (bs_num >= 0);
1524 while (remainder > 0) {
1526 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
1528 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1529 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1530 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1532 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1533 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1534 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1536 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
1538 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
1540 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
1542 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1543 bs_num, strerror(-ret));
1552 assert (remainder == 0);
1554 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1555 ret = bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf, n);
1557 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1558 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1563 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sector_num / total_sectors, 0);
1565 /* signal EOF to align */
1566 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
1568 int64_t sectors_to_read, sectors_read, sector_num_next_status;
1569 bool count_allocated_sectors;
1570 int has_zero_init = min_sparse ? bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs) : 0;
1572 if (!has_zero_init && bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(out_bs)) {
1573 ret = bdrv_make_zero(out_bs, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1580 sectors_to_read = total_sectors;
1581 count_allocated_sectors = progress && (out_baseimg || has_zero_init);
1583 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1585 sector_num_next_status = 0;
1588 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1589 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1590 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1591 sectors_to_read = sectors_read;
1592 count_allocated_sectors = false;
1599 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
1601 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1602 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1603 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1604 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1605 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1606 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1609 if ((out_baseimg || has_zero_init) &&
1610 sector_num >= sector_num_next_status) {
1611 n = nb_sectors > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : nb_sectors;
1612 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
1615 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %"
1616 PRId64 ": %s", sector_num - bs_offset,
1620 /* If the output image is zero initialized, we are not working
1621 * on a shared base and the input is zero we can skip the next
1623 if (has_zero_init && !out_baseimg && (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1627 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write
1628 * image, assume that sectors which are unallocated in the
1629 * input image are present in both the output's and input's
1630 * base images (no need to copy them). */
1632 if (!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1636 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image.
1637 * Copy only those as they may be followed by unallocated
1641 /* avoid redundant callouts to get_block_status */
1642 sector_num_next_status = sector_num + n1;
1645 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bufsectors);
1647 /* round down request length to an aligned sector, but
1648 * do not bother doing this on short requests. They happen
1649 * when we found an all-zero area, and the next sector to
1650 * write will not be sector_num + n. */
1651 if (cluster_sectors > 0 && n >= cluster_sectors) {
1652 int64_t next_aligned_sector = (sector_num + n);
1653 next_aligned_sector -= next_aligned_sector % cluster_sectors;
1654 if (sector_num + n > next_aligned_sector) {
1655 n = next_aligned_sector - sector_num;
1659 n = MIN(n, bs_sectors - (sector_num - bs_offset));
1662 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1668 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
1670 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1671 sector_num - bs_offset, strerror(-ret));
1674 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1675 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1676 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1679 if (!has_zero_init ||
1680 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1, n, &n1, min_sparse)) {
1681 ret = bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1);
1683 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1684 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1692 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sectors_read / sectors_to_read, 0);
1697 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1699 qemu_progress_end();
1700 qemu_opts_del(opts);
1701 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
1704 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1710 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1712 bdrv_unref(bs[bs_i]);
1727 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1729 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1732 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1735 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1736 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
1738 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1740 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
1746 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1748 Error *local_err = NULL;
1750 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1752 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1753 &list, NULL, &local_err);
1754 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1755 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1756 assert(str != NULL);
1757 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1758 qobject_decref(obj);
1759 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1763 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1765 Error *local_err = NULL;
1767 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1769 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1770 &info, NULL, &local_err);
1771 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1772 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1773 assert(str != NULL);
1774 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1775 qobject_decref(obj);
1776 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1780 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1782 ImageInfoList *elem;
1785 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
1791 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
1795 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1797 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
1801 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1803 * @filename: topmost image filename
1804 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1805 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1806 * false - only topmost image file
1808 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1809 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1812 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(const char *filename,
1816 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
1817 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
1818 GHashTable *filenames;
1821 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
1824 BlockDriverState *bs;
1826 ImageInfoList *elem;
1828 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
1829 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1833 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
1835 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt,
1836 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, false, false);
1841 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
1843 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
1849 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
1856 filename = fmt = NULL;
1858 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
1859 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
1860 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
1861 filename = info->backing_filename;
1863 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
1864 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
1868 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1872 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
1873 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1877 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
1880 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1882 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
1883 ImageInfoList *list;
1888 int option_index = 0;
1889 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1890 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1891 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
1892 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
1893 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
1896 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
1897 long_options, &option_index);
1912 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
1917 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1918 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1920 filename = argv[optind++];
1922 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
1923 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
1924 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
1925 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1926 } else if (output) {
1927 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1931 list = collect_image_info_list(filename, fmt, chain);
1936 switch (output_format) {
1938 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
1942 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
1944 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
1949 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
1954 typedef struct MapEntry {
1960 BlockDriverState *bs;
1963 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
1966 switch (output_format) {
1968 if ((e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) &&
1969 !(e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID)) {
1970 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
1973 if ((e->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1974 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
1975 e->start, e->length, e->offset, e->bs->filename);
1977 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
1978 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
1981 (next->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1982 next->flags &= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1983 next->flags |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
1987 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64", \"depth\": %d,"
1988 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
1989 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
1990 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
1991 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) ? "true" : "false",
1992 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) ? "true" : "false");
1993 if (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) {
1994 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2005 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2006 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2011 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2012 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2018 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors);
2023 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2026 bs = bs->backing_hd;
2035 e->start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2036 e->length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2037 e->flags = ret & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2038 e->offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2044 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2047 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2048 BlockDriverState *bs;
2049 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2051 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2057 int option_index = 0;
2058 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2059 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2060 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2061 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2064 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2065 long_options, &option_index);
2082 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2083 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2085 filename = argv[optind];
2087 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2088 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2089 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2090 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2091 } else if (output) {
2092 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2096 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, false);
2101 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2102 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2105 length = bdrv_getlength(bs);
2106 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2107 int64_t nsectors_left;
2111 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2113 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2114 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2115 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2116 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2119 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2123 if (curr.length != 0 && curr.flags == next.flags &&
2124 curr.depth == next.depth &&
2125 ((curr.flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) == 0 ||
2126 curr.offset + curr.length == next.offset)) {
2127 curr.length += next.length;
2131 if (curr.length > 0) {
2132 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2137 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2144 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2145 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2146 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2147 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2149 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2151 BlockDriverState *bs;
2152 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2153 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2154 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2160 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2161 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2163 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq");
2174 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2177 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2178 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2182 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2185 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2186 snapshot_name = optarg;
2190 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2193 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2194 snapshot_name = optarg;
2198 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2201 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2202 snapshot_name = optarg;
2210 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2211 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2213 filename = argv[optind++];
2215 /* Open the image */
2216 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true, quiet);
2221 /* Perform the requested action */
2227 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2228 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2229 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2231 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2232 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2233 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2235 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2237 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2238 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2242 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2243 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2245 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2246 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2250 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2251 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2253 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2254 snapshot_name, error_get_pretty(err));
2269 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2271 BlockDriverState *bs, *bs_old_backing = NULL, *bs_new_backing = NULL;
2272 BlockDriver *old_backing_drv, *new_backing_drv;
2274 const char *fmt, *cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2279 Error *local_err = NULL;
2281 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2283 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2287 c = getopt(argc, argv, "uhf:F:b:pt:q");
2300 out_basefmt = optarg;
2303 out_baseimg = optarg;
2324 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2325 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2327 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2328 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2330 filename = argv[optind++];
2332 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2333 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2335 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2336 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2338 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2345 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2346 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2348 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2353 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
2354 old_backing_drv = NULL;
2355 new_backing_drv = NULL;
2357 if (!unsafe && bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2358 old_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(bs->backing_format);
2359 if (old_backing_drv == NULL) {
2360 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs->backing_format);
2366 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2367 new_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt);
2368 if (new_backing_drv == NULL) {
2369 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2375 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2377 /* Make the compiler happy */
2378 bs_old_backing = NULL;
2379 bs_new_backing = NULL;
2381 char backing_name[1024];
2383 bs_old_backing = bdrv_new("old_backing", &error_abort);
2384 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2385 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_old_backing, backing_name, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
2386 old_backing_drv, &local_err);
2388 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2389 backing_name, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2390 error_free(local_err);
2393 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2394 bs_new_backing = bdrv_new("new_backing", &error_abort);
2395 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_new_backing, out_baseimg, NULL, NULL,
2396 BDRV_O_FLAGS, new_backing_drv, &local_err);
2398 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2399 out_baseimg, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2400 error_free(local_err);
2407 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2408 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2409 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2410 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2412 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2413 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2416 uint64_t num_sectors;
2417 uint64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2418 uint64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2423 float local_progress = 0;
2425 buf_old = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2426 buf_new = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2428 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &num_sectors);
2429 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_old_backing, &old_backing_num_sectors);
2430 if (bs_new_backing) {
2431 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_new_backing, &new_backing_num_sectors);
2434 if (num_sectors != 0) {
2435 local_progress = (float)100 /
2436 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
2439 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
2441 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2442 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
2443 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
2445 n = num_sectors - sector;
2448 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2449 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
2451 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2460 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2461 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2463 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
2464 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2466 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
2467 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2470 ret = bdrv_read(bs_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
2472 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2477 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !bs_new_backing) {
2478 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2480 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
2481 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2484 ret = bdrv_read(bs_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
2486 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2491 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2492 uint64_t written = 0;
2494 while (written < n) {
2497 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
2498 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
2500 ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector + written,
2501 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
2503 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2511 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
2514 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
2515 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
2519 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2520 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2521 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2523 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
2524 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
2526 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
2529 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
2530 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2531 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
2532 } else if (ret < 0) {
2533 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2534 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
2537 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2539 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2540 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2541 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2542 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2545 qemu_progress_end();
2548 if (bs_old_backing != NULL) {
2549 bdrv_unref(bs_old_backing);
2551 if (bs_new_backing != NULL) {
2552 bdrv_unref(bs_new_backing);
2563 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
2565 int c, ret, relative;
2566 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
2567 int64_t n, total_size;
2569 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2571 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
2572 .name = "resize_options",
2573 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
2576 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2577 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2578 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2585 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2586 * as options by getopt. */
2588 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2592 size = argv[--argc];
2594 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2597 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hq");
2614 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2615 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2617 filename = argv[optind++];
2619 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2635 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2636 if (qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
2637 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2639 qemu_opts_del(param);
2642 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
2643 qemu_opts_del(param);
2645 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR,
2653 total_size = bdrv_getlength(bs) + n * relative;
2657 if (total_size <= 0) {
2658 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2663 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size);
2666 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
2669 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2672 error_report("Image is read-only");
2675 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
2688 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
2691 char *options = NULL;
2692 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2693 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
2694 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
2696 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2699 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hqf:o:");
2710 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2711 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2716 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2718 char *old_options = options;
2719 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2720 g_free(old_options);
2733 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2736 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2737 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
2738 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2739 * given), print option help here */
2740 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2744 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2745 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2748 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt,
2749 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR, true, quiet);
2751 error_report("Could not open image '%s'", filename);
2756 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
2758 if (has_help_option(options)) {
2759 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2760 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2764 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
2765 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2766 if (options && qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL)) {
2767 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt);
2772 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts);
2774 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
2782 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2783 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2792 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
2793 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
2794 { option, callback },
2795 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
2801 int main(int argc, char **argv)
2803 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
2804 const char *cmdname;
2806 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2807 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2808 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
2813 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
2816 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
2817 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2819 qemu_init_main_loop();
2822 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2826 /* find the command */
2827 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
2828 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
2829 return cmd->handler(argc - 1, argv + 1);
2833 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", long_options, NULL);
2839 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
2844 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);