2 * Block driver for the QCOW format
4 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "qapi/error.h"
26 #include "qemu-common.h"
27 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
28 #include "block/block_int.h"
29 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
30 #include "qemu/module.h"
31 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
33 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
34 #include "crypto/cipher.h"
35 #include "migration/migration.h"
37 /**************************************************************/
38 /* QEMU COW block driver with compression and encryption support */
40 #define QCOW_MAGIC (('Q' << 24) | ('F' << 16) | ('I' << 8) | 0xfb)
41 #define QCOW_VERSION 1
43 #define QCOW_CRYPT_NONE 0
44 #define QCOW_CRYPT_AES 1
46 #define QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED (1LL << 63)
48 typedef struct QCowHeader {
51 uint64_t backing_file_offset;
52 uint32_t backing_file_size;
54 uint64_t size; /* in bytes */
58 uint32_t crypt_method;
59 uint64_t l1_table_offset;
60 } QEMU_PACKED QCowHeader;
62 #define L2_CACHE_SIZE 16
64 typedef struct BDRVQcowState {
71 uint64_t cluster_offset_mask;
72 uint64_t l1_table_offset;
75 uint64_t l2_cache_offsets[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
76 uint32_t l2_cache_counts[L2_CACHE_SIZE];
77 uint8_t *cluster_cache;
78 uint8_t *cluster_data;
79 uint64_t cluster_cache_offset;
80 QCryptoCipher *cipher; /* NULL if no key yet */
81 uint32_t crypt_method_header;
83 Error *migration_blocker;
86 static int decompress_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t cluster_offset);
88 static int qcow_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
90 const QCowHeader *cow_header = (const void *)buf;
92 if (buf_size >= sizeof(QCowHeader) &&
93 be32_to_cpu(cow_header->magic) == QCOW_MAGIC &&
94 be32_to_cpu(cow_header->version) == QCOW_VERSION)
100 static int qcow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
103 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
104 unsigned int len, i, shift;
107 Error *local_err = NULL;
109 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, 0, &header, sizeof(header));
113 be32_to_cpus(&header.magic);
114 be32_to_cpus(&header.version);
115 be64_to_cpus(&header.backing_file_offset);
116 be32_to_cpus(&header.backing_file_size);
117 be32_to_cpus(&header.mtime);
118 be64_to_cpus(&header.size);
119 be32_to_cpus(&header.crypt_method);
120 be64_to_cpus(&header.l1_table_offset);
122 if (header.magic != QCOW_MAGIC) {
123 error_setg(errp, "Image not in qcow format");
127 if (header.version != QCOW_VERSION) {
128 error_setg(errp, "Unsupported qcow version %" PRIu32, header.version);
133 if (header.size <= 1) {
134 error_setg(errp, "Image size is too small (must be at least 2 bytes)");
138 if (header.cluster_bits < 9 || header.cluster_bits > 16) {
139 error_setg(errp, "Cluster size must be between 512 and 64k");
144 /* l2_bits specifies number of entries; storing a uint64_t in each entry,
145 * so bytes = num_entries << 3. */
146 if (header.l2_bits < 9 - 3 || header.l2_bits > 16 - 3) {
147 error_setg(errp, "L2 table size must be between 512 and 64k");
152 if (header.crypt_method > QCOW_CRYPT_AES) {
153 error_setg(errp, "invalid encryption method in qcow header");
157 if (!qcrypto_cipher_supports(QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES_128,
158 QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_CBC)) {
159 error_setg(errp, "AES cipher not available");
163 s->crypt_method_header = header.crypt_method;
164 if (s->crypt_method_header) {
165 if (bdrv_uses_whitelist() &&
166 s->crypt_method_header == QCOW_CRYPT_AES) {
168 "Use of AES-CBC encrypted qcow images is no longer "
169 "supported in system emulators");
170 error_append_hint(errp,
171 "You can use 'qemu-img convert' to convert your "
172 "image to an alternative supported format, such "
173 "as unencrypted qcow, or raw with the LUKS "
174 "format instead.\n");
179 bs->encrypted = true;
181 s->cluster_bits = header.cluster_bits;
182 s->cluster_size = 1 << s->cluster_bits;
183 s->cluster_sectors = 1 << (s->cluster_bits - 9);
184 s->l2_bits = header.l2_bits;
185 s->l2_size = 1 << s->l2_bits;
186 bs->total_sectors = header.size / 512;
187 s->cluster_offset_mask = (1LL << (63 - s->cluster_bits)) - 1;
189 /* read the level 1 table */
190 shift = s->cluster_bits + s->l2_bits;
191 if (header.size > UINT64_MAX - (1LL << shift)) {
192 error_setg(errp, "Image too large");
196 uint64_t l1_size = (header.size + (1LL << shift) - 1) >> shift;
197 if (l1_size > INT_MAX / sizeof(uint64_t)) {
198 error_setg(errp, "Image too large");
202 s->l1_size = l1_size;
205 s->l1_table_offset = header.l1_table_offset;
206 s->l1_table = g_try_new(uint64_t, s->l1_size);
207 if (s->l1_table == NULL) {
208 error_setg(errp, "Could not allocate memory for L1 table");
213 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->l1_table_offset, s->l1_table,
214 s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
219 for(i = 0;i < s->l1_size; i++) {
220 be64_to_cpus(&s->l1_table[i]);
223 /* alloc L2 cache (max. 64k * 16 * 8 = 8 MB) */
225 qemu_try_blockalign(bs->file->bs,
226 s->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint64_t));
227 if (s->l2_cache == NULL) {
228 error_setg(errp, "Could not allocate L2 table cache");
232 s->cluster_cache = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
233 s->cluster_data = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
234 s->cluster_cache_offset = -1;
236 /* read the backing file name */
237 if (header.backing_file_offset != 0) {
238 len = header.backing_file_size;
239 if (len > 1023 || len >= sizeof(bs->backing_file)) {
240 error_setg(errp, "Backing file name too long");
244 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, header.backing_file_offset,
245 bs->backing_file, len);
249 bs->backing_file[len] = '\0';
252 /* Disable migration when qcow images are used */
253 error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The qcow format used by node '%s' "
254 "does not support live migration",
255 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
256 ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, &local_err);
258 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
259 error_free(s->migration_blocker);
263 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
268 qemu_vfree(s->l2_cache);
269 g_free(s->cluster_cache);
270 g_free(s->cluster_data);
275 /* We have nothing to do for QCOW reopen, stubs just return
277 static int qcow_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state,
278 BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp)
283 static int qcow_set_key(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *key)
285 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
290 memset(keybuf, 0, 16);
294 /* XXX: we could compress the chars to 7 bits to increase
296 for(i = 0;i < len;i++) {
299 assert(bs->encrypted);
301 qcrypto_cipher_free(s->cipher);
302 s->cipher = qcrypto_cipher_new(
303 QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES_128,
304 QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_CBC,
305 keybuf, G_N_ELEMENTS(keybuf),
309 /* XXX would be nice if errors in this method could
310 * be properly propagate to the caller. Would need
311 * the bdrv_set_key() API signature to be fixed. */
318 /* The crypt function is compatible with the linux cryptoloop
319 algorithm for < 4 GB images. NOTE: out_buf == in_buf is
321 static int encrypt_sectors(BDRVQcowState *s, int64_t sector_num,
322 uint8_t *out_buf, const uint8_t *in_buf,
323 int nb_sectors, bool enc, Error **errp)
332 for(i = 0; i < nb_sectors; i++) {
333 ivec.ll[0] = cpu_to_le64(sector_num);
335 if (qcrypto_cipher_setiv(s->cipher,
336 ivec.b, G_N_ELEMENTS(ivec.b),
341 ret = qcrypto_cipher_encrypt(s->cipher,
347 ret = qcrypto_cipher_decrypt(s->cipher,
367 * 1 to allocate a normal cluster (for sector indexes 'n_start' to
370 * 2 to allocate a compressed cluster of size
371 * 'compressed_size'. 'compressed_size' must be > 0 and <
374 * return 0 if not allocated.
376 static uint64_t get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs,
377 uint64_t offset, int allocate,
379 int n_start, int n_end)
381 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
382 int min_index, i, j, l1_index, l2_index;
383 uint64_t l2_offset, *l2_table, cluster_offset, tmp;
387 l1_index = offset >> (s->l2_bits + s->cluster_bits);
388 l2_offset = s->l1_table[l1_index];
393 /* allocate a new l2 entry */
394 l2_offset = bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs);
395 /* round to cluster size */
396 l2_offset = (l2_offset + s->cluster_size - 1) & ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
397 /* update the L1 entry */
398 s->l1_table[l1_index] = l2_offset;
399 tmp = cpu_to_be64(l2_offset);
400 if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file,
401 s->l1_table_offset + l1_index * sizeof(tmp),
402 &tmp, sizeof(tmp)) < 0)
406 for(i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
407 if (l2_offset == s->l2_cache_offsets[i]) {
408 /* increment the hit count */
409 if (++s->l2_cache_counts[i] == 0xffffffff) {
410 for(j = 0; j < L2_CACHE_SIZE; j++) {
411 s->l2_cache_counts[j] >>= 1;
414 l2_table = s->l2_cache + (i << s->l2_bits);
418 /* not found: load a new entry in the least used one */
420 min_count = 0xffffffff;
421 for(i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
422 if (s->l2_cache_counts[i] < min_count) {
423 min_count = s->l2_cache_counts[i];
427 l2_table = s->l2_cache + (min_index << s->l2_bits);
429 memset(l2_table, 0, s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
430 if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, l2_offset, l2_table,
431 s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0)
434 if (bdrv_pread(bs->file, l2_offset, l2_table,
435 s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t)) !=
436 s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t))
439 s->l2_cache_offsets[min_index] = l2_offset;
440 s->l2_cache_counts[min_index] = 1;
442 l2_index = (offset >> s->cluster_bits) & (s->l2_size - 1);
443 cluster_offset = be64_to_cpu(l2_table[l2_index]);
444 if (!cluster_offset ||
445 ((cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) && allocate == 1)) {
448 /* allocate a new cluster */
449 if ((cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) &&
450 (n_end - n_start) < s->cluster_sectors) {
451 /* if the cluster is already compressed, we must
452 decompress it in the case it is not completely
454 if (decompress_cluster(bs, cluster_offset) < 0)
456 cluster_offset = bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs);
457 cluster_offset = (cluster_offset + s->cluster_size - 1) &
458 ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
459 /* write the cluster content */
460 if (bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, cluster_offset, s->cluster_cache,
465 cluster_offset = bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs);
467 /* round to cluster size */
468 cluster_offset = (cluster_offset + s->cluster_size - 1) &
469 ~(s->cluster_size - 1);
470 bdrv_truncate(bs->file->bs, cluster_offset + s->cluster_size);
471 /* if encrypted, we must initialize the cluster
472 content which won't be written */
474 (n_end - n_start) < s->cluster_sectors) {
477 start_sect = (offset & ~(s->cluster_size - 1)) >> 9;
478 memset(s->cluster_data + 512, 0x00, 512);
479 for(i = 0; i < s->cluster_sectors; i++) {
480 if (i < n_start || i >= n_end) {
482 if (encrypt_sectors(s, start_sect + i,
484 s->cluster_data + 512, 1,
490 if (bdrv_pwrite(bs->file,
491 cluster_offset + i * 512,
492 s->cluster_data, 512) != 512)
497 } else if (allocate == 2) {
498 cluster_offset |= QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED |
499 (uint64_t)compressed_size << (63 - s->cluster_bits);
502 /* update L2 table */
503 tmp = cpu_to_be64(cluster_offset);
504 l2_table[l2_index] = tmp;
505 if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, l2_offset + l2_index * sizeof(tmp),
506 &tmp, sizeof(tmp)) < 0)
509 return cluster_offset;
512 static int64_t coroutine_fn qcow_co_get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
513 int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, int *pnum, BlockDriverState **file)
515 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
516 int index_in_cluster, n;
517 uint64_t cluster_offset;
519 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
520 cluster_offset = get_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9, 0, 0, 0, 0);
521 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
522 index_in_cluster = sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
523 n = s->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
527 if (!cluster_offset) {
530 if ((cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) || s->cipher) {
531 return BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
533 cluster_offset |= (index_in_cluster << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
534 *file = bs->file->bs;
535 return BDRV_BLOCK_DATA | BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID | cluster_offset;
538 static int decompress_buffer(uint8_t *out_buf, int out_buf_size,
539 const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size)
541 z_stream strm1, *strm = &strm1;
544 memset(strm, 0, sizeof(*strm));
546 strm->next_in = (uint8_t *)buf;
547 strm->avail_in = buf_size;
548 strm->next_out = out_buf;
549 strm->avail_out = out_buf_size;
551 ret = inflateInit2(strm, -12);
554 ret = inflate(strm, Z_FINISH);
555 out_len = strm->next_out - out_buf;
556 if ((ret != Z_STREAM_END && ret != Z_BUF_ERROR) ||
557 out_len != out_buf_size) {
565 static int decompress_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t cluster_offset)
567 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
571 coffset = cluster_offset & s->cluster_offset_mask;
572 if (s->cluster_cache_offset != coffset) {
573 csize = cluster_offset >> (63 - s->cluster_bits);
574 csize &= (s->cluster_size - 1);
575 ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, coffset, s->cluster_data, csize);
578 if (decompress_buffer(s->cluster_cache, s->cluster_size,
579 s->cluster_data, csize) < 0) {
582 s->cluster_cache_offset = coffset;
587 static coroutine_fn int qcow_co_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
588 int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
590 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
591 int index_in_cluster;
593 uint64_t cluster_offset;
595 QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
600 if (qiov->niov > 1) {
601 buf = orig_buf = qemu_try_blockalign(bs, qiov->size);
607 buf = (uint8_t *)qiov->iov->iov_base;
610 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
612 while (nb_sectors != 0) {
613 /* prepare next request */
614 cluster_offset = get_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9,
616 index_in_cluster = sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
617 n = s->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
618 if (n > nb_sectors) {
622 if (!cluster_offset) {
624 /* read from the base image */
625 hd_iov.iov_base = (void *)buf;
626 hd_iov.iov_len = n * 512;
627 qemu_iovec_init_external(&hd_qiov, &hd_iov, 1);
628 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
629 ret = bdrv_co_readv(bs->backing, sector_num, n, &hd_qiov);
630 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
635 /* Note: in this case, no need to wait */
636 memset(buf, 0, 512 * n);
638 } else if (cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) {
639 /* add AIO support for compressed blocks ? */
640 if (decompress_cluster(bs, cluster_offset) < 0) {
644 s->cluster_cache + index_in_cluster * 512, 512 * n);
646 if ((cluster_offset & 511) != 0) {
649 hd_iov.iov_base = (void *)buf;
650 hd_iov.iov_len = n * 512;
651 qemu_iovec_init_external(&hd_qiov, &hd_iov, 1);
652 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
653 ret = bdrv_co_readv(bs->file,
654 (cluster_offset >> 9) + index_in_cluster,
656 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
662 if (encrypt_sectors(s, sector_num, buf, buf,
663 n, false, &err) < 0) {
676 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
678 if (qiov->niov > 1) {
679 qemu_iovec_from_buf(qiov, 0, orig_buf, qiov->size);
680 qemu_vfree(orig_buf);
691 static coroutine_fn int qcow_co_writev(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
692 int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
694 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
695 int index_in_cluster;
696 uint64_t cluster_offset;
697 const uint8_t *src_buf;
699 uint8_t *cluster_data = NULL;
701 QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
705 s->cluster_cache_offset = -1; /* disable compressed cache */
707 if (qiov->niov > 1) {
708 buf = orig_buf = qemu_try_blockalign(bs, qiov->size);
712 qemu_iovec_to_buf(qiov, 0, buf, qiov->size);
715 buf = (uint8_t *)qiov->iov->iov_base;
718 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
720 while (nb_sectors != 0) {
722 index_in_cluster = sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
723 n = s->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster;
724 if (n > nb_sectors) {
727 cluster_offset = get_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9, 1, 0,
729 index_in_cluster + n);
730 if (!cluster_offset || (cluster_offset & 511) != 0) {
738 cluster_data = g_malloc0(s->cluster_size);
740 if (encrypt_sectors(s, sector_num, cluster_data, buf,
741 n, true, &err) < 0) {
746 src_buf = cluster_data;
751 hd_iov.iov_base = (void *)src_buf;
752 hd_iov.iov_len = n * 512;
753 qemu_iovec_init_external(&hd_qiov, &hd_iov, 1);
754 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
755 ret = bdrv_co_writev(bs->file,
756 (cluster_offset >> 9) + index_in_cluster,
758 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
768 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
770 if (qiov->niov > 1) {
771 qemu_vfree(orig_buf);
773 g_free(cluster_data);
778 static void qcow_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
780 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
782 qcrypto_cipher_free(s->cipher);
785 qemu_vfree(s->l2_cache);
786 g_free(s->cluster_cache);
787 g_free(s->cluster_data);
789 migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
790 error_free(s->migration_blocker);
793 static int qcow_create(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
795 int header_size, backing_filename_len, l1_size, shift, i;
798 int64_t total_size = 0;
799 char *backing_file = NULL;
801 Error *local_err = NULL;
803 BlockBackend *qcow_blk;
805 /* Read out options */
806 total_size = ROUND_UP(qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0),
808 backing_file = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
809 if (qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false)) {
810 flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT;
813 ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err);
815 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
819 qcow_blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, NULL,
820 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL, &local_err);
821 if (qcow_blk == NULL) {
822 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
827 blk_set_allow_write_beyond_eof(qcow_blk, true);
829 ret = blk_truncate(qcow_blk, 0);
834 memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
835 header.magic = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_MAGIC);
836 header.version = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_VERSION);
837 header.size = cpu_to_be64(total_size);
838 header_size = sizeof(header);
839 backing_filename_len = 0;
841 if (strcmp(backing_file, "fat:")) {
842 header.backing_file_offset = cpu_to_be64(header_size);
843 backing_filename_len = strlen(backing_file);
844 header.backing_file_size = cpu_to_be32(backing_filename_len);
845 header_size += backing_filename_len;
847 /* special backing file for vvfat */
850 header.cluster_bits = 9; /* 512 byte cluster to avoid copying
851 unmodified sectors */
852 header.l2_bits = 12; /* 32 KB L2 tables */
854 header.cluster_bits = 12; /* 4 KB clusters */
855 header.l2_bits = 9; /* 4 KB L2 tables */
857 header_size = (header_size + 7) & ~7;
858 shift = header.cluster_bits + header.l2_bits;
859 l1_size = (total_size + (1LL << shift) - 1) >> shift;
861 header.l1_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(header_size);
862 if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT) {
863 header.crypt_method = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_CRYPT_AES);
865 header.crypt_method = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_CRYPT_NONE);
868 /* write all the data */
869 ret = blk_pwrite(qcow_blk, 0, &header, sizeof(header), 0);
870 if (ret != sizeof(header)) {
875 ret = blk_pwrite(qcow_blk, sizeof(header),
876 backing_file, backing_filename_len, 0);
877 if (ret != backing_filename_len) {
882 tmp = g_malloc0(BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
883 for (i = 0; i < DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(uint64_t) * l1_size, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
885 ret = blk_pwrite(qcow_blk, header_size + BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * i,
886 tmp, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, 0);
887 if (ret != BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
898 g_free(backing_file);
902 static int qcow_make_empty(BlockDriverState *bs)
904 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
905 uint32_t l1_length = s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
908 memset(s->l1_table, 0, l1_length);
909 if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, s->l1_table_offset, s->l1_table,
912 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs->file->bs, s->l1_table_offset + l1_length);
916 memset(s->l2_cache, 0, s->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint64_t));
917 memset(s->l2_cache_offsets, 0, L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint64_t));
918 memset(s->l2_cache_counts, 0, L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint32_t));
923 /* XXX: put compressed sectors first, then all the cluster aligned
924 tables to avoid losing bytes in alignment */
925 static coroutine_fn int
926 qcow_co_pwritev_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
927 uint64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
929 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
930 QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
934 uint8_t *buf, *out_buf;
935 uint64_t cluster_offset;
937 buf = qemu_blockalign(bs, s->cluster_size);
938 if (bytes != s->cluster_size) {
939 if (bytes > s->cluster_size ||
940 offset + bytes != bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)
945 /* Zero-pad last write if image size is not cluster aligned */
946 memset(buf + bytes, 0, s->cluster_size - bytes);
948 qemu_iovec_to_buf(qiov, 0, buf, qiov->size);
950 out_buf = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
952 /* best compression, small window, no zlib header */
953 memset(&strm, 0, sizeof(strm));
954 ret = deflateInit2(&strm, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION,
956 9, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
962 strm.avail_in = s->cluster_size;
963 strm.next_in = (uint8_t *)buf;
964 strm.avail_out = s->cluster_size;
965 strm.next_out = out_buf;
967 ret = deflate(&strm, Z_FINISH);
968 if (ret != Z_STREAM_END && ret != Z_OK) {
973 out_len = strm.next_out - out_buf;
977 if (ret != Z_STREAM_END || out_len >= s->cluster_size) {
978 /* could not compress: write normal cluster */
979 ret = qcow_co_writev(bs, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
980 bytes >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, qiov);
986 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
987 cluster_offset = get_cluster_offset(bs, offset, 2, out_len, 0, 0);
988 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
989 if (cluster_offset == 0) {
993 cluster_offset &= s->cluster_offset_mask;
995 iov = (struct iovec) {
999 qemu_iovec_init_external(&hd_qiov, &iov, 1);
1000 ret = bdrv_co_pwritev(bs->file, cluster_offset, out_len, &hd_qiov, 0);
1012 static int qcow_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
1014 BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
1015 bdi->cluster_size = s->cluster_size;
1019 static QemuOptsList qcow_create_opts = {
1020 .name = "qcow-create-opts",
1021 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qcow_create_opts.head),
1024 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
1025 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
1026 .help = "Virtual disk size"
1029 .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE,
1030 .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1031 .help = "File name of a base image"
1034 .name = BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT,
1035 .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1036 .help = "Encrypt the image",
1037 .def_value_str = "off"
1039 { /* end of list */ }
1043 static BlockDriver bdrv_qcow = {
1044 .format_name = "qcow",
1045 .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVQcowState),
1046 .bdrv_probe = qcow_probe,
1047 .bdrv_open = qcow_open,
1048 .bdrv_close = qcow_close,
1049 .bdrv_reopen_prepare = qcow_reopen_prepare,
1050 .bdrv_create = qcow_create,
1051 .bdrv_has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init_1,
1052 .supports_backing = true,
1054 .bdrv_co_readv = qcow_co_readv,
1055 .bdrv_co_writev = qcow_co_writev,
1056 .bdrv_co_get_block_status = qcow_co_get_block_status,
1058 .bdrv_set_key = qcow_set_key,
1059 .bdrv_make_empty = qcow_make_empty,
1060 .bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed = qcow_co_pwritev_compressed,
1061 .bdrv_get_info = qcow_get_info,
1063 .create_opts = &qcow_create_opts,
1066 static void bdrv_qcow_init(void)
1068 bdrv_register(&bdrv_qcow);
1071 block_init(bdrv_qcow_init);