4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
28 #include <sys/types.h>
32 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
33 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
34 #include "qemu/bitops.h"
35 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
36 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
37 #include "audio/audio.h"
38 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
39 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
40 #include "hw/audio/audio.h"
41 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
42 #include "migration/migration.h"
43 #include "hw/i386/smbios.h"
44 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
45 #include "hw/audio/pcspk.h"
46 #include "migration/page_cache.h"
47 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
48 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
49 #include "qmp-commands.h"
51 #include "exec/cpu-all.h"
52 #include "exec/ram_addr.h"
53 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
54 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
55 #include "qemu/rcu_queue.h"
57 #ifdef DEBUG_ARCH_INIT
58 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
59 do { fprintf(stdout, "arch_init: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
61 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
66 int graphic_width = 1024;
67 int graphic_height = 768;
68 int graphic_depth = 8;
70 int graphic_width = 800;
71 int graphic_height = 600;
72 int graphic_depth = 32;
76 #if defined(TARGET_ALPHA)
77 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_ALPHA
78 #elif defined(TARGET_ARM)
79 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_ARM
80 #elif defined(TARGET_CRIS)
81 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_CRIS
82 #elif defined(TARGET_I386)
83 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_I386
84 #elif defined(TARGET_M68K)
85 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_M68K
86 #elif defined(TARGET_LM32)
87 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_LM32
88 #elif defined(TARGET_MICROBLAZE)
89 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_MICROBLAZE
90 #elif defined(TARGET_MIPS)
91 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_MIPS
92 #elif defined(TARGET_MOXIE)
93 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_MOXIE
94 #elif defined(TARGET_OPENRISC)
95 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_OPENRISC
96 #elif defined(TARGET_PPC)
97 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_PPC
98 #elif defined(TARGET_S390X)
99 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_S390X
100 #elif defined(TARGET_SH4)
101 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_SH4
102 #elif defined(TARGET_SPARC)
103 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_SPARC
104 #elif defined(TARGET_XTENSA)
105 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA
106 #elif defined(TARGET_UNICORE32)
107 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_UNICORE32
108 #elif defined(TARGET_TRICORE)
109 #define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_TRICORE
112 const uint32_t arch_type = QEMU_ARCH;
113 static bool mig_throttle_on;
114 static int dirty_rate_high_cnt;
115 static void check_guest_throttling(void);
117 static uint64_t bitmap_sync_count;
119 /***********************************************************/
120 /* ram save/restore */
122 #define RAM_SAVE_FLAG_FULL 0x01 /* Obsolete, not used anymore */
123 #define RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS 0x02
124 #define RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MEM_SIZE 0x04
125 #define RAM_SAVE_FLAG_PAGE 0x08
126 #define RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS 0x10
127 #define RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE 0x20
128 #define RAM_SAVE_FLAG_XBZRLE 0x40
129 /* 0x80 is reserved in migration.h start with 0x100 next */
131 static struct defconfig_file {
132 const char *filename;
133 /* Indicates it is an user config file (disabled by -no-user-config) */
135 } default_config_files[] = {
136 { CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf", true },
137 { CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/target-" TARGET_NAME ".conf", true },
138 { NULL }, /* end of list */
141 static const uint8_t ZERO_TARGET_PAGE[TARGET_PAGE_SIZE];
143 int qemu_read_default_config_files(bool userconfig)
146 struct defconfig_file *f;
148 for (f = default_config_files; f->filename; f++) {
149 if (!userconfig && f->userconfig) {
152 ret = qemu_read_config_file(f->filename);
153 if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENOENT) {
161 static inline bool is_zero_range(uint8_t *p, uint64_t size)
163 return buffer_find_nonzero_offset(p, size) == size;
166 /* struct contains XBZRLE cache and a static page
167 used by the compression */
169 /* buffer used for XBZRLE encoding */
170 uint8_t *encoded_buf;
171 /* buffer for storing page content */
172 uint8_t *current_buf;
173 /* Cache for XBZRLE, Protected by lock. */
178 /* buffer used for XBZRLE decoding */
179 static uint8_t *xbzrle_decoded_buf;
181 static void XBZRLE_cache_lock(void)
183 if (migrate_use_xbzrle())
184 qemu_mutex_lock(&XBZRLE.lock);
187 static void XBZRLE_cache_unlock(void)
189 if (migrate_use_xbzrle())
190 qemu_mutex_unlock(&XBZRLE.lock);
194 * called from qmp_migrate_set_cache_size in main thread, possibly while
195 * a migration is in progress.
196 * A running migration maybe using the cache and might finish during this
197 * call, hence changes to the cache are protected by XBZRLE.lock().
199 int64_t xbzrle_cache_resize(int64_t new_size)
201 PageCache *new_cache;
204 if (new_size < TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
210 if (XBZRLE.cache != NULL) {
211 if (pow2floor(new_size) == migrate_xbzrle_cache_size()) {
214 new_cache = cache_init(new_size / TARGET_PAGE_SIZE,
217 error_report("Error creating cache");
222 cache_fini(XBZRLE.cache);
223 XBZRLE.cache = new_cache;
227 ret = pow2floor(new_size);
229 XBZRLE_cache_unlock();
233 /* accounting for migration statistics */
234 typedef struct AccountingInfo {
236 uint64_t skipped_pages;
239 uint64_t xbzrle_bytes;
240 uint64_t xbzrle_pages;
241 uint64_t xbzrle_cache_miss;
242 double xbzrle_cache_miss_rate;
243 uint64_t xbzrle_overflows;
246 static AccountingInfo acct_info;
248 static void acct_clear(void)
250 memset(&acct_info, 0, sizeof(acct_info));
253 uint64_t dup_mig_bytes_transferred(void)
255 return acct_info.dup_pages * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
258 uint64_t dup_mig_pages_transferred(void)
260 return acct_info.dup_pages;
263 uint64_t skipped_mig_bytes_transferred(void)
265 return acct_info.skipped_pages * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
268 uint64_t skipped_mig_pages_transferred(void)
270 return acct_info.skipped_pages;
273 uint64_t norm_mig_bytes_transferred(void)
275 return acct_info.norm_pages * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
278 uint64_t norm_mig_pages_transferred(void)
280 return acct_info.norm_pages;
283 uint64_t xbzrle_mig_bytes_transferred(void)
285 return acct_info.xbzrle_bytes;
288 uint64_t xbzrle_mig_pages_transferred(void)
290 return acct_info.xbzrle_pages;
293 uint64_t xbzrle_mig_pages_cache_miss(void)
295 return acct_info.xbzrle_cache_miss;
298 double xbzrle_mig_cache_miss_rate(void)
300 return acct_info.xbzrle_cache_miss_rate;
303 uint64_t xbzrle_mig_pages_overflow(void)
305 return acct_info.xbzrle_overflows;
308 static size_t save_block_hdr(QEMUFile *f, RAMBlock *block, ram_addr_t offset,
313 qemu_put_be64(f, offset | cont | flag);
317 qemu_put_byte(f, strlen(block->idstr));
318 qemu_put_buffer(f, (uint8_t *)block->idstr,
319 strlen(block->idstr));
320 size += 1 + strlen(block->idstr);
325 /* This is the last block that we have visited serching for dirty pages
327 static RAMBlock *last_seen_block;
328 /* This is the last block from where we have sent data */
329 static RAMBlock *last_sent_block;
330 static ram_addr_t last_offset;
331 static unsigned long *migration_bitmap;
332 static uint64_t migration_dirty_pages;
333 static uint32_t last_version;
334 static bool ram_bulk_stage;
336 /* Update the xbzrle cache to reflect a page that's been sent as all 0.
337 * The important thing is that a stale (not-yet-0'd) page be replaced
339 * As a bonus, if the page wasn't in the cache it gets added so that
340 * when a small write is made into the 0'd page it gets XBZRLE sent
342 static void xbzrle_cache_zero_page(ram_addr_t current_addr)
344 if (ram_bulk_stage || !migrate_use_xbzrle()) {
348 /* We don't care if this fails to allocate a new cache page
349 * as long as it updated an old one */
350 cache_insert(XBZRLE.cache, current_addr, ZERO_TARGET_PAGE,
354 #define ENCODING_FLAG_XBZRLE 0x1
356 static int save_xbzrle_page(QEMUFile *f, uint8_t **current_data,
357 ram_addr_t current_addr, RAMBlock *block,
358 ram_addr_t offset, int cont, bool last_stage)
360 int encoded_len = 0, bytes_sent = -1;
361 uint8_t *prev_cached_page;
363 if (!cache_is_cached(XBZRLE.cache, current_addr, bitmap_sync_count)) {
364 acct_info.xbzrle_cache_miss++;
366 if (cache_insert(XBZRLE.cache, current_addr, *current_data,
367 bitmap_sync_count) == -1) {
370 /* update *current_data when the page has been
371 inserted into cache */
372 *current_data = get_cached_data(XBZRLE.cache, current_addr);
378 prev_cached_page = get_cached_data(XBZRLE.cache, current_addr);
380 /* save current buffer into memory */
381 memcpy(XBZRLE.current_buf, *current_data, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
383 /* XBZRLE encoding (if there is no overflow) */
384 encoded_len = xbzrle_encode_buffer(prev_cached_page, XBZRLE.current_buf,
385 TARGET_PAGE_SIZE, XBZRLE.encoded_buf,
387 if (encoded_len == 0) {
388 DPRINTF("Skipping unmodified page\n");
390 } else if (encoded_len == -1) {
391 DPRINTF("Overflow\n");
392 acct_info.xbzrle_overflows++;
393 /* update data in the cache */
395 memcpy(prev_cached_page, *current_data, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
396 *current_data = prev_cached_page;
401 /* we need to update the data in the cache, in order to get the same data */
403 memcpy(prev_cached_page, XBZRLE.current_buf, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
406 /* Send XBZRLE based compressed page */
407 bytes_sent = save_block_hdr(f, block, offset, cont, RAM_SAVE_FLAG_XBZRLE);
408 qemu_put_byte(f, ENCODING_FLAG_XBZRLE);
409 qemu_put_be16(f, encoded_len);
410 qemu_put_buffer(f, XBZRLE.encoded_buf, encoded_len);
411 bytes_sent += encoded_len + 1 + 2;
412 acct_info.xbzrle_pages++;
413 acct_info.xbzrle_bytes += bytes_sent;
419 ram_addr_t migration_bitmap_find_and_reset_dirty(MemoryRegion *mr,
422 unsigned long base = mr->ram_addr >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
423 unsigned long nr = base + (start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
424 uint64_t mr_size = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(memory_region_size(mr));
425 unsigned long size = base + (mr_size >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
429 if (ram_bulk_stage && nr > base) {
432 next = find_next_bit(migration_bitmap, size, nr);
436 clear_bit(next, migration_bitmap);
437 migration_dirty_pages--;
439 return (next - base) << TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
442 static inline bool migration_bitmap_set_dirty(ram_addr_t addr)
445 int nr = addr >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
447 ret = test_and_set_bit(nr, migration_bitmap);
450 migration_dirty_pages++;
455 static void migration_bitmap_sync_range(ram_addr_t start, ram_addr_t length)
458 unsigned long page = BIT_WORD(start >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
460 /* start address is aligned at the start of a word? */
461 if (((page * BITS_PER_LONG) << TARGET_PAGE_BITS) == start) {
463 int nr = BITS_TO_LONGS(length >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
464 unsigned long *src = ram_list.dirty_memory[DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION];
466 for (k = page; k < page + nr; k++) {
468 unsigned long new_dirty;
469 new_dirty = ~migration_bitmap[k];
470 migration_bitmap[k] |= src[k];
472 migration_dirty_pages += ctpopl(new_dirty);
477 for (addr = 0; addr < length; addr += TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
478 if (cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty(start + addr,
480 DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION)) {
481 cpu_physical_memory_reset_dirty(start + addr,
483 DIRTY_MEMORY_MIGRATION);
484 migration_bitmap_set_dirty(start + addr);
491 /* Fix me: there are too many global variables used in migration process. */
492 static int64_t start_time;
493 static int64_t bytes_xfer_prev;
494 static int64_t num_dirty_pages_period;
496 static void migration_bitmap_sync_init(void)
500 num_dirty_pages_period = 0;
503 /* Called with iothread lock held, to protect ram_list.dirty_memory[] */
504 static void migration_bitmap_sync(void)
507 uint64_t num_dirty_pages_init = migration_dirty_pages;
508 MigrationState *s = migrate_get_current();
510 int64_t bytes_xfer_now;
511 static uint64_t xbzrle_cache_miss_prev;
512 static uint64_t iterations_prev;
516 if (!bytes_xfer_prev) {
517 bytes_xfer_prev = ram_bytes_transferred();
521 start_time = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
524 trace_migration_bitmap_sync_start();
525 address_space_sync_dirty_bitmap(&address_space_memory);
528 QLIST_FOREACH_RCU(block, &ram_list.blocks, next) {
529 migration_bitmap_sync_range(block->mr->ram_addr, block->used_length);
533 trace_migration_bitmap_sync_end(migration_dirty_pages
534 - num_dirty_pages_init);
535 num_dirty_pages_period += migration_dirty_pages - num_dirty_pages_init;
536 end_time = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
538 /* more than 1 second = 1000 millisecons */
539 if (end_time > start_time + 1000) {
540 if (migrate_auto_converge()) {
541 /* The following detection logic can be refined later. For now:
542 Check to see if the dirtied bytes is 50% more than the approx.
543 amount of bytes that just got transferred since the last time we
544 were in this routine. If that happens >N times (for now N==4)
545 we turn on the throttle down logic */
546 bytes_xfer_now = ram_bytes_transferred();
547 if (s->dirty_pages_rate &&
548 (num_dirty_pages_period * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE >
549 (bytes_xfer_now - bytes_xfer_prev)/2) &&
550 (dirty_rate_high_cnt++ > 4)) {
551 trace_migration_throttle();
552 mig_throttle_on = true;
553 dirty_rate_high_cnt = 0;
555 bytes_xfer_prev = bytes_xfer_now;
557 mig_throttle_on = false;
559 if (migrate_use_xbzrle()) {
560 if (iterations_prev != 0) {
561 acct_info.xbzrle_cache_miss_rate =
562 (double)(acct_info.xbzrle_cache_miss -
563 xbzrle_cache_miss_prev) /
564 (acct_info.iterations - iterations_prev);
566 iterations_prev = acct_info.iterations;
567 xbzrle_cache_miss_prev = acct_info.xbzrle_cache_miss;
569 s->dirty_pages_rate = num_dirty_pages_period * 1000
570 / (end_time - start_time);
571 s->dirty_bytes_rate = s->dirty_pages_rate * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
572 start_time = end_time;
573 num_dirty_pages_period = 0;
574 s->dirty_sync_count = bitmap_sync_count;
579 * ram_save_page: Send the given page to the stream
581 * Returns: Number of bytes written.
583 static int ram_save_page(QEMUFile *f, RAMBlock* block, ram_addr_t offset,
589 ram_addr_t current_addr;
590 MemoryRegion *mr = block->mr;
593 bool send_async = true;
595 cont = (block == last_sent_block) ? RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE : 0;
597 p = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mr) + offset;
599 /* In doubt sent page as normal */
602 ret = ram_control_save_page(f, block->offset,
603 offset, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE, &bytes_xmit);
605 bytes_sent = bytes_xmit;
610 current_addr = block->offset + offset;
611 if (ret != RAM_SAVE_CONTROL_NOT_SUPP) {
612 if (ret != RAM_SAVE_CONTROL_DELAYED) {
613 if (bytes_xmit > 0) {
614 acct_info.norm_pages++;
615 } else if (bytes_xmit == 0) {
616 acct_info.dup_pages++;
619 } else if (is_zero_range(p, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE)) {
620 acct_info.dup_pages++;
621 bytes_sent = save_block_hdr(f, block, offset, cont,
622 RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS);
625 /* Must let xbzrle know, otherwise a previous (now 0'd) cached
626 * page would be stale
628 xbzrle_cache_zero_page(current_addr);
629 } else if (!ram_bulk_stage && migrate_use_xbzrle()) {
630 bytes_sent = save_xbzrle_page(f, &p, current_addr, block,
631 offset, cont, last_stage);
633 /* Can't send this cached data async, since the cache page
634 * might get updated before it gets to the wire
640 /* XBZRLE overflow or normal page */
641 if (bytes_sent == -1) {
642 bytes_sent = save_block_hdr(f, block, offset, cont, RAM_SAVE_FLAG_PAGE);
644 qemu_put_buffer_async(f, p, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
646 qemu_put_buffer(f, p, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
648 bytes_sent += TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
649 acct_info.norm_pages++;
652 XBZRLE_cache_unlock();
658 * ram_find_and_save_block: Finds a dirty page and sends it to f
660 * Called within an RCU critical section.
662 * Returns: The number of pages written
663 * 0 means no dirty pages
665 * @f: QEMUFile where to send the data
666 * @last_stage: if we are at the completion stage
667 * @bytes_transferred: increase it with the number of transferred bytes
670 static int ram_find_and_save_block(QEMUFile *f, bool last_stage,
671 uint64_t *bytes_transferred)
673 RAMBlock *block = last_seen_block;
674 ram_addr_t offset = last_offset;
675 bool complete_round = false;
680 block = QLIST_FIRST_RCU(&ram_list.blocks);
684 offset = migration_bitmap_find_and_reset_dirty(mr, offset);
685 if (complete_round && block == last_seen_block &&
686 offset >= last_offset) {
689 if (offset >= block->used_length) {
691 block = QLIST_NEXT_RCU(block, next);
693 block = QLIST_FIRST_RCU(&ram_list.blocks);
694 complete_round = true;
695 ram_bulk_stage = false;
698 bytes_sent = ram_save_page(f, block, offset, last_stage);
700 /* if page is unmodified, continue to the next */
701 if (bytes_sent > 0) {
702 last_sent_block = block;
708 last_seen_block = block;
709 last_offset = offset;
711 *bytes_transferred += bytes_sent;
713 return (bytes_sent != 0);
716 static uint64_t bytes_transferred;
718 void acct_update_position(QEMUFile *f, size_t size, bool zero)
720 uint64_t pages = size / TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
722 acct_info.dup_pages += pages;
724 acct_info.norm_pages += pages;
725 bytes_transferred += size;
726 qemu_update_position(f, size);
730 static ram_addr_t ram_save_remaining(void)
732 return migration_dirty_pages;
735 uint64_t ram_bytes_remaining(void)
737 return ram_save_remaining() * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
740 uint64_t ram_bytes_transferred(void)
742 return bytes_transferred;
745 uint64_t ram_bytes_total(void)
751 QLIST_FOREACH_RCU(block, &ram_list.blocks, next)
752 total += block->used_length;
757 void free_xbzrle_decoded_buf(void)
759 g_free(xbzrle_decoded_buf);
760 xbzrle_decoded_buf = NULL;
763 static void migration_end(void)
765 if (migration_bitmap) {
766 memory_global_dirty_log_stop();
767 g_free(migration_bitmap);
768 migration_bitmap = NULL;
773 cache_fini(XBZRLE.cache);
774 g_free(XBZRLE.encoded_buf);
775 g_free(XBZRLE.current_buf);
777 XBZRLE.encoded_buf = NULL;
778 XBZRLE.current_buf = NULL;
780 XBZRLE_cache_unlock();
783 static void ram_migration_cancel(void *opaque)
788 static void reset_ram_globals(void)
790 last_seen_block = NULL;
791 last_sent_block = NULL;
793 last_version = ram_list.version;
794 ram_bulk_stage = true;
797 #define MAX_WAIT 50 /* ms, half buffered_file limit */
800 /* Each of ram_save_setup, ram_save_iterate and ram_save_complete has
801 * long-running RCU critical section. When rcu-reclaims in the code
802 * start to become numerous it will be necessary to reduce the
803 * granularity of these critical sections.
806 static int ram_save_setup(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque)
809 int64_t ram_bitmap_pages; /* Size of bitmap in pages, including gaps */
811 mig_throttle_on = false;
812 dirty_rate_high_cnt = 0;
813 bitmap_sync_count = 0;
814 migration_bitmap_sync_init();
816 if (migrate_use_xbzrle()) {
818 XBZRLE.cache = cache_init(migrate_xbzrle_cache_size() /
822 XBZRLE_cache_unlock();
823 error_report("Error creating cache");
826 XBZRLE_cache_unlock();
828 /* We prefer not to abort if there is no memory */
829 XBZRLE.encoded_buf = g_try_malloc0(TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
830 if (!XBZRLE.encoded_buf) {
831 error_report("Error allocating encoded_buf");
835 XBZRLE.current_buf = g_try_malloc(TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
836 if (!XBZRLE.current_buf) {
837 error_report("Error allocating current_buf");
838 g_free(XBZRLE.encoded_buf);
839 XBZRLE.encoded_buf = NULL;
846 /* iothread lock needed for ram_list.dirty_memory[] */
847 qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
848 qemu_mutex_lock_ramlist();
850 bytes_transferred = 0;
853 ram_bitmap_pages = last_ram_offset() >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
854 migration_bitmap = bitmap_new(ram_bitmap_pages);
855 bitmap_set(migration_bitmap, 0, ram_bitmap_pages);
858 * Count the total number of pages used by ram blocks not including any
859 * gaps due to alignment or unplugs.
861 migration_dirty_pages = 0;
862 QLIST_FOREACH_RCU(block, &ram_list.blocks, next) {
863 uint64_t block_pages;
865 block_pages = block->used_length >> TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
866 migration_dirty_pages += block_pages;
869 memory_global_dirty_log_start();
870 migration_bitmap_sync();
871 qemu_mutex_unlock_ramlist();
872 qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
874 qemu_put_be64(f, ram_bytes_total() | RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MEM_SIZE);
876 QLIST_FOREACH_RCU(block, &ram_list.blocks, next) {
877 qemu_put_byte(f, strlen(block->idstr));
878 qemu_put_buffer(f, (uint8_t *)block->idstr, strlen(block->idstr));
879 qemu_put_be64(f, block->used_length);
884 ram_control_before_iterate(f, RAM_CONTROL_SETUP);
885 ram_control_after_iterate(f, RAM_CONTROL_SETUP);
887 qemu_put_be64(f, RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS);
892 static int ram_save_iterate(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque)
900 if (ram_list.version != last_version) {
904 /* Read version before ram_list.blocks */
907 ram_control_before_iterate(f, RAM_CONTROL_ROUND);
909 t0 = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
911 while ((ret = qemu_file_rate_limit(f)) == 0) {
914 pages = ram_find_and_save_block(f, false, &bytes_transferred);
915 /* no more pages to sent */
920 acct_info.iterations++;
921 check_guest_throttling();
922 /* we want to check in the 1st loop, just in case it was the 1st time
923 and we had to sync the dirty bitmap.
924 qemu_get_clock_ns() is a bit expensive, so we only check each some
928 uint64_t t1 = (qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME) - t0) / 1000000;
930 DPRINTF("big wait: %" PRIu64 " milliseconds, %d iterations\n",
940 * Must occur before EOS (or any QEMUFile operation)
941 * because of RDMA protocol.
943 ram_control_after_iterate(f, RAM_CONTROL_ROUND);
945 qemu_put_be64(f, RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS);
946 bytes_transferred += 8;
948 ret = qemu_file_get_error(f);
956 /* Called with iothread lock */
957 static int ram_save_complete(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque)
961 migration_bitmap_sync();
963 ram_control_before_iterate(f, RAM_CONTROL_FINISH);
965 /* try transferring iterative blocks of memory */
967 /* flush all remaining blocks regardless of rate limiting */
971 pages = ram_find_and_save_block(f, true, &bytes_transferred);
972 /* no more blocks to sent */
978 ram_control_after_iterate(f, RAM_CONTROL_FINISH);
982 qemu_put_be64(f, RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS);
987 static uint64_t ram_save_pending(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque, uint64_t max_size)
989 uint64_t remaining_size;
991 remaining_size = ram_save_remaining() * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
993 if (remaining_size < max_size) {
994 qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
996 migration_bitmap_sync();
998 qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
999 remaining_size = ram_save_remaining() * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
1001 return remaining_size;
1004 static int load_xbzrle(QEMUFile *f, ram_addr_t addr, void *host)
1006 unsigned int xh_len;
1009 if (!xbzrle_decoded_buf) {
1010 xbzrle_decoded_buf = g_malloc(TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
1013 /* extract RLE header */
1014 xh_flags = qemu_get_byte(f);
1015 xh_len = qemu_get_be16(f);
1017 if (xh_flags != ENCODING_FLAG_XBZRLE) {
1018 error_report("Failed to load XBZRLE page - wrong compression!");
1022 if (xh_len > TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
1023 error_report("Failed to load XBZRLE page - len overflow!");
1026 /* load data and decode */
1027 qemu_get_buffer(f, xbzrle_decoded_buf, xh_len);
1030 if (xbzrle_decode_buffer(xbzrle_decoded_buf, xh_len, host,
1031 TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) == -1) {
1032 error_report("Failed to load XBZRLE page - decode error!");
1039 /* Must be called from within a rcu critical section.
1040 * Returns a pointer from within the RCU-protected ram_list.
1042 static inline void *host_from_stream_offset(QEMUFile *f,
1046 static RAMBlock *block = NULL;
1050 if (flags & RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE) {
1051 if (!block || block->max_length <= offset) {
1052 error_report("Ack, bad migration stream!");
1056 return memory_region_get_ram_ptr(block->mr) + offset;
1059 len = qemu_get_byte(f);
1060 qemu_get_buffer(f, (uint8_t *)id, len);
1063 QLIST_FOREACH_RCU(block, &ram_list.blocks, next) {
1064 if (!strncmp(id, block->idstr, sizeof(id)) &&
1065 block->max_length > offset) {
1066 return memory_region_get_ram_ptr(block->mr) + offset;
1070 error_report("Can't find block %s!", id);
1075 * If a page (or a whole RDMA chunk) has been
1076 * determined to be zero, then zap it.
1078 void ram_handle_compressed(void *host, uint8_t ch, uint64_t size)
1080 if (ch != 0 || !is_zero_range(host, size)) {
1081 memset(host, ch, size);
1085 static int ram_load(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque, int version_id)
1087 int flags = 0, ret = 0;
1088 static uint64_t seq_iter;
1092 if (version_id != 4) {
1096 /* This RCU critical section can be very long running.
1097 * When RCU reclaims in the code start to become numerous,
1098 * it will be necessary to reduce the granularity of this
1102 while (!ret && !(flags & RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS)) {
1103 ram_addr_t addr, total_ram_bytes;
1107 addr = qemu_get_be64(f);
1108 flags = addr & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
1109 addr &= TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
1111 switch (flags & ~RAM_SAVE_FLAG_CONTINUE) {
1112 case RAM_SAVE_FLAG_MEM_SIZE:
1113 /* Synchronize RAM block list */
1114 total_ram_bytes = addr;
1115 while (!ret && total_ram_bytes) {
1121 len = qemu_get_byte(f);
1122 qemu_get_buffer(f, (uint8_t *)id, len);
1124 length = qemu_get_be64(f);
1126 QLIST_FOREACH_RCU(block, &ram_list.blocks, next) {
1127 if (!strncmp(id, block->idstr, sizeof(id))) {
1128 if (length != block->used_length) {
1129 Error *local_err = NULL;
1131 ret = qemu_ram_resize(block->offset, length, &local_err);
1133 error_report_err(local_err);
1141 error_report("Unknown ramblock \"%s\", cannot "
1142 "accept migration", id);
1146 total_ram_bytes -= length;
1149 case RAM_SAVE_FLAG_COMPRESS:
1150 host = host_from_stream_offset(f, addr, flags);
1152 error_report("Illegal RAM offset " RAM_ADDR_FMT, addr);
1156 ch = qemu_get_byte(f);
1157 ram_handle_compressed(host, ch, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
1159 case RAM_SAVE_FLAG_PAGE:
1160 host = host_from_stream_offset(f, addr, flags);
1162 error_report("Illegal RAM offset " RAM_ADDR_FMT, addr);
1166 qemu_get_buffer(f, host, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
1168 case RAM_SAVE_FLAG_XBZRLE:
1169 host = host_from_stream_offset(f, addr, flags);
1171 error_report("Illegal RAM offset " RAM_ADDR_FMT, addr);
1175 if (load_xbzrle(f, addr, host) < 0) {
1176 error_report("Failed to decompress XBZRLE page at "
1177 RAM_ADDR_FMT, addr);
1182 case RAM_SAVE_FLAG_EOS:
1186 if (flags & RAM_SAVE_FLAG_HOOK) {
1187 ram_control_load_hook(f, flags);
1189 error_report("Unknown combination of migration flags: %#x",
1195 ret = qemu_file_get_error(f);
1200 DPRINTF("Completed load of VM with exit code %d seq iteration "
1201 "%" PRIu64 "\n", ret, seq_iter);
1205 static SaveVMHandlers savevm_ram_handlers = {
1206 .save_live_setup = ram_save_setup,
1207 .save_live_iterate = ram_save_iterate,
1208 .save_live_complete = ram_save_complete,
1209 .save_live_pending = ram_save_pending,
1210 .load_state = ram_load,
1211 .cancel = ram_migration_cancel,
1214 void ram_mig_init(void)
1216 qemu_mutex_init(&XBZRLE.lock);
1217 register_savevm_live(NULL, "ram", 0, 4, &savevm_ram_handlers, NULL);
1226 int (*init_isa) (ISABus *bus);
1227 int (*init_pci) (PCIBus *bus);
1231 static struct soundhw soundhw[9];
1232 static int soundhw_count;
1234 void isa_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
1235 int (*init_isa)(ISABus *bus))
1237 assert(soundhw_count < ARRAY_SIZE(soundhw) - 1);
1238 soundhw[soundhw_count].name = name;
1239 soundhw[soundhw_count].descr = descr;
1240 soundhw[soundhw_count].isa = 1;
1241 soundhw[soundhw_count].init.init_isa = init_isa;
1245 void pci_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
1246 int (*init_pci)(PCIBus *bus))
1248 assert(soundhw_count < ARRAY_SIZE(soundhw) - 1);
1249 soundhw[soundhw_count].name = name;
1250 soundhw[soundhw_count].descr = descr;
1251 soundhw[soundhw_count].isa = 0;
1252 soundhw[soundhw_count].init.init_pci = init_pci;
1256 void select_soundhw(const char *optarg)
1260 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
1263 if (soundhw_count) {
1264 printf("Valid sound card names (comma separated):\n");
1265 for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
1266 printf ("%-11s %s\n", c->name, c->descr);
1268 printf("\n-soundhw all will enable all of the above\n");
1270 printf("Machine has no user-selectable audio hardware "
1271 "(it may or may not have always-present audio hardware).\n");
1273 exit(!is_help_option(optarg));
1281 if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
1282 for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
1291 l = !e ? strlen(p) : (size_t) (e - p);
1293 for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
1294 if (!strncmp(c->name, p, l) && !c->name[l]) {
1302 error_report("Unknown sound card name (too big to show)");
1305 error_report("Unknown sound card name `%.*s'",
1310 p += l + (e != NULL);
1314 goto show_valid_cards;
1319 void audio_init(void)
1322 ISABus *isa_bus = (ISABus *) object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_ISA_BUS, NULL);
1323 PCIBus *pci_bus = (PCIBus *) object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_PCI_BUS, NULL);
1325 for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
1329 error_report("ISA bus not available for %s", c->name);
1332 c->init.init_isa(isa_bus);
1335 error_report("PCI bus not available for %s", c->name);
1338 c->init.init_pci(pci_bus);
1344 int qemu_uuid_parse(const char *str, uint8_t *uuid)
1348 if (strlen(str) != 36) {
1352 ret = sscanf(str, UUID_FMT, &uuid[0], &uuid[1], &uuid[2], &uuid[3],
1353 &uuid[4], &uuid[5], &uuid[6], &uuid[7], &uuid[8], &uuid[9],
1354 &uuid[10], &uuid[11], &uuid[12], &uuid[13], &uuid[14],
1363 void do_acpitable_option(const QemuOpts *opts)
1368 acpi_table_add(opts, &err);
1370 error_report("Wrong acpi table provided: %s",
1371 error_get_pretty(err));
1378 void do_smbios_option(QemuOpts *opts)
1381 smbios_entry_add(opts);
1385 void cpudef_init(void)
1387 #if defined(cpudef_setup)
1388 cpudef_setup(); /* parse cpu definitions in target config file */
1392 int kvm_available(void)
1401 int xen_available(void)
1411 TargetInfo *qmp_query_target(Error **errp)
1413 TargetInfo *info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1415 info->arch = g_strdup(TARGET_NAME);
1420 /* Stub function that's gets run on the vcpu when its brought out of the
1421 VM to run inside qemu via async_run_on_cpu()*/
1422 static void mig_sleep_cpu(void *opq)
1424 qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
1426 qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
1429 /* To reduce the dirty rate explicitly disallow the VCPUs from spending
1430 much time in the VM. The migration thread will try to catchup.
1431 Workload will experience a performance drop.
1433 static void mig_throttle_guest_down(void)
1437 qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
1439 async_run_on_cpu(cpu, mig_sleep_cpu, NULL);
1441 qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
1444 static void check_guest_throttling(void)
1449 if (!mig_throttle_on) {
1454 t0 = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
1458 t1 = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
1460 /* If it has been more than 40 ms since the last time the guest
1461 * was throttled then do it again.
1463 if (40 < (t1-t0)/1000000) {
1464 mig_throttle_guest_down();