2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
28 #include "qemu-common.h"
29 #include "qemu-version.h"
30 #include "qapi/error.h"
31 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
32 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
33 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
37 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
38 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
39 #include "qemu/option.h"
40 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
42 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
43 #include "qemu/module.h"
44 #include "qemu/units.h"
45 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
46 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
47 #include "block/block_int.h"
48 #include "block/blockjob.h"
49 #include "block/qapi.h"
50 #include "crypto/init.h"
51 #include "trace/control.h"
53 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION \
54 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
56 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
58 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
63 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
65 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
67 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
68 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
69 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
71 OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
74 OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO = 268,
85 typedef enum OutputFormat {
90 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
91 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
93 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
98 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
103 error_vreport(fmt, ap);
106 error_printf("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
110 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
112 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
115 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
117 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
120 /* Please keep in synch with docs/tools/qemu-img.rst */
121 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
123 const char *help_msg =
125 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
126 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
128 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
129 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
130 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
131 " specify tracing options\n"
134 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
136 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
139 "Command parameters:\n"
140 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
141 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
142 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
143 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
144 " encryption keys.\n"
145 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
146 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
147 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
148 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
149 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
150 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
151 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
152 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
153 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
154 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
155 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
156 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
157 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
158 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
160 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
161 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
163 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
164 " '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
165 " new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
166 " backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
167 " backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
168 " to open the backing file.\n"
169 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
170 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
171 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
172 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
173 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
174 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
175 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
177 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
178 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
179 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
181 "Parameters to bitmap subcommand:\n"
182 " 'bitmap' is the name of the bitmap to manipulate, through one or more\n"
183 " actions from '--add', '--remove', '--clear', '--enable', '--disable',\n"
184 " or '--merge source'\n"
185 " '-g granularity' sets the granularity for '--add' actions\n"
186 " '-b source' and '-F src_fmt' tell '--merge' actions to find the source\n"
187 " bitmaps from an alternative file\n"
189 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
190 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
191 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
192 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
193 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
195 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
196 " '--bitmaps' copies all top-level persistent bitmaps to destination\n"
197 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
198 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
199 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
201 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
202 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
203 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
204 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
205 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
206 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
208 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
209 " '-f' first image format\n"
210 " '-F' second image format\n"
211 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
213 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
214 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
216 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
217 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
218 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
219 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
221 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
222 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL, false);
223 printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
227 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
229 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
230 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
236 static bool qemu_img_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
238 if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
245 * Is @optarg safe for accumulate_options()?
246 * It is when multiple of them can be joined together separated by ','.
247 * To make that work, @optarg must not start with ',' (or else a
248 * separating ',' preceding it gets escaped), and it must not end with
249 * an odd number of ',' (or else a separating ',' following it gets
250 * escaped), or be empty (or else a separating ',' preceding it can
251 * escape a separating ',' following it).
254 static bool is_valid_option_list(const char *optarg)
256 size_t len = strlen(optarg);
259 if (!optarg[0] || optarg[0] == ',') {
263 for (i = len; i > 0 && optarg[i - 1] == ','; i--) {
272 static int accumulate_options(char **options, char *optarg)
276 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
277 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
282 *options = g_strdup(optarg);
284 new_options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", *options, optarg);
286 *options = new_options;
291 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
293 .implied_opt_name = "file",
294 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
300 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
306 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
313 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
315 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
316 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
317 Error *local_err = NULL;
319 /* Find driver and parse its options */
320 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
322 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
326 if (!drv->create_opts) {
327 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation", fmt);
331 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
333 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
335 error_report_err(local_err);
336 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
339 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
340 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
341 proto_drv->format_name);
342 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
345 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
349 printf("Supported options:\n");
351 printf("Supported %s options:\n", fmt);
353 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts, false);
354 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
358 "The protocol level may support further options.\n"
359 "Specify the target filename to include those options.\n");
366 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
367 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
368 bool quiet, bool force_share)
371 Error *local_err = NULL;
373 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
375 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
376 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
377 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
378 qobject_unref(options);
381 qdict_put_str(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
383 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
385 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
388 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
393 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
395 const char *fmt, int flags,
396 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
400 Error *local_err = NULL;
403 options = qdict_new();
406 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
410 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
412 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
414 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
417 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
423 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
424 const char *name, const char *value,
427 QDict *options = opaque;
429 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
430 qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
437 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
438 const char *filename,
439 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
440 bool quiet, bool force_share)
446 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
449 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
454 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
457 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
464 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
465 const char *base_filename,
466 const char *base_fmt)
469 if (!qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename,
471 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
477 if (!qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, NULL)) {
478 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
486 static int64_t cvtnum_full(const char *name, const char *value, int64_t min,
492 err = qemu_strtosz(value, NULL, &res);
493 if (err < 0 && err != -ERANGE) {
494 error_report("Invalid %s specified. You may use "
495 "k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for", name);
496 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
497 "petabytes and exabytes.");
500 if (err == -ERANGE || res > max || res < min) {
501 error_report("Invalid %s specified. Must be between %" PRId64
502 " and %" PRId64 ".", name, min, max);
508 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *name, const char *value)
510 return cvtnum_full(name, value, 0, INT64_MAX);
513 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
516 uint64_t img_size = -1;
517 const char *fmt = "raw";
518 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
519 const char *filename;
520 const char *base_filename = NULL;
521 char *options = NULL;
522 Error *local_err = NULL;
527 static const struct option long_options[] = {
528 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
529 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
532 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
539 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
542 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
551 base_filename = optarg;
557 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
565 flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
567 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
569 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
578 /* Get the filename */
579 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
580 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
582 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
585 if (optind >= argc) {
586 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
590 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
591 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
592 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
596 /* Get image size, if specified */
600 sval = cvtnum("image size", argv[optind++]);
604 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
606 if (optind != argc) {
607 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
610 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
611 options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
613 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
625 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
629 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
631 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
632 visit_complete(v, &obj);
633 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
635 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
641 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
643 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
644 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
646 if (check->corruptions) {
647 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
648 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
655 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
656 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
660 if (check->check_errors) {
663 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
664 check->check_errors);
668 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
669 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
670 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
671 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
672 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
673 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
674 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
675 check->allocated_clusters);
678 if (check->image_end_offset) {
680 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
684 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
686 const char *filename,
691 BdrvCheckResult result;
693 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
698 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
699 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
700 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
701 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
702 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
703 check->leaks = result.leaks;
704 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
705 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
706 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed != 0;
707 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
708 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed != 0;
709 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
710 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
711 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
712 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
713 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
714 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
715 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
716 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
717 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
718 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
724 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
726 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
727 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
728 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
729 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
730 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
732 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
735 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
736 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
738 BlockDriverState *bs;
740 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
744 bool image_opts = false;
745 bool force_share = false;
749 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
752 int option_index = 0;
753 static const struct option long_options[] = {
754 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
755 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
756 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
757 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
758 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
759 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
760 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
763 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
764 long_options, &option_index);
770 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
773 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
782 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
784 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
785 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
786 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
787 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
789 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
790 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
805 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
807 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
813 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
818 if (optind != argc - 1) {
819 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
821 filename = argv[optind++];
823 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
824 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
825 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
826 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
828 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
832 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
833 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
834 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
838 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
840 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
844 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
851 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
852 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
854 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
855 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
860 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
861 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
862 bool has_leaks_fixed, has_corruptions_fixed;
864 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
865 has_leaks_fixed = check->has_leaks_fixed;
866 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
867 has_corruptions_fixed = check->has_corruptions_fixed;
869 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
871 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
872 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
873 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
874 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
876 check->corruptions_fixed);
879 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
880 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
881 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
883 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
884 check->has_leaks_fixed = has_leaks_fixed;
885 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
886 check->has_corruptions_fixed = has_corruptions_fixed;
890 switch (output_format) {
892 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
895 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
900 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
902 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
904 error_report("Check failed");
910 if (check->corruptions) {
912 } else if (check->leaks) {
919 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
924 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
925 BlockDriverState *bs;
927 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
929 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
931 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
934 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
938 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
940 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
943 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
946 float progress = 0.0f;
947 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
948 if (job->job.progress.total) {
949 progress = (float)job->job.progress.current /
950 job->job.progress.total * 100.f;
952 qemu_progress_print(progress, 0);
953 } while (!job_is_ready(&job->job) && !job_is_completed(&job->job));
955 if (!job_is_completed(&job->job)) {
956 ret = job_complete_sync(&job->job, errp);
960 job_unref(&job->job);
961 aio_context_release(aio_context);
963 /* publish completion progress only when success */
965 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
969 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
972 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
974 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
976 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
978 Error *local_err = NULL;
979 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
980 bool image_opts = false;
981 AioContext *aio_context;
984 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
987 static const struct option long_options[] = {
988 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
989 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
990 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
993 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
1000 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1003 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1028 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1030 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1036 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1042 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1047 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1048 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1050 filename = argv[optind++];
1052 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1053 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1054 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1058 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
1059 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1061 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1065 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1072 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1073 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1076 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1078 error_setg(&local_err,
1079 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1084 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1085 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1086 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1087 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1089 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1094 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1099 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1100 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1101 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1102 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1103 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1104 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1109 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1110 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1111 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1112 * counter here preemptively. */
1117 job = block_job_get("commit");
1119 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1125 BlockBackend *old_backing_blk;
1127 old_backing_blk = blk_new_with_bs(bs, BLK_PERM_WRITE, BLK_PERM_ALL,
1129 if (!old_backing_blk) {
1132 ret = blk_make_empty(old_backing_blk, &local_err);
1133 blk_unref(old_backing_blk);
1134 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
1135 error_free(local_err);
1137 } else if (ret < 0) {
1148 qemu_progress_end();
1153 error_report_err(local_err);
1157 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1162 * Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
1163 * of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
1164 * non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
1167 static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
1170 int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1172 for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
1173 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1177 if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
1184 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1187 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1188 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1189 * The function will try to align the end offset to alignment boundaries so
1190 * that the request will at least end aligned and consequtive requests will
1191 * also start at an aligned offset.
1193 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1194 int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1203 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1204 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1206 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1211 tail = (sector_num + i) & (alignment - 1);
1213 if (is_zero && i <= tail) {
1214 /* treat unallocated areas which only consist
1215 * of a small tail as allocated. */
1219 /* align up end offset of allocated areas. */
1220 i += alignment - tail;
1223 /* align down end offset of zero areas. */
1232 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1233 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1234 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1236 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1237 int min, int64_t sector_num, int alignment)
1240 int num_checked, num_used;
1246 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1252 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1254 sector_num += *pnum;
1255 num_checked = num_used;
1258 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum, sector_num, alignment);
1260 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1262 sector_num += *pnum;
1263 num_checked += *pnum;
1265 num_used = num_checked;
1266 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1276 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
1277 * sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
1279 * pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
1280 * has the same matching status as the first sector.
1282 static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
1283 int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1286 int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1290 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
1292 int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1294 if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
1304 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * MiB)
1307 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1309 * Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
1310 * filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
1311 * failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
1314 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1315 * @param offset: Starting offset to check
1316 * @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
1317 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1318 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1319 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1321 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
1322 int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
1323 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1328 ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
1330 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1331 offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
1334 idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
1336 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1345 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1347 * 0 - Images are identical
1349 * >1 - Error occurred
1351 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1353 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1354 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1355 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1356 int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
1357 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1358 int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
1359 int allocated1, allocated2;
1360 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1361 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1368 uint64_t progress_base;
1369 bool image_opts = false;
1370 bool force_share = false;
1372 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1374 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1375 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1376 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1377 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1378 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1381 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1382 long_options, NULL);
1388 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1391 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1417 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1419 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1426 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1432 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1438 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1439 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1441 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1442 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1444 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1445 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1446 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
1451 /* Initialize before goto out */
1452 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1455 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1457 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1462 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1469 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1478 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1479 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1480 total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
1481 if (total_size1 < 0) {
1482 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1483 filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
1487 total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
1488 if (total_size2 < 0) {
1489 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1490 filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
1494 total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
1495 progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
1497 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1499 if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
1501 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1505 while (offset < total_size) {
1506 int status1, status2;
1508 status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
1509 total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
1513 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1516 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1518 status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
1519 total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
1523 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1526 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1528 assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
1529 chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1532 if (status1 != status2) {
1534 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1535 " block status mismatch!\n", offset);
1539 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1541 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1545 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1546 ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
1548 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1550 offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
1554 ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
1556 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1558 offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
1562 ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
1563 if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
1564 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1565 offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
1571 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1573 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
1574 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1576 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
1577 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1584 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1587 if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
1588 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1589 const char *filename_over;
1591 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1592 if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
1594 filename_over = filename1;
1597 filename_over = filename2;
1600 while (offset < progress_base) {
1601 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
1602 progress_base - offset, &chunk,
1606 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1611 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1612 chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1613 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
1614 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1620 qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
1624 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1634 qemu_progress_end();
1639 /* Convenience wrapper around qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge */
1640 static void do_dirty_bitmap_merge(const char *dst_node, const char *dst_name,
1641 const char *src_node, const char *src_name,
1644 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource *merge_src;
1645 BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList *list;
1647 merge_src = g_new0(BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource, 1);
1648 merge_src->type = QTYPE_QDICT;
1649 merge_src->u.external.node = g_strdup(src_node);
1650 merge_src->u.external.name = g_strdup(src_name);
1651 list = g_new0(BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList, 1);
1652 list->value = merge_src;
1653 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst_node, dst_name, list, errp);
1654 qapi_free_BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList(list);
1657 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1663 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1665 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1667 int64_t *src_sectors;
1669 int64_t total_sectors;
1670 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1671 int64_t allocated_done;
1674 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1675 int64_t sector_next_status;
1676 BlockBackend *target;
1680 bool target_has_backing;
1681 int64_t target_backing_sectors; /* negative if unknown */
1688 size_t cluster_sectors;
1690 long num_coroutines;
1691 int running_coroutines;
1692 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1693 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1698 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1699 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1702 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1703 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1704 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1706 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1710 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1712 int64_t src_cur_offset;
1713 int ret, n, src_cur;
1714 bool post_backing_zero = false;
1716 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1718 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1719 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1721 if (s->target_backing_sectors >= 0) {
1722 if (sector_num >= s->target_backing_sectors) {
1723 post_backing_zero = true;
1724 } else if (sector_num + n > s->target_backing_sectors) {
1725 /* Split requests around target_backing_sectors (because
1726 * starting from there, zeros are handled differently) */
1727 n = s->target_backing_sectors - sector_num;
1731 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1732 uint64_t offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1736 count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1738 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1739 ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), offset,
1740 count, &count, NULL, NULL);
1742 ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1743 offset, count, &count, NULL,
1751 warn_report("error while reading block status at "
1752 "offset %" PRIu64 ": %s", offset,
1755 /* Just try to read the data, then */
1756 ret = BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1757 count = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1759 /* Retry on a shorter range */
1760 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(n, 4);
1763 error_report("error while reading block status at offset "
1764 "%" PRIu64 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1770 n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1772 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1773 s->status = post_backing_zero ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_ZERO;
1774 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1775 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1777 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1780 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1783 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1784 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1785 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1788 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1789 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1790 * cluster allocated. */
1791 if (s->compressed) {
1792 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1793 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1794 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1796 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1803 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1804 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1806 uint64_t single_read_until = 0;
1809 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1810 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1813 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1816 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1817 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1818 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1819 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1820 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1821 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1823 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1825 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1826 if (single_read_until > offset) {
1830 ret = blk_co_pread(blk, offset, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, 0);
1834 single_read_until = offset + (n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1838 warn_report("error while reading offset %" PRIu64
1839 ": %s", offset, strerror(-ret));
1841 memset(buf, 0, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1850 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1857 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1858 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1859 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1863 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1865 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1868 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1869 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1870 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1871 * visible at the respective offset. */
1872 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1876 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1877 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1878 * it as zero sectors.
1879 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1880 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1882 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1884 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse,
1885 sector_num, s->alignment)) ||
1887 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1889 ret = blk_co_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1890 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf, flags);
1899 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1900 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1903 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1904 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1905 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1906 BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1915 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1921 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_copy_range(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1926 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1929 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1932 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1933 offset = (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1934 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1935 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1937 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1939 ret = blk_co_copy_range(blk, offset, s->target,
1940 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1941 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0, 0);
1952 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1954 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1955 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1959 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1960 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1967 s->running_coroutines++;
1968 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1973 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1976 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1977 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1978 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1981 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1983 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1987 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1988 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1990 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1991 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1993 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1994 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1996 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1998 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1999 s->allocated_done += n;
2000 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
2001 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
2005 copy_range = s->copy_range && s->status == BLK_DATA;
2006 if (status == BLK_DATA && !copy_range) {
2007 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
2009 error_report("error while reading at byte %lld: %s",
2010 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
2013 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
2015 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2018 if (s->wr_in_order) {
2019 /* keep writes in order */
2020 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2021 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
2022 qemu_coroutine_yield();
2024 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
2027 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2029 ret = convert_co_copy_range(s, sector_num, n);
2031 s->copy_range = false;
2035 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
2038 error_report("error while writing at byte %lld: %s",
2039 sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, strerror(-ret));
2044 if (s->wr_in_order) {
2045 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
2046 * for this write to complete */
2047 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
2048 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2049 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
2051 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
2052 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
2053 * B will never enter A during this time window.
2055 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2063 s->co[index] = NULL;
2064 s->running_coroutines--;
2065 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
2066 /* the convert job finished successfully */
2071 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
2074 int64_t sector_num = 0;
2076 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
2077 if (!s->has_zero_init && s->target_is_new && s->min_sparse &&
2078 !s->target_has_backing) {
2079 s->has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target));
2082 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
2083 * can be copied at a time. */
2084 if (s->compressed) {
2085 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
2086 error_report("invalid cluster size");
2089 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
2092 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
2093 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
2097 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
2099 s->allocated_sectors += n;
2105 s->sector_next_status = 0;
2106 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
2108 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
2109 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
2110 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
2111 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
2112 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
2115 while (s->running_coroutines) {
2116 main_loop_wait(false);
2119 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
2120 /* signal EOF to align */
2121 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
2130 static int convert_copy_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *src, BlockDriverState *dst)
2132 BdrvDirtyBitmap *bm;
2135 FOR_EACH_DIRTY_BITMAP(src, bm) {
2138 if (!bdrv_dirty_bitmap_get_persistence(bm)) {
2141 name = bdrv_dirty_bitmap_name(bm);
2142 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(dst->node_name, name,
2143 true, bdrv_dirty_bitmap_granularity(bm),
2145 true, !bdrv_dirty_bitmap_enabled(bm),
2148 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to create bitmap %s: ", name);
2152 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(dst->node_name, name, src->node_name, name,
2155 error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to populate bitmap %s: ", name);
2163 #define MAX_BUF_SECTORS 32768
2165 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
2167 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
2168 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
2169 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
2170 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2171 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
2172 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
2173 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
2174 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
2175 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
2176 QDict *open_opts = NULL;
2177 char *options = NULL;
2178 Error *local_err = NULL;
2179 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, image_opts = false,
2180 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
2181 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
2182 bool force_share = false;
2183 bool explict_min_sparse = false;
2184 bool bitmaps = false;
2186 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
2187 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
2189 .copy_range = false,
2190 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2191 .wr_in_order = true,
2192 .num_coroutines = 8,
2196 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2197 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2198 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2199 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2200 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2201 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
2202 {"salvage", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SALVAGE},
2203 {"target-is-zero", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO},
2204 {"bitmaps", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BITMAPS},
2207 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:Cco:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
2208 long_options, NULL);
2214 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2217 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2229 out_baseimg = optarg;
2232 s.copy_range = true;
2235 s.compressed = true;
2238 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
2243 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2244 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2247 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2252 snapshot_name = optarg;
2259 sval = cvtnum("buffer size for sparse output", optarg);
2262 } else if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(sval, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) ||
2263 sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE > MAX_BUF_SECTORS) {
2264 error_report("Invalid buffer size for sparse output specified. "
2265 "Valid sizes are multiples of %llu up to %llu. Select "
2266 "0 to disable sparse detection (fully allocates output).",
2267 BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, MAX_BUF_SECTORS * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2271 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2272 explict_min_sparse = true;
2291 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2292 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2293 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2294 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2299 s.wr_in_order = false;
2304 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2305 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2306 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2313 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2316 case OPTION_SALVAGE:
2319 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2320 tgt_image_opts = true;
2322 case OPTION_TARGET_IS_ZERO:
2324 * The user asserting that the target is blank has the
2325 * same effect as the target driver supporting zero
2328 s.has_zero_init = true;
2330 case OPTION_BITMAPS:
2336 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2340 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2341 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2342 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2346 if (s.compressed && s.copy_range) {
2347 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used");
2351 if (explict_min_sparse && s.copy_range) {
2352 error_report("Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used");
2356 if (s.copy_range && s.salvage) {
2357 error_report("Cannot use copy offloading in salvaging mode");
2361 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2362 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2366 if (skip_create && options) {
2367 warn_report("-o has no effect when skipping image creation");
2368 warn_report("This will become an error in future QEMU versions.");
2371 if (s.has_zero_init && !skip_create) {
2372 error_report("--target-is-zero requires use of -n flag");
2376 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2377 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2379 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2381 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2384 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2389 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2390 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2394 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2395 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2397 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2401 /* Initialize before goto out */
2405 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2406 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2408 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2409 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2411 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2412 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2413 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, s.quiet,
2419 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2420 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2421 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2422 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2426 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2430 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2431 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2432 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2434 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2435 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2436 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2441 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2445 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2451 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2452 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2454 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2459 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2461 error_report_err(local_err);
2466 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2467 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2473 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2474 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2475 proto_drv->format_name);
2480 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2481 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2483 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2485 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err)) {
2486 error_report_err(local_err);
2492 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2494 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2500 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2501 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2502 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2503 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2505 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2507 if (s.has_zero_init && s.target_has_backing) {
2508 error_report("Cannot use --target-is-zero when the destination "
2509 "image has a backing file");
2513 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2514 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2515 "concatenating multiple input images");
2520 /* Check if compression is supported */
2523 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2524 const char *encryptfmt =
2525 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
2526 const char *preallocation =
2527 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2529 if (drv && !block_driver_can_compress(drv)) {
2530 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2535 if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
2536 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2543 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2545 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2552 /* Determine if bitmaps need copying */
2554 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2555 error_report("Copying bitmaps only possible with single source");
2559 if (!bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(blk_bs(s.src[0]))) {
2560 error_report("Source lacks bitmap support");
2567 * The later open call will need any decryption secrets, and
2568 * bdrv_create() will purge "opts", so extract them now before
2572 open_opts = qdict_new();
2573 qemu_opt_foreach(opts, img_add_key_secrets, open_opts, &error_abort);
2575 /* Create the new image */
2576 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2578 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2579 out_filename, out_fmt);
2584 s.target_is_new = !skip_create;
2586 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2587 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2589 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2594 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2595 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2597 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2598 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2599 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2600 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2602 s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, open_opts, out_fmt,
2603 flags, writethrough, s.quiet, false);
2604 open_opts = NULL; /* blk_new_open will have freed it */
2610 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2612 if (bitmaps && !bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap(out_bs)) {
2613 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support bitmaps",
2614 out_bs->drv->format_name);
2619 if (s.compressed && !block_driver_can_compress(out_bs->drv)) {
2620 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2625 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2626 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to
2627 * MAX_BUF_SECTORS as maximum which is currently 32768 (16MB). */
2628 s.buf_sectors = MIN(MAX_BUF_SECTORS,
2630 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2631 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2632 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2634 /* try to align the write requests to the destination to avoid unnecessary
2636 s.alignment = MAX(pow2floor(s.min_sparse),
2637 DIV_ROUND_UP(out_bs->bl.request_alignment,
2639 assert(is_power_of_2(s.alignment));
2642 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2643 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2644 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2645 strerror(-output_sectors));
2648 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2649 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2655 if (s.target_has_backing && s.target_is_new) {
2656 /* Errors are treated as "backing length unknown" (which means
2657 * s.target_backing_sectors has to be negative, which it will
2658 * be automatically). The backing file length is used only
2659 * for optimizations, so such a case is not fatal. */
2660 s.target_backing_sectors = bdrv_nb_sectors(out_bs->backing->bs);
2662 s.target_backing_sectors = -1;
2665 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2668 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2672 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2673 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2676 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2678 /* Now copy the bitmaps */
2679 if (bitmaps && ret == 0) {
2680 ret = convert_copy_bitmaps(blk_bs(s.src[0]), out_bs);
2685 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2687 qemu_progress_end();
2688 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2689 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2690 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2691 qobject_unref(open_opts);
2692 blk_unref(s.target);
2694 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2695 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2699 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2707 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2709 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2712 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2715 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2716 bdrv_snapshot_dump(NULL);
2718 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2720 bdrv_snapshot_dump(sn);
2726 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2730 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2732 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2733 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2734 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2735 assert(str != NULL);
2736 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2742 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2746 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2748 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2749 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2750 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2751 assert(str != NULL);
2752 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2758 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2760 ImageInfoList *elem;
2763 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2769 bdrv_image_info_dump(elem->value);
2773 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2775 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2779 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2781 * @filename: topmost image filename
2782 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2783 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2784 * false - only topmost image file
2786 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2787 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2790 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2791 const char *filename,
2793 bool chain, bool force_share)
2795 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2796 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2797 GHashTable *filenames;
2800 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2804 BlockDriverState *bs;
2806 ImageInfoList *elem;
2808 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2809 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2813 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2815 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2816 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2823 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2825 error_report_err(err);
2830 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2837 /* Clear parameters that only apply to the topmost image */
2838 filename = fmt = NULL;
2842 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2843 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2844 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2845 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2846 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2847 info->backing_filename);
2850 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2851 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2855 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2859 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2860 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2864 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2867 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2869 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2870 ImageInfoList *list;
2871 bool image_opts = false;
2872 bool force_share = false;
2877 int option_index = 0;
2878 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2879 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2880 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2881 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2882 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2883 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2884 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2885 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2888 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2889 long_options, &option_index);
2895 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2898 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2912 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2915 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2917 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2923 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2928 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2929 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2931 filename = argv[optind++];
2933 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2934 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2935 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2936 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2937 } else if (output) {
2938 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2942 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2943 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2944 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
2948 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2954 switch (output_format) {
2956 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2960 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2962 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2967 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2971 static int dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2974 switch (output_format) {
2976 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2977 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2980 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2981 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2982 e->start, e->length,
2983 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2984 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2986 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2987 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2989 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2995 printf("{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2996 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2997 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2998 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2999 e->data ? "true" : "false");
3000 if (e->has_offset) {
3001 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
3013 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
3014 int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
3018 BlockDriverState *file;
3021 char *filename = NULL;
3023 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
3024 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
3030 ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
3035 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
3038 bs = backing_bs(bs);
3047 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
3049 if (file && has_offset) {
3050 bdrv_refresh_filename(file);
3051 filename = file->filename;
3057 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
3058 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
3060 .has_offset = has_offset,
3062 .has_filename = filename,
3063 .filename = filename,
3069 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
3071 if (curr->length == 0) {
3074 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
3075 curr->data != next->data ||
3076 curr->depth != next->depth ||
3077 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
3078 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
3081 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
3084 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
3090 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
3093 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3095 BlockDriverState *bs;
3096 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
3098 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
3100 bool image_opts = false;
3101 bool force_share = false;
3102 int64_t start_offset = 0;
3103 int64_t max_length = -1;
3108 int option_index = 0;
3109 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3110 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3111 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
3112 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
3113 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3114 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3115 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3116 {"start-offset", required_argument, 0, 's'},
3117 {"max-length", required_argument, 0, 'l'},
3120 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:s:l:hU",
3121 long_options, &option_index);
3127 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3130 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3145 start_offset = cvtnum("start offset", optarg);
3146 if (start_offset < 0) {
3151 max_length = cvtnum("max length", optarg);
3152 if (max_length < 0) {
3156 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3158 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3164 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3169 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3170 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3172 filename = argv[optind];
3174 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
3175 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
3176 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
3177 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
3178 } else if (output) {
3179 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
3183 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3184 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3185 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3189 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
3195 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
3196 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
3197 } else if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3201 length = blk_getlength(blk);
3203 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", filename);
3206 if (max_length != -1) {
3207 length = MIN(start_offset + max_length, length);
3210 curr.start = start_offset;
3211 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
3212 int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
3215 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
3216 n = MIN(1 * GiB, length - offset);
3217 ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
3220 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
3224 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
3225 curr.length += next.length;
3229 if (curr.length > 0) {
3230 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
3238 ret = dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
3239 if (output_format == OFORMAT_JSON) {
3248 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
3249 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
3250 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
3251 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
3253 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
3256 BlockDriverState *bs;
3257 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
3258 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
3259 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
3264 bool image_opts = false;
3265 bool force_share = false;
3267 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3268 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3270 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3271 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3272 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3273 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3274 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3277 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
3278 long_options, NULL);
3284 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3287 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3294 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3297 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
3298 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
3302 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3305 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
3306 snapshot_name = optarg;
3310 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3313 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
3314 snapshot_name = optarg;
3318 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
3321 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
3322 snapshot_name = optarg;
3330 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3332 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3338 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3344 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3345 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3347 filename = argv[optind++];
3349 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3350 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3351 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3355 /* Open the image */
3356 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3363 /* Perform the requested action */
3369 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3370 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3371 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3373 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3374 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3375 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3377 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3379 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3380 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3384 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3385 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3387 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
3392 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3393 ret = bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, &sn, snapshot_name);
3395 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': snapshot not "
3396 "found", snapshot_name);
3399 ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn.id_str, sn.name, &err);
3401 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3417 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3419 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3420 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3421 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3422 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *prefix_chain_bs = NULL;
3424 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3425 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3426 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3428 bool force_share = false;
3431 Error *local_err = NULL;
3432 bool image_opts = false;
3434 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3436 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3437 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3441 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3442 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3443 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3444 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3445 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3448 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3449 long_options, NULL);
3455 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3458 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3467 out_basefmt = optarg;
3470 out_baseimg = optarg;
3487 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3489 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3495 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3508 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3509 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3511 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3512 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3514 filename = argv[optind++];
3516 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3517 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3518 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3522 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3523 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3525 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3526 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3528 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3533 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3535 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3539 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3540 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3541 (void) src_writethrough;
3546 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3547 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3549 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3557 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3558 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3559 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3565 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3567 QDict *options = NULL;
3568 BlockDriverState *base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
3571 blk_old_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3572 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3574 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_old_backing, base_bs,
3577 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3578 "Could not reuse old backing file '%s': ",
3583 blk_old_backing = NULL;
3586 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3587 const char *overlay_filename;
3588 char *out_real_path;
3590 options = qdict_new();
3592 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3595 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3598 bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
3599 overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
3602 bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
3606 qobject_unref(options);
3607 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3608 "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
3614 * Find out whether we rebase an image on top of a previous image
3617 prefix_chain_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, out_real_path);
3618 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3619 qobject_unref(options);
3620 g_free(out_real_path);
3622 blk_new_backing = blk_new(qemu_get_aio_context(),
3623 BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
3625 ret = blk_insert_bs(blk_new_backing, prefix_chain_bs,
3628 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3629 "Could not reuse backing file '%s': ",
3634 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_real_path, NULL,
3635 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3636 g_free(out_real_path);
3637 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3638 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3639 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3649 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3650 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3651 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3652 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3654 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3655 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3659 int64_t old_backing_size = 0;
3660 int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
3663 float local_progress = 0;
3665 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3666 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3668 size = blk_getlength(blk);
3670 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3671 filename, strerror(-size));
3675 if (blk_old_backing) {
3676 old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
3677 if (old_backing_size < 0) {
3678 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3680 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name,
3681 sizeof(backing_name));
3682 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3683 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
3688 if (blk_new_backing) {
3689 new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
3690 if (new_backing_size < 0) {
3691 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3692 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
3699 local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
3702 for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
3703 bool buf_old_is_zero = false;
3705 /* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
3706 n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
3708 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3709 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
3711 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3719 if (prefix_chain_bs) {
3721 * If cluster wasn't changed since prefix_chain, we don't need
3724 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(backing_bs(bs), prefix_chain_bs,
3725 false, offset, n, &n);
3727 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3737 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3738 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3740 if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
3741 memset(buf_old, 0, n);
3742 buf_old_is_zero = true;
3744 if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
3745 n = old_backing_size - offset;
3748 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
3750 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3755 if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
3756 memset(buf_new, 0, n);
3758 if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
3759 n = new_backing_size - offset;
3762 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
3764 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3769 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3770 uint64_t written = 0;
3772 while (written < n) {
3775 if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
3776 n - written, &pnum))
3778 if (buf_old_is_zero) {
3779 ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset + written, pnum, 0);
3781 ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
3782 buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
3785 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3793 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3798 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3799 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3800 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3802 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3803 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3805 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3808 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3809 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3810 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3811 } else if (ret < 0) {
3812 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3813 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3816 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3818 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3819 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3820 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3821 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3824 qemu_progress_end();
3827 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3828 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3830 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3831 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3840 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3843 int c, ret, relative;
3844 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3845 int64_t n, total_size, current_size;
3847 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3848 PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
3851 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3852 .name = "resize_options",
3853 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3856 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3857 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3858 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3864 bool image_opts = false;
3865 bool shrink = false;
3867 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3868 * as options by getopt. */
3870 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3874 size = argv[--argc];
3876 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3879 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3880 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3881 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3882 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3883 {"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
3884 {"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
3887 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3888 long_options, NULL);
3894 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3897 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3908 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3910 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3916 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3919 case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
3920 prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
3921 PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
3922 if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
3923 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
3932 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3933 error_exit("Expecting image file name and size");
3935 filename = argv[optind++];
3937 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3938 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3939 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
3943 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3959 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3960 if (!qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err)) {
3961 error_report_err(err);
3963 qemu_opts_del(param);
3966 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3967 qemu_opts_del(param);
3969 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3970 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3977 current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
3978 if (current_size < 0) {
3979 error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
3980 strerror(-current_size));
3986 total_size = current_size + n * relative;
3990 if (total_size <= 0) {
3991 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3996 if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
3997 error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
4002 if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
4003 warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
4004 "shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
4005 "operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
4007 if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
4009 "Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
4013 warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
4014 "Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
4015 "shrink images without this option.");
4020 * The user expects the image to have the desired size after
4021 * resizing, so pass @exact=true. It is of no use to report
4022 * success when the image has not actually been resized.
4024 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, true, prealloc, 0, &err);
4026 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
4028 error_report_err(err);
4038 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
4039 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
4042 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
4045 static int print_amend_option_help(const char *format)
4049 /* Find driver and parse its options */
4050 drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
4052 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", format);
4056 if (!drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4057 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4062 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have amend_opts */
4063 assert(drv->amend_opts);
4065 printf("Amend options for '%s':\n", format);
4066 qemu_opts_print_help(drv->amend_opts, false);
4070 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
4074 char *options = NULL;
4075 QemuOptsList *amend_opts = NULL;
4076 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4077 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
4080 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
4081 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4082 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
4083 bool image_opts = false;
4086 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
4088 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4089 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4090 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4091 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4092 {"force", no_argument, 0, OPTION_FORCE},
4095 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
4096 long_options, NULL);
4103 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4106 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4112 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
4114 goto out_no_progress;
4130 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4134 goto out_no_progress;
4137 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4147 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
4150 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4151 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4152 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4154 goto out_no_progress;
4160 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
4162 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
4163 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
4164 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
4165 * given), print option help here */
4166 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4170 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4171 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
4176 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
4177 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
4179 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
4183 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4191 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
4193 if (has_help_option(options)) {
4194 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
4195 ret = print_amend_option_help(fmt);
4199 if (!bs->drv->bdrv_amend_options) {
4200 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support option amendment",
4206 /* Every driver supporting amendment must have amend_opts */
4207 assert(bs->drv->amend_opts);
4209 amend_opts = qemu_opts_append(amend_opts, bs->drv->amend_opts);
4210 opts = qemu_opts_create(amend_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4211 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err)) {
4212 /* Try to parse options using the create options */
4213 amend_opts = qemu_opts_append(amend_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
4214 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4215 opts = qemu_opts_create(amend_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4216 if (qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, NULL)) {
4217 error_append_hint(&err,
4218 "This option is only supported for image creation\n");
4221 error_report_err(err);
4226 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
4227 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
4228 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL, force, &err);
4229 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
4231 error_report_err(err);
4236 qemu_progress_end();
4240 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4241 qemu_opts_free(amend_opts);
4250 typedef struct BenchData {
4252 uint64_t image_size;
4259 bool drain_on_flush;
4268 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4271 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4276 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
4278 BenchData *b = opaque;
4282 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
4287 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
4288 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
4289 b->in_flush = false;
4290 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
4291 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
4296 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
4297 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
4298 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
4299 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
4301 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4305 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
4308 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
4310 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
4314 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
4320 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
4321 int64_t offset = b->offset;
4322 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
4323 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
4324 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
4327 b->offset += b->step;
4328 b->offset %= b->image_size;
4330 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4332 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
4335 error_report("Failed to issue request");
4341 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
4344 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
4346 bool image_opts = false;
4347 bool is_write = false;
4351 size_t bufsize = 4096;
4354 int flush_interval = 0;
4355 bool drain_on_flush = true;
4357 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
4358 BenchData data = {};
4360 bool writethrough = false;
4361 struct timeval t1, t2;
4363 bool force_share = false;
4367 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4368 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4369 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
4370 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4371 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
4372 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
4373 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4376 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:ni:o:qs:S:t:wU", long_options,
4384 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4387 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4396 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4397 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
4407 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4408 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
4418 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
4421 ret = bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags);
4423 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
4430 offset = cvtnum("offset", optarg);
4444 sval = cvtnum_full("buffer size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4456 sval = cvtnum_full("step_size", optarg, 0, INT_MAX);
4465 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
4467 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
4473 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
4479 case OPTION_PATTERN:
4483 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
4484 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
4490 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
4494 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4495 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
4498 flush_interval = res;
4501 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4502 drain_on_flush = false;
4504 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4510 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4511 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4513 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4515 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4516 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4520 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4521 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4526 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4533 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4534 if (image_size < 0) {
4539 data = (BenchData) {
4541 .image_size = image_size,
4543 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4548 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4549 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4551 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4552 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4553 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4554 data.offset, data.step);
4555 if (flush_interval) {
4556 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4559 buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
4560 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
4561 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4563 blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
4565 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4566 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4567 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4568 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4569 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4572 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4575 while (data.n > 0) {
4576 main_loop_wait(false);
4578 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4580 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4581 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4582 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4586 blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
4588 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4605 typedef struct ImgBitmapAction {
4606 enum ImgBitmapAct act;
4607 const char *src; /* only used for merge */
4608 QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(ImgBitmapAction) next;
4611 static int img_bitmap(int argc, char **argv)
4615 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4616 const char *fmt = NULL, *src_fmt = NULL, *src_filename = NULL;
4617 const char *filename, *bitmap;
4618 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *src = NULL;
4619 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL, *src_bs = NULL;
4620 bool image_opts = false;
4621 int64_t granularity = 0;
4622 bool add = false, merge = false;
4623 QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, ImgBitmapAction) actions;
4624 ImgBitmapAction *act, *act_next;
4627 QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&actions);
4630 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4631 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4632 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4633 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4634 {"add", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ADD},
4635 {"remove", no_argument, 0, OPTION_REMOVE},
4636 {"clear", no_argument, 0, OPTION_CLEAR},
4637 {"enable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_ENABLE},
4638 {"disable", no_argument, 0, OPTION_DISABLE},
4639 {"merge", required_argument, 0, OPTION_MERGE},
4640 {"granularity", required_argument, 0, 'g'},
4641 {"source-file", required_argument, 0, 'b'},
4642 {"source-format", required_argument, 0, 'F'},
4645 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":b:f:F:g:h", long_options, NULL);
4652 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4655 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4661 src_filename = optarg;
4670 granularity = cvtnum("granularity", optarg);
4671 if (granularity < 0) {
4676 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4677 act->act = BITMAP_ADD;
4678 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4682 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4683 act->act = BITMAP_REMOVE;
4684 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4687 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4688 act->act = BITMAP_CLEAR;
4689 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4692 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4693 act->act = BITMAP_ENABLE;
4694 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4696 case OPTION_DISABLE:
4697 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4698 act->act = BITMAP_DISABLE;
4699 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4702 act = g_new0(ImgBitmapAction, 1);
4703 act->act = BITMAP_MERGE;
4705 QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&actions, act, next);
4709 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true);
4714 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4720 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4721 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4722 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
4726 if (QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&actions)) {
4727 error_report("Need at least one of --add, --remove, --clear, "
4728 "--enable, --disable, or --merge");
4732 if (granularity && !add) {
4733 error_report("granularity only supported with --add");
4736 if (src_fmt && !src_filename) {
4737 error_report("-F only supported with -b");
4740 if (src_filename && !merge) {
4741 error_report("Merge bitmap source file only supported with "
4746 if (optind != argc - 2) {
4747 error_report("Expecting filename and bitmap name");
4751 filename = argv[optind];
4752 bitmap = argv[optind + 1];
4754 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR, false, false,
4761 src = img_open(false, src_filename, src_fmt, 0, false, false, false);
4765 src_bs = blk_bs(src);
4770 QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(act, &actions, next, act_next) {
4773 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_add(bs->node_name, bitmap,
4774 !!granularity, granularity, true, true,
4775 false, false, &err);
4779 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_remove(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4783 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_clear(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4787 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_enable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4790 case BITMAP_DISABLE:
4791 qmp_block_dirty_bitmap_disable(bs->node_name, bitmap, &err);
4795 do_dirty_bitmap_merge(bs->node_name, bitmap, src_bs->node_name,
4800 g_assert_not_reached();
4804 error_reportf_err(err, "Operation %s on bitmap %s failed: ",
4816 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4832 int bsz; /* Block size */
4840 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4844 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4845 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4850 res = cvtnum_full("bs", arg, 1, INT_MAX);
4855 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4860 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4861 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4864 dd->count = cvtnum("count", arg);
4866 if (dd->count < 0) {
4873 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4874 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4877 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4882 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4883 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4886 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4891 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4892 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4895 in->offset = cvtnum("skip", arg);
4897 if (in->offset < 0) {
4904 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4909 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4910 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4911 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4912 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4913 Error *local_err = NULL;
4914 bool image_opts = false;
4916 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4917 const char *fmt = NULL;
4919 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4920 bool force_share = false;
4921 struct DdInfo dd = {
4926 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4938 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4939 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4940 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4941 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4942 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4943 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4946 const struct option long_options[] = {
4947 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4948 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4949 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4950 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4954 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4966 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4969 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4978 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
4983 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4989 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4991 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4993 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4995 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
5002 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
5003 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
5007 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
5008 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
5013 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
5017 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
5022 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
5023 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
5028 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
5029 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
5030 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
5035 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
5043 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5045 error_report("Unknown file format");
5049 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
5052 error_report_err(local_err);
5056 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5057 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5062 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
5063 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5064 proto_drv->format_name);
5068 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5069 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
5071 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5073 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
5075 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
5080 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
5081 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
5082 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
5085 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
5086 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5087 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
5088 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
5090 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
5091 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
5094 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
5096 error_reportf_err(local_err,
5097 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
5103 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
5104 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
5105 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
5106 * support image-opts style.
5108 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
5109 false, false, false);
5116 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
5117 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
5118 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
5119 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
5121 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
5124 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
5127 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
5129 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
5130 int in_ret, out_ret;
5132 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
5133 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
5135 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
5138 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
5145 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
5148 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
5149 strerror(-out_ret));
5158 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5159 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5162 g_free(in.filename);
5163 g_free(out.filename);
5173 static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
5177 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
5179 visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
5180 visit_complete(v, &obj);
5181 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
5182 assert(str != NULL);
5183 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
5189 static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
5191 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5192 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5193 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
5194 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
5195 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
5196 {"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
5197 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
5200 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5201 BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
5203 const char *filename = NULL;
5204 const char *fmt = NULL;
5205 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
5206 char *options = NULL;
5207 char *snapshot_name = NULL;
5208 bool force_share = false;
5209 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
5210 QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
5211 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
5212 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
5213 bool image_opts = false;
5214 uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
5215 BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
5216 Error *local_err = NULL;
5220 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
5221 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5234 if (accumulate_options(&options, optarg) < 0) {
5239 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
5240 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
5243 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
5248 snapshot_name = optarg;
5255 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
5261 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
5265 if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
5266 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
5267 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
5268 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
5270 error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
5279 sval = cvtnum("image size", optarg);
5283 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
5289 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
5290 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
5291 qemu_img_object_print_help, &error_fatal)) {
5295 if (argc - optind > 1) {
5296 error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
5298 } else if (argc - optind == 1) {
5299 filename = argv[optind];
5302 if (!filename && (image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
5303 error_report("--image-opts, -f, and -l require a filename argument.");
5306 if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5307 error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
5310 if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
5311 error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
5316 in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
5317 false, false, force_share);
5323 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
5324 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
5325 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
5327 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
5328 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
5329 snapshot_name, &local_err);
5332 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
5337 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
5339 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5342 if (!drv->create_opts) {
5343 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
5348 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
5349 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
5350 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
5352 if (!qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err)) {
5353 error_report_err(local_err);
5354 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
5358 if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
5359 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
5362 info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
5364 error_report_err(local_err);
5368 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
5369 printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
5370 printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
5371 if (info->has_bitmaps) {
5372 printf("bitmaps size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->bitmaps);
5375 dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
5381 qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
5382 qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
5383 qemu_opts_del(opts);
5384 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
5385 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
5391 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
5392 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
5393 { option, callback },
5394 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
5399 int main(int argc, char **argv)
5401 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
5402 const char *cmdname;
5403 Error *local_error = NULL;
5404 char *trace_file = NULL;
5406 static const struct option long_options[] = {
5407 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
5408 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
5409 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
5414 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
5417 error_init(argv[0]);
5418 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
5419 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
5421 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
5422 error_report_err(local_error);
5426 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
5428 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
5431 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
5434 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
5435 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
5436 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
5438 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
5441 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
5444 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
5450 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
5454 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
5459 cmdname = argv[optind];
5461 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
5467 qemu_reset_optind();
5469 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
5472 trace_init_file(trace_file);
5473 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
5475 /* find the command */
5476 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
5477 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
5478 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
5483 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);