2 * QEMU disk image utility
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "qemu-version.h"
26 #include "qapi/error.h"
27 #include "qapi-visit.h"
28 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
29 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
31 #include "qapi/qmp/qbool.h"
32 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
33 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
34 #include "qemu/option.h"
35 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
37 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
38 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
39 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
40 #include "block/block_int.h"
41 #include "block/blockjob.h"
42 #include "block/qapi.h"
43 #include "crypto/init.h"
44 #include "trace/control.h"
47 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
48 "\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
50 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
52 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
57 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
59 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
61 OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
62 OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
63 OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
66 typedef enum OutputFormat {
71 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
72 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
74 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
79 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
83 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
86 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
89 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
93 static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
95 error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
98 static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
100 error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
103 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
104 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
106 const char *help_msg =
108 "usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
109 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
111 " '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
112 " '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
113 " '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
114 " specify tracing options\n"
117 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
119 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
123 "Command parameters:\n"
124 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
125 " 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
126 " manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
127 " object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
128 " encryption keys.\n"
129 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
130 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
131 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
132 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
133 " 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
134 " options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
135 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
136 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
137 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
138 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
139 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
140 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
141 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
142 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
144 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
145 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
147 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
149 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
150 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
151 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
152 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
153 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
154 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
155 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
156 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
157 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
158 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
159 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
161 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
162 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
163 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
165 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
166 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
167 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
168 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
169 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
171 "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
172 " '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
173 " process (defaults to 8)\n"
174 " '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
176 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
177 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
178 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
179 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
180 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
181 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
183 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
184 " '-f' first image format\n"
185 " '-F' second image format\n"
186 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
188 "Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
189 " 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
191 " 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
192 " 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
193 " 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
194 " 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
196 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
197 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
202 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
204 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
205 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
211 static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
213 .implied_opt_name = "file",
214 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
220 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
226 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
233 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
235 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
236 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
237 Error *local_err = NULL;
239 /* Find driver and parse its options */
240 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
242 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
246 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
248 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
250 error_report_err(local_err);
251 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
254 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
257 qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
258 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
263 static int img_open_password(BlockBackend *blk, const char *filename,
264 int flags, bool quiet)
266 BlockDriverState *bs;
270 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && bdrv_key_required(bs) &&
271 !(flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO)) {
272 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
273 if (qemu_read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
274 error_report("No password given");
277 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
278 error_report("invalid password");
286 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
287 QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
288 bool quiet, bool force_share)
291 Error *local_err = NULL;
293 options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
295 if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
296 && !qdict_get_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)) {
297 error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
301 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
303 blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
305 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
308 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
310 if (img_open_password(blk, optstr, flags, quiet) < 0) {
317 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
319 const char *fmt, int flags,
320 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
324 Error *local_err = NULL;
327 options = qdict_new();
330 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
334 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
336 blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
338 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
341 blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
343 if (img_open_password(blk, filename, flags, quiet) < 0) {
351 static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
352 const char *name, const char *value,
355 QDict *options = opaque;
357 if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
358 qdict_put(options, name, qstring_from_str(value));
364 static BlockBackend *img_open_new_file(const char *filename,
365 QemuOpts *create_opts,
366 const char *fmt, int flags,
367 bool writethrough, bool quiet,
370 QDict *options = NULL;
372 options = qdict_new();
373 qemu_opt_foreach(create_opts, img_add_key_secrets, options, &error_abort);
375 return img_open_file(filename, options, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
380 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
381 const char *filename,
382 const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
383 bool quiet, bool force_share)
389 error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
392 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
397 blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
400 blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
407 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
408 const char *base_filename,
409 const char *base_fmt)
414 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
416 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
423 qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
425 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
434 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
439 err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
443 if (value > INT64_MAX) {
449 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
452 uint64_t img_size = -1;
453 const char *fmt = "raw";
454 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
455 const char *filename;
456 const char *base_filename = NULL;
457 char *options = NULL;
458 Error *local_err = NULL;
462 static const struct option long_options[] = {
463 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
464 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
467 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:he6o:q",
474 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
477 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
486 base_filename = optarg;
492 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
493 "encryption\' instead!");
496 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
497 "compat6\' instead!");
500 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
501 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
505 options = g_strdup(optarg);
507 char *old_options = options;
508 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
515 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
517 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
526 /* Get the filename */
527 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
528 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
530 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
533 if (optind >= argc) {
534 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
538 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
539 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
544 /* Get image size, if specified */
548 sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
550 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
551 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
553 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
554 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
555 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
556 "petabytes and exabytes.");
560 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
562 if (optind != argc) {
563 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
566 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
567 options, img_size, 0, quiet, &local_err);
569 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
581 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
585 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
587 visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
588 visit_complete(v, &obj);
589 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
591 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
597 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
599 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
600 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
602 if (check->corruptions) {
603 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
604 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
611 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
612 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
616 if (check->check_errors) {
619 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
620 check->check_errors);
624 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
625 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
626 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
627 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
628 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
629 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
630 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
631 check->allocated_clusters);
634 if (check->image_end_offset) {
636 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
640 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
642 const char *filename,
647 BdrvCheckResult result;
649 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
654 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
655 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
656 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
657 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
658 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
659 check->leaks = result.leaks;
660 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
661 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
662 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
663 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
664 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
665 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
666 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
667 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
668 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
669 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
670 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
671 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
672 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
673 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
674 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
680 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
682 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
683 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
684 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
685 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
686 * 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
688 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
691 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
692 const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
694 BlockDriverState *bs;
696 int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
700 bool image_opts = false;
701 bool force_share = false;
705 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
708 int option_index = 0;
709 static const struct option long_options[] = {
710 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
711 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
712 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
713 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
714 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
715 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
716 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
719 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
720 long_options, &option_index);
726 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
729 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
738 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
740 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
741 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
742 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
743 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
745 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
746 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
761 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
763 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
769 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
774 if (optind != argc - 1) {
775 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
777 filename = argv[optind++];
779 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
780 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
781 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
782 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
784 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
788 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
789 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
794 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
796 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
800 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
807 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
808 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
810 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
811 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
816 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
817 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
819 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
820 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
822 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
824 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
825 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
826 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
827 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
829 check->corruptions_fixed);
832 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
834 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
835 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
839 switch (output_format) {
841 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
844 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
849 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
851 error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
853 error_report("Check failed");
859 if (check->corruptions) {
861 } else if (check->leaks) {
868 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
873 typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
874 BlockDriverState *bs;
876 } CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
878 static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
880 CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
883 error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
887 static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
889 AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
891 /* FIXME In error cases, the job simply goes away and we access a dangling
893 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
895 aio_poll(aio_context, true);
896 qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
897 ((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
898 } while (!job->ready);
900 block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
901 aio_context_release(aio_context);
903 /* A block job may finish instantaneously without publishing any progress,
904 * so just signal completion here */
905 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
908 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
911 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
913 BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
915 bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
917 Error *local_err = NULL;
918 CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
919 bool image_opts = false;
920 AioContext *aio_context;
923 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
926 static const struct option long_options[] = {
927 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
928 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
929 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
932 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
939 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
942 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
967 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
969 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
975 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
981 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
986 if (optind != argc - 1) {
987 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
989 filename = argv[optind++];
991 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
992 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
997 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
998 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1000 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1004 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1011 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
1012 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
1015 base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1017 error_setg(&local_err,
1018 "Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
1023 /* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
1024 * the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
1025 * behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
1026 base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
1028 error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
1033 cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
1038 aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
1039 aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
1040 commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, BLOCK_JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
1041 BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
1042 &cbi, false, &local_err);
1043 aio_context_release(aio_context);
1048 /* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
1049 * the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
1050 * deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
1051 * counter here preemptively. */
1056 job = block_job_get("commit");
1057 run_block_job(job, &local_err);
1062 if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
1063 ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
1065 error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
1077 qemu_progress_end();
1082 error_report_err(local_err);
1086 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
1091 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
1094 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1095 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
1097 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
1106 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
1107 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1109 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
1118 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
1119 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
1120 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
1122 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
1126 int num_checked, num_used;
1132 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1138 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1140 num_checked = num_used;
1143 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
1145 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
1147 num_checked += *pnum;
1149 num_used = num_checked;
1150 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
1160 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
1161 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
1163 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
1164 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
1166 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
1177 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
1178 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1182 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
1191 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
1193 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
1195 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1198 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
1200 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1204 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
1206 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
1207 * data and negative value on error.
1209 * @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
1210 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
1211 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
1212 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
1213 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
1214 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
1216 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t sect_num,
1217 int sect_count, const char *filename,
1218 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
1221 ret = blk_pread(blk, sect_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buffer,
1222 sect_count << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1224 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
1225 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
1228 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
1229 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
1230 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1231 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
1239 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
1241 * 0 - Images are identical
1243 * >1 - Error occurred
1245 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
1247 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
1248 BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
1249 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
1250 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
1251 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
1253 int allocated1, allocated2;
1254 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
1255 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
1258 int64_t total_sectors;
1259 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1262 uint64_t progress_base;
1263 bool image_opts = false;
1264 bool force_share = false;
1266 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
1268 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1269 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1270 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1271 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1272 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1275 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
1276 long_options, NULL);
1282 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1285 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
1311 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
1313 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
1320 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
1326 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
1332 if (optind != argc - 2) {
1333 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
1335 filename1 = argv[optind++];
1336 filename2 = argv[optind++];
1338 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
1339 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
1345 /* Initialize before goto out */
1346 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
1349 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
1351 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
1356 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1363 blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
1372 buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1373 buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1374 total_sectors1 = blk_nb_sectors(blk1);
1375 if (total_sectors1 < 0) {
1376 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1377 filename1, strerror(-total_sectors1));
1381 total_sectors2 = blk_nb_sectors(blk2);
1382 if (total_sectors2 < 0) {
1383 error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
1384 filename2, strerror(-total_sectors2));
1388 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1389 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1391 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1393 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1395 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1400 int64_t status1, status2;
1401 BlockDriverState *file;
1403 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1404 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1407 status1 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num,
1408 total_sectors1 - sector_num,
1412 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1415 allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1417 status2 = bdrv_get_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num,
1418 total_sectors2 - sector_num,
1422 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1425 allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
1427 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum1);
1430 nb_sectors = MIN(nb_sectors, pnum2);
1434 if ((status1 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK) !=
1435 (status2 & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK)) {
1437 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1438 " block status mismatch!\n",
1439 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1443 if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1444 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1445 } else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1447 ret = blk_pread(blk1, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf1,
1448 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1450 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1451 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1456 ret = blk_pread(blk2, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, buf2,
1457 nb_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1459 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1460 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1461 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1465 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1466 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1467 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1469 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1477 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1478 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1480 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1481 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1485 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1486 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1492 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1493 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1496 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1497 BlockBackend *blk_over;
1498 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1499 const char *filename_over;
1501 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1502 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1503 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1505 filename_over = filename1;
1507 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1509 filename_over = filename2;
1513 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1514 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1517 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, sector_num,
1521 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1528 ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1529 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1532 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1533 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1534 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1540 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1541 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1545 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1555 qemu_progress_end();
1560 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
1566 #define MAX_COROUTINES 16
1568 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
1570 int64_t *src_sectors;
1572 int64_t total_sectors;
1573 int64_t allocated_sectors;
1574 int64_t allocated_done;
1577 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1578 int64_t sector_next_status;
1579 BlockBackend *target;
1582 bool target_has_backing;
1585 size_t cluster_sectors;
1587 long num_coroutines;
1588 int running_coroutines;
1589 Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
1590 int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
1595 static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1596 int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
1599 *src_cur_offset = 0;
1600 while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
1601 *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
1603 assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
1607 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
1609 int64_t ret, src_cur_offset;
1612 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1614 assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
1615 n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
1617 if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
1618 BlockDriverState *file;
1619 if (s->target_has_backing) {
1620 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
1621 sector_num - src_cur_offset,
1624 ret = bdrv_get_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
1625 sector_num - src_cur_offset,
1632 if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
1633 s->status = BLK_ZERO;
1634 } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1635 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1637 s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
1640 s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
1643 n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
1644 if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
1645 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1648 /* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
1649 * unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
1650 * cluster allocated. */
1651 if (s->compressed) {
1652 if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
1653 n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
1654 s->status = BLK_DATA;
1656 n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
1663 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1664 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
1670 assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
1671 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1674 int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
1676 /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
1677 * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
1678 * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
1679 convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
1680 blk = s->src[src_cur];
1681 bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
1683 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
1685 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1686 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1688 ret = blk_co_preadv(
1689 blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1690 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
1697 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1704 static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
1705 int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
1706 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
1712 while (nb_sectors > 0) {
1714 BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
1717 case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
1718 /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
1719 * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
1720 * visible at the respective offset. */
1721 assert(s->target_has_backing);
1725 /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
1726 * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
1727 * it as zero sectors.
1728 * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
1729 * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
1731 if (!s->min_sparse ||
1733 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse)) ||
1735 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
1738 iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
1739 qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
1741 ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1742 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
1751 if (s->has_zero_init) {
1752 assert(!s->target_has_backing);
1755 ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
1756 sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1757 n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
1766 buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1772 static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
1774 ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
1775 uint8_t *buf = NULL;
1779 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1780 if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
1787 s->running_coroutines++;
1788 buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1793 enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
1795 qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
1796 if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
1797 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1800 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
1802 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1806 /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
1807 sector_num = s->sector_num;
1809 if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
1810 n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
1812 /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
1813 * already continue reading beyond this request */
1815 qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
1817 if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
1818 s->allocated_done += n;
1819 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
1820 s->allocated_sectors, 0);
1823 if (status == BLK_DATA) {
1824 ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
1826 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
1827 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1830 } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
1832 memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1835 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1836 /* keep writes in order */
1837 while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1838 s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
1839 qemu_coroutine_yield();
1841 s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
1844 if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1845 ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
1847 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1848 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1853 if (s->wr_in_order) {
1854 /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
1855 * for this write to complete */
1856 s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
1857 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1858 if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
1860 * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
1861 * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
1862 * B will never enter A during this time window.
1864 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1872 s->co[index] = NULL;
1873 s->running_coroutines--;
1874 if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
1875 /* the convert job finished successfully */
1880 static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
1883 int64_t sector_num = 0;
1885 /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
1886 s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
1887 ? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
1890 if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
1891 bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
1893 ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1895 s->has_zero_init = true;
1899 /* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
1900 * can be copied at a time. */
1901 if (s->compressed) {
1902 if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
1903 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1906 s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
1909 while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
1910 n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
1914 if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
1916 s->allocated_sectors += n;
1922 s->sector_next_status = 0;
1923 s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
1925 qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
1926 for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
1927 s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
1928 s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
1929 qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
1932 while (s->running_coroutines) {
1933 main_loop_wait(false);
1936 if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
1937 /* signal EOF to align */
1938 ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
1947 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1949 int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
1950 const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
1951 *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
1952 *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
1953 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
1954 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1955 BlockDriverState *out_bs;
1956 QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
1957 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
1958 char *options = NULL;
1959 Error *local_err = NULL;
1960 bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
1961 skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
1962 int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
1963 bool force_share = false;
1965 ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
1966 /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1968 .buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
1969 .wr_in_order = true,
1970 .num_coroutines = 8,
1974 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1975 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1976 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
1977 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
1978 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
1979 {"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
1982 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
1983 long_options, NULL);
1989 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
1992 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2004 out_baseimg = optarg;
2007 s.compressed = true;
2010 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
2011 "encryption\' instead!");
2014 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
2015 "compat6\' instead!");
2018 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2019 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2023 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2025 char *old_options = options;
2026 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2027 g_free(old_options);
2031 snapshot_name = optarg;
2034 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
2035 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
2038 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
2043 snapshot_name = optarg;
2050 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
2052 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
2056 s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2075 if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
2076 s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
2077 error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
2078 " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
2083 s.wr_in_order = false;
2088 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2089 QemuOpts *object_opts;
2090 object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2097 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2100 case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
2101 tgt_image_opts = true;
2106 if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
2110 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2111 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2116 if (!s.wr_in_order && s.compressed) {
2117 error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
2121 if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
2122 error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
2126 s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
2127 out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2129 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
2131 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
2134 error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
2139 if (s.src_num < 1) {
2140 error_report("Must specify image file name");
2145 /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
2146 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
2148 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
2152 /* Initialize before goto out */
2156 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
2157 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2159 s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
2160 s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
2162 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2163 s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
2164 fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
2170 s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
2171 if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
2172 error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
2173 argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
2177 s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
2181 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
2182 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
2183 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
2185 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
2186 if (s.src_num > 1) {
2187 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
2192 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
2196 error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
2202 /* Find driver and parse its options */
2203 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
2205 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
2210 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
2212 error_report_err(local_err);
2217 if (!drv->create_opts) {
2218 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2224 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
2225 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
2226 proto_drv->format_name);
2231 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
2232 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
2234 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2236 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
2238 error_report_err(local_err);
2244 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
2246 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
2252 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
2253 out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
2254 if (out_baseimg_param) {
2255 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
2257 s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
2259 if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
2260 error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
2261 "concatenating multiple input images");
2266 /* Check if compression is supported */
2269 qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
2270 const char *preallocation =
2271 qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
2273 if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2274 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2280 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
2287 && strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
2289 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
2297 /* Create the new image */
2298 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
2300 error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
2301 out_filename, out_fmt);
2306 flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
2307 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
2309 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2314 s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
2315 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2317 /* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
2318 * to be used even when -n is not given.
2319 * That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
2320 * to allow filenames in option syntax
2322 s.target = img_open_new_file(out_filename, opts, out_fmt,
2323 flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
2329 out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
2331 if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
2332 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
2337 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
2338 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
2340 s.buf_sectors = MIN(32768,
2342 MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
2343 out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
2344 BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
2347 int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
2348 if (output_sectors < 0) {
2349 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
2350 strerror(-output_sectors));
2353 } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
2354 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
2360 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
2363 error_report("could not get block driver info");
2367 s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
2368 s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2371 ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
2374 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2376 qemu_progress_end();
2377 qemu_opts_del(opts);
2378 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
2379 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
2380 blk_unref(s.target);
2382 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
2383 blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
2387 g_free(s.src_sectors);
2395 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
2397 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
2400 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
2403 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
2404 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
2406 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
2408 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
2414 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2418 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2420 visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
2421 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2422 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2423 assert(str != NULL);
2424 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2425 qobject_decref(obj);
2430 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
2434 Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
2436 visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
2437 visit_complete(v, &obj);
2438 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
2439 assert(str != NULL);
2440 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
2441 qobject_decref(obj);
2446 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
2448 ImageInfoList *elem;
2451 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
2457 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
2461 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
2463 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
2467 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
2469 * @filename: topmost image filename
2470 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
2471 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
2472 * false - only topmost image file
2474 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
2475 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
2478 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
2479 const char *filename,
2481 bool chain, bool force_share)
2483 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
2484 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
2485 GHashTable *filenames;
2488 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
2492 BlockDriverState *bs;
2494 ImageInfoList *elem;
2496 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
2497 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
2501 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
2503 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
2504 BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
2511 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
2513 error_report_err(err);
2518 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
2525 filename = fmt = NULL;
2527 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
2528 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
2529 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
2530 error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
2531 " but backing filename '%s' present",
2532 info->backing_filename);
2535 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
2536 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
2540 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2544 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
2545 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
2549 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
2552 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2554 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2555 ImageInfoList *list;
2556 bool image_opts = false;
2557 bool force_share = false;
2562 int option_index = 0;
2563 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2564 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2565 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2566 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2567 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
2568 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2569 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2570 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2573 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2574 long_options, &option_index);
2580 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2583 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2597 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
2600 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2602 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2608 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2613 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2614 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2616 filename = argv[optind++];
2618 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2619 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2620 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2621 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2622 } else if (output) {
2623 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2627 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2628 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2633 list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
2639 switch (output_format) {
2641 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
2645 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
2647 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
2652 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
2656 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
2659 switch (output_format) {
2661 if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
2662 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
2665 if (e->data && !e->zero) {
2666 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
2667 e->start, e->length,
2668 e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
2669 e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
2671 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
2672 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
2674 if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
2680 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
2681 " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
2682 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
2683 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
2684 e->zero ? "true" : "false",
2685 e->data ? "true" : "false");
2686 if (e->has_offset) {
2687 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
2698 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
2699 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
2703 BlockDriverState *file;
2706 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2707 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2713 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors,
2719 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2722 bs = backing_bs(bs);
2731 has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
2734 .start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2735 .length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
2736 .data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
2737 .zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
2738 .offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK,
2739 .has_offset = has_offset,
2741 .has_filename = file && has_offset,
2742 .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
2748 static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
2750 if (curr->length == 0) {
2753 if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
2754 curr->data != next->data ||
2755 curr->depth != next->depth ||
2756 curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
2757 curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
2760 if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
2763 if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
2769 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2772 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2774 BlockDriverState *bs;
2775 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2777 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2779 bool image_opts = false;
2780 bool force_share = false;
2785 int option_index = 0;
2786 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2787 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2788 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2789 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2790 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2791 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2792 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2795 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
2796 long_options, &option_index);
2802 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2805 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2819 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2821 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2827 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2832 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2833 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2835 filename = argv[optind];
2837 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2838 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2839 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2840 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2841 } else if (output) {
2842 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2846 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
2847 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
2852 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
2858 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2859 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2862 length = blk_getlength(blk);
2863 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2864 int64_t nsectors_left;
2868 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2870 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2871 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2872 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2873 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2876 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2880 if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
2881 curr.length += next.length;
2885 if (curr.length > 0) {
2886 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2891 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2898 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2899 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2900 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2901 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2903 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2906 BlockDriverState *bs;
2907 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2908 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2909 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2914 bool image_opts = false;
2915 bool force_share = false;
2917 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
2918 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2920 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2921 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2922 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
2923 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
2924 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
2927 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
2928 long_options, NULL);
2934 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
2937 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
2944 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2947 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2948 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2952 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2955 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2956 snapshot_name = optarg;
2960 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2963 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2964 snapshot_name = optarg;
2968 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2971 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2972 snapshot_name = optarg;
2980 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
2982 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
2988 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
2994 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2995 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2997 filename = argv[optind++];
2999 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3000 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3005 /* Open the image */
3006 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
3013 /* Perform the requested action */
3019 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
3020 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
3021 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
3023 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
3024 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
3025 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
3027 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
3029 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3030 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3034 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
3035 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
3037 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
3038 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
3042 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
3043 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
3045 error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
3060 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
3062 BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
3063 uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
3064 uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
3065 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3067 const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
3068 int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
3069 bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
3071 bool force_share = false;
3074 Error *local_err = NULL;
3075 bool image_opts = false;
3077 /* Parse commandline parameters */
3079 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3080 src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3084 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3085 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3086 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3087 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3088 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3091 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
3092 long_options, NULL);
3098 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3101 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3110 out_basefmt = optarg;
3113 out_baseimg = optarg;
3130 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3132 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3138 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3151 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3152 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3154 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
3155 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
3157 filename = argv[optind++];
3159 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3160 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3165 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
3166 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
3168 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
3169 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3171 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3176 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
3178 error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
3182 /* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
3183 assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
3184 (void) src_writethrough;
3189 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
3190 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
3192 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3200 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
3201 if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
3202 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
3208 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
3210 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3211 QDict *options = NULL;
3213 if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
3214 options = qdict_new();
3215 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
3220 options = qdict_new();
3222 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3224 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3225 blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
3226 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3227 if (!blk_old_backing) {
3228 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3229 "Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
3235 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
3236 options = qdict_new();
3238 qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
3241 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
3244 blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
3245 options, src_flags, &local_err);
3246 if (!blk_new_backing) {
3247 error_reportf_err(local_err,
3248 "Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
3257 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
3258 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
3259 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
3260 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
3262 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
3263 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
3266 int64_t num_sectors;
3267 int64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
3268 int64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
3271 float local_progress = 0;
3273 buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3274 buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
3276 num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
3277 if (num_sectors < 0) {
3278 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3279 filename, strerror(-num_sectors));
3283 old_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_old_backing);
3284 if (old_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3285 char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
3287 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
3288 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3289 backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_num_sectors));
3293 if (blk_new_backing) {
3294 new_backing_num_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk_new_backing);
3295 if (new_backing_num_sectors < 0) {
3296 error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
3297 out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_num_sectors));
3303 if (num_sectors != 0) {
3304 local_progress = (float)100 /
3305 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
3308 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
3310 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
3311 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
3312 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
3314 n = num_sectors - sector;
3317 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
3318 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
3320 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
3329 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
3330 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
3332 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
3333 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3335 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
3336 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3339 ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3340 buf_old, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3342 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
3347 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !blk_new_backing) {
3348 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
3350 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
3351 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
3354 ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3355 buf_new, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
3357 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
3362 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
3363 uint64_t written = 0;
3365 while (written < n) {
3368 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
3369 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
3371 ret = blk_pwrite(blk,
3372 (sector + written) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
3373 buf_old + written * 512,
3374 pnum << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
3376 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
3384 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
3389 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
3390 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
3391 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
3393 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
3394 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
3396 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
3399 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
3400 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
3401 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
3402 } else if (ret < 0) {
3403 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
3404 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
3407 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
3409 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
3410 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
3411 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
3412 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
3415 qemu_progress_end();
3418 blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
3419 blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
3421 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
3422 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
3431 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
3434 int c, ret, relative;
3435 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
3436 int64_t n, total_size;
3438 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3441 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
3442 .name = "resize_options",
3443 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
3446 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
3447 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
3448 .help = "Virtual disk size"
3454 bool image_opts = false;
3456 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
3457 * as options by getopt. */
3459 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
3463 size = argv[--argc];
3465 /* Parse getopt arguments */
3468 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3469 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3470 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3471 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3474 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
3475 long_options, NULL);
3481 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3484 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3495 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
3497 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3503 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3508 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3509 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
3511 filename = argv[optind++];
3513 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3514 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3519 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
3535 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3536 qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
3538 error_report_err(err);
3540 qemu_opts_del(param);
3543 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
3544 qemu_opts_del(param);
3546 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
3547 BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
3555 total_size = blk_getlength(blk) + n * relative;
3559 if (total_size <= 0) {
3560 error_report("New image size must be positive");
3565 ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, &err);
3567 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
3569 error_report_err(err);
3579 static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
3580 int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
3583 qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
3586 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
3590 char *options = NULL;
3591 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
3592 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
3593 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
3596 bool quiet = false, progress = false;
3597 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3598 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
3599 bool image_opts = false;
3601 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
3603 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3604 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3605 {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
3606 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3609 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
3610 long_options, NULL);
3617 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3620 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3626 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
3627 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
3629 goto out_no_progress;
3632 options = g_strdup(optarg);
3634 char *old_options = options;
3635 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
3636 g_free(old_options);
3652 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
3656 goto out_no_progress;
3659 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
3666 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
3669 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
3670 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
3673 goto out_no_progress;
3679 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
3681 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
3682 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
3683 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
3684 * given), print option help here */
3685 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3689 if (optind != argc - 1) {
3690 error_report("Expecting one image file name");
3695 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
3696 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
3698 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
3702 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
3710 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
3712 if (has_help_option(options)) {
3713 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
3714 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
3718 if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
3719 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
3725 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
3726 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3727 qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
3729 error_report_err(err);
3734 /* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
3735 qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
3736 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
3737 qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
3739 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
3744 qemu_progress_end();
3748 qemu_opts_del(opts);
3749 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
3758 typedef struct BenchData {
3760 uint64_t image_size;
3767 bool drain_on_flush;
3776 static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3779 error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3784 static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
3786 BenchData *b = opaque;
3790 error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
3795 /* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
3796 assert(b->in_flight == 0);
3797 b->in_flush = false;
3798 } else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
3799 int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
3804 /* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
3805 if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
3806 if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
3807 BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
3809 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3813 cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
3816 acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
3818 error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
3822 if (b->drain_on_flush) {
3828 while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
3829 int64_t offset = b->offset;
3830 /* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
3831 * again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
3832 * and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
3835 b->offset += b->step;
3836 b->offset %= b->image_size;
3838 acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3840 acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
3843 error_report("Failed to issue request");
3849 static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
3852 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
3854 bool image_opts = false;
3855 bool is_write = false;
3859 size_t bufsize = 4096;
3862 int flush_interval = 0;
3863 bool drain_on_flush = true;
3865 BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
3866 BenchData data = {};
3868 bool writethrough = false;
3869 struct timeval t1, t2;
3871 bool force_share = false;
3874 static const struct option long_options[] = {
3875 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
3876 {"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
3877 {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
3878 {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
3879 {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
3880 {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
3883 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
3890 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
3893 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
3902 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3903 error_report("Invalid request count specified");
3913 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3914 error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
3924 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
3928 offset = cvtnum(optarg);
3930 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
3943 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3944 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3945 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
3956 sval = cvtnum(optarg);
3957 if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
3958 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
3966 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
3968 error_report("Invalid cache mode");
3974 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
3980 case OPTION_PATTERN:
3984 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
3985 error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
3991 case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
3995 if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
3996 error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
3999 flush_interval = res;
4002 case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
4003 drain_on_flush = false;
4005 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4011 if (optind != argc - 1) {
4012 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
4014 filename = argv[argc - 1];
4016 if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
4017 error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
4021 if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
4022 error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
4027 blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
4034 image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
4035 if (image_size < 0) {
4040 data = (BenchData) {
4042 .image_size = image_size,
4044 .step = step ?: bufsize,
4049 .flush_interval = flush_interval,
4050 .drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
4052 printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
4053 "(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
4054 data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
4055 data.offset, data.step);
4056 if (flush_interval) {
4057 printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
4060 data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4061 memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
4063 data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
4064 for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
4065 qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
4066 qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
4067 data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
4070 gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
4073 while (data.n > 0) {
4074 main_loop_wait(false);
4076 gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
4078 printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
4079 (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
4080 + ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
4083 qemu_vfree(data.buf);
4104 int bsz; /* Block size */
4112 int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
4116 static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
4117 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4124 if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
4125 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4128 in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
4133 static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
4134 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4137 dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
4139 if (dd->count < 0) {
4140 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4147 static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
4148 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4151 in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4156 static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
4157 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4160 out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
4165 static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
4166 struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
4169 in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
4171 if (in->offset < 0) {
4172 error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
4179 static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
4184 BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
4185 BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
4186 QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
4187 QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
4188 Error *local_err = NULL;
4189 bool image_opts = false;
4191 const char *out_fmt = "raw";
4192 const char *fmt = NULL;
4194 int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
4195 bool force_share = false;
4196 struct DdInfo dd = {
4201 .bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
4213 const struct DdOpts options[] = {
4214 { "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
4215 { "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
4216 { "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
4217 { "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
4218 { "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
4221 const struct option long_options[] = {
4222 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4223 { "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
4224 { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
4225 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
4229 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
4241 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4244 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4252 case OPTION_OBJECT: {
4254 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
4261 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
4267 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
4269 arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
4271 tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
4273 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4280 for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
4281 if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
4285 if (options[j].name == NULL) {
4286 error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
4291 if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
4295 dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
4300 if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
4301 error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
4306 if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
4307 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
4313 blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
4321 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
4323 error_report("Unknown file format");
4327 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
4330 error_report_err(local_err);
4334 if (!drv->create_opts) {
4335 error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4340 if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
4341 error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
4342 proto_drv->format_name);
4346 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
4347 create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
4349 opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
4351 size = blk_getlength(blk1);
4353 error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
4358 if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
4359 dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
4360 size = dd.count * in.bsz;
4363 /* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
4364 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4365 size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
4366 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
4368 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
4369 size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
4372 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
4374 error_reportf_err(local_err,
4375 "%s: error while creating output image: ",
4381 /* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
4382 * since it needs to be given in a format compatible
4383 * with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
4384 * support image-opts style.
4386 blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
4387 false, false, false);
4394 if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
4395 size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
4396 /* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
4397 * size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
4399 error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
4402 in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
4405 in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
4407 for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
4408 int in_ret, out_ret;
4410 if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
4411 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
4413 in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
4416 error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
4423 out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
4426 error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
4427 strerror(-out_ret));
4436 qemu_opts_del(opts);
4437 qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
4440 g_free(in.filename);
4441 g_free(out.filename);
4452 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
4453 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
4454 { option, callback },
4455 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
4461 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4463 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
4464 const char *cmdname;
4465 Error *local_error = NULL;
4466 char *trace_file = NULL;
4468 static const struct option long_options[] = {
4469 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
4470 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
4471 {"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
4476 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
4479 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
4480 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
4481 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
4483 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
4484 error_report_err(local_error);
4488 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
4490 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
4493 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
4496 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
4497 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
4498 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
4500 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
4503 missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
4506 unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
4512 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
4516 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
4521 cmdname = argv[optind];
4523 /* reset getopt_long scanning */
4531 if (!trace_init_backends()) {
4534 trace_init_file(trace_file);
4535 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
4537 /* find the command */
4538 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
4539 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
4540 return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
4545 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);